TW202107996A - 高吸收及耐雨性ulv調配物 - Google Patents
高吸收及耐雨性ulv調配物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202107996A TW202107996A TW109115483A TW109115483A TW202107996A TW 202107996 A TW202107996 A TW 202107996A TW 109115483 A TW109115483 A TW 109115483A TW 109115483 A TW109115483 A TW 109115483A TW 202107996 A TW202107996 A TW 202107996A
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- methyl
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- formulation
- trifluoromethyl
- phenyl
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Abstract
本發明係關於農化組成物:其等於葉面施用之用途;其等於低噴灑量之用途;其等藉由裝設有習用噴嘴,以及脈寬調整噴嘴或旋轉圓盤液滴施用器之無人航空系統(UAS),無人駕駛車輛(UGV)以及裝有拖拉機之噴桿噴灑器的用途;及其等在控制農業害蟲,雜草或疾病上之應用,特別是在蠟質葉片上。
Description
本發明係關於農化組成物:其等於葉面施用之用途;其等於低噴灑量之用途;彼等藉由架設配備常規噴嘴,但亦配備脈波式寬度調變噴霧噴嘴的桿架式噴霧器或旋轉圓盤滴液施用器之無人飛行系統(UAS)、無人駕駛車(UGV)及曳引機的用途;及其等在控制農業害蟲,雜草或疾病上之應用,特別是在蠟質葉片上。
現代農業在以安全及可持續之方式生產足夠糧食方面面臨許多挑戰。因此,需要利用作物保護產品來提高安全性,品質及產量,同時盡量減少對環境及農業用地的影響。許多作物保護產品,無論是化學性或生物性,通常係以高噴灑量使用,例如於選擇的情況>50 L/ha,且經常>150-400 L/ha。此結果是必須花費許多動力以攜帶大量的噴霧液體及接著將其以噴霧應用施用於作物。。這可以大型曳引機來執行,因為曳引機的重量以及噴霧液體的重量會自所涉及之機械作業產生CO2
且亦造成有害的土壤壓實,從而影響植物的根系生長、健康及產量,以及隨後用於補救該等影響所耗費的精力。
需要一種能夠顯著減少噴塗之大量液體及減輕施用產品所需設備之重量的解決方案。
在農業領域中,包括架設配備脈波式寬度調變噴霧噴嘴的桿架式噴霧器或旋轉圓盤滴液施用器之無人飛行系統(UAS)、無人駕駛車(UGV)及曳引機的低噴霧量施用技術為農民提供以低噴霧量(通常低至10至20 l/ha或更少)施用產品之解決辦法。這些解決方案之優點包括例如其等需要顯著少的水,這在供水有限的地區很重要,需要較少的動力運送和施用噴霧液體、自更迅速填充噴霧罐與更快速施用而更加速、自減少運送的噴霧液體量與使用更小且更輕的車輛而減少CO2
產生、降低土壤壓實損害及能夠使用更便宜的施用系統。
然而,Wang et al [Field evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer(無人機噴灑器之現場評估):effect of spray volume on deposition and the control of pests and disease in wheat(噴灑量對於沉積及小麥病蟲害防治的影響). Pest Management Science 2019 doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.5321]證明了噴灑量由450及225 l/ha降低至28.1、16.8及9.0 l/ha,覆蓋範圍(%區域),每個區域之噴灑沉積數,及在水敏紙上測量之噴灑沉積物之直徑均降低(參見表3於Wang et al,2019)。在平行下,小麥蚜蟲防治及白粉病防治兩者之生物防治功效於低噴灑量時降低,而於9.0 l/ha時觀察到最大的降幅,接著為16.8 l/ha (參見圖示6、7及8於Wang et al,2019)。
因此,需要設計同樣經由高吸收來克服在低噴灑量下的覆蓋率減少及噴灑沉積物直徑減小的調配物系統。。
此外,由於噴灑溶液中輔助劑之濃度增加,從而促進了擴散及吸收至植物,因輔助劑的局部濃度較高,因此噴灑液的沖刷機會更高。
因而,於吸收增加時,該根據本發明之調配物應亦具有降低的沖刷,即高耐雨性。
因此,需要提供調配物,當根據本發明以超低噴灑量來噴灑時,顯示良好耐雨性,而同時具有良好或可接受之吸收性而能維持功效。
該溶液係經由調配物提供,該調配物係在溶液中含有高濃度之特定吸收促進劑及耐雨性添加物。
相較於通常較高的噴灑量所需的水平,源自低總量添加物的本發明的一個特別優點是調配物的成本較低並且易於生產。另外的優點包括改良的配方安定性及製程簡化,物品成本降低,以及對環境的影響較小。
此方面技藝已知之調配物,桶混物亦同,含有耐雨性及促進吸收之添加物主要係用於較高的噴灑量且通常在噴霧漿中含有較低濃度之添加物。然而,由於已知技藝中所使用之高噴灑量,所使用之添加物的總量及因此於環境中的總量較根據本發明者為高。
再者,添加物之濃度為本發明之重要元素,因為僅有在特定濃度下才能達到適當的性能。然而,倘若現今噴灑量降低,則活性成份之量亦降低。然而,這導致含如此低濃度添加物之低體積調配物無法達到足夠的攝取量及耐雨性(參見實例)。
此外,如上文指出,根據本發明,吸收促進劑必須存在以使該活性成份吸收至植物中以增強生物功效,而於同時必須存在有雨水堅牢度添加物以避免難以忍受的沖刷。
於本發明中,吾等驚訝的發現,隨著噴灑量的減少,提高上述添加物的濃度可彌補噴灑量減少時所造成的性能損失(由於不足之吸收/耐雨性)。令人驚訝地發現,噴灑量每減少50%,表面活性劑之濃度大致應該加倍。
因此,儘管相較於本領域已知的調配物,添加劑的絕對濃度增加,但每公頃的相對總量可以減少(這在經濟上及生態上是有利的)同時吸收,耐雨性乃至根據本發明之調配物的功效改良,維持或至少保持在可接受的水平,當慮及低量施用之其他好處時,如由於商品成本較低所以調配物成本較少,較少載劑降低工作成本,較少土壤壓實等。
亦發現,儘管添加物及吸收促進劑之濃度很高,根據本發明之調配物的耐雨性亦與那些根據已知技藝之參考調配物的耐雨性相仿或更好。
於一方面,本發明係指根據本發明之組成物於葉面施用之用途。
如無特別指明,於本案中%意指重量百分比 (%w/w)。
應瞭解,於各種組成份之組合的情況下,調配物中所有組成份之百分比總合恆為100。
再者,如無特別指明,所稱將水“至定體積”意指將水加入使得調配物之總體積成為1000 ml (1 l)。為清楚起見,應瞭解如果不清楚,該調配物之密度應理解為 1 g/cm3。
於本發明內文中,水性農化組成物包括至少5%之水且包括懸浮濃縮物,水性懸浮液,懸浮乳劑或膠囊懸浮液,宜為懸浮濃縮物及水性懸浮液。
再者,應瞭解,於本案中給定之施用量或施用率以及個別成份之較佳範圍可自由組合且所有的組合係涵蓋於本文中,然而,於一更佳之具體例中,該成分宜存在於相同優良度之範圍內,且更甚該成份宜存在於最佳範圍內。
於一方面,本發明係指一調配物,其包含:
a) 一種或多種活性成份,
b) 一種或多種 耐雨性添加物,
c) 其他配方組份,
d) 加至定量的一種或多種(1L或1 kg)之載劑,
其中b) 之存在量為5 至150 g/l。
本發明如無特別指明,該載劑通常係用來調整調配物之體積。較佳者,根據本發明之調配物中之載劑濃度為至少5 % w/w、更宜為至少10 % w/w、如至少20% w/w、至少40% w/w、至少50% w/w、至少60% w/w、至少70 % w/w及至少80 % w/w或分別為至少50 g/l、更宜為至少100 g/l、如至少200g/l、至少400g/l、至少500g/l、至少600 g/l、至少700 g/l及至少800 g/l。
該調配物宜為用於作物之噴灑施用。
於一較佳之根據本發明之具體例,亦於說明書之下列具體例中,該載劑為水。
於一較佳之具體例中,本發明之調配物包含
a) 一種或多種活性成份,
b) 一種或多種耐雨性添加物,
c) 一種或多種吸收促進劑,
d1) 至少一種適當的非離子性表面活性劑及/或適當的離子性表面活性劑,
d2) 任意的,一流變改良劑,
d3) 任意的,適當的消泡物質,
d4) 任意的,適當的抗凍劑,
d5) 任意的,適當的其他配方組份,
e) 加至定量的載劑,
其中 b)之存在量為5至150 g/l,且其中水更適宜作為載劑。
於另一具體例中,d2、d3、d4及d5中至少一個為強制的,較佳者,d2、d3、d4及d5中至少二個為強制的,且再於另一具體例中,d2、d3、d4及d5為強制的。
於一較佳之具體例中,組成份 a) 之存在量宜為由 5至300 g/l,宜為由10 至250 g/l,且最宜為由20至210 g/l。
於一替代具體例中,組成份 a)為一殺真菌劑。
於一替代具體例中,組成份 a)為一殺蟲劑。
於一替代具體例中,組成份 a)為一除草劑。
於一較佳之具體例中,組成份 b) 之存在量為5至150 g/l,宜為由10至120 g/l,且最宜為由15至110 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,組成份 c)之存在量為10至150 g/l,宜為由25至120 g/l,且最宜為由30至110 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,該一種或多種組成份d) 之存在量為 5至250 g/l,宜為由10至150 g/l,且最宜為由20至120 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,該一種或多種組成份d1) 之存在量為4至250 g/l,宜為由 8至120 g/l,且最宜為由 10至80 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,該一種或多種組成份d2) 之存在量為0至60 g/l,宜為由 1至20 g/l,且最宜為由 2至10 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,該一種或多種組成份d3)之存在量為 0至 30 g/l,宜為由 0.5至20 g/l,且最宜為由 1至12 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,該一種或多種組成份d4) 之存在量為0至200 g/l,宜為由 5至150 g/l,且最宜為由10至120 g/l。
於一較佳之具體例中,該一種或多種組成份d5) 之存在量為0至200 g/l,宜為由0.1至120 g/l,且最宜為由0.5至80 g/l。
於一具體例中,該調配物包含下列量之組成份 a)至e)
a) 由5至300 g/l,宜為由10至250 g/l,且最宜為由20至210 g/l,
b) 由5至150 g/l,宜為由10至120 g/l,且最宜為由15至110 g/l,
c) 由10至150 g/l,宜為由25至120 g/l,且最宜為由30至110 g/l,
d) 由5至250 g/l,宜為由10至150 g/l,且最宜為由20至120 g/l,
e) 加至定量的載劑。
於另一具體例中,該調配物包含下列量之組成份 a) 至e)
a) 由5至300 g/l,宜為由10至250 g/l,且最宜為由20至210 g/l,
b) 由5至150 g/l,宜為由10至120 g/l,且最宜為由15至110 g/l,
c) 由10至150 g/l,宜為由25至120 g/l,且最宜為由30至110 g/l,
d1) 由4至250 g/l,宜為由8至120 g/l,且最宜為由10至80 g/l,
d2) 由0至60 g/l,宜為由1至20 g/l,且最宜為由2至10 g/l,
d3) 由0至30 g/l,宜為由0.5至20 g/l,且最宜為由1至12 g/l,
d4) 由0至200 g/l,宜為由5至150 g/l,且最宜為由10至120 g/l,
d5) 由0至200 g/l,宜為由0.1至120 g/l,且最宜為由0.5至80 g/l,
e) 加至定量的載劑,
其中,該載劑宜為水。
應瞭解當使用一固態載劑之情況時,前述參考量係指 1 kg而不是指 1 l,即 g/kg。
如上所述,組成份 d)恆添加至定體積,即至 1 l或 1 kg。
於另一較佳本發明之具體例中,該調配物僅包含上述特定量及範圍之成份 a)至e)。
於一較佳之具體例中,該除草劑係與安全劑合併使用,其宜選自包含下列者:雙苯㗁唑酸乙酯(isoxadifen-ethyl)及吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr-ethyl)。
本發明進一步適用於上述調配物之施用方法,其中該調配物係以介於 1及20 l/ha,宜為 2及15 l/ha,更宜為 5及15 l/ha之間的噴灑量來施用。
更佳者,本發明適用於上述調配物之施用方法,其中該調配物之施用噴灑量為介於 1及20 l/ha,宜為 2及15 l/ha,更宜為 5及15 l/ha,且b)之存在量為由 5至150 g/l,宜為由 10至120 g/l,且最宜為由15至110 g/l,其中於一較佳之具體例中,a)之存在量為由 5至300 g/l,宜為由10至250 g/l,且最宜為由20至210 g/l,且更為適宜 c) 之存在量為由 10至150 g/l,宜為由25至120 g/l,且最宜為由 30至80 g/l.。
於另一方面,本發明係適用於上述調配物之施用方法,
其中該調配物係以介於 1及20 l/ha之間,宜為 2及15 l/ha,更宜為 5及15 l/ha之噴灑量施用,且
其中a)施用至作物的量宜為介於 2及150 g/ha之間,宜為介於 5及120 g/ha之間,且更宜為介於20及100 g/ha之間。
再者,該耐雨性添加物 b)之施用宜為由 5 g/ha至150 g/ha,更宜為由7.5 g/ha至100 g/ha,且最宜為由10 g/ha至60 g/ha。
再者,該吸收促進劑 c)之施用宜為由 5 g/ha至150 g/ha,更宜為由7.5 g/ha至100 g/ha,且最宜為由10 g/ha至60 g/ha。
於一個具體例中,於前指明方法中a)對於作物之施用量為介於 2及10 g/ha。
於另一個具體例中,於前指明方法中a)對於作物之施用量為介於40及110 g/ha。
於上述應用之一個具體例中,該活性成份(ai) a)之施用宜為由 2及150 g/ha,宜為介於 5及120 g/ha之間,且更宜為介於20及100 g/ha之間,而相應地,分散劑之施用宜為由10 g/ha至100 g/ha,更宜為由20 g/ha至80 g/ha,且最宜為由40 g/ha至60 g/ha。
特別的,本發明之調配物適用於噴灑量為介於 1及20 l/ha之間的施用,宜為 2及15 l/ha,更宜為 5及15 l/ha,施用在葉表面具紋理之植物或作物上,宜為於小麥、大麥、稻米、油菜籽、大豆(植物幼株)及甘藍菜。
再者,本發明係指處理葉表面具紋理之作物的方法,宜為小麥、大麥、稻米、油菜籽、大豆(植物幼株)及甘藍菜,而噴灑量為介於 1及20 l/ha,宜為 2及15 l/ha,更宜為 5及15 l/ha之間。
於一較佳之具體例中,上述應用係施用在葉表面具紋理之作物上,宜為於小麥、大麥、稻米、油菜籽、大豆(植物幼株)及甘藍菜。
於一個具體例中,該活性成份為一殺真菌劑或兩個殺真菌劑之混合物或三個 殺真菌劑之混合物。
於另一個具體例中,該活性成份為一殺蟲劑或兩個殺蟲劑之混合物或三個殺蟲劑之混合物。
仍於另一個具體例中,該活性成份為一除草劑或兩個除草劑之混合物或三個除草劑之混合物,其中在掺合之混合物中之成員宜為一安全劑。
於本發明內文中,適當的調配物型式從定義言為懸浮濃縮物、水性懸浮液、懸浮乳液或膠囊懸浮液、乳化濃縮物、水可分散之顆粒、油分散液、可乳化之濃縮物、可分散之濃縮物、可溼性顆粒,宜為懸浮濃縮物、水性懸浮液、懸浮乳液及油分散液,其中於非-水性調配物或固態調配物之情況時,該可噴灑之調配物係藉由添加水而得到。
活性成份 (a):
於本文中,以其常用名稱標識之活性化合物乃已知且係說明,例如,於the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012)或可在網路上找到(如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)。其分類係根據於本專利申請案申請時之現行IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme。
根據本發明之殺真菌劑 (a) 的實例為:
1)麥角甾醇生物合成抑制劑,舉例來說:(1.001)環克座(cyproconazole)、(1.002)待克利(difenoconazole)、(1.003)依普座(epoxiconazole)、(1.004)環醯菌胺(fenhexamid)、(1.005)苯銹啶(fenpropidin)、(1.006)芬普福(fenpropimorph)、(1.007)胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、(1.008)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、(1.009)護汰芬(flutriafol)、(1.010)依滅列(imazalil)、(1.011)硫酸依滅列(imazalil sulfate)、(1.012)種菌唑(ipconazole)、(1.013)滅特座(metconazole)、(1.014)邁克尼(myclobutanil)、(1.015)巴克素(paclobutrazol)、(1.016)撲克拉(prochloraz)、(1.017)普克利(propiconazole)、(1.018)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、(1.019)啶菌㗁唑(pyrisoxazole)、(1.020)螺環菌胺(spiroxamine)、(1.021)得克利(tebuconazole)、(1.022)四克利(tetraconazole)、(1.023)三泰隆(triadimenol)、(1.024)三得芬(tridemorph)、(1.025)滅菌唑(triticonazole)、(1.026) (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)環戊醇、(1.027) (1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)環戊醇、(1.028) (2R)-2-(1-氯環丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯環丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.029) (2R)-2-(1-氯環丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯環丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.030) (2R)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.031) (2S)-2-(1-氯環丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯環丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.032) (2S)-2-(1-氯-環丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯環丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.033) (2S)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.034) (R)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-㗁唑-4-基(吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.035) (S)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-㗁唑-4-基(吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.036) [3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-㗁唑-4-基(吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.037) 1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.038) 1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.039) 1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.040) 1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.041) 1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.042) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.043) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.044) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.045) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯-苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.046) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.047) 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.048) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.049) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.050) 2-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羥基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.051) 2-[2-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.052) 2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.053) 2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.054) 2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)戊-2-醇、(1.055)氯氟醚菌唑(mefentrifluconazole)、(1.056) 2-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.057) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟-苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.058) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氫-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.059) 5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)環戊醇、(1.060) 5-(烯丙硫基)-1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.061) 5-(烯丙硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.062) 5-(烯丙硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)環氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.063) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.064) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.065) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.066) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-五氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.067) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-四氟乙基)硫基]-苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.068) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,2-三氟-乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.069) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-四氟丙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.070) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(五氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.071) N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.072) N'-(4-{[3-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]硫基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.073) N'-(4-{3-[(二氟甲基)硫基]苯氧基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.074) N'-[5-溴-6-(2,3-二氫-1H-茚-2-基氧基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基-甲醯胺、(1.075) N'-{4-[(4,5-二氯-1,3-噻唑-2-基)氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.076) N'-{5-溴-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.077) N'-{5-溴-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.078) N'-{5-溴-6-[(順式-4-異丙基-環己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.079) N'-{5-溴-6-[(反式-4-異丙基環己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.080) N'-{5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基-甲醯胺、(1.081) Ipfentrifluconazole、(1.082) 2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.083) 2-[6-(4-溴苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.084) 2-[6-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.085) 3-[2-(1-氯環丙基)-3-(3-氯-2-氟-苯基)-2-羥基-丙基]咪唑-4-甲腈、(1.086) 4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,1-二氟-2-羥基-3-(5-硫酮基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙基]-3-吡啶基]氧基]苄腈、(1.087) N-異丙基-N'-[5-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1-羥基-1-苯基乙基二氟)苯基]-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺、(1.088) N'-{5-溴-2-甲基-6-[(1-丙氧基丙-2-基)氧基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基-甲醯胺、(1.089)菲克利(hexaconazole)、(1.090)平克座(penconazole)、(1.091)芬克座(fenbuconazole)。
2)呼吸鏈複合物I或II的抑制劑,舉例來說:(2.001)苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、(2.002)聯苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、(2.003)白克列(boscalid)、(2.004)萎鏽靈(carboxin)、(2.005)氟派瑞(fluopyram)、(2.006)福多寧(flutolanil)、(2.007)氟克殺(fluxapyroxad)、(2.008)福拉比(furametpyr)、(2.009) 異丙噻菌胺(Isofetamid)、(2.010)亞派占(isopyrazam)(逆-差向異構鏡像異構物1R,4S,9S)、(2.011)亞派占(逆-差向異構鏡像異構物1S,4R,9R)、(2.012)亞派占(逆-差向異構消旋物1RS,4SR,9SR)、(2.013)亞派占(同-差向異構消旋物1RS,4SR,9RS與逆-差向異構消旋物1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)、(2.014)亞派占(同-差向異構鏡像異構物1R,4S,9R)、(2.015)亞派占(同-差向異構鏡像異構物1S,4R,9S)、(2.016)亞派占(同-差向異構消旋物1RS,4SR,9RS)、(2.017)平氟芬(penflufen)、(2.018)平硫瑞(penthiopyrad)、(2.019)氟唑菌醯羥胺(pydiflumetofen)、(2.020) Pyraziflumid、(2.021)氟唑環菌胺(sedaxane)、(2.022) 1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.023) 1,3-二甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.024) 1,3-二甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.025) 1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)聯苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.026) 2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)苯甲醯胺、(2.027) 3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.028) inpyrfluxam、(2.029) 3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.030)氟茚唑菌胺(fluindapyr)、(2.031) 3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.032) 3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.033) 5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)-吡啶-2-基]氧基}苯基)乙基]喹唑啉-4-胺、(2.034) N-(2-環戊基-5-氟苯甲基)-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.035) N-(2-三級丁基-5-甲基苯甲基)-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.036) N-(2-三級丁基苯甲基)-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.037) N-(5-氯-2-乙基苄基)-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.038) isoflucypram、(2.039) N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亞甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氫-1,4-甲橋萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.040) N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亞甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氫-1,4-甲橋萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.041) N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.042) N-[2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.043) N-[3-氯-2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.044) N-[5-氯-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.045) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-N-[5-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.046) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-氟-6-異丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.047) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-異丙基-5-甲基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.048) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-異丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-硫代甲醯胺、(2.049) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-異丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.050) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(5-氟-2-異丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.051) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-4,5-二甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.052) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-氟苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.053) N-環丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.054) N-環丙基-N-(2-環丙基-5-氟苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.055) N-環丙基-N-(2-環丙基-5-甲基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.056) N-環丙基-N-(2-環丙基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺、(2.057) pyrapropoyne、(2.058) N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)環丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)-菸醯胺、(2.059) N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)環丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)菸醯胺。
3)呼吸鏈複合物III的抑制劑,舉例來說:(3.001)滅脫定(ametoctradin)、(3.002)安美速(amisulbrom)、(3.003)亞托敏(azoxystrobin)、(3.004)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、(3.005)丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)、(3.006)賽座滅(cyazofamid)、(3.007)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、(3.008)烯肟菌酯(enoxastrobin)、(3.009)凡殺同(famoxadone)、(3.010)咪唑菌酮(fenamidon)、(3.011)氟菌蟎酯(flufenoxystrobin)、(3.012)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、(3.013)克收欣(kresoxim-methyl)、(3.014)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、(3.015)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(3.016)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、(3.017)百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、(3.018)唑菌胺酯(pyrametostrobin)、(3.019)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、(3.020)三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、(3.021) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯基乙烯基]氧基}苯基)亞乙基]胺基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亞胺基)-N-甲基乙醯胺、(3.022) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亞胺基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯醯胺、(3.023) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙醯胺、(3.024) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙醯胺、(3.025) fenpicoxamid、(3.026) mandestrobin、(3.027) N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基環己基)-3-甲醯胺基-2-羥基苯甲醯胺、(3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亞胺基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯醯胺、(3.029) 甲基{5-[3-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-2-甲基苄基}胺基甲酸酯、(3.030) metyltetraprole、(3.031) florylpicoxamid。
4)有絲分裂和細胞分裂抑制劑,舉例來說:(4.001)貝芬替(carbendazim)、(4.002)乙黴威(diethofencarb)、(4.003)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、(4.004)氟比來(fluopicolide)、(4.005)賓克隆(pencycuron)、(4.006)腐絕(thiabendazole)、(4.007)甲基多保淨(thiophanate-methyl)、(4.008)座賽胺(zoxamide)、(4.009) pyridachlometyl、(4.010) 3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基嗒𠯤、(4.011) 3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)嗒𠯤、(4.012) 4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.013) 4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.014) 4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.015) 4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.016) 4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.017) 4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.018) 4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.019) 4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.020) 4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.021) 4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.022) 4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基嗒𠯤、(4.023) N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.024) N-(2-溴苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.025) N-(4-氯-2,6-二氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.026)氟醚菌醯胺(fluopimomide)。
5)能夠具有多位點作用的化合物,舉例來說:(5.001)波爾多混合劑(bordeaux mixture)、(5.002)四氯丹(captafol)、(5.003)蓋普丹(captan)、(5.004)四氯異苯腈(chlorothalonil)、(5.005)氫氧化銅、(5.006)環烷酸銅、(5.007)氧化銅、(5.008)氧氯化銅、(5.009)硫酸銅(2+)、(5.010)腈硫醌(dithianon)、(5.011)多寧(dodine)、(5.012)福爾培(folpet)、(5.013)鋅錳乃浦(mancozeb)、(5.014)錳乃浦(maneb)、(5.015)免得爛(metiram)、(5.016)免得爛鋅(metiram zinc)、(5.017)快得寧(oxine-copper)、(5.018)甲基鋅乃浦(propineb)、(5.019)硫和硫製備物,包括多硫化鈣,(5.020)得恩地(thiram)、(5.021)鋅乃浦(zineb)、(5.022)吉闌(ziram)、(5.023) 6-乙基-5,7-二側氧基-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯并[3',4':5,6][1,4]二噻英(dithiino)[2,3-c][1,2]噻唑-3-甲腈。
6)能夠激發宿主防禦的化合物,舉例來說:(6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl、(6.002)亞汰尼(isotianil)、(6.003)撲殺熱(probenazole)、(6.004)噻醯菌胺(tiadinil)。
7)胺基酸及/或蛋白質生合成抑制劑,舉例來說:(7.001)賽普洛(cyprodinil)、(7.002)嘉賜黴素(kasugamycin)、(7.003)嘉賜黴素氫氯酸鹽水合物、(7.004)土黴素(oxytetracycline)、(7.005)派美尼(pyrimethanil)、(7.006) 3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉-1-基)喹啉。
8) ATP生產抑制劑,例如 (8.001) 矽噻菌胺(silthiofam)。
9)細胞壁合成抑制劑,舉例來說:(9.001) benthiavalicarb、(9.002)達滅芬(dimethomorph)、(9.003)氟嗎啉(flumorph)、(9.004)丙森鋅(iprovalicarb)、(9.005)曼普胺(mandipropamid)、(9.006)丁吡嗎啉(pyrimorph)、(9.007) valifenalate、(9.008) (2E)-3-(4-三級丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(嗎啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-三級丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(嗎啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮。
10) 脂質與膜合成抑制劑,舉例來說:(10.001)普力克(propamocarb)、(10.002)普拔克(propamocarb hydrochloride)、(10.003)脫克松(tolclofos-methyl)。
11)黑色素生合成抑制劑,舉例來說:(11.001)三賽唑(tricyclazole)、(11.002) tolprocarb。
12)核酸合成抑制劑,舉例來說:(12.001)本達樂(benalaxyl)、(12.002)右本達樂(benalaxyl-M) (kiralaxyl)、(12.003)滅達樂(metalaxyl)、(12.004)右滅達樂(metalaxyl-M) (美芬諾(mefenoxam))。
13)信號轉導抑制劑,舉例來說:(13.001)護汰寧(fludioxonil)、(13.002)依普同(iprodione)、(13.003)撲滅寧(procymidone)、(13.004)普快淨(proquinazid)、(13.005)快諾芬(quinoxyfen)、(13.006)免克寧(vinclozolin)。
14)能作用為去耦聯劑的化合物,舉例來說:(14.001)扶吉胺(fluazinam)、(14.002)硝苯菌酯(meptyldinocap)。
15)另外的殺真菌劑,選自於由下列組成之群組:(15.001)脫落酸(abscisic acid)、(15.002)佈生(benthiazole)、(15.003) bethoxazin、(15.004)卡巴西黴素(capsimycin)、(15.005)香旱芹酮(carvone)、(15.006)蟎離丹(chinomethionat)、(15.007)硫雜靈(cufraneb)、(15.008)賽芬胺(cyflufenamid)、(15.009)克絕(cymoxanil)、(15.010) cyprosulfamide、(15.011) flutianil、(15.012)福賽得(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.013)福賽得鈣(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.014)福賽得鈉(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.015)異硫氰酸甲酯、(15.016)滅芬農(metrafenone)、(15.017)米多黴素(mildiomycin)、(15.018)鏈黴菌素(natamycin)、(15.019)二甲基二硫基胺基甲酸鎳、(15.020)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.021) oxamocarb、(15.022)氟噻唑吡乙酮(oxathiapiprolin)、(15.023) oxyfenthiin、(15.024)五氯酚及鹽類、(15.025)亞磷酸及其鹽類、(15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate、(15.027) pyriofenone (chlazafenone)、(15.028) tebufloquin、(15.029)克枯爛(tecloftalam)、(15.030) tolnifanide、(15.031) 1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.032) 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.033) 2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.034) dipymetitrone、(15.035) 2-[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.036) 2-[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氯-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.037) 2-[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氟-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)-苯基]-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.038) 2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.041) ipflufenoquin、(15.042) 2-{2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]苯基}丙-2-醇、(15.043) fluoxapiprolin、(15.044) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑-5-基}苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.045) 2-苯基苯酚及其鹽、(15.046) 3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.047) quinofumelin、(15.048) 4-胺基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互變異構形式:4-胺基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-酮)、(15.049) 4-側氧基-4-[(2-苯基乙基)胺基]丁酸、(15.050) 5-胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.051) 5-氯-N'-苯基-N'-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩2-磺醯肼、(15.052) 5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.053) 5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.054) 9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氫-1,4-苯并氧雜氮呯、(15.055)丁-3-炔-1-基{6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亞甲基]胺基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}胺基甲酸酯、(15.056)乙基(2Z)-3-胺基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸酯、(15.057)啡𠯤-1-甲酸、(15.058) 丙基3,4,5-三羥基苯甲酸酯、(15.059)喹啉-8-醇、(15.060)喹啉-8-醇硫酸鹽(2:1)、(15.061)三級丁基{6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亞甲基]胺基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}胺基甲酸酯、(15.062) 5-氟-4-亞胺基-3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-3,4-二氫嘧啶-2(1H)-酮、(15.063) aminopyrifen、(15.064) (N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基-甲醯胺)、(15.065) (N'-(2-氯-5-甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亞胺基甲醯胺)、(15.066) (2-{2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]-6-氟苯基}丙-2-醇)、(15.067) (5-溴-1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉)、(15.068) (3-(4,4-二氟-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氫噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-基)喹啉)、(15.069) (1-(4,5-二甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉)、(15.070) 8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉-1-基)喹啉酮(quinolone)、(15.071) 8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉-1-基)喹啉酮、(15.072) 3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉-1-基)-8-氟喹啉、(15.073) (N-甲基-N-苯基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺)、(15.074) 甲基{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基}胺基甲酸酯、(15.075) (N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苄基}環丙烷甲醯胺)、(15.076) N-甲基-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.077) N-[(E)-甲氧基亞胺基-甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.078) N-[(Z)-甲氧基亞胺基甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.079) N-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]環丙烷甲醯胺、(15.080) N-(2-氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.081) 2,2-二氟-N-甲基-2-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]乙醯胺、(15.082) N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]乙醯胺、(15.083) N-[(E)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-亞胺羰基]-4-(5-(三氟-甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.084) N-[(Z)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-亞胺羰基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.085) N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙醯胺、(15.086) 4,4-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯啶-2-酮、(15.087) N-甲基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯硫代甲醯胺(benzenecarbothioamide)、(15.088) 5-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯啶-2-酮、(15.089) N-((2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]-3,3,3-三氟-丙醯胺、(15.090) 1-甲氧基-1-甲基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟-甲基}-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.091) 1,1-二乙基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.092) N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙醯胺、(15.093) N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]環丙烷甲醯胺、(15.094) 1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.095) N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基)環丙烷甲醯胺、(15.096) N,2-二甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙醯胺、(15.097) N-乙基-2-甲基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]丙醯胺、(15.098) 1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟-甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.099) 1,3-二甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.100) 3-乙基-1-甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.101) 1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.102) 4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]異㗁唑啶-3-酮、(15.103) 5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]異㗁唑啶-3-酮、(15.104) 3,3-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.105) 1-[[3-氟-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]-苯基]甲基]氮雜環庚烷-2-酮、(15.106) 4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]-苯基]甲基]異㗁唑啶-3-酮、(15.107) 5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]異㗁唑啶-3-酮、(15.108) 1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸乙酯、(15.109) N,N-二甲基-1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-胺、(15.110) N-{2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苄基}丁醯胺、(15.111) N-(1-甲基環丙基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.112) N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯甲醯胺、(15.113) 1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉、(15.114) 1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫-異喹啉、(15.115) 1-(5-(氟甲基)-6-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉、(15.116) 1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉、(15.117) 4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基二甲基-胺基甲酸酯、(15.118) N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-㗁二唑-3-基]苯基}丙醯胺、(15.119) 3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氫-2,4-苯并二氧雜環庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.120) 9-氟-3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氫-2,4-苯并二氧雜環庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.121) 3-[2-(1-{[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氫-2,4-苯并二氧雜環庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.122) 3-[2-(1-{[3,5-雙(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙醯基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-9-氟-1,5-二氫-2,4-苯并二氧雜環庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.123) 1-(6,7-二甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氫異喹啉、(15.124) 8-氟-N-(4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基)喹啉-3-甲醯胺、(15.125) 8-氟-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基]喹啉-3-甲醯胺、(15.126) N-(2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲醯胺與(15.127) N-[(2S)-2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基]-8-氟喹啉-3-甲醯胺。
根據本發明之殺蟲劑 (a) 的實例為:
(1)乙醯膽鹼酯酶(AChE)-抑制劑,譬如胺基甲酸酯類、Alanycarb、得滅克(Aldicarb)、免敵克(Bendiocarb)、免扶克(Benfuracarb)、佈嘉信(Butocarboxim)、丁酮碸威(Butoxycarboxim)、加保利(Carbaryl)、加保扶(Carbofuran)、丁硫加保扶(Carbosulfan)、愛芬克(Ethiofencarb)、丁基滅必蝨(Fenobucarb)、覆滅蟎(Formetanate)、扶線威(Furathiocarb)、滅必蝨(Isoprocarb)、滅賜克(Methiocarb)、納乃得(Methomyl)、治滅蝨(Metolcarb)、毆殺滅(Oxamyl)、比加普(Pirimicarb)、安丹(Propoxur)、硫敵克(Thiodicarb)、硫伐隆(Thiofanox)、唑蚜威(Triazamate)、混殺威(Trimethacarb)、XMC與滅爾蝨(Xylylcarb)或有機磷酸酯類,譬如毆殺松(Acephate)、亞滅松(Azamethiphos)、乙基谷速松(Azinphos-ethyl)、谷速松(Azinphos-methyl)、硫線磷(Cadusafos)、氯氧磷(Chloretoxyfos)、氯芬松(Chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(Chlormephos)、甲基陶斯松(Chlorpyrifos-methyl)、蠅毒磷(Coumaphos)、氰乃松(Cyanophos)、滅賜松(Demeton-S-methyl)、大利松(Diazinon)、二氯松(Dichlorvos/DDVP)、雙特松(Dicrotophos)、大滅松(Dimethoate)、甲基毒蟲畏(Dimethylvinphos)、二硫松(Disulfoton)、EPN、愛殺松(Ethion)、普伏松(Ethoprophos)、氨磺磷(Famphur)、芬滅松(Fenamiphos)、撲滅松(Fenitrothion)、芬殺松(Fenthion)、福賽絕(Fosthiazate)、飛達松(Heptenophos)、Imicyafos、亞芬松(Isofenphos)、O-(甲氧基胺基硫代磷醯基)水楊酸異丙酯、加福松(Isoxathion)、馬拉松(Malathion)、滅加松(Mecarbam)、達馬松(Methamidophos)、滅大松(Methidathion)、美文松(Mevinphos)、亞素靈(Monocrotophos)、乃力松(Naled)、毆滅松(Omethoate)、滅多松(Oxydemeton-methyl)、甲基巴拉松(Parathion-methyl)、賽達松(Phenthoate)、福瑞松(Phorate)、裕必松(Phosalon)、益滅松(Phosmet)、福賜米松(Phosphamidon)、巴賽松(Phoxim)、亞特松(Pirimiphos-methyl)、佈飛松(Profenofos)、撲達松(Propetamphos)、普硫松(Prothiofos)、白克松(Pyraclofos)、必芬松(Pyridaphenthion)、拜裕松(Quinalphos)、硫特普(Sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(Tebupirimfos)、亞培松(Temephos)、托福松(Terbufos)、樂本松(Tetrachlorvinphos)、硫滅松(Thiometon)、三落松(Triazophos)、三氯松(Triclorfon)與繁米松(Vamidothion)。
(2) GABA-閘控性氯通道拮抗劑,較佳為環二烯-有機氯類,選自可氯丹(Chlordane)與安殺番(Endosulfan)群組,或苯基吡唑類(Fiprole),選自益斯普(Ethiprole)與芬普尼(Fipronil)。
(3) 鈉通道調節劑/電壓-依賴性鈉通道阻斷劑,舉例來說,除蟲菊類(pyrethroids),譬如阿納寧(Acrinathrin)、亞烈寧(Allethrin)、d-順反亞烈寧、d-反式亞烈寧、畢芬寧(Bifenthrin)、百亞列寧(Bioallethrin)、百亞列寧S-環戊烯基異構物、百列滅寧(Bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(Cycloprothrin)、賽扶寧(Cyfluthrin)、貝他賽扶寧(beta-Cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(Cyhalothrin)、賽洛寧(lambda-Cyhalothrin)、伽瑪賽洛寧(gamma-Cyhalothrin)、賽滅寧(Cypermethrin)、亞滅寧(alpha-Cypermethrin)、貝他賽滅寧(beta-Cypermethrin)、西塔賽滅寧(theta-Cypermethrin)、傑他賽滅寧(zeta-Cypermethrin)、賽酚寧(Cyphenothrin) [(1R)-反式異構物]、第滅寧(Deltamethrin)、益避寧(Empenthrin) [(EZ)-(1R)異構物])、益化利(Esfenvalerate)、依芬寧(Etofenprox)、芬普寧(Fenpropathrin)、芬化利(Fenvalerate)、護賽寧(Flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(Flumethrin)、福化利(tau-Fluvalinate)、合芬寧(Halfenprox)、依普寧(Imiprothrin)、剋特寧(Kadethrin)、Momfluorothrin、百滅寧(Permethrin)、撲滅芬(Phenothrin) [(1R)-反式異構物]、普亞列寧(Prallethrin)、除蟲菊素(Pyrethrine) (pyrethrum)、列滅寧(Resmethrin)、矽護芬(Silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(Tefluthrin)、治滅寧(Tetramethrin)、治滅寧[(1R)異構物)]、泰滅寧(Tralomethrin)與拜富寧(Transfluthrin)或DDT或甲氧滴滴涕(Methoxychlor)。
(4) 菸鹼性乙醯膽鹼受體(nAChR)競爭性活化劑,較佳為新菸鹼類,選自亞滅培(Acetamiprid)、可尼丁(Clothianidin)、達特南(Dinotefuran)、益達胺(Imidacloprid)、烯啶蟲胺(Nitenpyram)、賽果培(Thiacloprid)與賽速安(Thiamethoxam)或尼古丁(Nicotin),或硫醯亞胺類(Sulfoximine),選自速殺氟(Sulfoxaflor),或丁烯羥酸內酯類(Butenolide),選自氟吡呋喃酮(Flupyradifurone),或中離子化合物(Mesoionics),選自三氟苯嘧啶(Triflumezopyrim)。
(5) 菸鹼性乙醯膽鹼受體(nAChR)異位型活化劑,較佳為Spinosyne,選自賜諾特(Spinetoram)與賜諾殺(Spinosad)。
(6) 麩胺酸-依賴性氯化物通道(GluCl)異位型調節劑,較佳為阿維菌素/米貝黴素(Avermectine/Milbemycine),選自阿巴汀(Abamectin)、因滅汀(Emamectin-benzoate)、雷皮菌素(Lepimectin)與密滅汀(Milbemectin)。
(7) 青春激素模擬物,較佳為青春激素類似物,選自烯蟲乙酯(Hydropren)、烯蟲炔酯(Kinopren)與美賜平(Methopren)、或芬諾克(Fenoxycarb)或百利普芬(Pyriproxyfen)。
(8) 各種非特異性(多位點)抑制劑,較佳為烷基鹵化物,選自甲基溴與其他烷基鹵化物、或氯化苦(Chloropicrin)或硫醯氟(Sulfurylfluorid)或硼砂(borax)或吐酒石(Tartar emetic)或甲基異氰酸酯生成劑,選自邁隆(Diazomet)與斯美地(Metam)。
(9) 弦音器(chordotonal organs)的TRPV通道調節劑,選自派滅淨(Pymetrozin)與Pyrifluquinazon。
(10) 蟎生長抑制劑,選自克芬蟎(Clofentezin)、合賽多(Hexythiazox)、Diflovidazin與依殺蟎(Etoxazol)。
(11) 昆蟲腸膜的微生物性破壞劑,選自蘇力菌以色列亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies israelensis)、球形桿菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、蘇力菌鮎澤亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies aizawai)、蘇力菌庫斯克亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies kurstaki)、蘇力菌擬步甲亞種(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis)與選自下列的B.t.-植物蛋白:Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry1A.105、Cry2Ab、VIP3A、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb與Cry34Ab1/35Ab1。
(12) 粒線體ATP合成酶抑制劑,較佳為ATP破壞劑,選自汰芬隆(Diafenthiuron)、或有機錫化合物,選自亞環鍚(Azocyclotin)、錫蟎丹(Cyhexatin)與芬佈賜(Fenbutatin-oxide)或毆蟎多(Propargit)或得脫蟎(Tetradifon)。
(13) 藉由擾亂質子梯度的氧化性磷酸化去耦劑,選自克凡派(Chlorfenapyr)、DNOC與氟蟲胺(Sulfluramid)。
(14) 菸鹼性乙醯膽鹼受體通道阻斷劑,選自免速達(Bensultap)、培丹鹽酸鹽(Cartap-hydrochlorid)、硫賜安(Thiocyclam)與雙蟲殺(Thiosultap-Sodium)。
(15) 幾丁質生合成抑制劑,第0型,選自雙三氟蟲脲(Bistrifluron)、克福隆(Chlorfluazuron)、二福隆(Diflubenzuron)、氟環脲(Flucycloxuron)、氟芬隆(Flufenoxuron)、六伏隆(Hexaflumuron)、祿芬隆(Lufenuron)、諾伐隆(Novaluron)、諾福隆(Noviflumuron)、得福隆(Teflubenzuron)與三福隆(Triflumuron)。
(16) 幾丁質生合成抑制劑,Typ 1選自布芬淨(Buprofezin)。
(17) 雙翅類蛻皮擾亂劑(尤其是雙翅目,即兩翅昆蟲),選自賽滅淨(Cyromazin)。
(18) 蛻皮激素受體促效劑,選自可芬諾(Chromafenozid)、氯蟲醯肼(Halofenozid)、滅芬諾(Methoxyfenozid)與得芬諾(Tebufenozid)。
(19) 章魚胺能受體促效劑,選自三亞蟎(Amitraz)。
(20) 粒線體複合物III電子傳遞抑制劑,選自愛美松(Hydramethylnon)、亞醌蟎(Acequinocyl)與嘧蟎酯(Fluacrypyrim)。
(21) 粒線體複合物I電子傳遞抑制劑,較佳為所謂的METI-殺蟎劑,選自芬殺蟎(Fenazaquin)、芬普蟎(Fenpyroximat)、畢汰芬(Pyrimidifen)、畢達本(Pyridaben)、得芬瑞(Tebufenpyrad)與脫芬瑞(Tolfenpyrad)、或魚藤精(Rotenon) (Derris)。
(22) 電壓依賴性鈉通道阻斷劑,選自因得克(Indoxacarb)與美氟綜(Metaflumizone)。
(23) 乙醯基-CoA羧化酶抑制劑,較佳為特窗酸(tetronic acid)與特拉姆酸(te tramic acid)衍生物,選自賜派芬(Spirodiclofen)、賜滅芬(Spiromesifen)、賜派滅(Spirotetramat)與Spidoxamate (IUPAC名稱: 11-(4-氯-2,6-二甲苯基)-12-羥基-1,4-二氧雜-9-氮雜二螺[4.2.4.2]十四-11-烯-10-酮)。
(24) 粒線體複合物IV電子傳遞抑制劑,較佳為膦類,選自好達勝(aluminium phosphide)、磷化鈣、膦與磷化鋅、或氰化物,選自氰化鈣、氰化鉀和氰化鈉。
(25) 粒線體複合物II電子傳遞抑制劑,較佳為貝他-酮腈衍生物,選自賽派芬(Cyenopyrafen)與賽芬蟎(Cyflumetofen)、或羧醯苯胺類,選自Pyflubumid。
(28) 魚尼丁受體調節劑,較佳為二醯胺類,選自剋安勃(Chlorantraniliprol)、賽安勃(Cyantraniliprol)與氟大滅(Flubendiamid)。
(29) 弦音器(未定義目標結構)的調節劑,選自氟尼胺(Flonicamid)。
(30) 其他活性成分,選自Acynonapyr、雙丙環蟲酯(Afidopyropen)、阿福拉那(Afoxolaner)、印楝素(Azadirachtin)、Benclothiaz、西脫蟎(Benzoximat)、Benzpyrimoxan、必芬蟎(Bifenazat)、Broflanilid、新殺蟎(Bromopropylat)、蟎離丹(Chinomethionat)、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯(Chloroprallethrin)、冰晶石(Cryolit)、環溴蟲醯胺(Cyclaniliprol)、環氧蟲啶(Cycloxaprid)、氯氟氰蟲醯胺(Cyhalodiamid)、Dicloromezotiaz、大克蟎(Dicofol)、Dimpropyridaz、ε-美特靈(epsilon Metofluthrin)、epsilon Momfluthrin、Flometoquin、三氟咪啶醯胺(Fluazaindolizin)、氟速芬(Fluensulfon)、嘧蟲胺(Flufenerim)、氟菌蟎酯(Flufenoxystrobin)、丁烯氟蟲腈(Flufiprol)、Fluhexafon、氟派瑞(Fluopyram)、Flupyrimin、弗雷拉納(Fluralaner)、Fluxametamid、呋喃蟲醯肼(Fufenozid)、戊吡蟲胍(Guadipyr)、右旋七氟甲醚菊酯(Heptafluthrin)、氯噻啉(Imidaclothiz)、依普同(Iprodione)、Isocycloseram、κ-畢芬寧(kappa Bifenthrin)、κ-七氟菊酯(kappa Tefluthrin)、Lotilaner、氯氟醚菊酯(Meperfluthrin)、Oxazosulfyl、哌蟲啶(Paichongding)、三氟甲吡醚(Pyridalyl)、Pyrifluquinazon、嘧蟎胺(Pyriminostrobin)、螺蟎雙酯(Spirobudiclofen)、Spiropidion、四氟醚菊酯(Tetramethylfluthrin)、四唑蟲醯胺(Tetraniliprol)、四氯蟲醯胺(Tetrachlorantraniliprol)、Tigolaner、Tioxazafen、硫氟肟醚(Thiofluoximat)與碘甲烷;得自堅強芽孢桿菌(Bacillus firmus)的產品(I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo)以及下列化合物:1-{2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亞磺醯基]苯基}-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺(習知自WO2006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6)、{1'-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-氟螺[吲哚-3,4'-哌啶]-1(2H)-基}(2-氯吡啶-4-基)甲酮(習知自WO2003/106457) (CAS 637360-23-7)、2-氯-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]哌啶-4-基}-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]異菸鹼醯胺(習知自WO2006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-4-羥基-8-甲氧基-1,8-二氮雜螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮(習知自WO 2010052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-側氧基-1,8-二氮雜螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基乙基碳酸酯(習知自EP 2647626) (CAS-1440516-42-6)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-5-氟嘧啶(習知自WO2004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0)、PF1364 (習知自JP2010/018586) (CAS登錄號1204776-60-2)、(3E)-3-[1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-吡啶亞基]-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-酮(習知自WO2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6)、N-[3-(苄基胺基甲醯基)-4-氯苯基]-1-甲基-3-(五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲醯胺(習知自WO2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0)、5-溴-4-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲基胺基甲醯基)苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)吡唑-3-甲醯胺(習知自CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氫-5-(三氟甲基)-3-異㗁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(順式-1-氧橋-3-硫雜環丁烷基)苯甲醯胺、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氫-5-(三氟甲基)-3-異㗁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(反式-1-氧橋-3-硫雜環丁烷基)苯甲醯胺與4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氫-5-(三氟甲基)-3-異㗁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(順式-1-氧橋-3-硫雜環丁烷基)苯甲醯胺(習知自WO 2013/050317 A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亞磺醯基]丙醯胺、(+)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亞磺醯基]丙醯胺與(-)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亞磺醯基]丙醯胺(習知自WO 2013/162715 A2、WO 2013/162716 A2、US 2014/0213448 A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7)、5-[[(2E)-3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基]胺基]-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亞磺醯基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(習知自CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2)、3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲基胺基)硫酮基甲基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲醯胺(硫代苯甲醯胺(Liudaibenjiaxuanan),習知自CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9);N-[4-氯-2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)胺基]羰基]-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(氟甲氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲醯胺(習知自WO 2012/034403 A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0)、N-[2-(5-胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲醯胺(習知自WO 2011/085575 A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8)、4-[3-[2,6-二氯-4-[(3,3-二氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氧基]苯氧基]丙氧基]-2-甲氧基-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶(習知自CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6);(2E)-與2(Z)-2-[2-(4-氰基苯基)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亞乙基]-N-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]肼甲醯胺(習知自CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9);環丙烷甲酸-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基-4-(1H苯并咪唑-2-基)苯酯(習知自CN 103524422 A) (CAS 1542271-46-4);(4aS)-7-氯-2,5-二氫-2-[[(甲氧基羰基)[4-[(三氟甲基)硫基]苯基]胺基]羰基]茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]㗁二𠯤-4a(3H)-甲酸甲酯(習知自CN 102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2);6-去氧基-3-O-乙基-2,4-二-O-甲基-1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]苯基]胺基甲酸酯]-α-L-甘露吡喃糖(習知自US 2014/0275503 A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8);8-(2-環丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基嗒𠯤-3-基)-3-氮雜雙環[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS 1253850-56-4)、(8-逆)-8-(2-環丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基嗒𠯤-3-基)-3-氮雜雙環[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS 933798-27-7)、(8-同)-8-(2-環丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基嗒𠯤-3-基)-3-氮雜雙環[3.2.1]辛烷(習知自WO 2007040280 A1、WO 2007040282 A1) (CAS 934001-66-8)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硫基]丙醯胺(習知自WO 2015/058021 A1、WO 2015/058028 A1) (CAS 1477919-27-9)以及N-[4-(胺基硫酮甲基)-2-甲基-6-[(甲基胺基)羰基]苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲醯胺(習知自CN 103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7)、5-(1,3-二㗁烷-2-基)-4-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]-嘧啶(習知自WO 2013/115391 A1) (CAS 1449021-97-9)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,8-二氮雜螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮(習知自WO 2014/187846 A1) (CAS 1638765-58-8)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-1-甲基-2-側氧基-1,8-二氮雜螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基-甲酸乙酯(習知自 WO 2010/066780 A1、WO 2011151146 A1) (CAS 1229023-00-0)、4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯-4-氟苯基)-4,5-二氫-5-(三氟甲基)-3-異㗁唑基]-N-[(4R)-2-乙基-3-側氧基-4-異㗁唑烷基]-2-甲基-苯甲醯胺(習知自WO 2011/067272, WO2013/050302) (CAS 1309959-62-3)。
根據本發明之除草劑a) 的實例為:
乙草胺(Acetochlor)、亞喜芬(acifluorfen)、亞喜芬鈉鹽(acifluorfen-sodium)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、拉草(alachlor)、草毒死(allidochlor)、alloxydim、亞汰草(alloxydim-sodium)、草殺淨(ametryn)、胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)、amidochlor、醯嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-甲酸、氯丙嘧啶酸(aminocyclopyrachlor)、氯丙嘧啶酸鉀鹽、氯丙嘧啶酸甲酯、氯胺吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、殺草強(amitrole)、胺基磺酸銨(ammoniumsulfamate)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、亞速爛(asulam)、草脫淨(atrazine)、草芬定(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、氟丁醯草胺(beflubutamid)、草除靈(benazolin)、草除靈乙酯(benazolin-ethyl)、倍尼芬(benfluralin)、呋草黃(benfuresate)、bensulfuron、免速隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、地散磷(bensulide)、本達隆(bentazon)、苯并雙環酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟吡草酮(bicyclopyron)、必芬諾(bifenox)、畢拉草(bilanafos)、畢拉草鈉鹽(bilanafos-sodium)、bispyribac、雙草醚(bispyribac-sodium)、bixlozone、克草(bromacil)、溴丁醯草胺(bromobutide)、溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、溴苯腈丁酸酯、溴苯腈鉀鹽、溴苯腈庚酸酯、與溴苯腈辛酸酯、羥草酮(busoxinone)、丁基拉草(butachlor)、布芬草(butafenacil)、抑草磷(butamifos)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、比達寧(butralin)、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、拔敵草(butylate)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、卡草胺(carbetamide)、克繁草(carfentrazone)、乙基克繁草(carfentrazone-ethyl)、克爛本(chloramben)、滅落寧(chlorbromuron)、1-{2-氯-3-[(3-環丙基-5-羥基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)羰基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基}哌啶-2-酮、4-{2-氯-3-[(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)甲基]-4-(甲基磺醯基)苄醯基}-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸酯、伐草克(chlorfenac)、伐草克鈉鹽(chlorfenac-sodium)、chlorfenprop、氯甲丹(chlorflurenol)、甲基氯甲丹(chlorflurenol-methyl)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron)、乙基氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、2-[2-氯-4-(甲基磺醯基)-3-(嗎啉-4-基甲基)苄醯基]-3-羥基環己-2-烯-1-酮、4-{2-氯-4-(甲基磺醯基)-3-[(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)甲基]苄醯基}-1-乙基-1H-吡唑-5-基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸酯、chlorophthalim、綠麥隆(chlorotoluron)、大克草(chlorthal-dimethyl)、3-[5-氯-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-4-羥基-1-甲基咪唑啶-2-酮、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、吲哚酮草(cinidon)、乙基吲哚酮草(cinidon-ethyl)、環庚草醚(cinmethylin)、西速隆(cinosulfuron)、氯醯草膦(clacyfos)、剋草同(clethodim)、clodinafop、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、可滅蹤(clomazone)、克普草(clomeprop)、畢克草(clopyralid)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam)、甲基氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam-methyl)、康美隆(cumyluron)、氰滿素(cyanamide)、氰乃淨(cyanazine)、草滅特(cycloate)、cyclopyranil、cyclopyrimorate、環磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、環殺草(cycloxydim)、賽伏草(cyhalofop)、丁基賽伏草(cyhalofop-butyl)、環草津(cyprazine);二、四-地;、二、四-地丁氧乙酯(2,4-D-butotyl);二、四-地丁酯;二、四-地二甲銨;二、四-地二醇胺;二、四-地乙酯;二、四-地2-乙基己酯;二、四-地異丁酯;二、四-地異辛酯;二、四-地異丙銨鹽;二、四-地鉀鹽;二、四-地三異丙醇銨鹽與二、四-地三乙醇胺、2,4-DB、2,4-DB-丁酯、2,4-DB-二甲銨、2,4-DB-異辛酯、2,4-DB-鉀、與2,4-DB-鈉、汰草隆(daimuron (dymron))、得拉本(dalapon)、邁隆(dazomet)、正癸醇、甜菜安(desmedipham)、detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP)、汰克草(dicamba)、二氯苯腈(dichlobenil)、滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、滴丙酸-P (dichlorprop-P)、diclofop、禾草靈(diclofop-methyl)、diclofop-P-methyl、雙氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、diethamquat、吡氟醯草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr)、氟吡草腙鈉鹽(diflufenzopyr-sodium)、㗁唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、克草胺(dimethachlor)、異戊乙淨(dimethametryn)、汰草滅(dimethenamid)、汰草滅-P (dimethenamid-P)、3-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-6-[(2-羥基-6-氧基環己-1-烯-1-基)羰基]-1-甲基喹唑啉-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、1,3-二甲基-4-[2-(甲基磺醯基)-4-(三氟甲基)苄醯基]-1H-吡唑-5-基-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸酯、dimetrasulfuron、撻乃安(dinitramine)、特樂酚(dinoterb)、大芬滅(diphenamid)、敵草快(diquat)、二溴敵草快(diquat-dibromid)、汰硫草(dithiopyr)、達有龍(diuron)、DMPA、DNOC、草多索(endothal)、EPTC、禾草畏(esprocarb)、乙氟消草(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、甲基胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙𠯤草酮(ethiozin)、益覆滅(ethofumesate)、氟乳醚(ethoxyfen)、乙基氟乳醚(ethoxyfen-ethyl)、亞速隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、[(3-{2-氯-4-氟-5-[3-甲基-2,6-二側氧基-4-(三氟甲基)-3,6-二氫嘧啶-1(2H)-基]苯氧基}吡啶-2-基]氧基]乙酸乙酯、F-9960、F-5231,即N-{2-氯-4-氟-5-[4-(3-氟丙基)-5-側氧基-4,5-二氫-1H-四唑-1-基]苯基}乙磺醯胺、F-7967,即3-[7-氯-5-氟-2-(三氟甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-4-基]-1-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、fenoxaprop、fenoxaprop-P、芬殺草(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、fenoxaprop-P-ethyl、fenoxasulfone、fenquinotrione、四唑醯草胺(fentrazamide)、麥草伏(flamprop)、麥草伏異丙酯(flamprop-M-isopropyl)、麥草伏甲酯(flamprop-M-methyl)、伏速隆(flazasulfuron)、雙氟磺草胺(florasulam)、fluazifop、fluazifop-P、fluazifop-butyl、伏寄普(fluazifop-P-butyl)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、氟酮磺隆鈉鹽(flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、貝殺寧(fluchloralin)、噻氟草胺(flufenacet)、氟嗒𠯤草酯(flufenpyr)、乙基氟嗒𠯤草酯(flufenpyr-ethyl)、氟磺唑草胺(flumetsulam)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac)、氟胺草酯(flumiclorac-pentyl)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、可奪草(fluometuron)、芴醇(flurenol)、芴醇丁酯、芴醇二甲銨與芴醇甲酯、fluoroglycofen、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、flupropanate、flupyrsulfuron、flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、fluro-chloridone、氟草定(fluroxypyr)、氟氯比(fluroxypyr-meptyl)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、𠯤草酸(fluthiacet)、𠯤草酸甲酯(fluthiacet-methyl)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、氟磺胺草醚鈉(fomesafen-sodium)、甲醯胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、殺木膦(fosamine)、glufosinate、固殺草(glufosinate-ammonium)、glufosinate-P-sodium、glufosinate-P-ammonium、glufosinate-P-sodium、嘉磷塞(glyphosate)、嘉磷塞銨鹽、嘉磷塞異丙銨鹽、嘉磷塞二銨鹽、嘉磷塞二甲銨鹽、嘉磷塞鉀鹽、嘉磷塞鈉鹽與嘉磷塞三甲基硫鹽、H-9201,即O-(2,4-二甲基-6-硝苯基) O-乙基異丙基硫代磷醯胺、halauxifen、氯氟吡啶酯(halauxifen-methyl)、halosafen、halosulfuron、合速隆(halosulfuron-methyl)、合氯氟(haloxyfop)、合氯氟-P、乙氧基乙基合氯氟、乙氧基乙基合氯氟-P、甲基合氯氟、甲基合氯氟-P、菲殺淨(hexazinone)、HW-02,即1-(二甲氧基磷醯基)乙基-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸酯、4-羥基-1-甲氧基-5-甲基-3-[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]咪唑啶-2-酮、4-羥基-1-甲基-3-[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]咪唑啶-2-酮、(5-羥基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)(3,3,4-三甲基-1,1-二氧合-2,3-二氫-1-苯并噻吩-5-基)甲酮、6-[(2-羥基-6-氧基環己-1-烯-1-基)羰基]-1,5-二甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)喹唑啉-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、咪草酸(imazamethabenz)、咪草酸甲酯(imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草煙(imazamox)、甲氧咪草煙銨鹽(imazamox-ammonium)、甲基咪草煙(imazapic)、甲基咪草煙銨鹽(imazapic-ammonium)、依滅草(imazapyr)、依滅草異丙銨鹽(imazapyr-isopropylammonium)、滅草喹(imazaquin)、滅草喹銨(imazaquin-ammonium)、咪草煙(imazethapyr)、咪草煙銨鹽(imazethapyr-ammonium)、依速隆(imazosulfuron)、茚草酮(indanofan)、indaziflam、碘磺隆(iodosulfuron)、甲基碘磺隆鈉鹽(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、碘苯腈辛酸酯、碘苯腈鉀鹽與碘苯腈鈉鹽、三唑醯草胺(ipfencarbazone)、異丙隆(isoproturon)、愛速隆(isouron)、異㗁醯草胺(isoxaben)、異㗁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、卡靈草(karbutilate)、KUH-043,即3-({[5-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]甲基}磺醯基)-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氫-1,2-㗁唑、keto-spiradox、乳氟禾草靈(lactofen)、環草定(lenacil)、理有龍(linuron)、MCPA、MCPA-丁氧乙酯、MCPA-二甲銨、MCPA-2-乙基己酯、MCPA-異丙銨、MCPA-鉀鹽與MCPA-鈉鹽、MCPB、MCPB-甲酯、MCPB-乙酯與MCPB-鈉鹽、mecoprop、mecoprop鈉鹽與mecoprop丁氧乙酯、mecoprop-P、mecoprop-P-丁氧乙酯、mecoprop-二甲銨、mecoprop-2-乙基己酯與mecoprop-鉀鹽、滅芬草(mefenacet)、美福泰(mefluidide)、二磺隆(mesosulfuron)、甲基二磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、甲磺草酮(mesotrione)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、metam、㗁唑醯草胺(metamifop)、苯𠯤草酮(metamitron)、滅草胺(metazachlor)、𠯤吡嘧磺隆(metazosulfuron)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、甲硫嘧磺隆(methiopyrsulfuron)、methiozolin、2-({2-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基]-6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基}羰基)環己-1,3-二酮、異硫氰酸甲酯、1-甲基-4-[(3,3,4-三甲基-1,1-二氧合-2,3-二氫-1-苯并噻吩-5-基)羰基]-1H-吡唑-5-基丙-1-磺酸酯、撲奪草(metobromuron)、莫多草(metolachlor)、S-莫多草、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、滅必淨(metribuzin)、metsulfuron、甲磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、稻得壯(molinat)、綠谷隆(monolinuron)、單嘧磺隆(monosulfuron)、單嘧磺隆酯(monosulfuron-ester)、MT-5950,即N-(3-氯-4-異丙基苯基)-2-甲基戊醯胺、NGGC-011、滅落脫(napropamide)、NC-310,即[5-(苄基氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基](2,4-二氯苯基)-甲酮、草不隆(neburon)、煙嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、壬酸(天竺葵酸)、氟草敏(norflurazon)、油酸(脂肪酸)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、orthosulfamuron、歐拉靈(oryzalin)、炔丙㗁唑草(oxadiargyl)、樂滅草(oxadiazon)、環氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、oxaziclomefon、復祿芬(oxyfluorfen)、巴拉刈(paraquat)、巴拉刈二氯靈(paraquat dichloride)、克草猛(pebulate)、施得圃(pendimethalin)、平速爛(penoxsulam)、五氯酚、環戊㗁草酮(pentoxazone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、石油、甜菜寧(phenmedipham)、畢克爛(picloram)、氟吡醯草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、哌草磷(piperophos)、普拉草(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、氟嘧磺隆甲酯(primisulfuron-methyl)、胺基丙氟靈(prodiamine)、環草苯酮(profoxydim)、撲滅通(prometon)、佈滅淨(prometryn)、雷蒙得(propachlor)、除草靈(propanil)、普拔草(propaquizafop)、普拔根(propazine)、苯胺靈(propham)、異丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙苯磺隆(propoxy-carbazone)、丙苯磺隆鈉鹽(propoxycarbazone-sodium)、丙𠯤嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、戊炔草胺(propyzamide)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、三氟丙磺隆(prosulfuron)、雙唑草腈(pyraclonil)、派芬草(pyraflufen)、乙基派芬草(pyraflufen-ethyl)、磺醯草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、苄草唑(pyrazolynate (pyrazolate))、pyrazosulfuron、百速隆(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)、普芬草(pyrazoxyfen)、pyribambenz、異丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-isopropyl)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-propyl)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、pyridafol、必汰草(pyridate)、環酯草醚(pyriftalid)、pyriminobac、嘧草醚(pyriminobac-methyl)、pyrimi-sulfan、嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac)、嘧硫草醚鈉鹽(pyrithiobac-sodium)、碸吡草唑(pyroxasulfone)、定磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、快克草(quinclorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、莫克草(quino-clamine)、quizalofop、quizalofop乙酯、quizalofop-P、快伏草(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、quizalofop-P-tefuryl、QYM-201、QYR-301、碸嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、殺芬草(saflufenacil)、西殺草(sethoxydim)、環草隆(siduron)、草滅淨(simazine)、西草淨(simetryn)、SL-261、sulcotrion、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron-methyl)、磺醯磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、SYN-523、SYP-249,即1-乙氧基-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-3-烯-2-基5-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-硝基苯甲酸酯、SYP-300,即1-[7-氟-3-側氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基)-3,4-二氫-2H-1,4-苯并㗁𠯤-6-基]-3-丙基-2-硫酮基咪唑啶-4,5-二酮、2,3,6-TBA、TCA (三氯乙酸)、TCA-鈉、得匍隆(tebuthiuron)、tefuryltrione、環磺酮(tembotrione)、得殺草(tepraloxydim)、特草定(terbacil)、特草靈(terbucarb)、特丁通(terbumeton)、特丁津(terbuthylazin)、特丁淨(terbutryn)、tetflupyrolimet、欣克草(thenylchlor)、噻草啶(thiazopyr)、thiencarbazone、噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone-methyl)、thifensulfuron、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron-methyl)、殺丹(thiobencarb)、tiafenacil、tolpyralate、苯唑草酮(topramezone)、肟草酮(tralkoxydim)、氟酮磺草胺(triafamone)、野麥畏(tri-allate)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、triaziflam、tribenuron、苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、三氯比(triclopyr)、草達津(trietazine)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、三氟啶磺隆鈉鹽、trifludimoxazin、三福林(trifluralin)、triflusulfuron、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、硫酸脲、萬隆(vernolate)、ZJ-0862,即3,4-二氯-N-{2-[(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氧基]苯基}苯胺。
該至少一種活性成份宜選自包含殺真菌劑者,其係選自包含前文所述種類者 (1)呼吸鏈複合物的抑制劑,特別是唑類,(2)呼吸鏈複合物I或II的抑制劑,(3)呼吸鏈複合物的抑制劑,(4)有絲分裂和細胞分裂抑制劑,(6)能夠激發宿主防禦的化合物、(10)脂質與膜合成抑制劑與(15)。
較適宜者,該至少一種作為殺真菌劑之活性成份a)係選自包含下列者:氟比來、氟派瑞、氟哌啶(fluoxapiprolin)、氟蟲胺(inpyrfluxam)、異氟普蘭(isoflucypram)、異噻菌胺(isothianil)、得克利(tebuconazole)、三氟敏。
該至少一種殺昆蟲劑較佳選自包含下列殺昆蟲劑之群組,該殺昆蟲劑選自包含本案上述類別:(2) GABA-閘控性氯通道拮抗劑、(3)鈉通道調節劑/電壓-依賴性鈉通道阻斷劑,(4)菸鹼性乙醯膽鹼受體(nAChR)競爭性活化劑、(23)乙醯基-CoA羧化酶抑制劑、(28)魚尼丁受體調節劑、(30)其他活性成分。
亦較適宜者,該作為殺蟲劑之至少一種活性成份a)係選自包含賜派滅、四唑蟲醯胺、益斯普(ethiprole)、益達胺者。
最後較適宜者,該作為除草劑之至少一種活性成份a)係選自包含氟酮磺草胺者。
更較適宜者,該至少一種活性成份係選自包含氟比來(fluopicolide)、氟派瑞(fluopyram)、氟哌啶(fluoxapiprolin)、氟蟲胺(inpyrfluxam)、異氟普蘭(isoflucypram)、異噻菌胺(isothianil)、得克利(tebuconazole)、三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、賜派滅(spirotetramat)、四唑蟲醯胺(tetraniliprole)、益斯普(ethiprole)、益達胺(imidacloprid)及氟酮磺草胺(triafamone)。
於本文中如上所述之所有命名的活性成份均可以游離化合物之形式存在,倘若其等之官能基可實現,或為其等之農化活性鹽。
此外,內消旋形式以及立體異構體或對映體,於適用時,應包括,因為這些變形乃精於技藝者所熟知,以及多晶型變化例。
如無特別指明,於本發明中固態,農化活性化合物a) 應理解為所有習用於植物處理之物質,其熔點係大於20°C。
耐雨性添加物 (b):
適當之耐雨性添加物為丙烯酸基底之乳液聚合物或聚合物分散液及苯乙烯基底之乳液聚合物,或聚合物分散液c) 為水性聚合物分散液,其Tg為由-100°C至30°C之範圍,宜為介於-60°C及20°C之間,更宜為介於-50°C及10°C之間,最宜為介於-45°C 及5°C之間,例如 Acronal V215,Acronal 3612,Licomer ADH 205及Atplus FA。最宜者為Licomer ADH205,及Atplus FA。
較佳者,該聚合物係選自包含下列者:丙烯酸聚合物、苯乙烯聚合物、乙烯聚合物及其衍生物、聚烯烴、聚胺酯及天然聚合物及其衍生物。
更佳者,該聚合物係選自包含下列者:丙烯酸聚合物、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-順式丁烯二酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醋酸酯、部份水解之聚乙烯醋酸酯、甲基乙烯醚-順式丁烯二酸酐共聚物、羧基-改質之聚乙烯醇、乙醯乙醯-改質之聚乙烯醇、雙丙酮-改質之聚乙烯醇及矽-改質之聚乙烯醇、異丙烯基-順式丁烯二酸酐共聚物、聚胺基甲酸酯、纖維素、明膠、酪蛋白、經氧化之澱粉、澱粉-乙烯醋酸酯接枝共聚物、羥基乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素及乙醯纖維素。
於一個具體例中,該聚合物係選自丙烯酸聚合物。
最佳者,該聚合物係選自包含下列者:丙烯酸酯及苯乙烯之共聚物。該丙烯酸酯係選自包含下列者:2-乙基-己基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸丁酯、另丁基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯醯胺、異丁基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、或其組合物。該苯乙烯係選自包含下列者:苯乙烯、第三丁基苯乙烯、對甲基苯乙烯、或其組合物。
於一較佳之具體例中,該聚合物,如上所述,之分子量不大於40000,宜為不大於10000。
於一較佳之具體例中,該聚合物b為一說明於WO 2017/202684之乳狀聚合物。
許多聚合物之玻璃化轉變溫度 (Tg)為已知且於本發明中確定,如無另外定義,根據ASTM E1356-08 (2014) "Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry",其中,樣品係於進行DSC之前於110°C乾燥 1小時以消除水及/或溶劑的影響,DSC樣品之大小為10-15 mg,測量為由-100°C起至100°C,於20°C/min 在N2中,而Tg 定義為過渡區域的中點。
吸收促進劑 (c)
油-作為滲透促進劑,適合之油為常用於農化試劑之所有這類物質。較佳為,蔬菜油、礦物及動物來源者及這些油之烷基酯類。實例為:
- 葵花油、菜籽油、玉米油、大豆油、米糠油、橄欖油;
- 油酸乙基己酯、棕櫚酸乙基己酯、肉荳蔻酸乙基己酯/月桂酸酯、月桂酸乙基己酯、辛酸乙基己酯/癸酸酯、肉荳蔻酸異丙酯、棕櫚酸異丙酯、油酸甲酯、棕櫚酸甲酯、油酸乙酯、油菜籽油甲酯、大豆油甲酯、米糠油甲酯,
- 礦物油,如Exxsol® D100、Solvesso® 200ND、及白油。
- 三烷基磷酸酯,宜為三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯,如Disflamoll® TOF。
吸收促進劑亦可選自下列化合物:
i. 乙氧基化分支醇類(如Genapol®
X-型),含 2-20 EO 單位;
ii. 甲基封端,乙氧基化分支醇類(如Genapol®
XM-型),包含2-20 EO 單位;
iii. 乙氧基化椰子醇(如Genapol®
C-型),包含 2-20 EO 單位;
iv. 乙氧基化C12/15 醇類(如Synperonic®
A-型),包含2-20 EO 單位;
v. 丙氧基-乙氧基化醇類,分支或線型,如Antarox®
B/848,Atlas®
G5000,Lucramul®
HOT 5902;
vi. 丙氧基乙氧基化脂肪酸,甲基封端,如Leofat®
OC0503M;
vii. 檸檬酸烷基醚表面活性劑(如Adsee®
CE範圍,Akzo Nobel);
viii. 包含具有8-18 個碳原子之脂肪酸且平均為10-40 EO單位(如Crovol®
範圍)之甘油的乙氧基化單-或二酯;
ix. 包含平均為5-40 EO 單位(如Berol®
範圍,Emulsogen®
EL 範圍)之蓖麻油乙氧酸酯。
x. 包含2-20 EO 單位之乙氧基化油酸(如Alkamuls®
A及AP);
xi. 包含具有8-18個碳原子且平均為10-50 EO 單位之脂肪酸的乙氧基化山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯(如Arlatone®
T,Tween 範圍)。
根據本發明較佳之吸收促進劑為三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯,菜籽油甲酯,乙氧基化椰子醇,乙氧基化分支醇,丙氧基-乙氧基化醇類及礦物油。
其他配方組份(d)為:
d1 適當的非離子性表面活性劑或分散助劑 d1)為在農化劑中經常採用之此形式的所有物質。較佳者,聚環氧乙烷-聚環氧丙烷崁段共聚物,其分子量宜大於6,000 g/mol或聚環氧乙烷之含量大於45%,更宜為分子量大於6,000 g/mol且聚環氧乙烷之含量大於45%,聚氧化烯胺衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮之共聚物、及(甲)丙烯酸及(甲)丙烯酸酯之共聚物。從上述選出實例之類別外可任意的被磷化、磺化或硫酸化及用鹼中和。
可能之陰離子性表面活性劑 d1)為在農化劑中經常採用之此形式的所有物質。宜為烷基磺酸或烷基磷酸以及烷基芳基磺酸或烷基芳基磷酸之鹼金屬、鹼土金屬及銨鹽類。陰離子性表面活性劑或分散助劑之其他較佳者為聚磺酸之鹼金屬、鹼土金屬及銨鹽、聚乙烯磺酸的鹽類、烷基萘磺酸的鹽類、萘-磺酸-甲醛濃縮產物的鹽類、萘磺酸之濃縮產物的鹽類、苯酚磺酸及甲醛、及木質素磺酸的鹽類。
d2 流變改良劑為一添加物,當其於儲存期間以可降低分散之活性成分的重力分離之濃度添加至配方中時,在低剪切速率下導致黏度顯著增加。低剪切速率定義為0.1 s-1 且較低,並且對於本發明之目的,顯著增加大於x2。黏度可藉由旋轉剪切流變儀來測量。
藉由實例說明之適當的流變改良劑 d2):
- 多醣類包括黃原膠、瓜爾膠及羥基乙基纖維素。實例為Kelzan®
、Rhodopol®
G and 23、Satiaxane®
CX911及Natrosol®
250 範圍。
- 黏土包括蒙脫石、膨潤土、海泡石、綠坡縷石、皂石、蒙脫石。實例為Veegum®
R、Van Gel®
B、Bentone®
CT、HC、EW、Pangel®
M100、M200、M300、S、M、W、Attagel®
50、皂石®
RD,
- 發菸並沉積之二氧化矽,實例為Aerosil®
200、Siponat®
22。
較佳者為黃原膠、蒙脫石黏土、膨潤土黏土及發菸二氧化矽。
d3 適當的消泡物質c3)為因此目的可習用於農化劑之所有物質。較佳者為矽油、矽油製劑。實例為Silcolapse®
426 及432來自Bluestar 矽酮、Silfoam®
SRE 及SC132 來自Wacker,SAF-184®
來自Silchem,Foam-Clear ArraPro-S®
來自Basildon Chemical Company Ltd,SAG®
1572 及SAG®
30 來自Momentive [二甲基矽氧烷及有機矽,CAS No. 63148-62-9]。較佳者為SAG®
1572。
d4 適當的抗凍劑為因此目的而習用於農化劑之所有物質。適當的實例為伸丙基乙二醇、伸乙基乙二醇、脲及甘油。
d5 適當之其他配方組份 d5) 係選自殺菌劑、著色劑、pH調節劑、緩衝劑、穩定劑、抗氧化劑、惰性填充物質、濕潤劑、結晶生成抑制劑、微量營養素,舉例說明為:
可能之防腐劑為所有通常可用於以農化劑為目的之物質。防腐劑之適當實例為含有5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮[CAS-No. 26172-55-4]、2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮[CAS-No. 2682-20-4]或1.2-苯并異噻唑-3(2H)-酮 [CAS-No. 2634-33-5]之製劑。可提及之實例為Preventol®
D7 (Lanxess)、Kathon®
CG/ICP (Dow)、Acticide®
SPX (Thor GmbH) 及Proxel®
GXL (Arch Chemicals)。
可能之著色劑為所有通常可用於以農化劑為目的之物質。可提及為例者為:二氧化鈦、碳黑、氧化鋅、藍色顏料、Brilliant Blue FCF、紅色顏料及Permanent Red FGR。
可能之pH調節劑及緩衝劑為所有通常可用於以農化劑為目的之物質。可提及為例者為:檸檬酸、硫酸、鹽酸、氫氧化鈉、磷酸氫鈉(Na2HPO4)、磷酸二氫鈉(NaH2PO4)、磷酸二氫鉀(KH2PO4)、磷酸氫鉀(K2HPO4)。
適當之穩定劑及抗氧化劑為所有通常可用於以農化劑為目的之物質。宜為丁基羥基甲苯[3.5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基甲苯,CAS-No. 128-37-0]。
載劑(e)為那些通常可用於以農化調配物為目的之載劑。
載劑為一固體或液體、天然或合成,有機或無機物質,其通常為惰性,且其可用作為一溶劑。該載劑通常改良化合物對於,例如,植物、植物部份或種子之施用。
適當固態載劑之實例包括,但非侷限於,銨鹽類,特別為硫酸銨、磷酸銨及硝酸銨、天然岩石粉,如高嶺土、黏土、滑石、白堊、石英、綠坡縷石、蒙脫石及矽藻土、矽膠及合成岩粉,如細碎二氧化矽、氧化鋁及矽酸鹽。製備顆粒時典型有用之固態載劑的實例包括,但非侷限於壓碎並分級之天然岩石如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石及白雲石、無機及有機麵粉之合成顆粒及有機物質之顆粒如紙、鋸末、椰子殼、玉米棒子及菸草桿。
較佳之固態載劑係選自黏土、滑石及二氧化矽。
適當液態載劑之實例包括,但非侷限於,水、有機及其組合。適當溶劑之實例包括極性及非極性有機化學液體,例如來自下列類別者:
- 醇類及聚醇類(其亦可任意的被取代、醚化及/或酯化,如乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、苄基醇、環己醇或乙二醇、2-乙基己醇),
- 醚類如二辛基醚、四氫呋喃、二甲基異山梨醇、丙酮縮、環戊基甲基醚、由Dow提供在Dowanol Product Range之溶劑,如Dowanol DPM、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、不同分子量級別之二甲基聚伸乙基乙二醇、不同分子量級別之二甲基聚伸丙基乙二醇、二苄基醚
- 酮類(如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環戊酮、環己酮、環庚酮、苯乙酮、苯丙酮),
- 乳酸酯類,如甲基乳酸酯、乙基乳酸酯、丙基乳酸酯、丁基乳酸酯、2-乙基己基乳酸酯
- (聚)醚類,如不同分子量級別之聚伸乙基乙二醇、不同分子量級別之聚伸丙基乙二醇
- 未經取代或經取代之胺類
- 醯胺類(如二甲基甲醯胺、或N,N-二甲基內醯胺、或N-甲醯嗎福啉、或脂肪酸醯胺如N,N-二甲基癸醯胺或N,N-二甲基癸-9-烯-醯胺)及其酯類
- 內醯胺類(如2-吡咯烷酮、或N-烷基吡咯烷酮,如N-甲基吡咯烷酮、或N-丁基吡咯烷酮、或N-辛基吡咯烷酮、或N-十二烷基吡咯烷酮或N-甲基己內醯胺、N-烷基己內醯胺)
- 內酯類(如γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯、δ-戊內酯、或α-甲基γ-丁內酯
- 碸類及亞碸類(如二甲亞碸),
- 腈類,如線形或環烷基腈,特別為乙腈、環己腈、辛腈、十二烷腈)。
- 線形或環狀碳酸酯,如二乙基碳酸酯、二丙基碳酸酯、二丁基碳酸酯、二辛基碳酸酯、或伸乙基碳酸酯、伸丙基碳酸酯、伸丁基碳酸酯、甘油碳酸酯。
水為最佳載劑。
這些噴灑液係藉由習用方法來施用,即,例如,藉由噴灑、傾倒或注入,特別係藉由噴灑,且更特別係藉由UAV。
根據本發明調配物之施用率可在相對較大的範圍內變化。其係由特定的活性農化劑及其在調配物中的含量而決定。
藉助於根據本發明之調配物,其可以特別有利之方式將活性農化物質運送至植物及/或其等之棲息地。
本發明亦關於根據本發明之含有農化活性化合物之農化組成物於施用至植物及/或其等之棲息地的用途。
使用本發明之調配物,可處理所有植物及植物部份。植物係指所有植物及植物群,如想要及不想要的野生植物或作物植物(包括天然生成之作物植物)。作物植物可為可藉由傳統繁殖及最佳方法,或藉由生物技術及基因工程方法或此等方法之組合得到之植物,包括可或不可被各種財產權所保護之轉基因植物及包括植物栽培種。植物部份係指植物之所有地上及地下之部份及器官,如芽、葉、花及根,例示清單包括葉片、針葉、莖、樹幹、花、果實體、果實及種子以及根、塊莖及根莖。該植物部份亦包括收成之物質以及營養及生殖繁殖物質。
在本文中需要強調的是根據本發明之調配物在穀類植物之使用方面的特別優勢如,例如,小麥、燕麥、大麥、斯佩耳特小麥、小黑麥及黑麥、以及於玉米、高粱及小米、稻米、甘蔗、大豆、向日葵、馬鈴薯、棉、油菜、油菜籽、煙草、甜菜、飼料甜菜、蘆筍、酒花及果實植物(包含仁果如,例如,蘋果及梨子、核果如,例如,桃子、油桃、櫻桃、李子及杏子、柑橘類水果如,例如,橘子、葡萄柚、萊姆、檸檬、金橘、蜜桔及無核小蜜橘,堅果如,例如,開心果、杏仁、核桃及山核桃、熱帶水果如,例如,芒果、木瓜、鳳梨、棗子及香蕉、及葡萄)及蔬菜(包含葉菜如,例如,菊苣、玉米沙拉、佛羅倫薩茴香、萵、萵苣、瑞士甜菜、菠菜及菊苣根以供沙拉使用,甘藍菜如,例如,花椰菜、西蘭花、大白菜、甘藍型(L.)油菜、無頭甘藍(羽衣甘藍、羽衣甘藍菜)、大頭菜(kohlrabi)、球芽甘藍、紅捲心菜、白菜及皺葉甘藍甘藍、果類蔬菜如,例如,茄子、黃瓜、辣椒、表南瓜、蕃茄、西葫蘆及甜玉米、根莖類蔬菜如,例如芹菜、野蘿蔔、蘿蔔、包括黄色品種、尼日爾蘿蔔變種(Raphanus sativus var. niger)及蘿蔔變種(var. radicula)、甜菜根、黑婆羅門蔘及芹菜、豆類如,例如,豌豆及豆子、及來自蔥屬系列之蔬菜如,例如,韭菜及洋蔥。
根據本發明使用本發明調配物對於植物及植物部份係根據習用處理方法直接處理或作用於其等之環境區,棲息地或儲存區,例如藉由浸漬、噴灑、蒸發、霧化、散播或塗敷及,於增殖物質之情況時,尤其是種子,額外藉由單一或複數塗層。
該活性農化物與以相對應之習用調配物形式施用相較,包含發展出較佳之生物活性。
葉表面
於表1a及1b中,係顯示水於具紋理及無紋理之葉表面上的接觸角度。
表1a葉具紋理之植物
植物 | 品種 | 水的接觸角度°(正面的) |
大麥 | 大麥(Hordeum vulgare (蒙托亞(Montoya)變種)) | 143° |
玉米,BBCH-11 | 玉米(Zea mays) | 150° |
玉米,BBCH-12 | 玉米 | 149° |
玉米,BBCH-13/14 | 玉米 | 148° |
大豆,BBCH-12 | 大豆(Glycine max) | 149° |
大豆,BBCH-13 | 大豆 | 144° |
稻米 | 稻米(Oryza sativa) | 180° |
小麥,BBCH-12 | 小麥(Triticum aestivum) | 148° |
藜 | 藜(Chenopodium album) | 137° |
紫馬唐 | 馬唐(Digitaria sanguinalis) | 144° |
表1b 葉無紋理之植物
植物 | 品種 | 水的接觸角度°(正面的) |
蘋果 | 蘋果(Malus domestica) | 104° |
蕃茄 | 蕃茄(Solanum lycopersicum) | 106° |
玉米,BBCH-15/16 | 玉米 | 108° |
玉米,BBCH-17 | 玉米 | 107° |
玉米,BBCH-18 | 玉米 | 96° |
玉米,BBCH-19 | 玉米 | 87° |
苘麻 | 苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti) | 103° |
反枝莧 | 反枝莧(Amaranthus retroflexus) | 未測量 |
葉無紋理之作物及植物之實例包括蕃茄、胡椒、馬鈴薯、胡蘿蔔、芹菜、甜菜、甜菜根、菠菜、萵苣、豆子、豌豆、苜蓿、蘋果、梨子、桃子、杏、李子、芒果、酪梨、橄欖、柑橘、橘子、檸檬、萊姆、葡萄、無花果、黃瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、草莓、覆盆子、藍莓、向日葵、南瓜、大豆(≥ GS 16 BBCH 16)、玉米 (≥ GS 15 (BBCH15))、棉。
葉具紋理之作物及植物之實例包括大蒜、洋蔥、韭菜、大豆(≤ GS 16 BBCH 16)、燕麥、小麥、大麥、稻米、甘蔗、鳳梨、香蕉、亞麻籽、百合花、蘭花、玉米 (≤ GS 15 (BBCH 15))、甘藍菜、球芽甘藍、西蘭花、花椰菜、黑麥、油菜籽、鬱金香及花生。
葉無紋理之雜草的實例包括苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)、薺菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)、曼陀羅(Datura stramonium)、豬殃殃(Galium aparine)、圓葉牽牛(Ipomoea purpurea)、酸模葉蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、馬齒莧(Portulaca oleracea)、歐洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris)、刺金午時花(Sida spinosa)、野芥(Sinapis arvensis)、龍葵(Solanum nigrum)、繁縷(Stellaria media)、東方蒼耳(Xanthium orientale)、香附子(Cyperus rotundus)、及反枝莧(Amaranthus retroflexus)。
葉具紋理之雜草的實例包括決明子(Cassia obtusifolia)、藜(Chenopodium album)、偃麥草(Agropyron repens)、大穗看麥娘(Alopecurus myosuroides)、百日草(Apera spica-venti)、野燕麥(Avena fatua)、巴拉草(Brachiaria plantaginea)、黑麥狀雀麥(Bromus secalinus)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、洋地黃(馬唐)、稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)、百日草(Panicum dichotomiflorum)、早熟禾(Poa annua)、狗尾草(Setaria faberi)及假高粱(Sorghum halepense)。
本發明係藉由下列實例來闡明。
實例
方法1: SC之製備
懸浮濃縮劑調配物之製備方法已知於此技藝,且可以藉由精於此技藝者所熟悉之已知方法來製備。2%黃原膠 (c)於水及殺菌劑(c)之膠在低剪切攪拌下製備。活性成份(a),非離子性及一陰離子性分散劑 (c),消泡劑(c)及其他配方組份(c)係與水掺合而形成糊漿,首先用高剪切轉子-定子混合器(Ultra-Turrax®
)予以掺合而將粒徑 D(v,0.9)降低至大約50 microns,然後通過一種或多種珠磨機(Eiger®
250 Mini Motormill)而達到粒徑 D(v,0.9),典型的為1至5 microns。然後將添加物(b)、(c)及(d)及如上製備之黃原膠加入並在低剪切攪拌下掺合直到均勻。最後,如果需要將pH用酸或鹼調整。
方法2:WG 之製備
水可分散顆粒調配物之製法係已知於技藝且可藉由精於此方面技藝者依照已知方法製造。
例如,於製造流體床顆粒時,首先需先製備一水基底之技術濃縮物。於低剪切攪拌時,將所有成份 (a、b及c)如活性成份、表面活性劑、分散劑、黏合劑、消泡劑、擴充劑、及填充劑於水中掺合且最後於高剪切轉子-定子混合器(Ultra-Turrax®
)中預磨來降低粒徑 D(v,0.9)至大約50 microns,之後通過一種或多種珠磨機 (KDL, Bachofen, Dynomill, Bühler, Drais, Lehmann)而使粒徑 D(v,0.9)典型的達到1至15 microns。然後將此水-基底之技術濃縮物於一流體-床顆粒製程中噴霧乾燥而形成可濕性顆粒 (WG)。
該粒徑係根據CIPAC (CIPAC = Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council;www.cipac.org)方法MT 187來測定。該粒徑分佈係藉由雷射繞射來確定。於周遭溫度時,將代表性數量之樣品分散於脫氣水(使樣品自我飽和),用超音波(通常為60 s)處理且然後使用來自Malvern Mastersizer系列(Malvern Panalytical)之儀器測量。使用多元件探測器以各種角度來測量散射光並記錄相關數值。藉助於弗勞恩霍夫模型,由散射數據來計算特定尺寸種類之比率並由此計算體積加權之粒徑分佈。通常係給定d50或d90值=活性成份粒徑 (所有體積顆粒之50或90%)。該平均粒徑意味d50值。
同樣的,任何其他噴灑過程,如典型的噴霧乾燥可用作為顆粒化方法。
其他製備水可分散顆粒之技藝為,例如低壓擠壓法。將調配物之成份以乾燥型式掺合且隨即研磨,如使用噴氣研磨以降低粒徑。隨即將此乾粉末於加水至該混合物時攪拌(大約 10 – 30 wt%,根據該調配物中之組成物)。於次一步驟中,將該混合物推送經過一擠出機 (像圓頂擠出機,雙圓頂擠出機,籃式擠出機,篩磨機,或類似機具)而模具尺寸通常係介於0.8及1.2 mm以形成擠出物。於最後步驟中,係將該擠出物予以最終乾燥,如於一流體-床乾燥器中,以降低粉末中的水含量,一般至1- 3 wt%程度之殘留水。
方法 3: EC之製備
EC 調配物之製法係已知於技藝且可藉由精於此方面技藝者依照已知方法製造。通常,EC 調配物係藉由將該活性成份(a)與剩餘之調配物組成份,其包括,除了其他,表面活性劑 (c),擴充劑 (b),載劑(d) 於一裝備有攪拌器之槽中予以掺合而得到。於某些情況中,可藉由稍微提昇溫度(未超過60°C)而助益於溶解或掺合。繼續攪拌直至獲得均勻的混合物。
方法4: OD之製備
將調配物組成份 (c),載劑(d),活性成份(a),擴充劑(b)稱重加入,用高剪切裝置(如Ultraturrax或膠體磨磨機)予以均質化且隨即於一珠磨機(如Dispermat SL50,80% 填充,1.0-1.25 mm 玻璃珠,4000 rpm,循環研磨)中研磨,直至達到粒徑<10µ。或者,將調配物組成份於一瓶子中掺合接著加入大約25vol.-%之1.0-1.25 mm玻璃珠。然後將瓶子密封,夾在攪拌器中(如Retsch MM301)並於30 Hz 處理數分鐘直至達到粒徑<10µ。
方法5:覆蓋
於表 1a & 1b中所指出之發展階段的溫室植物係用於這些實驗中。於噴灑實驗之前切下單一葉片,置於培養皿中並用膠帶固定兩端,於0° (水平地)或於60° (因此可噴灑50%之葉面)。小心攜帶葉片以免傷及蠟面。將這些水平定向之葉片亦或a) 放置於一密室,其間,噴灑液係經由一液壓噴嘴來施用,亦或b) 將4 µl 噴灑液滴以無碰觸移液至葉面。
將少量的UV染料添加至該噴灑液中以於UV光下目視噴灑之沉積。該染料之濃度係經選擇使得其不會影響噴灑液之表面特徵且不會助於自己傳播。呈膠體懸浮液之Tinopal OB可用於所有的流動性及固體調配物,如WG,SC,OD及SE。Tinopal CBS-X或Blankophor SOL可用於調配物,其活性成份為溶解之如EC,EW及SL。該Tinopal CBS-X係溶解於水相中而Blankophor SOL係溶解於油相中。
於噴灑液蒸發後,將葉片置於Camag,Reprostar 3 UV槽中,其中在可見光及366 nmUV光下取得噴灑沉積物之照片。將一Canon EOS 700D 數位相機連接至該UV槽且用來獲取葉片影像。在可見光下取得之照片用來從背景中減去葉片之形狀。用ImageJ 軟體來計算a) 經噴灑葉片上施用噴灑之覆蓋百分比或b) 移吸滴液之散佈區域mm2。
方法 6: 殺蟲劑溫室測試
所選擇之作物係在溫室條件下,在裝有“泥炭土T”的塑膠盆中種植。於適當作物階段,備妥植物以供處理,如於處理前大約2天藉由用目標害蟲感染(參見下表)。
噴霧溶液係藉由直接用自來水稀釋調配物而由不同劑量之活性成份來製備並於桶掺混物中添加適當量之添加物,如需要。
該施用係以履帶噴霧器在葉片上側以300 l /ha或10 l /ha之施用體積來進行。所使用之噴嘴:Lechler´s TeeJet TP8003E (供 300 l/ha)及Lechler´s 652.246 一起含脈衝-寬度-調變(PWM) (供10 l/ha)。對於每個施用之單一劑量,通常同時處理2至5個重複組。
於處理後,將植物予以人為感染,如果需要,並在測試期間置放在溫室或人工氣候室內。在評估死亡率後在不同的時間點評估治療效果(通常,以%給定)及/或植物保護(根據進食傷害與相應之控制組相比較而計算)。僅報告平均值。
表M1:於測試中所使用之害蟲及作物。
作物 | 作物階段 | 感染 | 害蟲 | 英文名稱 | 害蟲生命階段 | 測試目標 |
大豆 | BBCH12,5 植物於罐 | 處理後 | 稻綠蝽(Nezara viridula) | green stink bug(綠蝽) | 10x幼蟲N2-N3 | 接觸並經口吸收 |
甘藍菜 | BBCH12,1-葉 | 處理前 | 桃蚜(Myzus persicae) | green peach aphid(青桃蚜) | 混合種群 | 跨層活性 |
所選擇之作物係在溫室條件下,在裝有“泥炭土T”的塑膠盆中種植。於適當作物階段,備妥植物以供處理,如於處理前大約2天藉由用目標害蟲感染 (表M1)。
噴霧溶液係藉由直接用自來水稀釋調配物而由不同劑量之活性成份來製備並於桶掺混物中添加適當量之添加物,如需要。
該施用係以履帶噴霧器在葉片上側以300 l /ha或10 l /ha之施用體積來進行。所使用之噴嘴:Lechler´s TeeJet TP8003E (供 300 l/ha)及Lechler´s 652.246 一起含脈衝-寬度-調變(PWM) (供10 l/ha)。對於每個施用之單一劑量,通常同時處理2至5個重複組。
於處理後,將植物予以人為感染,如果需要,並在測試期間置放在溫室或人工氣候室內。在評估死亡率後在不同的時間點評估治療效果(通常,以%給定)及/或植物保護(根據進食傷害與相應之控制組相比較而計算)。僅報告平均值。
方法 7:角質層沖刷
將盛蘋果角質層之皿盤外表面朝上固定在帶有中粘度矽油薄層之玻璃顯微鏡載玻片上。用微量移液器於此溶液中滴加0.9μl之不同製劑,這些製劑係在含有5%CIPAC C水的去離子水中以噴霧稀釋之方式稀釋,並使其乾燥1小時。在裝有交叉偏振濾光鏡之光學透射顯微鏡中檢查各個沉積物並記錄圖像。將含有角質層及乾燥調配物液滴之載玻片固定在緩緩流動之去離子水下方(流速大約為300ml/分鐘,在水龍頭出口下方10 cm高度) 達15秒。將載玻片予以乾燥並將該沉積物於顯微鏡下重新檢查,並與原始圖像比較。目測估算所洗出之活性成份含量,並以10%之幅度記錄。測量三重複組並記錄平均值。
方法8:葉面沖刷
將蘋果或玉米葉子部份附著在玻璃顯微鏡載玻片上。用微量移液器於此溶液中滴加0.9μl之不同製劑,這些製劑係在含有5%CIPAC C水及少量螢光示蹤劑(Tinopal OB為微米大小之水性懸浮液)的去離子水中以噴霧稀釋方式來稀釋,並使其乾燥1小時。在UV照射下(365nm),將葉片上之沉積物用數位相機照相。然後將葉子部份固定在緩緩流動之去離子水下方(流速大約為300ml/分鐘,在水龍頭出口下方10 cm高度) 達15秒。將葉子部份予以乾燥並將沉積物重新檢查並與原始圖像比較。在剩餘最多的5個及移除最多的1個之間,目測估算所洗出之活性成份含量。測量三或更多重複組並記錄平均值。
方法 9:懸浮乳液之製備
懸浮乳液調配物之製造方法係已知於技藝且可藉由精於此方面技藝者依照已知方法製造。含黃原膠於水及殺菌劑 (e)之2%膠以低剪切攪拌來製備。將活性成份螺環菌胺(a),油類 (b/c)及抗氧化劑(e)掺合並在裝設有轉子-定子混合器之高剪切掺合機中添加至一包含非離子性分散劑 (c)部份之水性分散液中,直到形成一含油水乳液,其液滴大小 D(v,0.9)典型的為1至5 microns。該活性成份(a),剩餘之非離子性及陰離子性分散劑 (c/e)及其他剩餘之配方組份 (c/e)與剩餘之水掺合而形成糊漿,首先用高剪切轉子-定子混合器予以掺合以降低粒徑 D(v,0.9)至大約50 microns,然後通過一種或多種珠磨機而達到粒徑 D(v,0.9) 典型地活性成份之生物學性能通常需要1至15 microns。精於此方面技藝者應瞭解此可因不同活性成份而變化。於含油-水乳液中,聚合物分散液(c/d)及黃原膠係於低剪切攪拌時加入並掺合直到均勻。
方法 10 :除草劑溫室測試之說明
將作物種子及單子葉和雙子葉有害植物置放在塑膠盆之沙壤土中,用土壤覆蓋,並在最佳生長條件之溫室中種植。播種後二至三週,於一-至二-葉階段處理該測試植物。製備不同濃度之測試除草劑調配物,並以不同水施用率噴灑至植物綠色部份的表面:200 I/ha為標準慣用率且10 l/ha為超-低-體積(ULV)施用率。所有施用中所使用之噴嘴類型為TeeJet DG 95015 EVS。該ULV施用率係藉由使用脈衝-寬度-調變(PWM)系統來達成–其係連接至噴嘴及履帶噴灑器。施用後,將測試植物置放在最佳生長條件之溫室中達3至4週。然後,以目視評估除草劑調配物之活性(例如:100%活性 = 整株植物體死了,0% 活性 = 植物類似於未經處理之控制組植物)。
表M2:於測試中所使用之植物品種。
方法 11:殺真菌劑溫室測試之說明
植物品種 | 縮寫/EPPO Code | 作物種類 |
狗尾草(Setaria viridis) | SETVI | |
稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli) | ECHCG | |
大穗看麥娘(Alopecurus myosuroides) | ALOMY | |
鼠大麥(Hordeum murinum) | HORMU | |
野燕麥(Avena fatua) | AVEFA | |
硬葉黑麥草(Lolium rigidum) | LOLRI | |
德國洋甘菊(Matricaria inodora) | MATIN | |
阿拉伯婆婆納(Veronica persica) | VERPE | |
苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti) | ABUTH | |
圓葉牽牛(Pharbitis purpurea) | PHBPU | |
卷莖蓼(Polygonum convolvulus) | POLCO | |
反枝莧(Amaranthus retroflexus) | AMARE | |
繁縷(Stellaria media ) | STEME | |
玉米(Zea mays) | ZEAMA | Aventura |
小麥(Triticum aestivum) | TRZAS | Triso |
甘藍型油菜(Brassica napus) | BRSNW | Fontan |
將種子置放在塑膠盆之“泥炭土T”中,用土壤覆蓋,並在最佳生長條件之溫室中種植。播種後二至三週,於一-至二-葉階段處理該測試植物。製備不同濃度之測試殺真菌劑調配物,並以不同水施用率噴灑至植物表面:200 I/ha為標準慣用率且10 l/ha為超-低-體積(ULV) 施用率。所有施用中所使用之噴嘴類型為TeeJet TP 8003E,以0,7 - 1,5 bar使用且高於植物水平500-600 mm的高度。將穀物擺成45°角度,因此乃最佳反映了穀物田間的噴霧條件。該ULV施用率係藉由使用脈衝-寬度-調變 (PWM)系統來達成,其係連接至噴嘴及履帶噴霧器於30Hz,開口 8% - 100% (10 l/ha – 200 l/ha 噴灑量)。
在保護性處理時,將該測試植物於噴藥1天後接種以相應的疾病並置於最佳生長條件之溫室中達1至2週。然後,目視評估殺真菌劑調配物的活性。
在治癒的條件下,首先將植物接種以疾病且於2天後用殺真菌劑 調配物來處理。於施用調配物5天後,目視評估疾病。
接種之實施為精於此技藝者所熟知。
表M3:測試中所使用之疾病及作物。
方法 12 :角質層滲透測試
植物品種 | 作物種類 | 疾病 | 英文名稱 | 縮寫 / EPPO 疾病碼 |
大豆 | Merlin | 豆薯層銹菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi) | Soybean rust(大豆銹) | PHAKPA |
小麥 | Monopol | 小麥赤銹菌(Puccinia triticina) | Brown rust(棕銹) | PUCCRT |
大麥 | Gaulois | 大麥網斑病菌(Pyrenophora teres) | Net blotch(網斑病) | PYRNTE |
大麥 | Villa | 禾本科布氏白粉菌(Blumeria graminis) | Powdery mildew(白粉病) | ERYSGH |
蕃茄 | Rentita | 晚疫病菌(Phytophtora infestans) | Late blight(晚疫病) | PHYTIN |
角質層滲透測試為方法SOFU的進一步開發及改編版本(葉吸收之模擬),其最初係由Schönherr 及Baur說明(Schönherr, J., Baur, P. (1996),溫度、表面活性劑及其他輔助劑對於有機化合物之吸收速率的功效(Effects of temperature, surfactants and other adjuvants on rates of uptake of organic compounds.)。於:The plant cuticle- an integrated functional approach, 134-155. Kerstiens, G. (ed.), BIOS Scientific publisher, Oxford);其極適合於系統性及機理研究調配物,輔助劑及溶劑對於農化物之滲透性的影響。
將蘋果葉片角質層由從果園生長之樹木上摘取之葉片上分離出來,如Schönherr及Riederer所說明 (Schönherr, J., Riederer, M. (1986), Plant cuticles sorb lipophilic compounds during enzymatic isolation. Plant Cell Environ. 9, 459-466)。僅得到無氣孔之上葉表面的無孔角質層膜。以尺寸為18mm之圓盤打出葉孔片並用果膠酶及纖維素酶之酶溶液予以滲透。由經消化之葉細胞培養液中分離出角質層膜,用水輕輕清洗並乾燥。存放約四個星期後,角質層之滲透性達到恆定水平,並備妥角質層膜供滲透測試使用。
將角質層膜施於擴散容器。正確的方向很重要:角質層之內表面應面對該擴散容器之內側。噴灑係於噴灑槽施用至角質層之外表面。將擴散容器轉個身並小心地填充受體溶液。將緩衝至pH 5.5之水性混合物用作為受體介質以刺激於角質層之內表面作為天然解吸介質之質外體。
將填充有受體及攪拌器之擴散容器移轉至溫控不銹鋼滑車,其非僅可確保角質層表面明確的溫度,而且可以確保有噴灑沉積物之角質層表面的濕度恆定。實驗起始溫度為25°C或30°C,且於常態性60%相對濕度施用24小時後改變為35°C。
自動進樣器會定期採集等分試樣之受體,且活性成份之含量係藉由HPLC (DAD或MS)來確定。最後,處理所有數據點以得到滲透動能。由於角質層之滲透屏障的變化很大,每個滲透動能重複五到十次。
物質
表MAT1:舉例說明之較佳超級擴散化合物(b)之商品名稱及CAS-No.
產物 | 化學名稱 | Cas No. | 供應商 |
Geropon® DOS-PG | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸鈉鹽 (65-70% 於伸丙基乙二醇) | 577-11-7 | Rhodia |
Synergen® W 10 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸鈉鹽 (65-70% 於伸丙基乙二醇) | 577-11-7 | Clariant |
Aerosol® OT 70 PG | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸鈉鹽(65-70% 於伸丙基乙二醇) | 577-11-7 | Cytec |
Lankropol KPH70 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸鈉鹽(65-70% 於伸丙基乙二醇) | 577-11-7 | Nouryon |
Enviomet EM 5669 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸鈉鹽(65-70% 於伸丙基乙二醇) | 577-11-7 | Innospec |
Surfynol® S420 | 2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇乙氧化物 (1 莫耳) | 9014-85-1 | Evonik |
Surfynol® S440 | 2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇乙氧化物 (3.5莫耳) | 9014-85-1 | Evonik |
Surfynol® S465 | 2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇乙氧化物 (10莫耳) | 9014-85-1 | Evonik |
Surfynol® S485 | 2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇乙氧化物 (30莫耳) | 9014-85-1 | Evonik |
Break-Thru® Vibrant | 未公開 | Evonik | |
Genapol® EP 0244 | C10-12 醇烷氧化物 (PO+EO) | Clariant | |
Synergen® W06 | C11醇烷氧化物 (PO+EO) | Clariant | |
Genapol® EP 2584 | C12-15醇烷氧化物 (PO+EO) | Clariant | |
Agnique® PG8107 | 寡聚D-吡喃葡萄糖癸基辛基糖苷 | 68515-73-1 | BASF |
Silwet® L77 | 3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基-甲基-雙(三甲基甲矽烷氧基)矽烷 | 27306-78-1 | Momentive |
Silwet® 408 | 2-[3-[[二甲基(三甲基甲矽烷氧基)甲矽烷基]氧基-甲基-三甲基甲矽烷氧基甲矽烷基]丙氧基]乙醇 | 67674-67-3 | Momentive |
Silwet® 806 | 3-[甲基-雙(三甲基甲矽烷氧基)甲矽烷基]丙-1-醇;2-甲基環氧乙烷;環氧乙烷 | 134180-76-0 | Momentive |
Break-thru® S240 | 3-[甲基-雙(三甲基甲矽烷氧基)甲矽烷基]丙-1-醇;2-甲基環氧乙烷;環氧乙烷 | 134180-76-0 | Evonik |
Break-thru® S278 | 3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基-甲基-雙(三甲基甲矽烷氧基)矽烷 | 27306-78-1 | Evonik |
Silwet® HS 312 | |||
Silwet® HS 604 | |||
BreakThru® OE 444 | 矽氧烷及矽酮,十六烷基Me,二-Me | 191044-49-2 | Evonik |
表MAT2:舉例說明之較佳吸收促進化合物(b)之商品名稱及CAS-No.
產物 | 化學名稱 | Cas No. | 供應商 |
Emulsogen® EL 400 | 乙氧基化之蓖麻油,40 EO | 61791-12-6 | Clariant |
ETOCAS® 10 | 乙氧基化之蓖麻油,10 EO | 61791-12-6 | Croda |
Crovol® CR70G | 魚油(fats and glyceridic oils),蔬菜,乙氧基化 | 70377-91-2 | Croda |
Synperonic® A3 | 醇乙氧化物(C12/C15-EO3) | 68131-39-5 | Croda |
Synperonic® A7 | 醇乙氧化物(C12/C15-EO7) | 68131-39-5 | Croda |
Genapol® X060 | 醇乙氧化物 (異-C13-EO6) | 9043-30-5 | Clariant |
Alkamuls® A | 油酸,乙氧化物 | 9004-96-0 | Solvay |
Lucramul® HOT 5902 | 醇乙氧化物-丙氧化物(C8-PO8/EO6) | 64366-70-7 | Levaco |
Antarox B/848 | 丁基醇丙氧化物/乙氧化物 | 9038-95-3 | Solvay |
Tween® 80 | 山梨醣醇酐單油酸酯,乙氧基化(20EO) | 9005-65-6 | Croda |
Tween® 85 | 山梨醣醇酐三油酸酯,乙氧基化 (20EO) | 9005-70-3 | Croda |
Tween® 20 | 山梨醣醇酐單月桂酸酯,乙氧基化 (20EO) | 9005-64-5 | Croda |
葵花油 | 來自不同C14-C18 脂肪酸之甘油三酸酯,主要為不飽和 | 8001-21-6 | |
油菜籽油 | 來自不同C14-C18 脂肪酸之甘油三酸酯,主要為不飽和 | 8002-13-9 | |
玉米油 | 來自不同C14-C18 脂肪酸之甘油三酸酯,主要為不飽和 | 8001-30-7 | |
大豆油 | 來自不同C14-C18 脂肪酸之甘油三酸酯,主要為不飽和 | 8001-22-7 | |
稻米麩油 | 來自不同C14-C18 脂肪酸之甘油三酸酯,主要為不飽和 | 68553-81-1 | |
Radia® 7129 Crodamol® OP | 乙基己基棕櫚酸酯 | 29806-73-3 | Oleon NV,BE Croda,UK |
Radia® 7331 | 乙基己基油酸酯 | 26399-02-0 | Oleon NV,BE |
Radia® 7128 | 乙基己基肉荳蔻酸酯/月桂酸酯 C12/C14 | 29806-75-5 | Oleon NV,BE |
Radia® 7127 | 乙基己基月桂酸酯 | 20292-08-4 | Oleon NV,BE |
Radia® 7126 | 乙基己基辛酸酯/癸酸酯C8/10 | 63321-70-0 | Oleon NV,BE |
Estol® 1514 | 異-丙基肉荳蔻酸酯 | 110-27-0 | Croda |
Radia® 7104 | 辛酸,癸酸甘油三酸酯,中性植物油 | 73398-61-5. 65381-09-1 | Oleon NV,BE |
Radia® 7732 Crodamol® IPM | 異-丙基棕櫚酸酯 | 142-91-6 | Oleon NV,BE Croda,UK |
Radia® 7060 | 甲基油酸酯 | 112-62-9 | Oleon NV,BE |
Radia® 7120 | 甲基棕櫚酸酯 | 112-39-0 | Oleon NV,BE |
Crodamol® EO | 乙基油酸酯 | 111-62-6 | Croda |
AGNIQUE ME® 18 RD-F,Edenor® MESU | 菜籽油甲基酯 | 67762-38-3. 85586-25-0 | Clariant BASF |
Miglyol 812 N | 甘油三酸酯 | 73398-61-5 | ??? |
Exxsol® D100 | 氫化輕餾分(石油) | 64742-47-8 | Exxon Mobil |
Solvesso® 200ND | 溶劑石腦油(石油),重芳烴,萘耗盡 | 64742-94-5 | ExxonMobil |
Kristol® M14 Marcol® 82 Ondina® 917 | 白色礦物油(石油),C14-C30 分支及線型 | 8042-47-5 | Carless ExxonMobil Shell |
Exxsol®D130 Banole® 50 | 白色礦物油(石油) | 64742-46-7 | ExxonMobil 全部 |
Genera®-12 | 白色礦物油(石油) | 72623-86-0 | 全部 |
Genera®-9 | 白色礦物油(石油) | 97862-82-3 | 全部 |
表MAT3:舉例說明之較佳沖刷降低物質(d)之商品名稱
產物 | 化學名稱 | Tg | MFFT | 供應商 |
Atplus® FA | 水性苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物乳液分散液 | <30°C | Croda | |
Acronal® V215 Acronal® V115 Acronal® A245 Acronal® A240 Acronal® A225 Acronal® A145 | 水性丙烯酸酯共聚物分散液含羧酸基團 | - 43°C - 58°C - 45°C - 30°C - 45°C - 45°C | BASF | |
Acronal® 500 D Acronal® S 201 | 水性丙烯酸共聚物分散液 | - 13°C - 25°C | BASF | |
Acronal® DS 3618 Acronal® 3612 Acronal® V 212 Acronal® DS 3502 Acronal® S 400 | 水性丙烯酸酯共聚物分散液 | - 40°C + 12°C - 40°C + 4°C - 8°C | BASF | |
Licomer® ADH205 Licomer® ADH203 | 水性丙烯酸酯共聚物分散液含羧酸基團 | <30°C | Michelman | |
Primal® CM-160 Primal® CM-330 | 水性丙烯酸共聚物 乳液聚合物 | DOW | ||
Axilat® UltraGreen 5500 | 水性丙烯酸乳液聚合物 | - 15°C | 0°C | Synthomer |
Povol® 26/88 | 聚乙烯醇 | Kuraray |
表 MAT4:舉例說明之較佳化合物(e)之商品名稱及CAS-No.
表I1殺蟲劑實例中舉例說明之較佳化合物(e)之商品名稱及CAS-No.
產物 | 化學名稱 | Cas No. | 供應商 |
Lucramul PS 29 | 聚(氧基-1,2-乙二基),α-苯基-ω-羥基-,苯乙烯化 | 104376-75-2 | Levaco |
Atlox® 4913 | 甲基甲丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物,含聚伸乙基乙二醇 | 119724-54-8 | Croda |
Morwet IP | 萘磺酸,雙(1-甲基乙基)-,Me 衍生物,鈉鹽 | 68909-82-0 | Akzo Nobel |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 聚環氧乙烷及聚環氧丙烷之崁段共聚物 | 9003-11-6 | Croda |
Morwet D425 | 鈉萘磺酸鹽甲醛縮合物 | 577773-56-9 68425-94-5 9008-63-3 | Akzo Nobel,Nouryon |
ATLAS® G 5000 | 環氧乙烷,甲基-,聚合物,含環氧乙烷,單丁基醚 | 9038-95-3 | Croda |
甘油 | 56-81-5 | ||
丙烯乙二醇 | 1,2-伸丙基乙二醇 | 57-55-6 | |
RHODOPOL® 23 | 多醣類 | 11138-66-2 | Solvay |
Sipernat 22 S | 合成之非晶型二氧化矽(silicon dioxide) | 112926-00-8 7631-86-9 | Evonik |
Veegum R | 蒙脫石族礦物 | 12199-37-0 | |
SILCOLAPSE® 426R | 聚二甲基矽氧烷及二氧化矽 | 9016-00-6 | BLUESTAR 矽酮 |
SAG® 1572 | 二甲基矽氧烷及矽酮 | 63148-62-9 | Momentive |
檸檬酸 | 77-92-9 (無水);5949-29-1(一水合物) | ||
Proxel® GXL | 1.2-苯并異噻唑-3(2H)-酮 | 2634-33-5 | Arch Chemicals |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮加上2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮 | 26172-55-4加上 2682-20-4 | Dow |
表 MAT5:舉例說明之化合物(e)之商品名稱及CAS-No.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
物質 | 化學名稱 | Cas No. | 供應商 |
Morwet® D425 | 萘磺酸鹽甲醛縮合物鈉鹽 | 9008-63-3 | New XX |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 聚環氧乙烷及聚環氧丙烷之崁段共聚物 | 9003-11-6 | Croda |
Synperonic® A7 | 醇乙氧化物(C12/C15-EO7) | 68131-39-5 | Croda |
黃原膠 | 多醣類 | 11138-66-2 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.2-苯并異噻唑-3(2H)-酮 | 2634-33-5 | Arch Chemicals |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮加上2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮 | 26172-55-4加上2682-20-4 | Dow |
丙烯乙二醇 | 1,2-伸丙基乙二醇 | 57-55-6 | |
SAG® 1572 | 二甲基矽氧烷及矽酮 | 63148-62-9 | Momentive |
Atlox® 4913 | 甲基甲丙烯酸酯枝共聚物,含聚伸乙基乙二醇 | 119724-54-8 | Croda |
ATLAS® G 5000 | 環氧乙烷,甲基-,聚合物,含環氧乙烷,單丁基醚 | 9038-95-3 | Croda |
SILCOLAPSE® 454 | 聚二甲基矽氧烷及二氧化矽 | 9016-00-6 | BLUESTAR 矽酮 |
RHODOPOL® 23 | 多醣類 | 11138-66-2 | Solvay |
ACTICIDE® MBS | 2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮 (MIT) 及1,2-苯并異噻唑啉-3-酮 (BIT)於水之混合物 | 2682-20-4 2634-33-5 | Thor GmbH |
Sokalan® K 30 | 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 | 9003-39-8 | BASF |
Supragil® WP | 二異丙基萘磺酸鈉 | 1322-93-6 | Solvay |
Morwet® D-425 | 鈉萘磺酸鹽甲醛縮合物 | 577773-56-9 68425-94-5 9008-63-3 | Akzo Nobel,Nouryon |
Soprophor® 4 D 384 | 三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化硫酸鹽(16 EO) 銨鹽 | 119432-41-6 | Solvay |
Rhodorsil® Antim EP 6703 | 被吸收之聚二甲基矽氧烷消泡劑 | 未知 | Solvay |
Kaolin Tec 1 | 水合矽酸鋁 | 1318-74-7 1332-58-7 | Ziegler & Co. GmbH |
Sipernat® 22 S | 合成之非晶型二氧化矽(silicon dioxide) | 112926-00-8 7631-86-9 | Evonik |
RHODACAL® 60 BE | 十二烷基苯磺酸鈣於2-乙基己醇 | 26264-06-2 104-76-7 | Solvay |
Emulsogen® EL 400 | 乙氧基化蓖麻油,含40 EO | 61791-12-6 | Clariant |
Solvesso® 200ND | 芳族烴混合物(C9-C11),萘耗盡 | 64742-94-5 | ExxonMobil |
殺真菌劑實例
實例 FN1:得克利 20 SC
表 FN1:配方FN1及FN2。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
溫室
組成份 (g/l) | 配方 FN1 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方 FN2 | |
得克利 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Lucramol® Hot 5902 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
Licomer® ADH205 | 0.0 | 20.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積(~913) | 至定體積(~793) |
表FN2:對於PHAKPA/大豆之生物功效
噴灑量 l/ha | SC施用率 l/ha | a.i. 比率g/ha | 配方 FN1參考組 功效 [%] | 根據本發明之配方FN2 功效 [%] |
200 | 0.25 | 5 | 56 | 26 |
200 | 0.05 | 1 | 17 | 0 |
10 | 0.25 | 5 | 14 | 51 |
10 | 0.05 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
方法 11:大豆,保護1天,評估7天。
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN3,說明本發明之配方FN2顯示出於10 l/ha之噴灑量較200 l/ha時具有較高的功效。再者,配方FN2於10 l/ha之噴灑量時顯示出較參考組配方FN1具有較高的功效,且於200 l/ha時具有相當於配方FN1之功效。
實例 FN2:氟比來100 SC
表 FN3:配方FN3,FN4及FN5。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方 FN3參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN4 | 配方 FN5參考組 | |
氟比來 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Soprophor® FLK | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Crovol® CR70G | 0.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
Atplus® FA | 0 | 60.0 | 0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積(~846) | 至定體積(~726) | 至定體積(~786) |
角質層滲透
通過蘋果葉片角質層之滲透係根據方法12之角質層滲透測試來確定。
表FN4:氟比來SC 調配物之角質層滲透
調配物以1.0 l/ha測試。
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN3,說明本發明之配方FN4於10 l/ha及200 l/ha之噴灑量時,顯示出具有較高的角質層滲透。
配方 | 滲透 % 24h | 吸收促進表面活性劑之劑量g/ha | 於噴灑液中吸收促進表面活性劑之劑量%w/v |
配方FN3未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
配方FN3未根據本發明– 200 l/ha | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
配方FN4根據本發明– 10 l/ha | 8.3 | 60 | 0.6 |
配方FN4未根據本發明– 200 l/ha | 8.9 | 60 | 0.03 |
葉片沖刷
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN5:葉片沖刷數據
調配物以1 l/ha施用。(+ =全部沖掉,+++++ =全部殘留)
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN3(幾乎完全消失),說明本發明之配方FN4於10 L/ha噴灑量時,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於蘋果葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方FN5未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | + |
配方FN5未根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN4根據本發明– 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方FN4根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 FN3:氟蟲胺100 SC
表 FN6:配方 FN6,FN7及FN8。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份(g/l) | 配方 FN6參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN7 | 配方 FN8參考組 | |
氟蟲胺 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Atlox® 4913 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Alkamuls® A | 0.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
Licomer® ADH205 | 0 | 50.0 | 0.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積(~866) | 至定體積(~736) | 至定體積(~765) |
滲透測試
通過蘋果葉片角質層之滲透係根據角質層滲透測試來確定。
表 FN7:氟蟲胺SC調配物之角質層滲透。
調配物於0.5 l/ha測試。
結果顯示,說明本發明之配方2020-003115於10 L/ha時,顯示出於200 L/ha時有較高的角質層滲透,且於10 l/ha及200l/ha時均較配方2020-003107者為高。
配方 | 滲透 % 24h | 滲透% 48h | 吸收促進表面活性劑之劑量g/ha | 於噴灑液中吸收促進表面活性劑之劑量%w/v |
配方FN6 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | 17.0 | 46.9 | 0 | 0 |
配方FN6 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | 24.0 | 50.7 | 0 | 0 |
配方FN7 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | 65.0 | 91.5 | 40 | 0.4 |
配方FN7 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | 50.3 | 76.3 | 40 | 0.02 |
沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表FN8:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以0.5 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN6及FN8,說明本發明之配方FN7於10 L/ha噴灑量時,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於蘋果葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方FN6 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | + |
配方FN6 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN7 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++++ |
配方FN7 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN8 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方FN8 為根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 FN4:氟派瑞 200 SC
表FN9:配方FN9及FN10。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方FN9 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN10 | |
氟派瑞 | 200.0 | 200.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Soprophor® FLK | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Crovol® CR70G | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
Atplus® FA | 0.0 | 60.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積 (~706) | 至定體積 (~646) |
葉片沖刷
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN10:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以0.5 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN9,說明本發明之配方FN10於10 L/ha噴灑量時,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於蘋果葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方FN9 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方FN9 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN10 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方FN10 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 FN5:異氟普蘭50 SC
表 FN11:配方X及Y。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方FN11 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN12 | |
異氟普蘭 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Soprophor® FLK | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Crovol® CR70G | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
Atplus® FA | 0.0 | 60.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積 (~816) | 至定體積 (~756) |
沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN12:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以0.5 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN11,說明本發明之配方FN12於10 L/ha噴灑量時,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於蘋果葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方FN11 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方FN11 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN12 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++++ |
配方FN12 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 FN6:氟哌啶50 SC
表 FN13:配方FN13及FN14。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方FN13 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN14 | |
氟哌啶 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Soprophor® TS54 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Lucramol® HOT5902 | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
Licomer® ADH205 | 0.0 | 60.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積 (~816) | 至定體積 (~756) |
沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN14:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以0.5 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN13,說明本發明之配方FN14於10 L/ha噴灑量時,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於蘋果葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方FN13 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方FN13 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN14 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++++ |
配方FN14 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 FN7:氟哌啶10 SC
表 FN15:配方 FN15,FN16及FN17。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份(g/l) | 配方 FN15參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN16 | 根據本發明之配方FN17 | |
氟哌啶 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Soprophor® FLK | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Alkamuls® A | 0.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | |
Licomer® ADH205 | 0.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積(~901) | 至定體積(~791) | 至定體積(~831) |
沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN16:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以0.3 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,說明本發明之配方FN6於噴灑量為10 L/ha時,與參考組配方 FN17(含有吸收添加物)相較,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量,且相當於參考組配方 FN15(不含任何吸收添加物)。
配方 | 於玉米葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方 FN15 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方 FN15 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | ++++ |
配方 FN16 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方 FN16 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方 FN17 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方 FN17 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | ++++ |
實例 FN8:異噻菌胺100 SC
表 FN17:配方FN18,FN19及FN20。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方 FN18 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN19 | 根據本發明之配方FN20 | |
異噻菌胺 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Soprophor® TS54 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Crovol® CR70G | 0.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
Licomer® ADH205 | 0.0 | 55.0 | 0.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積(~846) | 至定體積 (~711) | 至定體積(~766) |
沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN18:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以1.0 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,與參考組配方 FN20(含有吸收添加物)及參考組配方 FN18(不含吸收輔劑)相較,說明本發明之配方FN19於噴灑量為10 L/ha時顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於蘋果葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方 FN18 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方 FN18 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | ++++ |
配方 FN19 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++++ |
配方 FN19 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方 FN20 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | + |
配方 FN20 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | ++++ |
實例 FN9:得克利150 SC
表 FN19:配方 FN21,FN22及FN23。
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份(g/l) | 配方FN21 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方FN22 | 根據本發明之配方FN23 | |
得克利 | 150.0 | 150.0 | 150.0 | |
Morwet® D425 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Synperonic® PE/F127 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Soprophor® FLK | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
Genapol® C100 | 0.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | |
Axilat UltraGreen® 5500 | 0.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | |
黃原膠 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Proxel® GXL | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Kathon® CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
丙烯乙二醇 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
SAG® 1572 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積(~796) | 至定體積(~666) | 至定體積(~726) |
葉片沖刷
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 FN20:葉片沖刷數據。
調配物以1.0 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,相較於參考組配方FN21及FN23,說明本發明之配方FN22於10 L/ha噴灑量時,顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。
配方 | 於玉米葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方FN21 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方FN21 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN22 根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方FN22 根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方FN23 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方FN23 未根據本發明 – 10 l/ha | ++++ |
殺蟲劑實例
實例I1 賜派滅SC調配物
表I1 配方賜派滅SC調配物
組成份(g/L) | 配方 I1 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方I2 |
賜派滅 | 75 | 75 |
Lucramul PS 29 | 40 | 40 |
甘油 | 100 | 100 |
Rhodopol 23 | 3 | 3 |
Preventol D7 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Proxel GXL 20% | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Silcolapse 426R | 1 | 1 |
檸檬酸 | 1 | 1 |
Atplus FA | - | 50 |
Crovol CR70 | - | 50 |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積 | 至定體積 |
實例I1四唑蟲醯胺 SC調配物
表I1 配方四唑蟲醯胺SC調配物
組成份(g/l) | 配方I3 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方I4 | 配方I5參考組 | 根據本發明之配方I6 | 未根據本發明之配方I7 |
四唑蟲醯胺 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 |
Atlox 4913 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 |
Morwet IP | 10.0 | 10.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Synperonic PE/F127 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
檸檬酸 | 1.0 | 1.0 | - | - | - |
Rhodopol 23 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Sipernat 22 S | 7.5 | 7.5 | - | - | - |
Licomer® ADH205 | - | - | 0.0 | 65.0 | 0.0 |
Atplus FA | - | 50 | - | - | - |
RME EW 500 | - | 100 | - | - | - |
Alkamuls A | - | - | - | 80.0 | 80.0 |
Kathon CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Proxel GXL | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
甘油 | 100.0 | 100.0 | - | - | - |
丙烯乙二醇 | - | - | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 |
SAG1572 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
水(添加至1公升) | 充滿 | 充滿 | 充滿 | 充滿 | 充滿 |
葉片沖刷
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表I2用四唑蟲醯胺 SC調配物之沖刷測試
調配物以0.5 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,說明本發明之配方I6顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。相較於參考組配方I5(不含任何吸收促進調配物添加物(b))及配方I7(其含有吸收促進調配物添加物(b)),噴灑量為10 L/ha時,效果特別可見。
配方 | 於玉米葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方I5未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | + |
配方I5未根據本發明– 200 l/ha | ++++ |
配方I6根據本發明– 10 l/ha | +++++ |
配方I6根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方I7未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | + |
配方I7 未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++ |
實例I2益斯普+益達胺SC調配物
表I2 配方益斯普+益達胺SC調配物
組成份 (g/l) | 配方I8 參考組 | 根據本發明之配方I9 |
益斯普 | 100 | 100 |
益達胺 | 100 | 100 |
Morwet D425 | 11 | 11 |
Atlox 4913 | 69 | 69 |
Atlas G 5000 | 22 | 22 |
檸檬酸 | 2 | 2 |
Rhodopol 23 | 4 | 4 |
Veegum R | 6 | 6 |
Atplus FA | - | 50 |
Antarox B848 | - | 50 |
Kathon CG/ICP | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Proxel GXL | 1.2 | 1.2 |
丙烯乙二醇 | 110 | 110 |
Silcolapse 426R | 3 | 3 |
水(添加至1公升) | 充滿 | 充滿 |
除草劑實例
實例 HB1:SC
表 HB1:配方HB1及HB2
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方HB1參考組 | 根據本發明之配方HB2 | |
氟酮磺草胺 | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
ATLOX 4913 | 32.40 | 32.40 | |
ATLOX 4894 | 21.60 | 21.60 | |
Genapol X060 | 60.00 | 60.00 | |
Licomer AD H 205 | 0.00 | 60.00 | |
1,2-丙烯乙二醇 | 54.00 | 54.00 | |
Silcolapse 454 | 2.16 | 2.16 | |
Proxel GXL | 1.94 | 1.94 | |
Kathon CG/ICP | 0.86 | 0.86 | |
Rhodopol 23 | 4.32 | 4.32 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積 | 至定體積 |
葉片沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 HB2:
調配物以0.5 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,說明本發明之配方HB2顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。相較於參考組配方HB1(不含任何促進調配物添加物),噴灑量為10 L/ha時效果可見。
配方 | 於玉米葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方HB1未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | ++ |
配方HB1未根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方HB2根據本發明– 10 l/ha | ++++ |
配方HB2根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 HB2:SC
表HB3:配方HB3及HB4
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方 HB3參考組 | 根據本發明之配方HB4 | |
氟酮磺草胺 | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
ATLOX 4913 | 32.40 | 32.40 | |
ATLOX 4894 | 21.60 | 21.60 | |
Disflamol TOF | 60.00 | 60.00 | |
Licomer AD H 205 | 0.00 | 60.00 | |
1,2-丙烯乙二醇 | 54.00 | 54.00 | |
Silcolapse 454 | 2.16 | 2.16 | |
Proxel GXL | 1.94 | 1.94 | |
Kathon CG/ICP | 0.86 | 0.86 | |
Rhodopol 23 | 4.32 | 4.32 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | 至定體積 | 至定體積 |
葉片沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 HB4:
調配物以1 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,說明本發明之配方HB4顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。相較於參考組配方HB3(不含任何促進調配物添加物),噴灑量為10 L/ha時效果可見。
配方 | 於玉米葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方HB3未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方HB3未根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方HB4根據本發明– 10 l/ha | +++++ |
配方HB4根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
實例 HB3:SC
表 HB5:配方HB5及HB6
所使用之製法係根據方法 1。
組成份 (g/l) | 配方HB5參考組 | 根據本發明之配方HB6 | |
氟酮磺草胺 | 80.0 | 80.0 | |
ATLOX 4913 | 32.40 | 32.40 | |
ATLOX 4894 | 21.60 | 21.60 | |
菜籽油甲酯 | 60.00 | 60.00 | |
Licomer AD H 205 | 0.00 | 60.00 | |
1,2-丙烯乙二醇 | 54.00 | 54.00 | |
Silcolapse 454 | 2.16 | 2.16 | |
Proxel GXL | 1.94 | 1.94 | |
Kathon CG/ICP | 0.86 | 0.86 | |
Rhodopol 23 | 4.32 | 4.32 | |
Na2HPO4 (緩衝溶液pH = 7) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
NaH2PO4 (緩衝溶液 pH = 7) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
水(添加至1公升) | (d) | 至定體積 | 至定體積 |
葉片沖刷測試
沖刷係根據方法8來確定。
表 HB6:
調配物以1 l/ha施用。(+ = 全部沖掉,+++++ = 全部殘留)
結果顯示,說明本發明之配方HB6顯示出較高之施用調配物殘留量。相較於參考組HB5(不含任何促進調配物添加物),噴灑量為10 L/ha時效果可見。
配方 | 於玉米葉上1小時後殘留之沉積量 |
配方HB5未根據本發明– 10 l/ha | +++ |
配方HB5未根據本發明 – 200 l/ha | +++++ |
配方HB6根據本發明– 10 l/ha | +++++ |
配方HB6根據本發明– 200 l/ha | +++++ |
無
圖示1係顯示沖洗前(a)及沖洗後(b)在蘋果葉上乾燥1小時之噴灑液沉積(0.9 µl)。(i)及(iii)之噴霧稀釋濃度為10 l/ha、(ii)及(iv)之噴霧稀釋濃度為200 l/ha。(i)及(ii)係說明本發明之方法,(iii)及(iv) 係參考組。其各自為五重複組。
無
Claims (17)
- 一種農化調配物,其包含 a) 一種或多種活性成份, b) 一種或多種耐雨性添加物, c) 一種或多種吸收促進劑, d) 其他配方組份, e) 達到定量的一種或多種載劑, 其中 b) 之存在量為5至150 g/l。
- 根據請求項 1之農化調配物,其中b) 為一乳液聚合物或聚合物分散液及苯乙烯基底之乳液聚合物,或聚合物分散液c) 為水性聚合物分散液,其Tg之範圍為由-100°C至30°C,其中該聚合物係選自丙烯酸聚合物或丙烯酸酯及苯乙烯之共聚物。
- 根據請求項 1或 2之農化調配物,其中c) 係選自包含下列者:三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯、菜籽油甲酯、乙氧基化椰子醇、乙氧基化分支醇、丙氧基-乙氧基化醇類、乙氧基化之甘油之單-或二酯(其包含具有8-18個碳原子及平均10-40 EO 單位之脂肪酸)、乙氧基化油酸及礦物油。
- 根據請求項 1至3項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中a) 之存在量為由5至300 g/l,宜為由10至250 g/l,且最宜為由20至210 g/l。
- 根據請求項 1至4項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中b) 之存在量為5 至150 g/l,宜為由10至120 g/l,且最宜為由15至110 g/l 。
- 根據請求項1至5項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中c) 之存在量為10 至150 g/l,宜為由25至120 g/l,且最宜為由30至110 g/l。
- 根據請求項 1至6項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中d) 之存在量為5 至250 g/l,宜為由10至150 g/l,且最宜為由20至120 g/l。
- 根據請求項 1至7項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中該活性成份係選自包含下列者:氟比來(fluopicolide)、氟派瑞(fluopyram)、氟哌啶(fluoxapiprolin)、氟蟲胺(inpyrfluxam)、異氟普蘭(isoflucypram)、異噻菌胺(isothianil)、得克利(tebuconazole)、三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、賜派滅(spirotetramat)、四唑蟲醯胺(tetraniliprole)、益斯普(ethiprole)、益達胺(imidacloprid)及氟酮磺草胺(triafamone)。
- 根據請求項 1至8項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中組成份d) 包含至少一種非離子性表面活性劑及/或離子性表面活性劑(d1)、一種流變改良劑 (d2)、及一種消泡物質 (d3)及至少一種抗凍劑(d4)。
- 根據請求項 1至9項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其包含下列數量之組成份 a) 至e): b) 由5至300 g/l,宜為由10至250 g/l,且最宜為由20至210 g/l, b) 由5至150 g/l,宜為由10至120 g/l,且最宜為由15至110 g/l, c) 由10至150 g/l,宜為由25至120 g/l,且最宜為由30至110 g/l, d1) 由4至250 g/l,宜為由8至120 g/l,且最宜為由10至80 g/l, d2) 由0至60 g/l,宜為由1至20 g/l,且最宜為由2至10 g/l, d3) 由0至30 g/l,宜為由0.5至20 g/l,且最宜為由1至12 g/l, d4)由0至200 g/l,宜為由5至150 g/l,且最宜為由10至120 g/l, d5) 由0至200 g/l,宜為由0.1至120 g/l,且最宜為由0.5至80 g/l, e) 達到定量的載劑。
- 根據請求項 1至10項中一項或多項之農化調配物,其中該調配物之施用噴灑量為介於 1及20 l/ha,宜為 2及15 l/ha,更宜為 5及15 l/ha。
- 一種施用根據請求項 1至10項中一項或多項之農化組成物至作物的方法,其中該調配物之施用噴灑量為介於 1及20 l/ha,宜為2及15 l/ha,且更宜為5及15 l/ha。
- 根據請求項12之方法,其中a)對於作物之施用量為介於 2及150 g/ha,宜為介於 5及120 g/ha,且更宜為介於20及200 g/ha。
- 根據請求項12或13之方法,其中b) 之施用宜為由 5 g/ha 至150 g/ha,更宜為由7.5 g/ha 至100 g/ha,且最宜為由10 g/ha至60 g/ha。
- 根據請求項12至14項中一項或多項之方法,其中該調配物係施用至葉表面具紋理之植物或作物。
- 一種根據請求項1至10項中一項或多項之農化組成物於施用農化化合物以控制有害生物的用途,其中該組成物係藉由UAV、UGV、PWM來施用。
- 一種控制有害生物的方法,其包括將有效量之根據請求項 1至10項中一項或多項之調配物接觸有害生物、其等之棲息地、其等之宿主(如植物及種子)、及其等生長或可生長之土壤、區域及環境,以及還有欲防護免於有機體攻擊或侵襲之物料、植物、種子、土壤、表面或空間,其特徵在於該組成物係以UAV、UGV、PWM施用。
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TW109115484A TW202107997A (zh) | 2019-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | 高擴散、吸收及耐雨性ulv調配物 |
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- 2020-05-08 JP JP2021565956A patent/JP2022531703A/ja active Pending
- 2020-05-08 CN CN202080045844.1A patent/CN114007419A/zh active Pending
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- 2020-05-08 EP EP20723167.1A patent/EP3965572A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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