TW212144B - Process for the recovery of rhodium from residues of carbonylation reactions - Google Patents

Process for the recovery of rhodium from residues of carbonylation reactions Download PDF

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TW212144B
TW212144B TW82101425A TW82101425A TW212144B TW 212144 B TW212144 B TW 212144B TW 82101425 A TW82101425 A TW 82101425A TW 82101425 A TW82101425 A TW 82101425A TW 212144 B TW212144 B TW 212144B
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carboxylic acid
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methanol
rhodium
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Peter Lappe
Helmut Springer
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Hoechst Ag
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/04Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G55/00Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/20Carbonyls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/40Regeneration or reactivation
    • B01J31/4015Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
    • B01J31/4023Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J31/4038Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/54Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides
    • C07C51/573Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/048Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/009General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/30Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
    • B01J2231/34Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/822Rhodium
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Description

212144 a6 ___B6___ 五、發明説明(1 ) (請先閲坨背而之注-於項再塡寫本頁) 本發明係關於自碳醯化反應殘渣回收铑之方法。碳醯 化一詞通常指在有機化合物內引進碳醯基。某些最重要的 碳醯化,亦在工業上進行者,是利用烯烴與一氧化碳和氫 合成醛,以及利用醇類和/或酯類和/或醚類與一氧化碳 反應,合成竣酸和羧酸酐。此等碳醯化通常只在催化反應 的碳醯絡金屬和碳醯錯合物存在下,做爲插入反應進行。 於本發明文脈中,碳醯化係指甲醇和/或乙酸甲酯和 /或二甲醚,與一氧化碳的反應。在此情況下產生乙酸和 乙酸酐,一方面使用碳醯絡鈷觸媒連同碘轉化劑,另方面 使用碳醯絡铑觸媒連同碘促進劑,由甲醇和一氧化碳製造 乙酸,已載於Ullmann氏「工業化學百科」第5版A1卷 47 — 50 頁,VCH 出版社,Weinheim (1985)。在同書 72 — 74 頁簡述乙酐的製造,是由乙酸甲酯或二甲醚在姥和鎳化合 物存在下反應,利用適用觸媒甲基碘、碘化氫、Li I、12 或其他碘化物加以活化。雖然,乙酸甲酯的碳醯化直接導 至乙酐,但二甲醚與一氧化碳的反應先形成乙酸甲酯,再 與一氧化碳重新反應,而轉化成乙酐。 經濟部中央標準局R工消費合作社印製 碳醯化製成的物質混合物,利用蒸餾加工,原先使用 的碳醯化觸媒集於蒸餾造成的殘渣內。由殘渣回收金屬, 尤其是铑,是整個製程的重要部份。 歐洲專利0210017 A1係關於酯類和醚類在碘化物存在 下,以铑/鋰催化碳酿化產生的殘渣回收铑之方法。殘渣 是用醇,尤其是三級醇,諸如三級丁醇或三級戊醇、羧酸 或羧酸酯,提高溫度處理,在此情況下,固體析出,實際 本紙張尺度適用中國0家桴準(CNS)甲4規格(210 X 297公货) 212144_μ_ 五、發明説明(2 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再is寫本頁) 上完全含有铑’錯合物。爲分離念狀成份,析出的固體使用 特殊溶劑,例如烷類、環烷類或醚類萃取。 使用初級或二級醇析出含姥固體,會大爲降低铑回收 率〇 歐洲專利0240703號係關於使用Ci-4醚類和醇類,利 用液體對液體萃取,自乙酸甲酯和/或二甲醚的碳醯化所 製成受汚染觸媒溶液,脫離有機殘渣,而回收铑之方法。 醚相再以碘和/或甲基碘處理,在此過程中分離析出的觸 媒錯合物,並利用蒸餾分離有機相。 此法已獲證實,但需較高耗費。 德國專利32 08 060 A1記載自碳醯化反應殘渣回收貴 金屬的方法,殘渣先在第一階段用醇,最好是甲醇處理: 再除去不高於25。(:的低沸點物。於剩餘殘渣加胺,使用鹵 酸多次萃取分離铑。此法需要許多加工步驟,在眞空下利 用蒸餾分離低沸點物,需要高度費用的設備。此外,使用 鹵酸萃取有其缺點,因爲必須順從鹵酸和鹵化溶劑處理的 方向。 經濟部中央標準局R工消費合作社印奴 所以,本發明之目的在於提供一種製法,可免上述缺 點,可以簡單方式在工業上實施,使用習知輔助材料,而 且確保铑回收率高。 此目的係利用自甲醇和/或乙酸甲酯和/或二甲琴的 碳醯化所製成含乙酐的殘渣回收铑之方法達成,包括:於 殘渣添加C2-5羧酸,將殘渣和添加的羧酸加熱至3〇- 100 °C,按每莫耳乙酐加1 一丨〇莫耳甲醇,在乙酐與甲醇反應 2 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)肀4规格(210 X 297公釐) 212144 Λ6 B6 經濟部中央標準局8工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(3 ) 後,利用蒸餾除去比羧酸更易沸騰的成份,冷却至溫度< 50 °C,分離析出的含铑固體。 甲醇和/或乙酸甲酯和/或二甲醚經碳醯化生成的殘 渣,除次要量的高沸點成份外,宜含主要成份的乙酸和乙 酐。殘渣含10 — 60%重量的乙酐,尤指15 — 50%,而以20 -40%爲佳。此外,殘渣具有較低量之铑,2〇〇 — 2〇〇〇 ppm,尤指 250 — 1500 ppm,以 280 — 1000 ppm 爲佳。於 殘渣添加羧酸量,是使殘渣含铑爲10 — 150 ppm,尤指30 —120 ppm,以 50 — 100 ppm 爲佳。 適當羧酸爲乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、異丁酸、正戊酸、 2 —甲基丁酸和3 ~甲基丁酸。乙酸爲特別適用的羧酸。 殘渣連同添加的羧酸再加熱至30 — 100 °C,尤指35 — 90 °C,以40 — 80 °C爲佳。再對受熱的殘渣連同添加的羧酸 ,添加甲醇。所需甲醇量係基於殘渣內存在的乙酐量。每 莫耳乙酐添加1 _ 10莫耳甲醇,尤指1.5 — 7莫耳,最好 是2_6莫耳甲醇。 混合物再反應至乙酐反應到充分程度。較羧酸更易沸 騰的成份,即乙酸甲酯,還可能有過量甲醇,即利用蒸餾 分離。蒸餾可在50 — 200 °C的提升溫度進行。 較羧酸更易沸騰的成份分離後,蒸餾殘渣冷却至溫度 < 50 ·(:,尤指40 °C,以S 35 °C爲佳,而以S 30 °C特佳。 冷却後,產生含姥沉析物,其組成物尙未正確明瞭。 顯然爲金屬姥和铑錯合物的混合物,除一氧化碳和碘化物 外,另含有含磷配合基,尤指三烷基膦。過濾後,此沉析 3 各紙張尺度適用中因《家標準(CNS)甲4规恪(2i〇 x 297公釐) (請先閲讀背而之注念事項再塡寫本頁) —裝· ,^τ. 乂 212144 A6 B6 五、發明説明(4 ) 物可利用乙酸和三烷基膦或三烷基鹵化膦,添加一氧化碳 ,在60 — 90 °C短時間內,轉化成溶化型,正好在反應器留 下金屬壁膜。所得溶液即可做爲觸媒回到碳醯化製程。 以下實施例用以支持而非限制本發明。 實施例 含3 30 ppm鍺和0.131莫耳乙酐的0.50克殘渣,置放 於圓底燒瓶內,攪拌中添加187.9克乙酸。由此所得均質 混合物加熱至40 °C,在15分鐘過程中加8.4克(0.262莫 耳)甲醇。混合物在攪拌中又反應60分鐘,再蒸餾至1〇9 °C (在蒸餾單元k部測得),除去低沸點餾份。生成32.2 克蒸餾物。殘渣冷却至20 °C,並攪拌20小時。析出的含姥 固體再利用過濾分離。1.33毫克铑,即原用姥的8·1 %重 量,仍均質溶入生成的母液內。 濾除的固體回到圓底燒瓶,加60.0克乙酸和6.〇克甲 基三正丁基碘化_,混合物在80 °C攪拌60分鐘,通入一氧 化碳。生成清澈的均質溶液,铑含量14.65毫克,相當於 原用铑量的88.8%重量。 ------1-1----.------产------裝------··.玎------^ (請先閲讀背而之注念^-項再塡寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 *' 4 〜 衣紙張又度適用中S®家桴準(CNS)甲4规格(210 X 297公货)

Claims (1)

  1. A7 会 B7 C7 D7 六、申請專利範園 (靖先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (T一種自甲醇和/或乙酸甲酯和/或二甲醚的碳醯化 所生成含乙酐殘渣回收铑之方法,包括於殘渣添加C2-5竣 酸,將殘渣和添加的羧酸加熱至30— 1〇〇 »c,按每莫耳乙 酐添加1 一 10莫耳,在乙酐與甲醇反應之後,利用蒸餾除 去較羧酸更易沸騰的成份,冷却至幺50 °C,並分離除去析 出之含姥固體者。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,殘渣含10 _ 60%重量的乙軒,尤指15 — 50%,而以20 — 40%爲佳者。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,殘渣含2〇〇 裝· —20 00 ppm 鍺,尤指 250 -1500 ppm,而以 28 0 — 1000 ppm爲佳者。 4如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,羧酸添加於 殘渣,使殘渣含10 — 150 ppm铑,尤指3〇 _ 12〇 ppm,而 以50 — 10 0 ppm爲佳者。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,所用羧酸爲 乙酸者。 . 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,殘渣和添加 之駿酸,加熱至35 — 90 °C,尤指40 — 80 °C者。 蛭濟部中央螵準局貝工消費合作社印製 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,每莫耳乙軒 添加1.5 - 7莫耳甲醇,尤指2 - 6莫耳者。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,較羧酸更易 沸騰的成份’可能過量使用之乙酸甲酯和甲醇,是利用蒸 飽除去者。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,較羧酸更易 5 297 公» ) 本紙張又度適間中β國家襟竿(CNS)甲4规格(210 A7 B7 212144 C7 _D7_ 六、申請專利範圍 沸騰的成份分離除去後,混合物冷却至< 40 °C,尤指S 35 °C,最好是< 30 °C者。| -------— -------/----^----裝------#.少 嫌 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁) 經濟部中央螵準局員工消費合作社印製 6 本紙張尺度適用中國因家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210 X 297公釐)
TW82101425A 1992-03-27 1993-02-27 Process for the recovery of rhodium from residues of carbonylation reactions TW212144B (en)

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DE19924210027 DE4210027A1 (de) 1992-03-27 1992-03-27 Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Rhodium aus Rückständen von Carbonylierungsreaktionen

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BE1030097B1 (nl) 2021-12-24 2023-07-25 Indaver Nv Werkwijze voor het optimaliseren van vloeibare farmacochemische en/of fijnchemische afvalstoffen omvattende organische solventen en edelmetalen

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JPH0641653A (ja) 1994-02-15
CA2092049C (en) 2000-10-31
EP0564862A1 (de) 1993-10-13
KR930019557A (ko) 1993-10-18
KR100251252B1 (ko) 2000-04-15
MX9301572A (es) 1993-11-01
DE4210027A1 (de) 1993-09-30
BR9301283A (pt) 1993-10-05
AU3545193A (en) 1993-09-30
AU656844B2 (en) 1995-02-16
JPH0784629B2 (ja) 1995-09-13
ZA931987B (en) 1993-10-19
CN1077908A (zh) 1993-11-03
CA2092049A1 (en) 1993-09-28

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