TW202128800A - 丙烯酸烷酯化合物- 氰乙烯化合物- 芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物, 彼之製法, 及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
丙烯酸烷酯化合物- 氰乙烯化合物- 芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物, 彼之製法, 及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202128800A TW202128800A TW109139900A TW109139900A TW202128800A TW 202128800 A TW202128800 A TW 202128800A TW 109139900 A TW109139900 A TW 109139900A TW 109139900 A TW109139900 A TW 109139900A TW 202128800 A TW202128800 A TW 202128800A
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- compound
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- graft copolymer
- alkyl acrylate
- aromatic vinyl
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- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- -1 alkyl acrylate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 9
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920002877 acrylic styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.CCC(CO)(CO)CO GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VVSMKOFFCAJOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dodecylbenzene;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VVSMKOFFCAJOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical group COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triallylamine Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)CC=C VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethenoxyethoxy)-2-ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC=C AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSZOCHFYWWVSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-ethenylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1C=C SSZOCHFYWWVSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQJQPCJDKBKSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-ethenylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 KQJQPCJDKBKSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGGLDBIZIQMEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WGGLDBIZIQMEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOVQCIDBZXNFEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-ethenylbenzene Chemical group ClC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 BOVQCIDBZXNFEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical group ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEOXIOXMKNFLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(CC=C)C=C1 WAEOXIOXMKNFLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPIZGPBYCHTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxymethyl)butoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCC(CC)(COCCOC(=O)C=C)COCCOC(=O)C=C MTPIZGPBYCHTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISRGONDNXBCDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorostyrene Chemical group ClC1=CC=CC=C1C=C ISRGONDNXBCDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGRXEBOFWPLEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C JGRXEBOFWPLEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBKNKFIRGXQLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroethenylbenzene Chemical group FC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KBKNKFIRGXQLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWBTVJBDFTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropylperoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COOCC(C)C TVWBTVJBDFTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVONJMOVBKMLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenebutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(=C)C#N TVONJMOVBKMLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIMKOWRGBSGWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfinoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS(O)=O IIMKOWRGBSGWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIISIZOQPWZPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BIISIZOQPWZPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical group CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BODRLKRKPXBDBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CC(C)(C)C BODRLKRKPXBDBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCMZKOAOMQSOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-methylidenebutanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C(=C)C#N CCMZKOAOMQSOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQEFPXSNRRKUHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpent-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 GQEFPXSNRRKUHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- SPTHWAJJMLCAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-M ctk4f8481 Chemical compound [O-]O.CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C SPTHWAJJMLCAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASWCTFTZHOACJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dodecylbenzene;sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BASWCTFTZHOACJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCFQUKBBGYTJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C SCFQUKBBGYTJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C=C ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- HSJXWMZKBLUOLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HSJXWMZKBLUOLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PFMVLFSAAABWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O PFMVLFSAAABWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXHCOXPZCUFAJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HXHCOXPZCUFAJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical group C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinic acid Chemical compound OS=O BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係關於丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,彼之製法,及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物。更具體而言,本發明係關於包含下列者之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物:種子,其係藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造;核,其係形成以環繞該種子且係藉由聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造;以及,接枝殼,其係形成以環繞該核且係藉由聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物所製造,其中,該多官能交聯劑之重量平均分子量為600至1,400 g/mol;該丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之製法;以及,包含該丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之熱塑性樹脂組成物。
根據本發明,可提供具有優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性以及機械性質之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,彼之製法,及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物。
Description
本發明係關於丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、彼之製法、及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物。更特別的是,本發明係關於具有優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質諸如衝擊強度及伸長率、以及加工性之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物;該丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之製法;以及含該丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之熱塑性樹脂組成物。
為丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物之ABS樹脂具有優異的耐衝擊性、剛性、化學抗性、及加工性,因而已用於各種領域諸如電氣及電子組件、建築、及汽車組件。然而,由於丁二烯橡膠聚合物用於製造ABS樹脂,ABS樹脂因其不良耐候性之故而於塗裝之後使用。於此,塗裝(painting)會導致環境污染。此外,難以回收塗裝之產品,且其耐久性(durability)可能劣化。
為解決該等問題,已研發含有交聯之丙烯酸烷酯橡膠聚合物但不含造成紫外線引發之老化(aging)的烯系不飽和聚合物(ethylenically unsaturated polymer)之ASA樹脂(丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物)。ASA樹脂具有優異的耐候性、衝擊強度、及染色性(colorability),但缺點在於其外觀性質諸如光澤(gloss)係遜於塗裝之ABS樹脂(painted ABS resin)的外觀性質。此外,對於具有高耐候性之ASA樹脂的需求日增。
因此,根據消費者的需求,需要研發具有優異的耐候性、外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、以及機械性質之ASA樹脂。
[相關技術文件]
[專利文件]
KR 2010-0060790 A
[技術問題]
因此,已鑒於上述問題完成本發明,本發明之一個目的係提供具有優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物。
本發明另一個目的係提供丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之製法。
本發明又另一個目的係提供包含丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之熱塑性樹脂組成物。
上述及其他目的可藉由下述之本揭示內容完成。
[技術方案]
根據本發明一個態樣,提供包含下列者之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物:種子(seed),其係藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物(alkyl acrylate compound)、芳族乙烯基化合物(aromatic vinyl compound)、及氰乙烯化合物(vinyl cyanide compound)所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑(multifunctional crosslinking agent)所製造;核(core),其係形成以環繞該種子且係藉由聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造;以及,接枝殼(graft shell),其係形成以環繞該核且係藉由聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物所製造,其中,該多官能交聯劑之重量平均分子量為600至1,400 g/mol。
根據本發明另一態樣,提供製造丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之方法,該方法包含:種子聚合步驟(seed polymerization step),藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑來製造種子;核聚合步驟,藉由在該種子存在下聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑來製造核;以及,接枝殼聚合步驟,藉由在該核存在下聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物來製造接枝殼,其中,該多官能交聯劑之重量平均分子量為600至1,400 g/mol。
根據本發明又另一態樣,提供包含下列者之熱塑性樹脂組成物:15至65重量%之該丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物;0至30重量%之含有平均粒徑為50至300 nm之丙烯酸酯橡膠(acrylate rubber)作為核的丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物;以及,30至70重量%之基質樹脂(matrix resin)。
根據本發明又另一態樣,提供使用該熱塑性樹脂組成物製造的模製物件。
[有利效果]
由前文可知,本發明有利地提供具有優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物;彼之製法;以及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物。
下文將詳細說明根據本發明之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、彼之製法、及含彼之熱塑性樹脂組成物。
本案發明人確認,於製造丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物時,將預定之多官能交聯劑添加至構成該接枝共聚物的種子及核時,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質諸如衝擊強度(impact strength)及伸長率(elongation rate)、以及加工性獲得改善。基於該等結果,本案發明人進行進一步研究以完成本發明。丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物
本發明之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物包含:種子,其係藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造;核,其係形成以環繞該種子且係藉由聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造;以及,接枝殼,其係形成以環繞該核且係藉由聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物所製造。於該情況下,該多官能交聯劑具有600至1,400 g/mol之重量平均分子量。於該情況下,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性可為優異的。
茲將詳細說明構成本發明之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物(下文稱為「接枝共聚物」)的各組分。[1]
種子
例如,種子可藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑而製造。於該情況下,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性可為優異的。
作為一具體實例,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,種子可為藉由聚合1至20重量%、較佳為3至15重量%、更佳為5至10重量%之一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物和0.005至0.1重量份、較佳為0.01至0.08重量份、更佳為0.02至0.06重量份之多官能交聯劑所製造的橡膠聚合物。於該等範圍內,種子橡膠之交聯網狀結構(crosslinking network)可改善,從而獲致優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性。
本說明書中,單體係指接枝共聚物中所含之芳族乙烯基化合物、氰乙烯化合物、及丙烯酸烷酯化合物。
本說明書中,「重量%」為表示以總共100重量%之製造種子、核、以及接枝殼時所進料的丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物為基準計之組分的重量之單位。「重量份」為表示以總共100重量份之丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物為基準計之組分的重量之單位。
本說明書中,100重量份之接枝共聚物意指100重量份之最終獲得的接枝共聚物,總共100重量份之種子、核、及接枝殼單體,或總共100重量份之製造接枝共聚物時所進料之單體。
本說明書中,多官能交聯劑係指具有三或更多官能基之化合物,其可藉由與聚合物或單體反應而鍵聯,以及可用以交聯(crosslink)聚合物之鏈。
例如,種子可具有50至500 nm、較佳為100至400 nm、更佳為150至300 nm之平均粒徑。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、耐候性、及光澤可為優異的。
本說明書中,平均粒徑可藉由動態光散射(dynamic light scattering)測量。具體而言,平均粒徑可利用Nicomp 380粒度分析儀(particle size analyzer)以高斯模式(Gaussian mode)使用呈乳膠形式(latex form)之樣本測量,且可意指藉由動態光散射測量之粒度分布(particle size distribution)中的算數平均粒徑(arithmetic average particle diameter),具體而言,散射強度(scattering intensity)之平均粒徑。
例如,多官能交聯劑可具有600至1,400 g/mol、較佳為650至1,200 g/mol、更佳為650至1,100 g/mol之重量平均分子量。在該範圍內,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性可為優異的。
本說明書中,重量平均分子量可於40℃使用四氫呋喃(THF)作為析出液(eluate)利用填充多孔矽石(作為管柱填充材料)之凝膠滲透層析(gel permeation chromatograph) (GPC)測量。於該情況,獲得為聚苯乙烯標準品(PS)試樣之相對值的重量平均分子量。
例如,多官能交聯劑可具有3或更多官能基,較佳為3至10個官能基,更佳為3至5個官能基,又更佳為3個官能基。在該範圍內,可獲致優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性。
例如,種子可為使用選自由乳化劑、接枝劑(grafting agent)、引發劑、及電解質(electrolyte)所組成之群組之一或多者所製造的橡膠聚合物(rubber polymer)。於該情況下,衝擊強度、伸長率、耐候性、光澤、及染色性可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,種子可為含有0.03至0.25重量份、較佳0.05至0.2重量份之乳化劑(emulsifier)的橡膠聚合物。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、耐候性、及光澤可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,種子可包含0.01至3重量份、較佳為0.01至1重量份、更佳為0.01至0.5重量份之接枝劑。在該範圍內,接枝聚合物之接枝度(grafting degree)可改善,以及其他物理性質亦可改善。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,種子可包含0.01至3重量份、較佳為0.03至2重量份、更佳為0.03至1重量份之引發劑(initiator)。在該範圍內,衝擊強度及耐候性可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,種子可包含0.05至1重量份、較佳為0.1至0.7重量份之電解質。在該範圍內,聚合安定性及乳膠安定性(latex stability)可改善。[2]
核
例如,核可藉由在種子的存在下聚合(polymerizing)丙烯酸烷酯化合物和多官能交聯劑而製造。於該情況下,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質、以及加工性可為優異的。
作為一具體實例,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,核可藉由聚合35至65重量%、較佳為40至60重量%、更佳為45至55重量%之丙烯酸烷酯化合物和0.04至0.8重量份、較佳為0.06至0.6重量份、更佳為0.08至0.3重量份之多官能交聯劑而製造。於該等範圍內,橡膠組分之交聯網狀結構可改善,從而獲致優異的外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、以及機械性質。
核中所含之多官能交聯劑可如同用以製造種子的多官能交聯劑。
例如,含種子之核可具有300至700 nm、較佳為350至600 nm、更佳為350至500 nm、又更佳為400至500 nm之平均粒徑(此處,由於核含有種子,核之平均粒徑大於種子之平均粒徑)。在該範圍內,外觀性質諸如染色性以及機械性質可為優異的。當核具有低於上述範圍之平均粒徑時,衝擊強度會降低。當核具有超出上述範圍之平均粒徑時,外觀性質諸如染色性會劣化。
作為一較佳實例,多官能交聯劑包含於種子及核中,而不包含於接枝殼中。於該情況下,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、以及機械性質可為優異的。
例如,核可為使用選自由乳化劑、接枝劑、及引發劑所組成之群組之一或多者的橡膠聚合物。於該情況下,衝擊強度、伸長率、耐候性、光澤、及染色性可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,核可包含0.2至1重量份、較佳為0.5至0.7重量份之乳化劑。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、耐候性、及光澤可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,核可包含0.1至1.0重量份、較佳為0.2至0.7重量份之接枝劑。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、耐候性、及光澤可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,核可包含0.01至1重量份、較佳為0.05至0.7重量份之引發劑。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、耐候性、及光澤可為優異的。[3]
接枝殼
例如,接枝殼可藉由於核的存在下聚合(polymerizing)芳族乙烯基化合物和氰乙烯化合物而製造。於該情況下,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、機械性質諸如衝擊強度及伸長率、以及加工性可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,接枝殼可包含30至60重量%、較佳為35至55重量%、更佳為40至50重量%之芳族乙烯基化合物及氰乙烯化合物。在該範圍內,可獲得適當接枝率(grafting rate),以及耐衝擊性(impact resistance)和耐候性(weather resistance)可改善。
例如,以殼之總重為基準計,接枝殼可包含60至80重量%之芳族乙烯基化合物及20至40重量%之氰乙烯化合物,較佳為65至75重量%之芳族乙烯基化合物及25至35重量%之氰乙烯化合物。在該範圍內,可獲得適當接枝率,以及耐衝擊性和耐候性可改善。
例如,接枝殼不包含多官能交聯劑。
例如,包含核之接枝殼可具有400至800 nm、較佳為450至650 nm、更佳為500至600 nm之平均粒徑(此處,由於接枝殼包含核,接枝殼之平均粒徑大於核之平均粒徑)。在該範圍內,外觀性質諸如染色性及光澤、機械性質、以及加工性可為優異的。
例如,接枝殼可為使用選自由引發劑、乳化劑、及電解質所組成之群組之一或多者所製造的聚合物。於該情況下,衝擊強度、伸長率、耐候性、光澤、及染色性可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,引發劑於接枝殼中之含量可為0.05至1重量份、較佳為0.1至0.5重量份。在該範圍內,聚合可容易進行,從而改善衝擊強度及耐候性。
例如,以總共100重量份之用於製造接枝共聚物的單體為基準計,乳化劑於接枝殼中之含量可為0.01至3重量份、較佳為0.5至2重量份。在該範圍內,聚合可容易進行,從而改善衝擊強度及耐候性。
例如,以100重量份之接枝共聚物為基準計,電解質於接枝殼中之含量可為0.005至0.4重量份、較佳為0.05至0.2重量份。在該範圍內,聚合可容易進行,從而改善衝擊強度及耐候性。
作為本發明之引發劑,可使用本發明相關領域中常用的任何引發劑而無特別限制。例如,可使用水溶性引發劑、脂溶性引發劑、或其混合物。
例如,水溶性引發劑可包含選自由下列所組成之群組中之一或多者:過硫酸鈉、過硫酸鉀、過硫酸銨、過磷酸鉀(potassium superphosphate)、及過氧化氫,但不限於此。
例如,脂溶性引發劑可包含選自由下列所組成之群組中之一或多者:過氧化三級丁基(t-butyl peroxide)、氫過氧化異丙苯(cumene hydroperoxide)、氫過氧化對甲烷(p-methane hydroperoxide)、過氧化二-三級丁基(di-t-butyl peroxide)、過氧化三級丁基異丙苯基(t-butyl cumyl peroxide)、過氧化乙醯基(acetyl peroxide)、過氧化異丁基(isobutyl peroxide)、過氧化辛醯基(octanoyl peroxide)、過氧化二苯甲醯(dibenzoyl peroxide)、氫過氧化二異丙苯(diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide)、過氧化3,5,5-三甲基己醇(3,5,5-trimethylhexanol peroxide)、三級丁基過氧異丁酸酯(t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate)、偶氮雙異丁腈(azobisisobutyronitrile)、偶氮雙-2,4-二甲基戊腈(azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)、偶氮雙環己烷腈(azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile)、及偶氮雙(異丁酸甲基) (azobis(isobutyric acid methyl)),但不限於此。
作為一較佳實例,於本發明之種子製造步驟及/或核製造步驟中,可使用水溶性引發劑。於該等步驟中使用水溶性引發劑時,反應速率受控制以使可容易製造具有所欲大小之聚合物。
作為另一較佳實例,於接枝殼共聚物製造步驟中,可使用脂溶性引發劑。於該步驟中使用脂溶性引發劑時,可獲致高聚合速率,從而提高樹脂之生產力。
本說明書中,例如,電解質可包含選自由下列所組成之群組之一或多者:KCl、NaCl、KHCO3
、NaHCO3
、K2
CO3
、Na2
CO3
、KHSO3
、NaHSO3
、K4
P2
O7
、Na4
P2
O7
、K3
PO4
、Na3
PO4
、K2
HPO4
、Na2
HPO4
、KOH、NaOH、及Na2
S2
O7
,但不限於此。
本說明書中,可使用含具有二或更多不同反應性之不飽和乙烯基的化合物作為接枝劑。例如,接枝劑可包含選自由甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(allyl methacrylate)、三聚異氰酸三烯丙酯(triallyl isocyanurate)、三烯丙基胺(triallylamine)、及二烯丙基胺(diallylamine)所組成之群組之一或多者,但不限於此。
本說明書中,例如,乳化劑可包含選自由下列所組成之群組之一或多者:十二基硫酸鈉(sodium dodecyl sulfate)、十二基苯硫酸鈉(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate)、十八基硫酸鈉(sodium octadecyl sulfate)、油酸硫酸鈉(sodium oleic sulfate)、十二基硫酸鉀(potassium dodecyl sulfate)、十二基苯硫酸鉀(potassium dodecyl benzene sulfate)、十二基苯磺酸鈉(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate)、月桂基硫酸鈉(sodium lauryl sulfate)、油酸鈉(sodium oleate)、十二基苯磺酸鉀(potassium dodecyl benzenesulfonate)、十八基硫酸鉀(potassium octadecyl sulfate)、松脂酸鉀(potassium rosinate)、及油酸鉀(potassium oleate)。
根據本發明之種子製造步驟、核製造步驟、及接枝殼製造步驟中之一或多個步驟,除上述引發劑之外,較佳包含活化劑(activator)以進一步加速起始反應(initiation reaction),更佳係選自由含二價鐵離子之化合物及螯合劑(chelating agent)所組成之群組之一或多者,又更佳為含二價鐵離子之化合物及螯合劑的混合物。
較佳的,活化劑進一步包含選自由亞磺酸乙酸金屬鹽(sulfinato acetic acid metal salt)及磺酸乙酸金屬鹽(sulfonato acetic acid metal salt)所組成之群組中之一或多者。於該情況,耐候性及染色性可大幅改善同時維持衝擊強度。
例如,金屬鹽可為鹼金屬鹽,較佳為鈉鹽。於該情況,耐候性及染色性可大幅改善同時維持衝擊強度。
亞磺酸乙酸金屬鹽及磺酸乙酸金屬鹽可獨立地包含一或更多官能基。該等官能基較佳包含羥基。於該情況,耐候性及染色性可大幅改善同時維持衝擊強度。
本說明書中,例如,丙烯酸烷酯化合物可為含有具有1至15個碳原子之烷基的丙烯酸烷酯。作為一具體實例,丙烯酸烷酯化合物可包含選自由下列所組成之群組之一或多者:丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸庚酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、及丙烯酸月桂酯(lauryl acrylate),較佳為含有具有1至4個碳原子之鏈狀烷基(chained alkyl group)的丙烯酸烷酯,更佳為丙烯酸丁酯。
本說明書中,例如,芳族乙烯基化合物可包含選自由下列所組成之群組之一或多者:苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯(α-methyl styrene)、鄰甲基苯乙烯(ο-methyl styrene)、對甲基苯乙烯(ρ-methyl styrene)、間甲基苯乙烯(m-methyl styrene)、乙基苯乙烯(ethyl styrene)、異丁基苯乙烯(isobutyl styrene)、三級丁基苯乙烯(t-butyl styrene)、鄰溴苯乙烯(ο-bromostyrene)、對溴苯乙烯(ρ-bromostyrene)、間溴苯乙烯(m-bromostyrene)、鄰氯苯乙烯(ο-chlorostyrene)、對氯苯乙烯(ρ-chlorostyrene)、間氯苯乙烯(m-chlorostyrene)、乙烯基甲苯(vinyltoluene)、乙烯基二甲苯(vinylxylene)、氟苯乙烯(fluorostyrene)、及乙烯基萘(vinylnaphthalene),較佳為苯乙烯。於該情況下,因適當流動性(fluidity)之故,加工性及機械性質諸如耐衝擊性可為優異的。
本說明書中,例如,氰乙烯化合物可包含選自由下列所組成之群組中之一或多者:丙烯腈(acrylonitrile)、甲基丙烯腈(methacrylonitrile)、乙基丙烯腈(ethylacrylonitrile)、及異丙基丙烯腈(isopropylacrylonitrile),較佳為丙烯腈。[4] 丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之製法
本發明之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之製法包含:種子聚合步驟(seed polymerization step),藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑來製造種子;核聚合步驟,藉由在該種子存在下聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑來製造核;以及,接枝殼聚合步驟,藉由在該核存在下聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物來製造接枝殼。於該情況下,該多官能交聯劑具有600至1,400 g/mol之重量平均分子量。於該情況下,外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性、以及機械性質可為優異的。
該多官能交聯劑可如同用以製造該接枝共聚物中所含之種子及核的多官能交聯劑。
例如,於種子製造步驟中,該種子可使用選自由乳化劑、接枝劑、引發劑、及電解質所組成之群組之一或多者製造。於該情況下,衝擊強度、伸長率、耐候性、光澤、及染色性可為優異的。
例如,於核製造步驟中,該核可使用選自由乳化劑、接枝劑、及引發劑所組成之群組之一或多者製造。於該情況下,衝擊強度、伸長率、耐候性、光澤、及染色性可為優異的。
例如,於接枝殼製造步驟中,該接枝殼可使用選自由引發劑、乳化劑、及電解質所組成之群組之一或多者製造。於該情況下,衝擊強度、伸長率、耐候性、光澤、及染色性可為優異的。
於種子製造步驟、核製造步驟、及接枝殼製造步驟中所含之乳化劑、接枝劑、引發劑、交聯劑、及電解質的含量可如同用以製造接枝共聚物之乳化劑、接枝劑、引發劑、交聯劑、及電解質的含量。
除引發劑之外,可使用活化劑以促進過氧化物(peroxide)之起始反應(initiation reaction)。
例如,該活化劑可如同用以製造接枝共聚物的活化劑。
例如,殼製造步驟中所製造之接枝共聚物乳膠(graft copolymer latex)可於凝聚作用(coagulation)、老化(aging)、脫水、洗滌、及乾燥之後製造成粉末形式。
例如,凝聚作用可使用選自硫酸、MgSO4
、CaCl2
、及Al2
(SO4
)3
所組成之群組中之一或多者(較佳為CaCl2
)來進行。
具體而言,製造接枝共聚物乳膠時,使用氯化鈣水溶液於65至80℃在常壓下進行凝聚作用,於90至95℃進行老化,進行脫水及洗滌,然後以85至95℃之熱風(hot blast)進行乾燥20至40分鐘,以獲得粉末狀共聚物粒子。
本說明書中,常壓意指大氣壓力,尤其是1大氣壓力。
例如,接枝共聚物可藉由乳化聚合(emulsion polymerization)製造。於該情況下,衝擊強度、抗張強度(tensile strength)、耐候性、及光澤可為優異的。
作為本發明之乳化聚合,可使用本發明相關領域中常實施之任何乳化接枝聚合方法而無特別限制。
該接枝共聚物製法中所包含之丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物可如同用以製造接枝共聚物的丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物。[5] 熱塑性樹脂組成物
例如,本發明之熱塑性樹脂組成物可包含15至65重量%之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物;0至30重量%之含有丙烯酸酯橡膠作為核(平均粒徑為50至300 nm)的丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物;以及,30至70重量%之基質樹脂。於該情況下,衝擊強度可提高,且染色性、光澤、加工性、及耐候性可為優異的。
該熱塑性樹脂組成物較佳包含15至50重量%之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、5至25重量%之含有丙烯酸酯橡膠作為核(平均粒徑為50至300 nm)的丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物、以及40至70重量%之基質樹脂。於該情況下,衝擊強度可提高,且染色性、光澤、加工性、及耐候性可為優異的。
更佳的,該熱塑性樹脂組成物包含20至35重量%之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、15至25重量%之含有丙烯酸酯橡膠作為核(平均粒徑為50至300 nm)的丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物、以及50至65重量%之基質樹脂。於該情況下,衝擊強度可提高,且染色性、光澤、加工性、及耐候性可為優異的。
例如,該含有丙烯酸酯橡膠作為核(平均粒徑為50至300 nm)的丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物(下文稱為「小直徑接枝共聚物」)可為藉由聚合40至60重量%之丙烯酸酯橡膠、25至45重量%之芳族乙烯基化合物、及1至20重量%之氰乙烯化合物所製造之共聚物。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、抗張強度、耐候性、及表面光澤可為優異的。
作為一較佳實例,該小直徑接枝共聚物可為藉由聚合45至55重量%之丙烯酸酯橡膠、30至40重量%之芳族乙烯基化合物、及10至20重量%之氰乙烯化合物所製造之共聚物。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、抗張強度、耐候性、及表面光澤可為優異的。
該丙烯酸酯橡膠核較佳具有50至250 nm、更佳為100至200 nm之平均粒徑。在該範圍內,衝擊強度、抗張強度、耐候性、及表面光澤可為優異的。
例如,該小直徑接枝共聚物可藉由乳化聚合製造。於該情況下,衝擊強度、抗張強度、耐候性、及表面光澤可為優異的。
作為本發明之乳化聚合,可使用本發明相關領域中常實施之任何乳化接枝聚合方法而無特別限制。
例如,該基質樹脂可為藉由聚合選自由芳族乙烯基化合物、氰乙烯化合物、及(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯化合物所組成之群組中之一或更多種單體所製造的聚合物,較佳為氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物共聚物。於該情況下,衝擊強度可提高,且染色性、光澤、及耐候性可為優異的。
例如,該氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物共聚物較佳為苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN樹脂)、α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(耐熱性SAN樹脂)、或其混合物,更佳為苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN樹脂)。於該情況下,加工性、耐候性、及染色性可為優異的。
該苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物較佳為藉由聚合65至85重量%之苯乙烯與15至35重量%之丙烯腈所製造之共聚物。於該情況下,加工性、耐候性、及染色性可為優異的。
例如,該氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物共聚物可藉由懸浮聚合(suspension polymerization)、乳化聚合(emulsion polymerization)、溶液聚合(solution polymerization)、或整體聚合(bulk polymerization)製造,較佳藉由整體聚合製造。於該情況下,耐熱性及流動性可為優異的。
除非本說明中另外指明,否則(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯可為丙烯酸烷酯或甲基丙烯酸烷酯。例如,(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯可包含選自由下列所組成之群組之一或多者:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、及(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯。
例如,熱塑性樹脂組成物可具有根據ASTM D528以45°角測量為74或更高、較佳為74至90、更佳為76至85、又更佳為80至85的光澤(gloss)。在該範圍內,物理性質平衡可為優異的。
例如,熱塑性樹脂組成物可具有使用色度計(Color Eye 7000A,GRETAGMACBETH Co.)根據CIE1976 L*a*b*色空間(color space)測量為28.2或更低、較佳為20至28.2、更佳為25至28的黑度(blackness)(色彩L值(color L value))。在該範圍內,物理性質平衡可為優異的。
例如,熱塑性樹脂組成物可具有根據ASTM D256測量為23 kgf·cm/cm或更高、較佳為23至40 kgf·cm/cm、更佳為28至35 kgf·cm/cm之衝擊強度(1/8",23℃)。在該範圍內,物理性質平衡可為優異的。
例如,本說明書中,伸長率(elongation rate)係根據ASTM D638測量。具體而言,使用通用試驗機(universal testing machine)(型號:4466,Instron Co.)以十字頭速度(cross head speed)為200 mm/min拉伸試樣,然後測量試樣截斷之點。然後,藉由將所測量結果代入以下方程式1來計算伸長率。根據該方法,熱塑性樹脂組成物之伸長率可為33 %或更高,較佳為33至45 %,更佳為35至42 %。在該範圍內,物理性質平衡可為優異的。
[方程式1]
伸長率(%) = 伸長後之長度/初始長度×100
例如,熱塑性樹脂組成物可具有根據ASTM D1238在220℃及10 kg之條件下測量為13 g/10 min或更高、較佳為13至14 g/10 min、更佳為13至13.5 g/10 min之流動指數(flow index)。在該範圍內,物理性質平衡可為優異的。
熱塑性樹脂組成物可進一步包含選自由下列所組成之群組之一或多種添加劑:阻燃劑、潤滑劑、抗菌劑、脫離劑(release agent)、成核劑(nucleating agent)、塑化劑、熱安定劑、抗氧化劑、光安定劑、紫外線安定劑、顏料、染料、及增容劑(compatibilizer)。以100重量份之包含丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、小直徑接枝共聚物、及基質樹脂之組成物為基準計,該等添加劑之含量較佳為0.1至10重量份、更佳為1至7重量份、又更佳為1至5重量份。在該範圍內,添加劑之所欲效果可完全表現而不使樹脂之固有物理性質劣化。
例如,潤滑劑可包含選自由下列所組成之群組中之一或多者:伸乙基雙硬脂醯胺(ethylene bis stearamide)、氧化聚乙烯蠟(oxidized polyethylene wax)、及硬脂酸鎂(magnesium stearate),較佳為伸乙基雙硬脂醯胺。於該情況下,本發明之組成物的可濕性(wettability)可改善,以及其機械性質可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、小直徑接枝共聚物、及基質樹脂為基準計,潤滑劑之含量可為0.1至3重量份、較佳為0.1至2重量份、更佳為0.05至1.5重量份。在該範圍內,本發明之組成物的可濕性可改善,以及其機械性質可為優異的。
例如,抗氧化劑可包含酚類抗氧化劑(phenolic antioxidant)、磷抗氧化劑(phosphorus antioxidant)、或其混合物。於該情況下,可防止因擠出程序(extrusion process)期間之熱導致的氧化,且機械性質可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、小直徑接枝共聚物、及基質樹脂為基準計,抗氧化劑之含量可為0.01至3重量份、較佳為0.01至1重量份、更佳為0.1至1重量份。在該範圍內,可防止因擠出程序期間之熱導致的氧化,且機械性質可為優異的。
例如,以總共100重量份之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、小直徑接枝共聚物、及基質樹脂為基準計,染料之含量可為0.1至1.5重量份、較佳為0.5至1重量份。在該範圍內,色彩表現可為優異的,且本發明之熱塑性樹脂組成物之固有物理性質不劣化。熱塑性樹脂組成物之製法
例如,本發明之熱塑性樹脂組成物的製法包含混合15至65重量%之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物、0至30重量%之含有丙烯酸酯橡膠作為核(平均粒徑為50至300 nm)的丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物、以及30至70重量%之基質樹脂,且使用擠出捏合機(extrusion kneader)於200至250℃製造小丸(pellet)的步驟。於該情況下,可提供具有優異的耐候性、光澤、及染色性,同時具有相當於或優於慣用ASA樹脂之機械性質及加工性的熱塑性樹脂組成物。
熱塑性樹脂組成物之製法共用上述熱塑性樹脂組成物之全部技術特徵,因此省略其重複說明。
使用擠出捏合機製造小丸的步驟較佳係於200至250℃、更佳於210至230℃進行。於該情況下,溫度意指筒(cylinder)中設定的溫度。
作為本發明之擠出捏合機,可使用本發明相關領域中常用的任何擠出捏合機而無特別限制。本發明之擠出捏合機較佳為雙螺桿擠出捏合機(twin-screw extrusion kneader)。[6] 模製物件
本發明之模製物件包含本發明之熱塑性樹脂組成物。於該情況下,可提供具有優異的耐候性以及外觀性質諸如光澤及染色性,同時具有相當於或優於慣用模製物件之機械性質及加工性的模製物件。[7]
例如,模製物件可為車燈殼或家具之片材。
於根據本發明之熱塑性樹脂組成物、彼之製法、及模製物件之說明中,應注意可在本領域常實施之範圍內適當地選擇未明確說明之其他條件或設備而無特別限制。
下文茲參照以下較佳實例更詳細描述本發明。然而,該等實例僅供說明目的,不應被視為限制本發明之範圍及精神。此外,熟習本領域之人士瞭解可在不偏離本發明的精神及範圍之情況下進行各種變化及修改,且此等變化及修改亦在所附請求項之範圍內。
[實施例]
以下實施例及比較例中所使用之材料如下。
* M3130:具有三個官能基且重量平均分子量為692 g/mol之乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate)
* M3160:具有三個官能基且重量平均分子量為1,088 g/mol之乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯
* M3190:具有三個官能基且重量平均分子量為1,484 g/mol之乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯
* M300:具有三個官能基且重量平均分子量為428 g/mol之乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯
* 雙官能交聯劑:具有兩個官能基且重量平均分子量為198 g/mol之乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)[8]
實施例1
<接枝共聚物之製造>[9]
種子之製造
將5重量%之苯乙烯、2重量%之丙烯腈(acrylonitrile)、0.2重量份之十二基硫酸鈉(sodium dodecyl sulfate)、作為多官能交聯劑之0.04重量份之M3130、0.02重量份之甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(allyl methacrylate)、0.1重量份之氫氧化鉀、以及50重量份之蒸餾水(distilled water)分批進料至經氮取代之反應器(nitrogen-substituted reactor),將溫度升高至70℃,然後將作為引發劑之0.04重量份之過硫酸鉀(potassium persulfate)添加至其中以引發反應。然後,進行聚合2.0小時。於聚合完成之後,獲得具有234 nm之平均粒徑的種子。[10]
核之製造
於種子存在下,於70℃連續進料含有50重量%之丙烯酸丁酯、0.5重量份之十二基硫酸鈉、作為多官能交聯劑之0.2重量份之M3130、0.2重量份之甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、15重量份之蒸餾水、及0.05重量份之過硫酸鉀的混合物4.0小時。進料完成之後,聚合再進行1小時。反應完成之後,獲得具有474 nm之平均粒徑的橡膠核。[11]
接枝殼之製造
於所製造之核存在下,於75℃連續進料含有23重量份之蒸餾水、31.5重量%之苯乙烯、11.5重量%之丙烯腈、1.5重量份之松脂酸鉀(potassium rosinate)、及0.1重量份之氫過氧化異丙苯(cumene hydroperoxide)的乳液以及含有0.09重量份之焦磷酸鈉(sodium pyrophosphate)、0.12重量份之右旋糖(dextrose)、及0.002重量份之硫化亞鐵(ferrous sulfide)的混合溶液各者3.5小時,並進行聚合。此外,在進料混合物之後,反應係於75℃再進行1小時,以提高聚合轉化率,並藉由冷卻至60℃來終止聚合,以製造接枝共聚物乳膠。
確認接枝共聚物乳膠之聚合轉化率為99%以及平均粒徑為557 nm。[12]
接枝共聚物粉末之製造
以100重量份(以固體為基準計)之所製造的丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝共聚物乳膠為基準計,添加0.8重量份之氯化鈣水溶液,並於70℃於常壓下進行凝聚作用(coagulation)。然後,於93℃進行老化(aging),進行脫水及洗滌,以及以90℃之熱風(hot blast)進行乾燥30分鐘,以製造丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物粉末。
<熱塑性樹脂組成物之製造>
添加20重量份之所製造之接枝共聚物粉末、18重量份之丙烯酸丁酯橡膠-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SA931,核之平均粒徑:100 nm,LG Chemical Co.)、作為基質之62重量份之苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(90HR,LG Chemical Co.)、1重量份之潤滑劑、0.5重量份之抗氧化劑、0.5重量份之UV安定劑、及0.5重量份之碳黑,並予以混合。將混合物添加至筒溫(cylinder temperature)為220℃之36 π擠出捏合機(36 pi extrusion kneader)以製造小丸。然後,將小丸射出成型(injection-molded)以製造試樣。[13]
實施例2至4
實施例1至4、比較例1至3、以及參考例1及2中所製造之試樣的性質係根據下列方法測量,結果示於下表3及4。[15]
測量方法
* 聚合轉化率(%):聚合轉化率(polymerization conversion rate)可定義為直到測量時轉化成聚合物之單體相對於總共100重量%之直到聚合作用完成時所添加的單體的重量%。於熱風乾燥機中於150℃乾燥1.5 g之所製造的乳膠15分鐘,並測量其重量。然後,將結果代入以下方程式2,以計算總固體含量(TSC)。然後,藉由將總固體含量代入以下方程式3來計算聚合轉化率。於方程式3中,所添加之單體的總重設為100重量份。
[方程式2]
[方程式3]
聚合轉化率(%) = [總固體含量(TSC) × (所添加之單體、去離子水、及輔助原料之總重) / 100] - (單體及去離子水以外之所添加的輔助原料的重量)
於方程式3中,輔助原料(subsidiary raw material)包含引發劑、乳化劑(emulsifier)、電解質(electrolyte)、及分子量調節劑(molecular weight modifier)。
* 平均粒徑(nm):平均粒徑(average particle diameter)係藉由動態光散射(dynamic light scattering)測量。
* 衝擊強度(kgf·cm/cm):艾氏衝擊強度(Izod impact strength)係根據ASTM D256使用厚度為1/8″之試樣測量。
* 流動指數(g/10 min):流動指數(flow index)係根據ASTM D1238於220℃在10 kg負重(load)下測量10分鐘。
* 伸長率(%):根據ASTM D638,使用通用試驗機(型號:4466,Instron Co.)以十字頭速度為200 mm/min拉伸試樣,然後測量試樣截斷之點。然後,藉由將測量結果代入以下方程式1來計算伸長率(%)。
[方程式1]
伸長率(%) = 伸長後之長度/初始長度×100
* 光澤:光澤(gloss)係根據ASTM D528以45°角測量。
*染色性(黑度):色彩L值(color L value)係根據CIE 1976 L*a*b*色空間,使用色度計(型號名稱:Color Eye 7000A)測量。於該情況下,L=100意指純白,而L=0意指純黑。當L值降低時,黑度變得較佳。
* 視色度:視色度(color apparent strength)係使用色差計(color meter)(Color Eye 7000A,GRETAGMACBETH Co.)測量並使用以下方程式4計算。於色彩表現評估中,將參考試樣之視色度設為100,當試樣之視色度大於100時,該試樣評估為具有優異的色彩表現。於本發明中,使用比較例1之試樣作為參考試樣。
[方程式4]
如表3及表4所示,可確認相較於在本發明範圍外之比較例1至3,根據本發明之實施例1至4具有優異的光澤、染色性(黑度)、及視色度,同時具有相當於或優於比較例1至3的機械性質諸如衝擊強度、伸長率、及流動指數。特別是,考慮到實施例1至4之視色度值高於視色度為100之比較例1,可看出實施例1至4在色彩表現方面是優異的。
此外,可確認,相較於實施例1至4,在包含過量或少量的多官能交聯劑之參考例1及2的情況,光澤、視色度、及染色性(黑度)變差。
Claims (13)
- 一種丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,其包含: 種子,其係藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物(vinyl cyanide compound)所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造; 核,其係形成以環繞該種子且係藉由聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑所製造;以及 接枝殼,其係形成以環繞該核且係藉由聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物所製造, 其中,該多官能交聯劑之重量平均分子量為600至1,400 g/mol。
- 如請求項1之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,其中,該多官能交聯劑具有3或更多官能基。
- 如請求項1之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,其中,以100重量份之該接枝共聚物為基準計,該多官能交聯劑於該種子中之含量為0.005至0.1重量份。
- 如請求項1之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,其中,以100重量份之該接枝共聚物為基準計,該多官能交聯劑於該核中之含量為0.04至0.8重量份。
- 如請求項1之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,其中,該接枝共聚物包含1至20重量%之該種子、35至65重量%之該核、以及30至60重量%之該接枝殼。
- 如請求項1之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物,其中,包含該種子之該核的平均粒徑為300至700 nm。
- 一種製造丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物之方法,該方法包含: 種子聚合步驟(seed polymerization step),藉由聚合一或多種選自由丙烯酸烷酯化合物、芳族乙烯基化合物、及氰乙烯化合物所組成之群組的化合物與多官能交聯劑來製造種子; 核聚合步驟,藉由在該種子存在下聚合丙烯酸烷酯化合物與多官能交聯劑來製造核;以及 接枝殼聚合步驟,藉由在該核存在下聚合芳族乙烯基化合物與氰乙烯化合物來製造接枝殼, 其中,該多官能交聯劑之重量平均分子量為600至1,400 g/mol。
- 一種熱塑性樹脂組成物,其包含: 15至65重量%之如請求項1至7中任一項之丙烯酸烷酯化合物-氰乙烯化合物-芳族乙烯基化合物接枝共聚物; 0至30重量%之丙烯酸酯-芳族乙烯基化合物-氰乙烯化合物接枝共聚物,其含有平均粒徑為50至300 nm之丙烯酸酯橡膠作為核;以及 30至70重量%之基質樹脂。
- 如請求項9之熱塑性樹脂組成物,其中,該基質樹脂為藉由聚合選自由芳族乙烯基化合物、氰乙烯化合物、及(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯化合物所組成之群組中之一或更多單體所製造的聚合物。
- 如請求項9之熱塑性樹脂組成物,其中,該熱塑性樹脂組成物具有根據ASTM D528以45°角測量為74或更高的光澤。
- 如請求項9之熱塑性樹脂組成物,其中,該熱塑性樹脂組成物具有使用色度計(Color Eye 7000A,GRETAGMACBETH Co.)根據CIE1976 L*a*b*色空間測量為28.2或更低的黑度(blackness)(色彩L值)。
- 一種模製物件,其係使用如請求項9之熱塑性樹脂組成物所製造。
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KR1020190163480A KR20210073050A (ko) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | 알킬 아크릴레이트 화합물-비닐시안 화합물-방향족 비닐 화합물 그라프트 공중합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 열가소성 수지 조성물 |
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CA2218167A1 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-08-28 | Gary Kogowski | Acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylate copolymers with improved stain resistance |
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US20180312693A1 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-11-01 | Umg Abs, Ltd. | Graft copolymer, crosslinked particles, graft crosslinked particles, rubbery polymer, and thermoplastic resin composition using same |
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JP2022522518A (ja) | 2022-04-19 |
CN113412290A (zh) | 2021-09-17 |
JP7199567B2 (ja) | 2023-01-05 |
EP3907245A4 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
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