TW538123B - Stabilization of fluorescent dyes in vinyl articles using hindered amine light stabilizers - Google Patents
Stabilization of fluorescent dyes in vinyl articles using hindered amine light stabilizers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW538123B TW538123B TW87117494A TW87117494A TW538123B TW 538123 B TW538123 B TW 538123B TW 87117494 A TW87117494 A TW 87117494A TW 87117494 A TW87117494 A TW 87117494A TW 538123 B TW538123 B TW 538123B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent
- dye
- hals
- film
- hindered amine
- Prior art date
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- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 206010051246 Photodermatosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XWZOKATWICIEMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-difluoro-4-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(F)=C(C=O)C(F)=C1 XWZOKATWICIEMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LWMPFIOTEAXAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-1-amine Chemical group NN1CCCCC1 LWMPFIOTEAXAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
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- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
- B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
- B44F1/04—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces after passage through surface layers, e.g. pictures with mirrors on the back
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/14—Benzoxanthene dyes; Benzothioxanthene dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/002—Influencing the physical properties by treatment with an amine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0097—Dye preparations of special physical nature; Tablets, films, extrusion, microcapsules, sheets, pads, bags with dyes
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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- G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
- G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
- G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
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- G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
- G02B5/128—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
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Description
538123 A7 五、發明説明(1 技術領域 本發明係關於聚氣乙缔物件,其係經由利用所選定之受 阻胺光安定劑,而顯示耐久性螢光色。 背景 含著色劑之物件在長時間曝露於太陽輻射下時,會失去 I、色例如’整個夏天放在戶外之物件,在秋天來臨時經 ¥會展現其最初顏色之褪色變型。雖然此褪色作用在習用 的及螢光的著色劑中均會發生,但螢光之著色劑之問題更 嚴重。 每日曝露至太陽輻射之螢光著色物件之使用期通常為數 個月,但習用著色劑之物件之使用期可有數年之久。雖然 通常穩定性較低,然由於可增加物件可見度之能力故螢光 著色劑時常被使用。螢光著色劑與習用著色劑不同,例如 可在不可見光區域(如紫外線)中取光,並在可見光譜中再 發射。此固有特性容許螢光物件在著色物件與其周圍環境 之間,顯示加強之可見對比。 回射技蟄研究人員已嘗試使用各種手段,使含有螢光著 色劑之聚合物件安定化。例如,在美國專利第5,6〇5,761號 中’ Burns等人陳述使用受阻胺光安定劑(hals),以保持含 有螢光染料於聚碳酸酯聚合基質中之物件之耐久性◊此文 件進一步揭示該螢光染料可為嘍嘮婦、茈醯亞胺或硫靛染 料’而HALS可為來自2,2,6,6-四垸基六氫p比淀化合物種類之 化合物。雖然此等物件在保持螢光顏色安定性方面極有 用,但由於聚碳酸g旨基質之固有剛性,故其並非極具可挽 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 性。 另夕卜,譬如在美國專利第5,387,458號中,Pavelka等人已 嘗試使用一種會篩選出340至400毫微米範圍之紫外線(UV) 輻射之紫外線篩選層來保持螢光色。此螢光色係在於與篩 選層分隔之層中。雖然此等物件由於螢光色安定性而極有 益,但其確實需要具有兩個分隔層,這會增加結構成本。 再者,該篩選層在減少由於可見輻射之染料吸收所造成之 螢光染料降解上可能不會有效。 聚氣乙烯(PVC)膜由於其撓性及市面可取得性,故可用於 許多應用上。UV吸收安定劑已常被使用於聚氯乙晞物件 中,以使聚合物基質光安定化。參閱例如,Marice McMurrer,Update : UV安定劑,塑膠摻配40 ( 1月/ 2月號, 1985)。然而,UV安定劑在使基質中之螢光染料安定上並 非有效。 雖然含有螢光染料之PVC膜現今係廣泛可得,但其有極差 顏色保持性之傾向。會助長褪色之因素包括在PVC主體基 質中缺少染料溶解度,染料潛移及由樹脂所提供對抗光降 解之保護作用最低。 技術刊物已提出,具有其胺基在分子結構中之HALS,無 法與PVC相容。例如,T. Hjertberg與E.M. Sorvik在PVC之熱 降解,PVC之降解與安定化作用,E.D. Owen (編緝)21,69 (1984)中陳述胺“引致PVC在高溫下之脫氯化氫”會導致 PVC基質之降解。另外,以二級或三級六氫吡啶胺為基料 之HALS為極具鹼性之化合物。例如,當2,2,6,6 -四甲基六 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 氫p比淀於水中測定時具有pKb為2.9,而與其作比較,對氨為 4.7。參閱Can Zhang等人,受阻胺光安定劑:酸曝露之作 用,聚合物科學期刊第24卷;C部份:POL YMER LETTERS 453,453 (1986)。由於其鹼性,故HALS在揮發性酸如鹽酸 (HC1)存在下,會形成鹽。鹽酸係藉“PVC膜之光致老化”所 造成之降解與氧化所產生。參閱Martinez等人,含有UV安 定劑之塑化PVC膜之光老化安定性之預測,聚合物降解與 安定性第54卷,49,49 (1996)。鹼性HALS與易得HC1來源組 合之存在,會引起酸-鹼反應,其可使PVC基質降解。 由於PVC膜之可撓曲性質及螢光著色劑使用於許多物件中 之希求,故有需要一種具有此等組合之耐久性著色物件。 發明概述 本發明係首次藉由摻入特定種類之HALS使螢光染料種類 安定化,以提供顯示耐久性螢光性於無溶劑PVC主体基質 中之著色物件。與HALS不能與PVC相容之已知陳述相反, 本發明包括之發現為HALS與螢光染料於PVC主體基質中之 新穎組合,將顯示著色螢光物件之優異安定性。由於PVC 主體基質具有良好機械與熱性質,故本發明物件可用於許 多應用上,包括但不限於,用於衣料、交通控制信號及裝 置(例如,接收信號)、背袋及水浮動安全裝置方面之用 途。 簡言之,本發明之物件顯示耐久性顏色及螢光性質,且 包含(a)聚合基質,其實質上含有無溶劑聚氯乙烯樹脂;(b) 4呤烯螢光染料;及(c)含有至少一個二級或三級胺基且具 -6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 有分子量低於約1000克/莫耳之受阻胺光安定劑。本發明物 件可經由將此等成份合併成混合物,並自此混合物形成物 件而製成。 由於實質上無溶劑聚氯乙稀樹脂之加工,係使樹脂接受 高溫,故無法預測會造成耐久性螢光著色物件。如上所 示,胺可在高溫下引致聚氯乙晞之脫氯化氫,其可導致聚 鼠乙錦·基質之降解。儘管有此概念,本發明物件具有令人 意外之耐久性。因此,使用實質上無溶劑聚氯乙埽與HALS 之組合提供之盈處尚未由關於形成耐久性勞光著色pvc物 件之技藝所提出。 本發明具有之優點在於其顯示耐久性顏色性質及勞光 性,而無需使用保護性覆蓋層。然而,若必要時,可使用 保護性覆蓋層以進一步增加本發明物件之耐久性。本發明 物件係保持其顏色,且能夠較一般預期更長期發出螢光, 即使曝路至直接陽光下亦然。因此,本發明物件為用於回 射元件之優良候選物。 本發明之另一優點在於聚合物、染料及HALS可在無溶劑 系統内加工,其不僅基本上可以消除溶劑排入大氣中,而 且可因完全免除溶劑使用而降低物件之製造成本。 附圖之簡單說明 本發明將參照附圖進一步說明,其中: 圖1為根據本發明之回射物件10之橫截面圖; 圖2為根據本發明另一個回射物件具體實施例2〇之橫截面 TSt · _ , 本紙張尺度it財_家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱) 538123 A7 -------_____ B7 五、發明説明(5 ^ --- 圖3為根據本許明g • 贫明另一個回射物件具體實施例30之橫截面 圖; 、 圖4為根據本發日月$ A w L ^ ^ 4貧月另一個回射物件具體實施例5〇之橫截面 圖;及 、 圖5為根據本蘇日日£ 發月另一個回射物件具體實施例7〇之橫截面 圖。 、 此等圖均為理想化,並未按比例,僅為例示而非限制。 定義 當於本文中使用時: “耆色劑”意指用以賦予色澤及色度至物件之顏 或其他物質; / # 白用著色劑”意指著色劑,當曝露至可見光及/或紫外線 時其不會顯著發出螢光,且對未用輔助工具之眼晴不备顧 示螢光性; 曰… “王方體膜”意指單一回射膜,具有自其一表面凸出之立 方體角元件; 儿 互方體用片材”意指含有立方體角元件之多層回 材; “耐久性”意指當曝露至氣候時增強之顏色或螢光保 性; ' 嵌入透鏡”回射基底薄片係包括(a)具有空間層之單層微 球體,及(b)與微球體之後表面呈光學締合之反射層,2黏 合層’其中微球體之前表面係被嵌入於該黏合層中; ‘‘包膠透鏡’’回射基底薄片係包括(a)具有與微球體後表面 -8 -
538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 缔合之反射層之單層微球體,及(b)經配置在微球體形成室 前表面上方之覆蓋層; “曝露透鏡”回射基底薄片係包括具有與被嵌入黏合層中 之微球體後表面缔合之反射層之單層微球體; “受阻胺光安定劑”意指用以使螢光染料光安定化之添加 劑,此安定劑具有至少一個二級或三級胺基; “聚合基質”意指主要聚合材料,螢光染料與受阻胺光安 定劑係位於其中; “二級胺基”意指含有氮(N)及具有一個氫(H)原子結合至 該氮原子上之基團; “三級胺基”意指含有氮(N)而未具有氫(H)原子結合至該 氮原子之基團; “實質上無溶劑之聚氯乙婦樹脂”意指能夠被加工,不管 用擠壓或壓延但不用溶劑之聚合聚氯乙烯樹脂; “噻噚晞螢光染料”意指具有噻咩晞單位作為其分子結構 一部份之螢光染料; “耐候性”意指使物件曝露至天然或人工環境中,包括例 如熱、光、濕氣及紫外線輕射。 說明性具體實施例之詳細描述 本發明係將實質上無溶劑聚氯乙烯主體基質與螢光染料 及受阻胺光安定劑組合,以產生耐久性著色螢光物件。 圖1顯示本發明之立方體角為基礎之回射物件1 〇。物件1 〇 (通稱為“立方體膜”)包含許多立方體角元件12與底層14。 圖中未示出者為螢光染料及受阻胺光安定劑。光係經過前 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 ____ B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 或第一主表面15進入立方體膜10中。然後光通過底層14, 擊打立方體角元件12之平面11並自其來時之方向返回,如 箭頭1 8所示。 圖2顯示本發明之立方體角為基礎之回射物件2〇。物件20 包含經配置在立方體膜21之前或第一主表面25上之本體層 26。立方體膜21包含許多立方體角元件22並可視需要包括 底層24。在一較佳具體實施例中,本體層%包含實質上無 /容劑聚氯乙埽基質,勞光染料及受阻胺光安定劑(皆未示於 圖中),且為物件20之最外層。底層24係藉由一個直接毗鄰 立方體角元件底部配置之層,而與本體層26區分。必要 時,底層24 (若存在)及/或立方體角元件22可包含實質上無 A劑聚氯乙稀基質、營光染料及受阻胺光安定劑。 圖3顯示本發明之微球體為基礎之回射物件3〇。物件3〇包 含經配置在嵌入透鏡回射基底薄片31之前或第一主表面35 上之本體層36。關於嵌入透鏡薄片之說明例,可參閱美國 專利4,505,967( Bailey)。基底薄片31包含被嵌入黏合劑層33 中之單層微球體32,並具有空間層34、鏡面反射層38及選 用之黏著層40。光係經過回射物件3〇之前表面41進入。然 後光通過本體層36及黏合劑層33,擊打微球體32,通過空 間層34以擊打鏡面反射層3 8,並自其來時之方向返回,如 箭頭37所示。 回射基底薄片亦可為曝露透鏡或包膠透鏡,分別參閱美 國專利 5,3 16,838(Crandall)與 4,025,159(McGrath),關於此 種片材之實例。在一較佳具體例中,本體層3 6包含實質上 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公董) 538123 A7 _______B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 無溶劑聚氯乙烯基質、螢光染料及受阻胺光安定劑。 雖非必要,但本發明之物件可視情況包含保護覆蓋層, 其可以或可以不包含紫外線吸收劑。此覆蓋層對可見光較 佳為貫質上透明,並包括一種裝置,以篩選入射紫外線輻 射之實質部份。圖4例示一種具有立方體膜51之回射具體實 施例50。本體層56係被配置在立方體膜51之前或第一主表 面55上。經配置在本體層56之第一側57上者為覆蓋層58。 在一較佳具體例中,本體層56係包含實質上無溶劑聚氯乙 缔基質、螢光染料及受阻胺光安定劑。覆蓋層58較佳係與 本體層56共延伸,以提供最大保護作用。 於本發明中使用之聚合基質包含實質上無溶劑聚氯乙烯 作為王體基質。此聚合基質不需具有其他聚合物(例如,丙 埽酸系聚合物)以賦予良好耐久性,因此基本上可由無溶劑 聚氯乙婦組成β塑化劑可加入該基質中,以賦予所要之物 性,如可撓性。有用塑化劑之說明例包括酞酸二乙基己 酯,可以DOP市購得自Aristech化學公司,及酞酸二異壬 酯,可以JAYFLEX DINP市購得自以臟公司。uv吸收劑 如羥基二苯甲酮可加入以安定pvc不受紫外線光降解。可 加入作為加工助劑之其他添加劑,包括填充劑、熱安定劑 及潤滑劑。 經塑化PVC之優點在於,其具有優異可挽性,俾可順應多 種不同基材,纟範圍從織物至具有複合曲線之基材,如交 通圓筒。本發明之物件具有充分撓性,以在室溫下捲繞於 心轴(具t 3毫米直徑)上而不破裂。、經塑化pvc亦可藉黏著 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X ----- 538123 A7 __ B7 _ 五、發明説明(9 ) 方式或機械方式,容易地貼附至基材。說明性機械方式係 涉及將本發明產物縫製在織物基材上。 實質上無溶劑PVC膜可藉擠壓或壓延與螢光染料及HALS 組合之PVC樹脂在具有標稱厚度約0.025毫米(0.001英吋)至 約3·2毫米(0.125英吋),較佳為約0.076毫米(0.003英吋)至約 0.5毫米(0.02英吋)之膜或立方體膜上。以後者範圍較佳,因 其更可用於回射片材。膜厚度可隨特定應用而改變。例 如,若該應用需要高耐久性,則通常較厚之膜,在約0.75毫 米(0.030英吋)之譜,更為有用。PVC膜或立方體膜之厚度, 對於可能被負載於膜中之螢光染料及受阻胺光安定劑之量 有影響。 本發明可用之螢光染料為來自嘍嘮烯化合物種類之染 料。可使用單一染料或染料之組合。本發明可用之例示市 面可得之噻呤烯螢光染料,包括HOSTASOL® RED GG, HOSTASOL® YELLOW 3G,DAY-GLO® D-304 及DAY-GLO® D-315 。 有用螢光橘色染料為14H- E [2,l,9-mna]噻嘮烯-14-酮, 市售稱為 C.I Solvent Orange 63 (HOSTASOL® RED GG),得 自Hoescht Celanese,並具有以下化學結構: 〇
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(10 ) 有用黃色螢光染料為N-辛癸基-苯并[k,l]噻呤烯-3,4-二 羧醯亞胺,市售稱為 C.I. Solvent Yellow 98 (HOSTASOL® YELLOW 3G),得自Hoescht Celanese,並具有以下化學結
另一有用黃色螢光染料為DAY-GLO® D-304,其為噻嘮烯 化合物,售自Day-Glo Color公司,美國俄亥俄州克利夫蘭 市。另一有用橘色螢光染料為DAY-GLO® D-3 1 5,亦為噻噚 晞化合物,售自Day-Glo Color公司。 通常,至高2重量%,較佳為約0.01重量%至約1.0重量% 之染料係存在於本發明膜内。重量%乃基於本發明膜之全 部重量。染料負載超出此範圍可根據本發明使用,以達成 所要之顏色。例如,若染料加入較厚膜内,則較低染料負 載可提供相同可見效果。具有較高染料負載之物件通常較 同類型之具有較低染料負載之物件顯示更明亮螢光及較深 顏色。然而,具有高染料負載之物件會顯示自滅現象,當 染料分子吸收由她鄰染料分子射出之能量時,其會發生。 此自滅現象會造成螢光亮度上之不希望之降低。 具有過量染料之物件會變成不透明,或許是因為若干過 量染料可能尚未溶解於聚合基質内。對於需要本發明之物 件成為光透射之應用,如需要回射之應用,熟悉此技藝者 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) 應謹慎選擇適當染料負載,以致使實質上所有染料均溶解 於聚合基質中。對於不需要光透射之應用,如裝飾應用, 染料負載可能不如此重要,因為不透明性不成問題。 其他染料及顏料(不管螢光或非螢光)可加入本發明以調 整物件之顏色及外觀。但須小心選擇染料及顏料及其負 載,才不會實質上干擾螢光染料於物件中之性能。若回射 元件包含於本發明物件内時,染料或顏料不應不宜地損害 物件之透明度。若本發明物件具有減少之透明度,則其回 射性能亦可被不當地減少。 如所討論,許多技術論文已指出具有胺基之受阻胺光安 定劑(HALS)無法與聚氯乙烯相容。因此,使用某些HALS 以使本發明螢光著色PVC物件安定化,極令人驚訏。 在不受理論束縛下,一般相信所選定HALS,實質上無溶 劑聚氯乙烯主體基質,及所選定螢光染料於本發明中之組 合,可防止染料與聚氯乙婦間之尚未定義之降解及/或反 應,否則其會發生。就吾人所知,本發明之優點係經由本 文中所述實質上無溶劑聚氯乙晞基質,噻嘮婦螢光染料及 受阻胺光安定劑之組合而達成。 通常,在本發明物件中係包含至高約2重量%,較佳為約 0.05至約1.0重量% HALS。所用HALS之重量%係基於本發明 膜之全部重量。 本發明可用之例示市售HALS包括TINUVIN® 770, TINUVIN® 144 及 SANDUVOR®PR-31。 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(12 ) 具有化學式為雙-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4·六氫吡啶基)癸二酸 酯及分子量為約480克/莫耳之HALS,係包含二級胺,市售 為TINUVIN®770,得自Ciba-Geigy公司,並具有下列化學結 構:
CH3 此HALS具有兩個二級胺基,其中氮原子係結合至兩個碳 原子及一個氫原子。 具有化學式為雙-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4 -六氫吡啶基)-2 -正 丁基- 2-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基芊基)丙二酸酯及分子量 為約685克/莫耳之HALS,係含有三級胺,市售為TINUVIN® 144,得自Ciba-Geigy公司,並具有下列化學結構: h3c h3c
ch3 Η3° ch3 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(13 ) 具有化學式丙二酸,[(4 -甲氧苯基)-亞甲基]-雙-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-六氫吡啶基)酯及分子量約529克/莫耳 之HALS,係包含三級胺,市售為SANDUVOR® PR-3 1,得自 Clariant公司,並具有下列化學結構:
TINUVIN® 144及SANDUVOR® PR-3 1各具有兩個三級胺 基,其中氮原子係結合至三個碳原子。 製造方法 本發明膜可使用擠壓或壓延法製成。雖然此兩種方法均 可用來製告實質上扁平膜,惟其係藉由不同製程進行。擠 壓涉及在壓力下處理黏性熔融體,迫使其以連續液流通過 成形模,以形成膜。壓延係取得熔合黏性物質之質塊,將 其饋入在連續共旋轉平行輥對之間,以形成膜。擠壓具有 之優點為若想要立方體膜時,則離開擠製機之進料可直接 夾入具有立方體角凹口之模具中。另一方面,麼延具有之 優點為撓性PVC膜可使用此法以經濟方式製成。. 一種製造顯示耐久性顏色及勞光性質之物件之方法包括(a) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(14 ) 將實質上無溶劑聚氯乙烯樹脂、螢光染料及包含至少一個 二級或三級胺基且具有分子量低於1000克/莫耳之受阻胺光 安定劑合併成混合物;及(b)自此混合物形成物件。 通常,在擠壓方法中,聚合樹脂/染料/HALS混合物係首 先被翻滾混合在一起。聚合樹脂通常為小粒形式。將混合 物饋入擠製機内,於其中,隨著熱及螺桿之旋轉作用,將 混合物混合並改變成黏性熔融體。通常,使用具有許多加 熱區之擠製機。擠壓溫度應經選擇以熔解諸成份,但不能 太高而使其降解。當使用上述螢光染料及HALS時,適當擠 壓溫度範圍為約175 °C至約205 °C。通常,離開擠壓模口之 熔融體係被容許接觸鉻輥或磨光鑄輥以形成實質上扁平 膜。 必要時,使離開擠壓模口之熔融體接觸具有立方體角凹 口於其中之模具或器具。當熔融體被夬入模具中時,係形 成立方體角膜,較佳為具有最小底層及許多立方體角元 件,其底平面係毗鄰底層。參閱,例如,美國專利 5,450,23 5( Smith等人)及國際公告 WO 95/1 1464 (Benson等人) 關於製造立方體角片材方法之說明。擠壓為製造本發明立 方體膜之較佳方法。 立方體角元件可視情況經蒸氣塗覆金屬層,如蒸氣沉積 之鋁或銀,以增加回射性能。然而,蒸氣塗覆立方體角元 件會造成螢光立方體膜具有灰色外觀,這對某些應用是不 期望的。 在壓延法中,係將聚氯乙烯樹脂(通常呈粉末形式)、螢 -17- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 ____— B7 五、發明説明(15 ) 光染料及雙阻胺光安定劑加入混合單元中,供密集混合。 其他添加劑,如塑化劑、uv吸收劑、熱安定劑、填充劑及 潤滑劑可加入,以提供所要之物性及/或作為加工助劑。通 常,混合單70具有帶型刮刀,並可加夾套以提供加熱及冷 卻。在混合期間,PVC粉末會吸收添加劑,包括染料及 HALS,以形成粉末混合物。在密集混合後,粉末通常被冷 卻並饋入篩網以除去金屬,因為金屬粒子,若存在時,會 才貝害壓延輥 < 表面。經筛選之粉末混合物通常被饋入流出 單元供連續混合,造成混合物變成熔合黏性質塊,其為欲 被輸送至壓延輥之進料。壓延輥,通常為四個輥結構,可 被加熱。在製造本發明物件時,係將壓延輥加熱,以致使 其表面溫度範圍為約17〇t至約18〇。〇 (34〇至355卞)。輥之型 J亦可為重要因素。黏性溶合進料被饋入壓延機,於其中 形成膜或薄片,其膜厚係藉最後輥間之空隙所控制。 雖然此順序通常供壓延法用,惟可視所欲最後產物而作 各種改變。壓延為製造本發明膜之較佳方法,因為經濟效 率之故。 雖然習知技藝提供有關在高溫下Pvc之胺引致之脫氯化氮 作用,但本發明發現自壓延或擠壓(用高達2〇5。〇(355下)) 製成之PVC物件具有耐久性,如本文實例所示。 無論由擠壓或壓延製成之實質上扁平膜 存在之回射基底薄片,如立方髀角+ 上万&角為基礎或微球體為基礎 I薄片。通常,膜係被層合至回射基底薄片之前或第一主 表面’以製成根據本發明之新穎回射物件。例如,如圖2所 -18-
538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(16 ) 示’本體層26 ’通常實質上為扁平膜,係被層合至立方體 膜21之前或第一主表面25,以製成本發明之回射物件2〇。 同樣地,在圖3中,本體層36 ,通常實質上為扁平膜,係被 層合至微球體為基礎之回射基底薄片31之前或第一主表面 35’以製成本發明之回射物件3〇。 在一較佳具體實施例中,本發明膜被用作輻射熟化之立 方體角元件之載體。此等立方體角元件包含可藉自由基聚 合機制曝露至光化輻射,如電子束、紫外線或可見光而被 交聯之反應性樹脂。參閱美國專利5,45〇,235(Smith等人)及 國際公告W0 95/11464,關於此種反應性樹脂之實例。此反 應性樹脂較佳係在本發明膜上當場熟化。圖5顯示根據本發 明原理製成之本發明立方體角為基礎之回射物件7〇,揭示 於國際公告W0 95/11464,1995年4月27日,標題為“超撓性 回射立方體角複合片材及製造方法,,中。圖5之具體實施例 係經設計成適於順應波形及/或撓性表面之高撓性回射片 材。 如圖5所示,回射物件70包含許多實質上獨立之立方體角 元件72及具有兩個主面71與73之本體層76,立方體角元件 自第一主表面73凸出並具有零至最小底面。因此,此具㈣ 實施例基本上不具底層且立方體角元件之前表面75係對表 面73並置。在一較佳具體實施例中,本體層76實質上包人 無溶劑聚氯乙烯基質、螢光染料及受阻胺光安定劑(圖中$ 未示出)且為物件70之最外層。 實例 -19 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 ___ B7 五、發明説明(17 ) 提供下列實例係為說明本發明之不同具體實施例及細 節。雖然實例之目的在此,惟所用之特定成份及量與其他 條件及細節不得以不當地限制本發明範圍之方式作解釋。 所有百分比皆為重量百分比,除非另予指明。 力口速風化 為模擬以加速為基礎之戶外曝光,若干樣品根據由Astm G - 2 6 ’型式B ’方法A定義之循環曝露至加速風化。光源為 6500瓦水冷式氙弧裝置,其具有硼矽酸鹽内外濾器。光源 顯示輻射度為約〇·55瓦/米2。風化循環由102分鐘光線在黑 色嵌板(Black Panel)溫度(如試驗方法所定義)為約63 °C下, 接著18分鐘曝光同時使樣品接受去離子水喷霧所構成。 豐外線-可見OJV-Vis)吸收光譜皋 樣品中保留之螢光染料量係在樣品受風化作用前後,使 用UV-Vis光譜學,藉由測定主要染料吸收帶(456 nm)測得。 所用之例示UV-Vis光譜計為Shimadzu UV2101-PC型。 依照Beer定律,吸收度之減少係關於染料濃度之降低。 “百分比染料保持性”值係以經風化樣品中之尖峯吸收度對 最初未風化樣品之尖峯吸收度之比率計算而得。 下列縮寫係使用於實例中: 良寫 意義 pvc 聚氯乙烯主體基質 T-770 受阻胺光安定劑TINUVIN® 770 雙-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-六氫吡啶基)癸二酸酯 分子量為約480克/莫耳 售自 Ciba-Geigy公司,Hawthorne,NY。 -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明 T-144 (18 PR-31 T-622 C-944 T-440 C-3346 受阻胺光安定劑TINUVIN® 144 雙-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4 -六氫吡啶基)-2 -正丁 基-2-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基芊基)丙二酸酯 分子量為約685克/莫耳 售自Ciba-Geigy公司。 受阻胺光安定劑 丙二酸,[(4-甲氧苯基)-亞甲基]-雙-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-六氫吡啶基)酯 分子量為約529克/莫耳 售自 Clariant公司,Charlotte, NC。 受阻胺光安定劑TINUVIN® 622 具有4 -羥基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-六氫吡啶基乙醇 之琥珀酸二甲酯聚合物 分子量(Mn)約大於2,500克/莫耳 售自Ciba-Geigy公司。 受阻胺光安定劑CHIMASORB® 944FL 聚[6-[( 1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)胺基]-螺-三畊-2,4-二基][2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-六氫吡啶基)亞胺 基]六亞甲基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-六氫吡啶基) 亞胺基)] 分子量(Mn)約大於2,500克/莫耳 售自Ciba-Geigy公司。 受阻胺光安定劑TINUVIN® 440 低分子量酿化受阻胺 分子量為約435克/莫耳 售自Ciba-Geigy公司。 受阻胺光安定劑CYAS0RB® 3346 寡聚受阻胺 分子量(Mn)約大於1,600克/莫耳 售自 American Cynamid公司。 -21 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(19 ) S063 嘍哼烯橘色螢光染料HOSTASOL® RED GG ; 141^-蒽[2,1,9-〇11^]4哼烯-14-酮; 售自 Hoechst Celanese, Charlotte,NC 〇 SY98 噻呤婦黃色螢光染料HOSTASOL® YELLOW 3G N-辛癸基-苯并[k,1]嘍噚婦-3,4-二羧醯亞胺 售自 Hoechst Celanese公司。 D-304 噻嘮烯黃色螢光染料DAY-GLO® 304 ; 售自 Day-Glo Color公司,Cleveland, OH。 D-315 噻哼烯橘色螢光染料DAY-GLO® 315 ; D-838 售自 Day-Glo Color公司。 香豆素螢光POTOMAC YELLOW™ D-838染料 售自 Day-Glo Color公司。 RED FB E 口比啶酮螢光紅色染料FLUORESCENT RED FB™ RED 5B 售自 Keystone Aniline公司,Chicago,IL。 硫化靛藍螢光紅色染料HOSTASOL® RED 5B C.I·(顏色指數)Vat Red 41 售自 Hoechst Celanese公司 β 實例1 具有厚度為約0.089毫米(0.0035英吋)至約0.11毫米(0.0045 英吋)之聚氯乙烯膜,係按下述製成。將PVC樹脂(含有UV 吸收劑之調配物S00354,得自Alpha化學塑膠公司)與約 0.2% S063螢光染料及約0.5% T-770 HALS混合。將樹脂/染 料/ HALS混合物翻滾混合。然後,使用具有5個設定在約 175,205,205,175及175°C下之加熱區帶與設定在約180°C 下之膜模口之單螺桿擠製機,將混合物擠製成實質扁平 膜。此擠製機為(3/4)英忖單螺桿81^5611(161:擠製機,其具 有磨光鍍鉻輥。 -22- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明㊇ ) 使樣品接受100小時風化,數據報告於表1及2中。 實例2與3,及比較例A至E皆根據實例i製成,但用不同 HALS或不用HALS,如表1所述。使樣品接受1〇〇小時加速 風化,數據報告於表1中。 表1 含S063螢光染料及各種HALS之擠製PVC膜 實例編號 HALS 染料保持百分屯 100小時風化後 1 T-770 55 一 2 T-144 66 一 3 PR-31 61 _. 比較例A T-622 — - 9 一 比較例B C-944 14 一 比較例C T-440 11 _. 比較例D C-3346 -----Z---------- 15 一 比較例E 無 ------ ___ 7 ____ 正如自表1之結果可見者,未具有任何H a L S之樣品(比 較例E )係表現最差,因為幾乎所有染料均已自薄膜耗盡。 具有分子量超過1000克/莫耳之HALS (比較例A,B及D)在 螢光染料之安定化方面確實很差。具有分子量為435克/莫 耳之比較例C性能不佳,因為其未含至少一個二級或三級胺 基。 除了如表2所示使用不同螢光染料以外,根據實例1製造 實例4至6。除非另予指明,否則係使樣品接受1〇〇小時加速 風化,數據報告於表2中。
根據實例1製造比較例E至N,但使用表2所示具有HALS -23- 本紙張尺度適用中國S家標準(CNS) A4規格(21GX 297公爱)" ---- ^ 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(21 ) 及不具HALS之不同螢光染料。 除非特別指明,否則係使樣品接受100小時加速風化,數 據報告於表2中。 表2 含有各種螢光染料具有及不具有HALS之ί 濟製PVC膜 實例編號 螢光染料 所用之HALS 染料保持百分比 1 S063 T-770 55 4a SY98 T-770 56 5 D-304 T-770 56 6a D-315 T-770 39 比較例E S063 無 7 比較例Fa SY98 無 37 比較例G D-304 無 35 比較例Ha D-315 無 17 比較例I D-838 T-770 9 比較例J RED FB T-770 13 比較例Kb RED 5B T-770 5 比較例L D-838 無 18 比較例Μ RED FB 無 25 比較例Nb RED 5B 無 3 a使樣品接受200小時加速風化 b使樣品接受50小時加速風化 如表2所示,含有噻噚烯螢光染料與T-770 HALS之本發明 樣品(實例1,4,5及6 )性能超過不含噻呤烯螢光染料而用 相同T-770 HALS安定化之樣品(比較例I,J及K)。含有4 崎烯螢光染料但不含HALS之樣品(比較例E,F,G及Η ), 並未像含有HALS者(實例1,4,5及6 ) —樣良好地保持染 -24- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明(22 ) 料。最後,將比較例I,J及K與比較例L,Μ及N比較後, 顯示非噻哼晞螢光染料樣品未保持其顏色,即使使用HALS 亦然。因此,在此情況下,使用HALS,即使其為較佳 HALS亦無效 實例7 使用試驗規模之壓延法製造聚氯乙烯膜如下。將PVC粉與 約0.2% SY98螢光染料及約0.5% T-770 HALS混合。加入其 他添加劑如UV吸收劑、熱安定劑、塑化劑、潤滑劑及填充 劑,無論是作為加工助劑或幫助製造撓性PVC膜。將混合 物饋經粗濾器以除去存在之金屬。將混合物連續混合以形 成熔合質塊、研磨及饋經全部在約177°C ( 350°F )下加熱之 輥,以形成約0.13毫米至約0.15毫米(0.005至0.006英吋)厚之 本發明膜。使樣品接受400小時之加速風化,數據報告於下 表3中。 比較例Ο 除了未將HALS加入PVC粉中之外,根據實例7製造壓延 PVC膜。使樣品接受400小時加速風化,數據報告於表3 中〇 表3 含有SY98螢光染料之壓延PVC膜 實例編號 HALS 螢光染料 染料保持百分比 (400小時後) 7 T-770 SY98 76 比較例0 無 SY98 1.3 如表3所示,含有螢光染料及HALS之本發明壓延PVC膜 性能明顯超過未含HALS之樣品。 -25- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 538123 A7 B7 五、發明説明户 使實例4與其比較相對例(比較例E)曝露至400小時之加速 風化,數據報告於表4中。 表4 含有SY98螢光染料之擠製PVC膜 實例編號 HALS 螢光染料 染料保持百分比 (400小時後) 4 T-770 SY98 29 比較例E 無 SY98 9 如表4所示,含有螢光染料及HALS之本發明擠製PVC膜 性能超過未含有HALS之樣品。 本文所引述之所有參考資料皆以其全文併入供參考。 -26- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 538123 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 含有至少一個二級或三級胺並具有分子量低於1000克 /莫耳之芡阻胺光安定劑組合成混合物,·及 (b)自該混合物形成物件。 9.=中請專利範圍第1項之物件,其中根據物件之全部 ! ’該物件最多包含約2重量%嘍。号烯螢光染料。 申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中根據物件之 里’该物件最多包含約2重量0/〇 口塞气缔勞光染料。 中請專利範圍豹項之物件,其中根據 重!’該物件最多包含約2重量%受阻胺光王邵 12.根據中請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中 重量,該物件最多包含约2重量%受阻胺光王邵 -28-
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US08/956,332 US6110566A (en) | 1997-10-23 | 1997-10-23 | Stabilization of fluorescent dyes in vinyl articles using hindered amine light stabilizers |
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EP (1) | EP1025156B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2001520293A (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN1139628C (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2308253C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69809280T2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW538123B (zh) |
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2005
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KR100518493B1 (ko) | 2005-10-05 |
JP5280663B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
US20030104235A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
AU6666098A (en) | 1999-05-10 |
US7449514B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
US20060292347A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
CA2308253C (en) | 2007-05-22 |
EP1025156B1 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
US20050213213A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
CN1278841A (zh) | 2001-01-03 |
US7468406B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
US6406798B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
DE69809280T2 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
EP1025156A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
US20010046607A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
CA2308253A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
KR20010031358A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
US6526588B2 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
US6110566A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
DE69809280D1 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
CN1139628C (zh) | 2004-02-25 |
JP2001520293A (ja) | 2001-10-30 |
JP2008063579A (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
WO1999020688A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
US20020090530A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
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