JP7072659B2 - リチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー及びこれを含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー及びこれを含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7072659B2 JP7072659B2 JP2020536129A JP2020536129A JP7072659B2 JP 7072659 B2 JP7072659 B2 JP 7072659B2 JP 2020536129 A JP2020536129 A JP 2020536129A JP 2020536129 A JP2020536129 A JP 2020536129A JP 7072659 B2 JP7072659 B2 JP 7072659B2
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007960 acetonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002717 carbon nanostructure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonodiperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)OO NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEBKBUOHNYJUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;2-sulfanylethanol Chemical compound CCO.OCCS PEBKBUOHNYJUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002063 nanoring Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/20—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or phenols, e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate or glycerol mono-(meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
第1単量体に由来した第1重合単位と第2単量体に由来した第2重合単位を有する共重合体を含み、
前記第1単量体は一つ以上の官能基を有するアルキルアクリレートまたはアルキルメタクリレートであり、
前記第2単量体は、アクリル酸またはメタクリル酸であり、
前記第1単量体における前記官能基は、1ないし4の炭素数を有するアルキルに置換または非置換されたヒドロキシ基、チオール基またはアミノ基の単独または反復構造を有する官能基である、リチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダーを提供する。
上述したバインダー、正極活物質及び導電材を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池の正極活性層製造用組成物を提供する。
上述した組成物を集電体上に塗布して形成された正極活性層を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池用正極を提供する。
上述した正極を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池を提供する。
本発明は、バインダーと正極活物質及び集電体の間の接着力が向上して安定的な正極を形成することができ、正極から硫黄系物質の溶出が抑制され、電池の寿命特性を改善することができるリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダーを提供する。
本発明は、上述したバインダー、正極活物質及び導電材を含む組成物から形成された正極活性層を提供する。
本発明は、上述した活性層を集電体上に形成して正極を製造した後、負極、分離膜、電解液の構成を追加してサイクル性能が改善されたリチウム-硫黄二次電池を提供する。
1.バインダーの製造
製造例1
100mLの丸底フラスコに2.89gのアクリル酸(Acrylic acid、AA)、0.72gの4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート(4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate、HBA)及び32.50gの水を投入し、入口を封止(sealing)した。30分間窒素バブリング(bubbling)を通じて酸素を取り除いて、前記フラスコを60℃に加熱されたオイルバス(oil bath)に浸した後、4.00mgの過硫酸ナトリウム(Sodium persulfate)と1.18mgの2-メルカプトエタノール(2-mercapto ethanol)を投与して反応を開始した。24時間後に反応を終了し、アクリル系共重合体を収得した(転換率:99%、重量平均分子量(Mw):3,140,000)。
重合時に使われた単量体の種類及び割合を下記表1のように調節したことを除いて、製造例1と同様の方法で共重合体を製造して収得した。
シグマ-アルドリッチ(Sigma-aldrich)社の分子量53万水準のポリフッ化ビニリデン(Polyvinylidene difluoride、PVDF)を購入して使用した。
シグマ-アルドリッチ(Sigma-aldrich)社の分子量125万水準のポリアクリル酸(Polyacrylic acid)を購入して使用した。
(1)実験方法
溶解度測定方法
1gの溶質(単量体または高分子)を5gの溶媒(水または電解液)に入れて、常温(25℃)で30分間撹拌した後、溶解されていない残留溶質を取り除く。取り除いた残留溶質の量を測定して溶媒に溶けている溶質の量を測定し、その測定された量を100gの溶媒に対する数値に換算して溶解度を測定する。
反応物を20mg/mLの濃度で溶媒に希釈して5mg/mLのアセトンを標準物質(Standard material)で添加した後、ガスクロマトグラフィ(Gas chromatography、PerkinElmer)で測定する。アセトンピークの面積対比モノマーピークサイズの割合の変化で転換率を計算する。
-溶媒:水
-初期温度:50℃で3分、ランプ(Ramp):200℃まで30℃/分
-注入体積(Injection volume):0.5μL
転換率(%)=(Aini-Afin)/Aini×100
Aini:反応開始時のモノマーピークのアセトンピーク対比面積相手比
Afin:反応終了時のモノマーピークのアセトンピーク対比面積相手比
重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(PDI)はGPCを利用して以下の条件で測定し、検量線の製作にはアジレントシステム(Agilent system)の標準ポリスチレンを使用して測定結果を換算した。
測定機:Agilent GPC(Agilent 1200 series、U.S.)
カラム:PLGel-M、PLGel-L直列連結
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアルデヒド
流速:1.0mL/min
濃度:~1mg/mL(100μL注入)
カーボンパウダー:硫黄の重量比が30:70の混合物を溶融拡散(melt diffusion)させてカーボン及び硫黄の複合体を得た。正極合剤(88.0重量%のカーボン及び硫黄の複合体、7.0重量%の気相成長炭素繊維(VGCF導電材)、5.0重量%のバインダー)を溶媒の水に添加して正極スラリーを製造した後、20μm厚さのアルミニウム集電体上にコーティングして50℃で最小2時間乾燥した後、80℃で12時間以内の間追加乾燥してローディング量が5.5mAh/cm2である正極を製造した。溶媒がN-メチルピロリドンの場合、80℃で24時間乾燥してローディング量が5.0mAh/cm2である正極を製造した。
製造された正極を2cm×12cm大きさで打ち抜いて準備する。ガラススライドグラスの上に両面テープを貼って、その上に3Mテープの裏面を貼って接着面が上に上がるように準備する。接着面の上に準備しておいた正極活性層面を貼って測定サンプルを製造する。グラスの上に貼っている負極の一端を約0.5cm取り外した後、テクスチャ分析装置(Texture analyzer)の下側クランプで掴んで、正極の垂れた他方を上側クランプで掴んだ後、2gfの力で引っ張って集電体から負極スラリーが落ちる力を測定する。
電池の構成として上述した正極、負極として45μm厚さのリチウムホイル、分離膜としてポリオレフィン膜(CelgardR 2400)を使用した。また、電解液としては0.38MのLiN(CF3SO2)2及び0.31MのLiNO3が1,3-ジオキソラン及びジメトキシエタンの混合液に溶解された電解液を使用して電池の製造を完成した。
機器:100mA級充放電機
充電:0.3C、定電流/定電圧モード
放電:0.5C、定電流モード、1.8V
サイクル温度:25℃
実施例1:製造例1によるバインダーの評価
前記製造例1によって製造されたバインダーを使用して正極を製造し、上述した内容にしたがって正極、負極、分離膜及び電解液を含む電池を製造した。電池の製造過程で接着力などを測定し、その結果を下記表2に示す。
前記製造例2ないし5によって製造されたバインダーを使用して正極を製造したことを除いて、実施例1と同様に接着力などを測定し、その結果を下記の表2に示す。
前記比較製造例1及び2によって製造されたバインダーを使用して正極を製造したことを除いて、実施例1と同様に接着力などを測定し、その結果を下記の表2に示す。
実施例1及び比較例1による電池を0.1C放電/充電2.5回、0.2C充電/放電3回、0.3C充電/0.5C放電の順に1.5Vと2.8Vの間で150サイクルを評価した後、初期容量に比べて7回目サイクルでの残存容量と125回目サイクルでの残存容量を計算して容量維持率を測定した。その結果を下記の表3に示す。
実施例1によるバインダーにおけるカルボン酸を100%リチウム化した後、電池に適用して電池の性能を評価した。電池の性能を評価するために、前記電池を0.1C放電/充電2.5回、0.2C充電/放電3回、0.3C充電/0.5C放電の順に1.5Vと2.8Vの間で150サイクルを評価した後、初期容量に比べて7回目サイクルでの残存容量と125回目サイクルでの残存容量を計算して容量維持率を測定した。
Claims (12)
- 第1単量体に由来した第1重合単位と第2単量体に由来した第2重合単位から成る共重合体を含み、
前記第1単量体は一つ以上の官能基を有するアルキルアクリレートまたはアルキルメタクリレートであり、
前記第2単量体はアクリル酸またはメタクリル酸であり、
前記官能基は、アミノ基、メチルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、エチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、プロピルアミノ基、ジプロピルアミノ基、ブチルアミノ基、ジブチルアミノ基、メトキシメトキシ基、2-エトキシエトキシ基、3-プロポキシプロポキシ基及び4-ブトキシブトキシ基からなる群から選択され、
前記共重合体は10ないし50重量%の第1重合単位を含む、リチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。 - 前記第2重合単位はリチウム化された形態を有するものである請求項1に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。
- 前記アルキルアクリレートまたはアルキルメタクリレートにおけるアルキルは1ないし6の炭素数を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。
- 前記共重合体は30ないし120℃のガラス転移温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。
- 前記共重合体は、水に対する溶解度が10ないし70重量%で、エーテル系溶媒に対する溶解度が0.001ないし1重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。
- 前記共重合体は50,000ないし5,000,000の重量平均分子量を有することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。
- 前記バインダーは0.1ないし10nmの粒径を有することを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池用バインダー。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のバインダー、正極活物質及び導電材を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池の正極活性層製造用組成物。
- 前記組成物は、組成物内の固形分100重量部に対して、
0.001ないし10重量部のバインダー;
25ないし95重量部の正極活物質;及び
2ないし70重量部の導電材を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池の正極活性層製造用組成物。 - 前記組成物は、組成物内の固形分100重量部に対して、
0.1ないし20重量部の導電材分散材をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム-硫黄二次電池の正極活性層製造用組成物。 - 請求項8に記載の組成物を集電体上に塗布して形成された正極活性層を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池用正極。
- 請求項11に記載の正極を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池。
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