CN114007420A - 用于杀真菌剂的高扩散性ulv制剂 - Google Patents
用于杀真菌剂的高扩散性ulv制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114007420A CN114007420A CN202080045578.2A CN202080045578A CN114007420A CN 114007420 A CN114007420 A CN 114007420A CN 202080045578 A CN202080045578 A CN 202080045578A CN 114007420 A CN114007420 A CN 114007420A
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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Abstract
本发明涉及农业化学组合物:其用于叶面施用的用途;其在低喷雾量下的使用;其通过装备着配备有常规喷嘴以及脉冲宽度调制喷嘴的悬臂式喷雾器或旋转盘式液滴涂抹器的无人机系统(UAS)、无人引导车辆(UGV)和拖拉机的使用;以及其用于防治农业害虫、杂草或病害,特别是在蜡质叶片上的应用。
Description
本发明涉及农业化学组合物:其用于叶面施用的用途;其在低喷雾量下的使用;其通过装备着配备有常规喷嘴以及脉冲宽度调制喷嘴的悬臂式喷雾器或旋转盘式液滴涂抹器的无人机系统(UAS)、无人引导车辆(UGV)和拖拉机的使用;以及其用于防治农业害虫、杂草或病害,特别是在蜡质叶片上的应用。
现代农业在以安全和可持续的方式生产足够的粮食方面面临着诸多挑战。因此需要利用作物保护产品来提高安全性、质量和产量,同时最大程度地减小对环境和农业土地的影响。许多作物保护产品——无论化学的还是生物的——通常以相对较高的喷雾量施用,例如在特定情况下大于50L/ha,并且经常大于150-400L/ha。这导致的结果是,必须消耗大量能量来携带大量喷雾液体,然后通过喷雾施用施用到作物上。这可由大型拖拉机完成,由于大型拖拉机的重量以及喷雾液体的重量,其由于所涉及的机械作业产生CO2并且对土壤造成有害的压实,这影响植物的根系生长、健康和产量,并且随后在补救这些影响中也损耗能量。
需要一种解决方案来显著减少大量的喷雾液体并降低施用该产品所需设备的重量。
在农业领域中,低喷雾量应用技术,包括装备着配备有脉冲宽度调制喷嘴的悬臂式喷雾器或旋转盘式液滴涂抹器的无人机系统(UAS)、无人引导车辆(UGV)和拖拉机,这为农民提供了以低喷雾量施用产品的解决方案,喷雾量通常低至10至20L/ha或更少。这些方案的优点包括,例如它们需要显著少的水,这在供水量有限的地区非常重要;它们需要更少量的能量来运输和施用喷雾液体;喷雾液体装罐和施用均很快速;它们减少了喷雾液体运输量和使用更小更轻的车辆,这均减少了CO2的产生和土壤的压实损害,并且能使用更便宜的应用系统。
然而,Wang等人[Field evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)sprayer:effect of spray volume on deposition and the control of pests anddisease in wheat.Pest Management Science 2019doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.5321]表明,随着喷雾量从450和225L/ha降低至28.1、16.8和9.0L/ha,在水敏纸上测量的覆盖范围(%面积)、单位面积的喷雾沉积物的数量以及喷雾沉积物的直径均降低(参见表3,Wang等人,2019)。与此同时,在低喷雾量下对于麦蚜虫防治和白粉病防治的生物防治效果均降低,其中在9.0L/ha下观察到最大的降低,其次为在16.8L/ha下(参见图6、7和8,Wang等人,2019)。
因此,需要设计这样的制剂体系,其克服了在低喷雾量下覆盖范围和喷物沉积物的直径的降低,即使单位面积喷物沉积物的数量在下降:随着喷雾量的减少,对于相同喷雾液滴谱尺寸,每单位面积上的喷雾液滴的数量呈比例地减小。这在低于25L/ha,更特别是低于17L/ha,甚至更特别是在10L/ha以下时是特别必要的。
该解决方案由这样的制剂提供,其包含每公顷施用总量出乎意料低的有机硅氧烷表面活性剂,低于通常使用的水平和预期有机硅氧烷表面活性剂起作用的水平。这种制剂增加了覆盖范围,并且喷雾沉积物的增加的直径与正常更高喷雾量下获得的覆盖范围相当。此外,举例说明了本发明的制剂对难以润湿的叶面特别有效,其中较常规的喷雾量具有较差的保留和覆盖范围。
与常规高喷雾量下所需的水平相比,总量低的有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂所带来的本发明一个特别的优点是,制剂的成本较低且易于生产。其他的优点包括改善的制剂稳定性、简化了生产过程、较低的商品成本和对环境的影响较小。
使用有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂作为桶混物佐剂已经存多年,人们认识到较低的喷雾量可能是有利的。R.Gaskin等人[Adjuvant prescriptions to lower water volumesand improve disease control in vineyards,ISAA 2004 proceedings;R.Gaskin et alNew adjuvant technology for pesticide use on wine grapes,New Zealand PlantProtection 55:154-158(2002);和R.Gaskin等人,Use of a superspreader adjuvant toreduce spray supplication volumes on avocados,New Zealand Avocado Growers’Association Annual Research Report 2004.4:8-12]报道了有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂有利于减少喷雾量。然而,它们是指相对高的喷雾量,100至2500L/ha,以及较高的佐剂剂量,100至800gL/ha。它们并没有明示或暗示有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂可以在非常低的喷雾量(通常低至10-20L/ha或更低)和低剂量的表面活性剂(通常为50g/h或更低)下提供这种优点。
R.Gaskin等人[Effect of surfactant concentration and spray volume onretention of organosilicone sprays on wheat,Proc.50th N.Z Plant ProtectionConf.1997:139-142]总结了有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂预计可在宽范围喷雾施用量下提高农药喷雾剂在难以湿润的耕地作物上的保留。然而,该数据仅涵盖37至280L/ha且仅是指保留农药喷雾剂而非植物覆盖范围和喷雾沉积物的大小。此外,它也未提及本发明的超低喷雾量,其中施用量低至10至20L/ha,并且在一个特别的实施方案中,甚至低于此,如低至1至5L/ha。
以上所述均是指桶混物佐剂而非即用型制剂。
与桶混物相比,本发明的制剂最优选即用型制剂,通过在本发明的制剂中使用高浓度的有机硅氧烷,提供了低喷雾量的优点,因此,在植物上活性成分的量低但仍然有效,如本文所示,这是由于施用后在环境中的低丰度下的低喷雾量。
现有技术中已知的含有有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂的制剂,包括桶混物,主要是被设计用于更高的喷雾量,并且喷雾液中通常含有较低浓度的有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂。然而,由于现有技术中使用高喷雾量,因此在环境中使用的有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂总量高于本发明。
有机硅氧烷表面活性剂的浓度是本发明的一个重要因素,因为当有机硅氧烷表面活性剂的浓度达到一个特定的最低浓度时,就会发生合适的扩散,该最低浓度通常为0.05%重量/重量或重量/体积(这是等价的,因为有机硅氧烷表面活性剂的密度约为1.0g/cm3)。
为了明确起见,如本领域技术人员所理解的那样,扩散意味着液滴在表面(即,在本发明的上下文中为植物部位的表面,如叶片)上迅速扩散。
因此,在现有技术所使用的500L/ha的喷雾量中,需要大约250g/ha的有机硅氧烷表面活性剂来实现合适的扩散。因此,面对减少喷雾量这一任务,本领域技术人员将会在制剂中使用等浓度的有机硅氧烷表面活性剂。例如,对于10L/ha喷雾量,将需要大约5g/ha(约为喷雾液的0.05%)表面活性剂。然而,在如此低的量和如此低浓度的有机硅氧烷表面活性剂下,无法实现充分的扩散(参见实施例)。
在本发明中,我们出乎意料地发现,随着喷雾量的减小而增加有机硅氧烷表面活性剂的浓度可以弥补由于喷雾量减少造成的覆盖范围的损失(由于未充分扩散)。出乎意料地发现,喷雾量每减少50%,表面活性剂的浓度应大致加倍。
因此,尽管有机硅氧烷表面活性剂的绝对浓度相比于现有技术的制剂增加了,但可减少每公顷的相对总量,这在经济和生态上都是有利的,同时本发明的制剂覆盖范围和功效均得到改善、维持或至少保持在可接受的水平,同时低施用量也有其他优点,例如由于较低的商品成本使得制剂的成本较低、具有较小工作成本的较小车辆、土壤压实更少等等。
本发明允许使用出乎意料地低总量的有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂的另一部分是目标作物叶片的表面纹理。Bico等人[Wetting of textured surface,Colloids andSurfaces A,206(2002)41-46]已经证实,与光滑的表面相比,有纹理的表面可以提高接触角度<90°的制剂喷雾稀释液的润湿,并降低触角度>90°的润湿。
这也适用于叶表面的情况,尤其是有纹理的叶表面,当根据本发明的方法进行喷雾时,由于本发明的具有高浓度有机硅氧烷表面活性剂的制剂的低喷雾量,使得有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂总量(每公顷)低。可以证明喷雾液体对叶表面的覆盖范围非常高,甚至比通常预期的水平还要高。
有纹理的叶表面包括表面含有微米级蜡晶体的叶片,例如小麦、大麦、水稻、油菜、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜;以及具有表面纹理的叶片,例如荷叶。表面纹理可通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察确定,而叶片可湿性则可通过测定一滴水在叶表面形成的接触角确定。
综上所述,本发明的目的是提供一种可以超低容量(即<20L/ha)施用的制剂,同时仍能提供良好的叶面覆盖、吸收以及对真菌病原体的生物功效,同时减少了每公顷施用的额外添加剂的量;以及一种以超低容量(<20L/ha)使用所述制剂的方法;以及所述制剂以如上所述的超低容量施用的用途。
虽然优选在有纹理的叶片上施用,但出乎意料地发现,与200L/ha的典型喷雾施用制剂相比,本发明的制剂在无纹理的叶片上也显示出良好的扩散和覆盖范围以及其他性能。
一些方面,本发明涉及本发明的组合物用于叶面施用的用途。
如果没有其他说明,本申请中的%表示重量百分比(%重量/重量)。
应理解,在各种成分组合的情况下,制剂中所有成分的百分比总和为100。
此外,如果没有其他说明,涉及水的“补足至容积(to volume)”表示将水加至1000mL(1L)的制剂总体积。
在本发明的上下文中,水基农业化学组合物包括至少5%的水且包括悬浮剂、水悬液、悬乳剂或胶囊悬浮剂,优选悬浮剂和水悬液。
此外,应理解,本说明书中给出的施用量或施用率以及各成分的优选给定范围可以自由组合,并且本文公开了所有组合,然而,在一个更优选的实施方案中,所述成分优选存在于相同优选程度的范围内,甚至更优选所述成分存在于最优选的范围内。
一方面,本发明涉及一种制剂,其包括:
a)一种或多种活性成分,其选自农业化学上施用的杀真菌剂,
b)一种或多种有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂(优选为聚环氧烷改性的七甲基三硅氧烷),
c)一种或多种其他助剂,以及
d)补足至容积的水,
其中b)的存在量为5至250g/l。
如果没有其他说明,在本发明中,通常使用水来使制剂定容。优选地,本发明的制剂中水的浓度为至少50g/l,更优选至少100g/l,例如至少200g/l,至少400g/l,至少500g/l,至少600g/l,至少700g/l以及至少800g/l。
将该制剂优选用于作物上的喷雾施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的制剂包括:
a)一种或多种活性成分,其选自农业化学上施用的杀真菌剂,
b)一种有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂(优选为聚环氧烷改性的七甲基三硅氧烷),和
c1)至少一种合适的非离子表面活性剂和/或合适的离子表面活性剂,
c2)任选地,流变改性剂,
c3)任选地,合适的消泡剂,
c4)任选地,合适的防冻剂,
c5)任选地,合适的其他助剂,
d)补足至容积的水。
在一个优选实施方案中,组分a)的存在量优选为5至500g/l,优选为10至300g/l,最优选为20至200g/l。
在一个优选实施方案中,组分b)的存在量为4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l。
在一个优选实施方案中,一种或多种组分c1)的存在量为4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l。
在一个优选实施方案中,一种或多种组分c2)的存在量为0至60g/l,优选为1至20g/l,最优选为2至10g/l。
在一个优选实施方案中,一种或多种组分c3)的存在量为0至30g/l,优选为0.5至20g/l,最优选为1至12g/l。
在一个优选实施方案中,一种或多种组分c4)的存在量为0至200g/l,优选为5至150g/l,最优选为10至120g/l。
在一个优选实施方案中,一种或多种组分c5)的存在量为0至200g/l,优选为0.1至120g/l,最优选为0.5至80g/l。
在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含以下量的组分a)至d):
a)5至500g/l,优选为10至300g/l,最优选为20至200g/l,
b)4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l,
c1)4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l,
c2)0至60g/l,优选为1至20g/l,最优选为2至10g/l,
c3)0至30g/l,优选为0.5至20g/l,最优选为1至12g/l,
c4)0至200g/l,优选为5至150g/l,最优选为10至120g/l,
c5)0至200g/l,优选为0.1至120g/l,最优选为0.5至80g/l,
d)补足至容积的水。
在另一实施方案中,所述制剂包含以下量的组分a)至d):
b)5至250g/l
c)5至250g/l
c1 5至120g/l
c2 1至20g/l
c3 0.1至14g/l
c4 5至120g/l
c5 0.1至100g/l
d)补足至容积的水。
如上所述,组分d)均添加至容积,即至1L。
本发明的另一优选实施方案中,所述制剂仅由具有特定量和范围的所述成分a)至d)组成。
本发明还涉及施用上述制剂的方法,其中所述制剂以1至20L/ha,优选2至15L/ha,更优选5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用。
更优选地,本发明涉及施用上述制剂的方法,其中所述制剂以1至20L/ha,优选为2至15L/ha,更优选为5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用,并且b)的存在量为4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l,其中在进一步优选的实施方案中,a)的存在量为5至500g/l,优选为10至300g/l,最优选为20至200g/l。
在一个可选实施方案中,a)的存在量为50至100g/l。
在另一个实施方案中,a)的存在量为5至30g/l。
另一方面,本发明涉及施用上述制剂的方法,
其中制剂以1至20L/ha,优选为2至15L/ha,更优选为5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用,并且
其中优选a)对作物的施用量为2至150g/ha,优选为5至120g/ha,更优选为20至100g/ha。
在一个实施方案中,采用上述方法,a)对作物的施用量为2至10g/ha。
在另一个实施方案中,采用上述方法,a)对作物的施用量为40至110g/ha。
在上述施用的一个实施方案中,活性组分(ai)a)的优选施用量为2至150g/ha,优选为5至120g/ha,更优选为20至100g/ha,同时相应的有机硅氧烷表面活性剂b)的优选施用量为10g/ha至100g/ha,更优选为20g/ha至80g/ha,最优选为40g/ha至60g/ha。
特别地,本发明的制剂可以1至20L/ha,优选为2至15L/ha,更优选为5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用于有纹理叶面的植物或作物,优选小麦、大麦、水稻、油菜、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜。
此外,本发明涉及一种以1至20L/ha,优选为2至15L/ha,更优选为5至15L/ha的喷雾量处理有纹理叶面的作物(优选为小麦、大麦、水稻、油菜、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜)的方法。
在一个优选实施方案中,在有纹理叶面的作物(优选小麦、大麦、水稻、油菜、大豆(幼苗)和卷心菜)上进行上述施用。
本发明制剂中有机硅氧烷表面活性剂(b)与施用剂量的相应剂量为:
2L/ha液体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有25g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有15g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有6g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有5g/l表面活性剂(b)。
1L/ha液体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有50g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有30g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有12g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有10g/l表面活性剂(b)。
0.5L/ha液体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有100g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有60g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有24g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有20g/l表面活性剂(b)。
0.2L/ha液体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有250g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有150g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有60g/l表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有50g/l表面活性剂(b)。
2kg/ha固体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有25g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有15g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有6g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有5g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
1kg/ha固体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有50g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有30g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有12g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有10g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
0.5kg/ha固体制剂递送:
-50g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有100g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-30g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有60g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-12g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有24g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
-10g/ha有机硅氧烷表面活性剂含有20g/kg表面活性剂(b)。
以其他剂量/公顷使用的制剂中的机硅氧烷表面活性剂(b)的浓度可以相同的方式进行计算。
在本发明的上下文中,适合的制剂类型定义为悬浮剂、水悬液、悬乳剂或胶囊悬浮剂、乳液浓缩物、水分散性颗粒剂、油分散体、可乳化浓缩剂、分散性乳剂,优选为悬浮剂、水悬剂、悬乳剂和油分散体,其中在非水性制剂和固体制剂的情况下通过加入水获得可喷雾制剂。
因此,在一个实施方案中,通过稀释悬浮剂(SC)获得制剂。
本发明的SC稀释液包含:
a)0.2至200g/l活性成分,优选为1至100g/l。
b)0.5至10g/l有机硅氧烷表面活性剂,优选为1至5g/l。
c)C1 0.05至24g/l,优选为0.5至12g/l。
C2 0至4g/l,优选为0.1至2g/l。
C3 0至4g/l,优选为0.01至2g/l。
C4 0至20g/l,优选为0.5至24g/l。
C5 0.001至20g/l,优选为0.01至5g/l。
因此,在一个实施方案中,通过稀释悬乳剂(SE)获得制剂。
本发明的SE稀释液包含:
a)0.2至200g/l活性成分,优选为1至100g/l。
b)0.5至10g/l有机硅氧烷表面活性剂,优选为1至5g/l。
c)C1 0.05至24g/l,优选为0.5至12g/l。
C2 0至4g/l,优选为0.1至2g/l。
C3 0至4g/l,优选为0.01至2g/l。
C4 0至20g/l,优选为0.5至24g/l。
C5 0.001至20g/l,优选为0.01至5g/l。
活性成分(a):
本文中以其“通用名称”提及的活性化合物是已知的,并且记载于例如农药手册(《农药手册(The Pesticide Manual)》,第16版,British Crop Protection Council2012)或者可以在互联网(例如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)上检索到。该分类以提交该专利申请时适用的IRAC作用方式分类方案为基础。
本发明的杀真菌剂(a)的实例为:
1)麦角固醇生物合成抑制剂,例如(1.001)环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、(1.002)苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)、(1.003)氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、(1.004)环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、(1.005)苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、(1.006)丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、(1.007)胺苯呲菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、(1.008)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、(1.009)粉唑醇(flutriafol)、(1.010)抑霉唑(imazalil)、(1.011)烯菌灵(imazalil sulphate)、(1.012)种菌唑(ipconazole)、(1.013)叶菌唑(metconazole)、(1.014)腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、(1.015)多效唑(paclobutrazole)、(1.016)咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、(1.017)丙环唑(propiconazole)、(1.018)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、(1.019)啶菌唑(pyrisoxazole)、(1.020)螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)、(1.021)戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、(1.022)四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、(1.023)三唑醇(triadimenol)、(1.024)十三吗啉(tridemorph)、(1.025)灭菌唑(triticonazole)、(1.026)(1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-氯甲基-2-甲基-1-(1-H-1,2.4-三唑-1-亚甲基)环戊醇、(1.027)(1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1-H-1,2.4-三唑-1-亚甲基)环戊醇、(1.028)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.029)(2R)-2-(1-氯代环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯代环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.030)(2R)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.031)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.032)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.033)(2S)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.034)(R)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.035)(S)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.036)[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.037)1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.038)1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.039)1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.040)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.041)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.042)2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.043)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.044)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.045)2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.046)2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.047)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.048)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.049)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.050)2-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.051)2-[2-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.052)2-[2-氯-4-(4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.053)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.054)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)戊-2-醇、(1.055)氯氟醚菌唑、(1.056)2-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.057)2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟-苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.058)2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.059)5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.060)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.061)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.062)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.063)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.064)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.065)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.066)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(五氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.067)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-四氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.068)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.069)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-四氟丙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.070)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(五氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.071)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.072)N'-(4-{[3-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]硫基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.073)N'-(4-{3-[(二氟甲基)硫基]苯氧基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.074)N'-[5-溴-6-(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基氧基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.075)N'-{4-[(4,5-二氯-1,3-噻唑-2-基)氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.076)N'-{5-溴-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.077)N'-{5-溴-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.078)N'-{5-溴-6-[(顺式-4-异丙基-环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.079)N'-{5-溴-6-[(反式-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.080)N'-{5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.081)ipfentrifluconazole、(1.082)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.083)2-[6-(4-溴苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.084)2-[6-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.085)3-[2-(1-氯环丙基)-3-(3-氯-2-氟-苯基)-2-羟基-丙基]咪唑-4-甲腈、(1.086)4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,1-二氟-2-羟基-3-(5-硫酮-4H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙基]-3-吡啶]氧基]苯甲腈、(1.087)N-异丙基-N'-[5-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1-羟基-1-苯基乙基)苯基]-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.088)N'-{5-溴-2-甲基-6-[(1-丙氧基丙-2-基)氧基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.089)己唑醇(hexaconazole)、(1.090)戊菌唑(penconazole)、(1.091)腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)。
2)呼吸链复合物I或II的抑制剂,例如(2.001)苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、(2.002)联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、(2.003)啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、(2.004)萎锈灵(carboxin)、(2.005)氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、(2.006)氟酰胺(flutolanil)、(2.007)氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)、(2.008)呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、(2.009)异丙噻菌胺(Isofetamid)、(2.010)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构对映体1R,4S,9S)、(2.011)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构对映体1S,4R,9R)、(2.012)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR)、(2.013)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS和反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)、(2.014)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构对映体1R,4S,9R)、(2.015)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构对映体1S,4R,9S)、(2.016)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(2.017)戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、(2.018)吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、(2.019)氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)、(2.020)Pyraziflumid、(2.021)环丙吡菌胺(sedaxane)、(2.022)1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.023)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.024)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.025)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)联苯基-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.026)2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)苯甲酰胺、(2.027)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.028)inpyrfluxam、(2.029)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.030)氟茚唑菌胺(fluindapyr)、(2.031)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.032)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.033)5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)-吡啶-2-基]氧基}苯基)乙基]喹啉-4-胺、(2.034)N-(2-环戊基-5-氟苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.035)N-(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.036)N-(2-叔丁基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.037)N-(5-氯-2-乙基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.038)isoflucypram、(2.039)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.040)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.041)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.042)N-[2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.043)N-[3-氯-2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.044)N-[5-氯-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.045)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-N-[5-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.046)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-氟-6-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.047)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基-5-甲基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.048)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-硫代甲酰胺、(2.049)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.050)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(5-氟-2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.051)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-4,5-二甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.052)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-氟苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.053)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.054)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-氟苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.055)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-甲基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.056)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.057)pyrapropoyne、(2.058)N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)-烟酰胺、(2.059)N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺。
3)呼吸链复合物III抑制剂,例如(3.001)辛唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、(3.002)吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)、(3.003)嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、(3.004)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、(3.005)coumoxystrobin、(3.006)氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、(3.007)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、(3.008)烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、(3.009)噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)、(3.010)咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、(3.011)氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin),(3.012)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、(3.013)醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、(3.014)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、(3.015)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(3.016)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、(3.017)唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)(3.018)唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、(3.019)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、(3.020)肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、(3.021)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯基乙烯基]氧基}苯基)亚乙基]氨基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.022)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-酰胺、(3.023)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.024)(2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.025)fenpicoxamid、(3.026)mandestrobin、(3.027)N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基环乙基)-3-甲酰胺-2-羟基苯甲酰胺、(3.028)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-酰胺、(3.029){5-[3-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-2-甲基苄基}氨基甲酸甲酯、(3.030)metyltetraprole、(3.031)florylpicoxamid。
4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂的抑制剂,例如(4.001)多菌灵(carbendazim)、(4.002)乙霉威(diethofencarb)、(4.003)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、(4.004)氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、(4.005)戊菌隆(pencycuron)、(4.006)噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、(4.007)甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、(4.008)苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、(4.009)pyridachlometyl、(4.010)3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、(4.011)3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪、(4.012)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.013)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.014)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.015)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.016)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.017)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.018)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二苯基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.019)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.020)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.021)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.022)4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、(4.023)N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.024)N-(2-溴苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.025)N-(4-氯-2,6-二氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.026)氟醚菌酰胺(fluopimomide)。
5)具有多位点作用的化合物,例如(5.001)波尔多液(Bordeaux mixture)、(5.002)敌菌丹(captafol)、(5.003)克菌丹(captan)、(5.004)百菌清(chlorothalonil)、(5.005)氢氧化铜(copper hydroxide)、(5.006)环烷酸铜(copper naphthenate)、(5.007)氧化铜(copper oxide)、(5.008)氧氯化铜(copper oxychloride)、(5.009)硫酸铜(copper(2+)sulphate)、(5.010)二噻农(dithianon)、(5.011)多果定(dodine)、(5.012)灭菌丹(folpet)、(5.013)代森锰锌(mancozeb)、(5.014)锌代森锰(maneb)、(5.015)代森联(metiram)、(5.016)metiram zinc、(5.017)喹啉铜(oxine-copper)、(5.018)丙森锌(propineb)、(5.019)包括多硫化钙的硫和硫制剂、(5.020)福美双(thiram)、(5.021)代森锌(zineb)、(5.022)福美锌(ziram)、(5.023)6-乙基-5,7-二氧代-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3',4':5,6][1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c][1,2]噻唑-3-甲腈。
6)能诱导宿主防御的化合物,例如(6.001)苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、(6.002)异噻菌胺(isotianil)、(6.003)烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、(6.004)噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)。
7)氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成的抑制剂,例如(7.001)嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、(7.002)春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、(7.003)春雷霉素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycinhydrochloride hydrate)、(7.004)氧四环素(oxytetracycline)、(7.005)嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、(7.006)3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉。
8)ATP产生抑制剂,例如(8.001)硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)。
9)细胞壁合成的抑制剂,例如(9.001)苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、(9.002)烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、(9.003)氟吗啉(flumorph)、(9.004)异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、(9.005)双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、(9.006)吡吗啉(pyrimorph)、(9.007)霜霉灭(valifenalate)、(9.008)(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(9.009)(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮。
10)脂质和膜合成抑制剂,例如(10.001)霜霉威(propamocarb)、(10.002)霜霉威盐酸盐(propamocarb hydrochloride)、(10.003)甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)。
11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,例如(11.001)三环唑(tricyclazole)、(11.002)tolprocarb。
12)核酸合成抑制剂,例如(12.001)苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、(12.002)精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M、kiralaxyl)、(12.003)甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、(12.004)高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(精甲霜灵(mefenoxam))。
13)信号转导抑制剂,例如(13.001)咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、(13.002)异菌脲(iprodione)、(13.003)腐霉利(procymidone)、(13.004)丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、(13.005)喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、(13.006)乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)。
14)能够作为解偶联剂的化合物,例如(14.001)氟啶胺(fluazinam)、(14.002)消螨多(meptyldinocap)。
15)其他杀真菌剂,其选自(15.001)脱落酸(abscisic acid)、(15.002)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)、(15.003)bethoxazin、(15.004)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、(15.005)香芹酮(carvone)、(15.006)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、(15.007)硫杂灵(cufraneb)、(15.008)环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、(15.009)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、(15.010)环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、(15.011)flutianil、(15.012)三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.013)三乙膦酸钙(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.014)三乙膦酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.015)异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、(15.016)苯菌酮(metrafenon)、(15.017)米多霉素(mildiomycin)、(15.018)纳他霉素(natamycin)、(15.019)福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、(15.020)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.021)oxamocarb、(15.022)氟噻唑吡乙酮(oxathiapiprolin)、(15.023)oxyfenthiin、(15.024)五氯苯酚及盐、(15.025)亚磷酸及其盐、(15.026)霜霉威乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(15.027)pyriofenone(chlazafenone)、(15.028)异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、(15.029)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、(15.030)甲磺菌胺(tolnifanide)、(15.031)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.032)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.033)2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.034)dipymetitrone、(15.035)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.036)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氯-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.037)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氟-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.038)2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.039)2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.040)2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.041)Ipflufenoquin、(15.042)2-{2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]苯基}丙-2-醇、(15.043)fluoxapiprolin、(15.044)2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.045)2-苯基苯酚及其盐、(15.046)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.047)quinofumelin、(15.048)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互变异构形式:4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-酮)、(15.049)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]丁酸、(15.050)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.051)5-氯-N'-苯基-N'-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩-2-磺酰肼、(15.052)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.053)5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.054)9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并氧杂吖庚因、(15.055){6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸丁-3-炔-1-基酯、(15.056)(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯、(15.057)吩嗪-1-甲酸、(15.058)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯、(15.059)喹啉-8-醇、(15.060)喹啉-8-醇硫酸酯(2:1)、(15.061){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯、(15.062)5-氟-4-亚氨基-3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮、(15.063)aminopyrifen、(15.064)(N'-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.065)(N'-(2-氯-5-甲基-4苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.066)(2-{2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧代]-6-氟苯基}丙-2-醇)、(15.067)(5-溴-1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.068)(3-(4,4-二氟-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-基)喹啉)、(15.069)(1-(4,5-二甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.070)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.071)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.072)3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)-8-氟喹啉、(15.073)(N-甲基-N-苯基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺)、(15.074){4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}氨基甲酸甲酯、(15.075)(N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}环丙烷甲酰胺)、(15.076)N-甲基-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.077)N-[(E)-甲氧基亚氨基-甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.078)N-[(Z)-甲氧基亚氨基甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.079)N-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.080)N-(2-氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.081)2,2-二氟-N-甲基-2-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]乙酰胺、(15.082)N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]乙酰胺、(15.083)N-[(E)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳酰亚胺基]-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.084)N-[(Z)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳酰亚胺基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.085)N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.086)4,4-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯烷-2-酮、(15.087)N-甲基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯硫代甲酰胺、(15.088)5-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯烷-2-酮、(15.089)N-((2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺、(15.090)1-甲氧基-1-甲基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.091)1,1-二乙基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.092)N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.093)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.094)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.095)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.096)N,2-二甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.097)N-乙基-2-甲基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.098)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.099)1,3-二甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.100)3-乙基-1-甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.101)1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.102)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.103)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.104)3,3-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.105)1-[[3-氟-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑3-基]-苯基]甲基]氮杂环庚-2-酮、(15.106)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑-3-酮、(15.107)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑-3-酮、(15.108)1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸乙酯、(15.109)N,N-二甲基-1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-胺、(15.110)N-{2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}丁酰胺、(15.111)N-(1-甲基环丙基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.112)N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.113)1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.114)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.115)1-(5-(氟甲基)-6-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.116)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.117)4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基二甲基-氨基酸甲酯、(15.118)N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}丙酰胺、(15.119)3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.120)9-氟-3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.121)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.122)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-9-氟-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.123)1-(6,7-二甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.124)8-氟-N-(4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基)喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.125)8-氟-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基]喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.126)N-(2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺和(15.127)N-[(2S)-2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺。
至少一种活性成分优选选自杀真菌剂,所述杀真菌剂选自上文所述的种类:(1)呼吸链复合物的抑制剂,特别是唑类、(2)呼吸链复合物I或II抑制剂、(3)呼吸链复合物抑制剂、(4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂、(6)能够诱导宿主防御的化合物、(10)脂质和膜合成抑制剂,以及(15)。
进一步优选,至少一种活性成分a)选自肟菌酯、丙硫菌唑、戊唑醇、氟吡菌酰胺、联苯吡菌胺、isoflucypram、inpyrfluxam、fluoxapiproline、氟吡菌胺、异噻菌胺、sprioxamin和霜霉威。
上述(1)至(15)类中所有已命名的杀真菌剂都可以游离化合物的形式存在,如果其官能团可以的话,则可以其农业化学活性盐的形式存在。
此外,在适用的情况下,应包括内消旋形式以及立体异构体或对映异构体,因为这些修饰以及多晶型修饰是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
如果没有特别说明,本发明中的固体农业化学活性化合物a)应理解为常用于植物处理的所有物质,其熔点高于20℃。
在一优选的实施方案中,仅存在一种作为杀真菌剂的活性成分。
在另一实施方案中,所述制剂包括两种杀真菌剂的混合物作为a)。在又一实施方案中,所述制剂包括三种杀真菌剂的混合物作为a)。
在一个可选的实施方案中,所述制剂包含作为杀真菌剂的a)和作为混合配伍剂的另一活性成分,所述活性成分选自杀虫剂、除草剂和安全剂。
有机硅氧烷表面活性剂(b)
适合的有机硅氧烷表面活性剂为有机硅氧烷乙氧基化物,特别是有机改性的聚硅氧烷/三硅氧烷烷氧基化物,其具有以下CAS编号:27306-78-1、67674-67-3、134180-76-0,例如L77、408、S240、S278;
优选的是聚环氧烷改性的七甲基三硅氧烷,优选选自包含硅氧烷基的组,聚(氧基-1,2-乙二基),α-甲基-ω-[3-[1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-[(三甲基硅烷基)氧基]二硅氧烷基]丙氧基](CAS No(27306-78-1)、聚(氧基-1,2-乙二基),α-[3-[1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-[(三甲基硅烷基)氧基]二硅氧烷基]丙基]-ω-羟基(CAS编号67674-67-3)、环氧乙烷,甲基-与环氧乙烷,单3-1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-(三甲基硅烷基)氧基二硅氧烷基丙基醚的聚合物(CAS编号134180-76-0)。
其他助剂(c)
c1适合的非离子表面活性剂或分散剂c1)是通常用于农业化学试剂的所有此类物质。优选为聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物,优选其分子量大于6000g/mol或聚环氧乙烷含量大于45%,更优选其分子量大于6000g/mol并且聚环氧乙烷含量大于45%;支链或直链醇的聚乙二醇醚、脂肪酸或脂肪酸醇与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的反应产物,以及聚乙烯醇、聚氧亚烷基胺衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的共聚物,以及(甲基)丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物,以及支链或直链烷基乙氧基化物和烷基芳基乙氧基化物,其中可提及的实例为聚环氧乙烷-脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯。在上面提到的实例中,选择的种类可以任选地被磷酸化、磺化或硫酸化并用碱中和。
可能的阴离子表面活性剂c1)为通常用于农业化学试剂的所有此类物质。优选烷基磺酸或烷基磷酸以及烷基芳基磺酸或烷基芳基磷酸的碱金属、碱土金属和铵盐。另一类优选的阴离子表面活性剂或分散剂为聚苯乙烯磺酸的碱金属、碱土金属和铵盐;聚乙烯磺酸盐;烷基萘磺酸盐;萘-磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的盐;萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸和甲醛的缩合产物的盐;以及木质素磺酸的盐。
c2流变改性剂是一种添加剂,当以降低储存期间分散的活性成分的重力分离的浓度添加到配方中时,使得在低剪切速率下的粘度显著增加。对于本发明的目的,低剪切速率定义为0.1s-1及以下,并且显著增加为大于x2。粘度可以通过旋转剪切流变仪测量。
适合的流变改性剂c4)为例如:
优选为黄原胶、蒙脱土、粘土和气相法二氧化硅。
c3适合的消泡剂c3)是为此目的通常可用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。优选为硅油和硅油制剂。实例为Blurstar Silicones的426和432、Wacker的SRE和SC132、Silchem的Basildon Chemical Company Ltd的Foam-ClearMomentive的1572和30[二甲基硅氧烷和硅酮,CAS编号63148-62-9]。优选为1572。
c4适合的防冻物质是为此目的通常可用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。适合的实例为丙二醇、乙二醇、脲和甘油。
c5适合的其他助剂c5)选自例如杀生物剂、防冻剂、着色剂、pH调节剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、惰性填充材料、湿润剂、晶体生长抑制剂、微量营养素。
可能的防腐剂是为此目的通常可用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。适合的防腐剂的实例为包含5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的制剂[CAS编号26173-55-4]、2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮[CAS编号2682-20-4]或1,2-苯并异噻唑-3(2H)-酮[CAS编号2634-33-5]。可提及的实例为D7(Lanxess)、CG/ICP(Dow)、SPX(ThorGmbH)和GXL(Arch Chemicals)。
可能的着色剂是为此目的通常可用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。可提及的实例为二氧化钛、炭黑、氧化锌、蓝色颜料、亮蓝FCF、红色颜料和永固红FGR。
可能的pH调节剂和缓冲剂是为此目的通常可用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。可提及的实例为柠檬酸、硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、磷酸氢钠(Na2HPO4)、磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4)、磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、磷酸氢钾(K2HPO4)。
适合的稳定剂和抗氧化剂是为此目的通常可用于农业化学试剂中的所有物质。优选为丁基羟基甲苯[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基甲苯,CAS编号128-37-0]。
这些喷雾液体通过常规方法使用,例如通过喷雾、浇灌或注射,特别是通过喷雾,最特别是通过UAV喷雾。
本发明制剂的施用率可以在一个相对宽的范围内变化。这通过特定的活性农业化学品及其在制剂中的量决定。
借助于本发明的制剂,可以以一种特别有利的方式将活性农业化学品递送至植物和/或其生境。
本发明还涉及使用本发明的农业化学品组合物将所包含的农业化学活性化合物施用至植物和/或其生境。
可以使用本发明的制剂来处理所有植物和植物部位。这里的植物是指所有的植物和植物种群,例如所需的和不需的野生植物或作物(包括天然存在的作物植物)。作物植物可以是通过常规育种和优化方法或生物技术和基因技术以及通过这些方法组合获得的植物,包括转基因植物和受或不受品种权保护的植物品种。植物部位是指植物所有的地上和地下部位和器官,如芽、叶、花和根,示例性的列表包括叶、针、茎、树干、花、子实体、果实和种子以及根、块茎和根茎。植物部位同样包括采收物以及无性和有性繁殖材料。
在本文中需要强调的是,本发明制剂关于其在谷类植物中的使用具有特别有利的效果,所述谷类植物为例如小麦、燕麦、大麦、斯佩尔特小麦、黑小麦和黑麦,以及玉米、高粱和粟、水稻、甘蔗、大豆、向日葵、马铃薯、棉花、加拿大油菜、油菜、烟草、甜菜、饲料甜菜、芦笋、啤酒花,和水果植物(包括的仁果类如苹果、梨,核果类如桃、油桃、樱桃、李子和杏,柑橘类水果如橙、葡萄柚、酸橙、柠檬、金桔、柑橘和蜜橘,坚果类如开心果、杏仁、核桃和山核桃,热带水果如芒果、木瓜、菠萝、海枣、香蕉和葡萄)和蔬菜(包括叶类蔬菜如菊苣、野苣、茴香、莴苣、直立莴苣、唐莴苣、菠菜沙拉用菊苣,卷心菜类如花椰菜、西兰花、大白菜、甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)(L.)锥形叶变种(convar.acephala var.sabellica)(羽衣甘蓝、羽状卷心菜)、大头菜、抱子甘蓝、红卷心菜、白卷心菜和皱叶甘蓝,水果蔬菜包括茄子、黄瓜、辣椒、南瓜、番茄、西葫芦和甜玉米,根茎类蔬菜如块根芹、野萝卜、胡萝卜(包括黄色品种,黑萝卜(Raphanus sativus var.niger)和四季萝卜(Raphanus sativus var.radicula))、甜菜根、鸦葱属、芹菜,豆类如豌豆和菜豆,葱科蔬菜如韭菜和洋葱。
根据本发明,使用本发明的制剂对植物和植物部位进行的处理通过常规处理方法直接进行或作用于其环境、生境或储存空间来进行,如通过浸渍、喷雾、蒸发、雾化、撒播或涂抹以及在繁殖材料,特别是种子的情况下,还通过施用一层或多层包衣来进行。
所包含的活性农用化学品比以相应的常规制剂形式施用时表现出更好的生物活性。
叶表面
在表1a和表1b中,示出了水在有纹理和无纹理的叶表面上的接触角。
表1具有有纹理叶片的植物
表1具有无纹理叶片的植物
植物 | 种属 | 水的接触角°(近轴的) |
苹果 | Malus Domestica | 104° |
番茄 | Solanum lycopersicum | 106° |
玉米,BBCH-15/16 | Zea mays | 108° |
玉米,BBCH-17 | Zea mays | 107° |
玉米,BBCH-18 | Zea mays | 96° |
玉米,BBCH-19 | Zea mays | 87° |
苘麻 | Abutilon theophrasti | 103° |
无纹理的作物和植物的实例包括西红柿、辣椒、土豆、胡萝卜、芹菜、甜菜、甜菜根、菠菜、莴苣、豆类、豌豆、三叶草、苹果、梨、桃子、杏、李子、芒果、鳄梨、橄榄、柑橘、橘子、柠檬、酸橙、葡萄、无花果、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、草莓、树莓、蓝莓、向日葵、南瓜、大豆(>BBCHXX)、玉米(>BBCH 15)、棉花。
有纹理的作物和植物的实例包括大蒜、洋葱、韭菜、大豆(<BBCH XX)、燕麦、小麦、大麦、水稻、甘蔗、菠萝、香蕉、亚麻籽、百合、兰花、玉米(<BBCH15)、卷心菜、球芽甘蓝、西兰花、花椰菜、黑麦、油菜、郁金香和花生。
附图:
图1为叶表面纹理的扫描电镜图,其中上图表示葡萄藤叶表面(无纹理),下图表示大豆叶表面(有纹理)。
由于大豆和玉米在生命周期内会改变叶子的特性,根据本发明,可以针对叶子特性来调整处理,即本发明的制剂可以在叶子难以湿润的生长期中施用。
用于杀真菌剂的高扩散性ULV制剂
本发明通过以下实施例进行说明。
实施例
方法
方法1:SC制备
悬浮剂制剂的制备方法在本领域是已知的,并且可以由本领域技术人员所熟知的方法来制备。在低剪切搅拌下制备在水中的黄原胶(c)与杀生物剂(c)的2%凝胶。将活性成分(a)、非离子和阴离子分散剂(c)、消泡剂(c)和其他助剂(c)用水混合制成浆液,首先用高剪切转子-定子混合器进行混合,将粒径D(v,0.9)减小至约50微米,然后通过一个或多个珠磨机(250 Mini Motormill),使粒径D(v,0.9)通常为1至15微米。然后加入聚环氧烷改性的七甲基三硅氧烷(b)和上述制备的黄原胶并通过低剪切搅拌混合至均匀。最后,用酸或碱(c)调节pH值至7.0(+/-0.2)。
方法2:WG制备
可湿性颗粒制剂的制备方法在本领域是已知的,并且可以由本领域技术人员所熟知的方法来制备。
为制备流化床颗粒,首先需制备水基工艺浓缩液。在低剪切搅拌下,将活性成分、安全剂(a)、表面活性剂(b)、分散剂(c)、粘合剂(d)、消泡剂(e)、扩散剂(f)和填充剂(g)在水中混合,最后在高剪切转子-定子混合器中预研磨,使粒径(v,0.9)减小至约50微米,然后通过一个或多个珠磨机(KDL,Bachofen,Dynomill,Bühler,Drais,Lehmann),使粒径D(v,0.9)通常为1至15微米。
然后将这种水基工艺浓缩液在流化床造粒过程中进行喷雾干燥,形成可湿性颗粒(WG)。
根据CIPAC(CIPAC=国际农药分析合作委员会(Collaborative InternationalPesticides Analytical Council;www.cipac.org)方法MT187测定粒径。粒径分布根据激光衍射法确定。在环境温度下将代表性量的样品分散在脱气水中(样品自饱和),通过超声波处理(通常为60秒),然后用Malvern Mastersizer系列(Malvern Panalytical)设备测定。通过多元素探测器在不同角度测定散射光,并记录相关数值。通过弗朗霍夫(Fraunhofer)模型,根据散射数据计算出特定尺寸级别的比例,并据此计算出体积加权粒径分布。通常给出d50和d90值=活性成分粒径(所有体积颗粒的50或90%)。平均粒径表示d50值。
方法3:
EC制剂的制备方法在本领域是已知的,并且可以由本领域技术人员所熟知的方法来制备。
将活性成分、安全剂(a)、表面活性剂(b)、扩散剂(d)在标准设备中溶解于或混合于有机溶剂(c)而获得下表所示的制剂。
在某些情况下,通过稍微提高温度(不超过60℃)来促进溶解或混合。
方法4:覆盖范围
这些实验采用表1a和1b中所示的处于发育阶段的温室植物。在喷雾实验前剪下单片叶片,放置于培养皿中,两端用胶带以0°(水平方向)或60°(以使可喷雾50%的叶面积)粘接。小心移动叶片避免损坏蜡表面。这些水平朝向的叶片a)放置于通过液压喷嘴施用喷雾液体的喷雾室中,或者b)将4μL喷雾液液滴用移液器移至顶部,而不与叶表面接触。
在喷雾液体中加入少量UV染料用于观察紫外光照射下的喷雾沉积物。选择染料的浓度使得不影响喷雾液体表面性质且不会有助于其自身扩散。将Tinopal OB作为胶体悬浮液用于所有可流动和固体的制剂,如WG、SC、OD和SE。将Tinopal CBS-X或Blankophor SOL用于其中溶解了活性成分的制剂如EC、EW和SL。将Tinopal CBS-X溶于水相并将BlankophorSOL溶于油相。
在喷雾液体蒸发后,将叶片放置于Camag,Reprostar 3UV室中,其中在可见光和366nm的紫外光下拍摄喷雾沉积物的照片。将Canon EOS700D数码相机连接到紫外线室,用于获取叶片的图像。在可见光下拍摄的照片用于从背景中减去叶片形状。将ImageJ软件用于计算a)所施用的喷雾对喷雾叶的覆盖百分比或b)移液滴的扩散面积,以mm2为单位。
方法5:杀真菌剂温室试验
将种子放入塑料盆中的“泥炭土T”,用土壤覆盖,在温室中在最佳生长条件下培养。在播种后两至三周,在一至二叶期处理试验植物。配制不同浓度的试验杀真菌剂制剂,并以不同的水施用率喷于植物的表面上:标准常规施用率为200L/ha,超低容量(ULV)施用率为10L/ha。在所有施用中所使用的喷嘴类型为TeeJet TP8003E,以0.7至1.5bar和高于植物水平500至600mm高度使用。谷类以45°角度放置,因为这最能反映谷物在田间的喷雾条件。采用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)系统来实现ULV施用率,所述脉冲宽度调制(PWM)系统以30Hz,开口8%-100%(10L–200L)连接在喷嘴和履带式喷雾器装置上。
在保护性处理中,在喷雾施用后1天用相应的病害接种试验植株,在最佳生长条件下在温室中放置1至2周。然后,目测评估杀真菌剂制剂的活性。
在治疗性条件下,首先用病害接种植物,2天后用杀真菌剂制剂处理。在施用制剂5天后进行疾病的目测评估。
接种的方法是本领域技术人员众所周知的。
下表显示了试验中使用的病害和作物。
叶表面
表1a和表1b示出了水在有纹理和无纹理的叶片表面上的接触角。
表1a具有有纹理叶片的植物
表格1b具有无纹理叶片的植物
植物 | 物种 | 水的接触角°(近轴) |
苹果 | Malus Domestica | 104° |
番茄 | Solanum lycopersicum | 106° |
玉米,BBCH-15/16 | Zea mays | 108° |
玉米,BBCH-17 | Zea mays | 107° |
玉米,BBCH-18 | Zea mays | 96° |
玉米,BBCH-19 | Zea mays | 87° |
苘麻 | Abutilon theophrasti | 103° |
红根苋 | Amaranthus retroflexus | 未测量 |
无纹理的作物和植物的实例包括西红柿、辣椒、土豆、胡萝卜、芹菜、甜菜、甜菜根、菠菜、莴苣、豆类、豌豆、三叶草、苹果、梨、桃子、杏、李子、芒果、鳄梨、橄榄、柑橘、橘子、柠檬、酸橙、葡萄、无花果、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、草莓、覆盆子、蓝莓、向日葵、南瓜、大豆(≥GS 16(BBCH 16))、玉米(≥GS 15(BBCH 15))、棉花。
有纹理的作物和植物的实例包括大蒜、洋葱、韭菜、大豆(≤GS 16(BBCH 16))、燕麦、小麦、大麦、水稻、甘蔗、菠萝、香蕉、亚麻仁、百合、兰花、玉米(≤GS 15(BBCH 15))、卷心菜、球芽甘蓝、西兰花、花椰菜、黑麦、油菜、郁金香和花生。
材料
表2a:优选的有机硅氧烷化合物(b)的示例性商品名和CAS编号
表2b:优选的化合物(c)的示例性商品名和CAS-编号
实施例1Isoflucypram 50 SC
表3:配方1和2
所用制备方法参考方法1。
结果
温室
功效数据
表4:PUCCRT 2(ISY 50 SC)的生物学功效
方法5:小麦,接种前1天保护,10DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方2显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha喷雾量下的功效。此外,配方2在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下的功效均高于不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方1。
表5:PYRNTE 2(ISY 50 SC)的生物学功效
方法5:大麦,接种前1天保护,10DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方2显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha喷雾量下的功效。此外,配方2在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下的功效均高于不含有有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方1。
实施例3:Isoflucypram 50 SC
表8:配方5和6
所用的制备方法参考方法1。
扩散性——在叶片上的移液扩散试验
按照方法4(b)(2uL)测定叶片沉积物尺寸
表9:在无纹理的苹果叶片和有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上的喷雾稀释的液滴大小和剂量
配方以0.5/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方6显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的沉积物尺寸明显大于200L/ha喷雾量下的沉积物尺寸,与对比配方5相比也是如此。
实施例4:杀真菌剂TFS 100 SC
表11:
所用的制备方法参照方法1。
结果
叶片上的喷雾覆盖范围试验
根据方法4测定叶片覆盖范围。
表12:在无纹理叶片上的喷雾沉积物覆盖范围和剂量
配方以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,在无纹理叶片上,覆盖范围通常在较高的施水量下更高。
表13:在有纹理叶片上的喷雾沉积物覆盖范围和剂量
配方以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方8显示在10L/ha喷雾体积下比200L/ha和500L/ha喷雾体积下的覆盖范围更大,与对比配方7相比也是如此。
实施例6:PTZ 20 SC
表16:配方15和16。
所用的制备方法参照方法1。
温室
表17:对PUCCRT的生物学功效
方法5:小麦,1天保护,9DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明示例性配方16显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha。此外,配方16在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方15表现出更高的功效。
表18:对PUCCRT的生物学功效
方法5:小麦,1天保护,9DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方16显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha。此外,配方16在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方15表现出更高的功效。
表19:对PHAKPA的生物学功效
方法5:大豆,1天保护,感染后7天进行评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方16显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha。
表20:对PHAKPA的生物学功效
方法:大豆,2天治疗,感染后7天进行评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方16显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效优于200L/ha。此外,配方16在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方表现出更高的功效。
表21:有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的剂量率
有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的浓度在10L/ha喷雾量下比200L/ha具有更高的性能。
实施例7:TBZ20 SC
表23:配方17和18
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
温室
表24:对PHAKPA的生物学功效
方法:大豆,1天保护,7DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方18显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha。此外,配方18在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方表现出更高的功效。
表25:对PHAKPA的生物学功效
方法5:大豆,1天保护,7DAT(处理后天数)后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方18显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha。此外,配方18在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方17表现出更高的功效。
实施例8:联苯吡菌胺20SC
表26:配方19和20。
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
温室
表27:对ERYSGH的生物学功效
方法5:大麦,1天保护,7DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方20显示在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方19表现出更高的功效。
表28:对PUCCRT的生物学功效
方法5:大麦,1天保护,12DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方20显示在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方19表现出更高的功效。
表29:对PUCCRT的生物学功效
方法5:大麦,1天保护,12DAT后评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方20显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的功效高于200L/ha。此外,配方20在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方19表现出更高的功效。
实施例9:Fluoxapiprolin 5 SC
表30:配方21和22
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
温室
表31:对PHYTIN的生物学功效
方法5:番茄,1天预防,感染后7天评估。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方22显示在200L/ha和10L/ha喷雾量下均比不含有机硅氧烷超扩散剂的对比配方21表现出更高的功效。
实施例10:Fluoxapiprolin 50 SC
表32:配方23和24
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
在叶片上的移液扩散试验
通过方法4(b)使用2μL沉积物测定叶片沉积物尺寸。
表33:在无纹理的苹果叶片和有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上的喷雾稀释液液滴大小和剂量
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方24显示在10L/ha喷雾量下的沉积尺寸大于200L/ha喷雾量下的沉积尺寸,并且与对比配方23相比也是如此。在有纹理和无纹理的叶片表面都观察到这种效应。
实施例11:Inpyrfluxam 25 SC
表34:配方25和26
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
在叶片上的移液扩散试验
通过方法4(b)使用2μL沉积物测定叶片沉积物尺寸。
表35:在无纹理的苹果叶片和有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上的喷雾稀释液液滴大小和剂量
制剂以1L/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方26显示在10L/ha喷雾量下比在200L/ha和800L/ha下表现出更大的沉积尺寸,在所有喷雾量下与对比配方25相比亦是如此。
实施例12:氟吡菌胺100 SC
表36:配方27和28
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
在叶片上的移液扩散试验
通过方法4(b)使用2μL沉积物测定叶片沉积物尺寸。
表37:在无纹理的苹果叶片和有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上的喷雾稀释液液滴尺寸和剂量
制剂以1.0L/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方28显示在10L/ha喷雾量下比200L/ha具有显著更大的沉积物尺寸,并且与对比配方27相比也是如此。在有纹理叶片表面的效果更明显。
实施例13:氟吡菌酰胺200SC
表39:配方29和30
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
在叶片上的移液扩散试验
通过方法4(b)使用2μL沉积物测定叶片沉积物尺寸。
表40:在无纹理的苹果叶片和有纹理的大豆和水稻叶片上的喷雾稀释液液滴尺寸和剂量
制剂以0.5L/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方30显示在10L/ha喷雾量下比200L/ha具有显著更大的沉积物尺寸,与对比配方29相比也是如此。在有纹理叶片表面的效果更明显。
实施例15:PHC 625 SL
表48:配方35和36
所使用的制备方法参照方法1。
在叶片上的移液扩散试验
通过覆盖方法4测定叶面沉积物尺寸。
表49:在无纹理叶片上的喷雾稀释液液滴尺寸和剂量
制剂以1L/ha施用。
结果表明,在无纹理叶片上,在两种施水量下的覆盖范围是相似的。
表50:在有纹理叶片上的喷雾稀释液滴尺寸和剂量。
制剂以1L/ha施用。
结果表明,本发明的示例性配方36显示在10L/ha喷雾量下比200L/ha具有更大的覆盖范围和更大的沉积尺寸,并且与对比配方35相比也是如此。
Claims (16)
1.农业化学制剂,其包含:
a)一种或多种活性成分,其选自农业化学上施用的杀真菌剂,
b)一种或多种有机硅氧烷基表面活性剂,
c)一种或多种其他助剂,以及
d)补足至容积的水,
其中b)的存在量为5至250g/l。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农业化学制剂,其中b)为聚环氧烷改性的七甲基三硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的农业化学制剂,其中a)的存在量为5至500g/l,优选为10至300g/l,最优选为20至200g/l。
4.根据权利要求1至3中一项或多项所述的农业化学制剂,其中所述杀真菌剂选自肟菌酯(trifloxistrobin)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、isoflucypram、inpyrfluxam、fluoxapiproline、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、sprioxamin和霜霉威(propamocarb)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中一项或多项所述的农业化学制剂,其中b)的存在量为4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项或多项所述的农业化学制剂,其中c)的存在量为4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的农业化学制剂,其中组分c)包括至少一种非离子表面活性剂和/或离子表面活性剂。
8.根据权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的农业化学制剂,其中组分c)包括至少一种非离子表面活性剂和/或离子表面活性剂(c1)、流变改性剂(C2)、消泡剂(c3)以及其他助剂(c4)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的农业化学制剂,其中
(c1)的存在量为4至250g/l,优选为8至120g/l,最优选为10至80g/l,并且
(c2)的存在量为0至60g/l,优选为1至20g/l,最优选为2至10g/l,
(c3)的存在量为0至30g/l,优选为0.5至20g/l,最优选为1至12g/l,
(c4)的存在量为0至200g/l,优选为5至150g/l,最优选为10至120g/l,
(c5)的存在量为0至200g/l,优选为0.1至120g/l,最优选为0.5至80g/l。
10.根据权利要求1至9中一项或多项所述的农业化学制剂,其中所述制剂以1至20L/ha,优选为2至15L/ha,更优选为5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用。
11.将根据权利要求1至9中一项或多项所述的农业化学组合物施用于作物上的方法,其中将所述制剂以1至20L/ha,优选为2至15L/ha,更优选为5至15L/ha的喷雾量施用。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中a)对作物的施用量为2至150g/ha,优选为5至120g/ha,更优选为20至100g/ha。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其中所述有机硅氧烷表面活性剂b)优选以10g/ha至100g/ha,更优选为20g/ha至80g/ha,最优选为40g/ha至60g/ha的量施用。
14.根据权利要求11至13中一项或多项所述的方法,其中将所述制剂施用于具有有纹理的叶片表面的植物或作物。
15.根据权利要求1至10中一项或多项所述的农业化学组合物在施用农业化学化合物用于防治有害真菌中的用途,其中所述组合物通过UAV、UGV、PWM施用。
16.防治有害真菌的方法,包括将有效量的根据权利要求1至10中一项或多项所述的制剂与有害真菌、其生境、其宿主如植物和种子、其生长或可以生长的土壤、区域和环境进行接触,以及与待保护的免于被对植物有害的真菌侵袭或感染的材料、植物、种子、土壤、表面或空间进行接触,其特征在于,所述组合物通过UAV、UGV、PWM施用。
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