TW202024307A - 含磷矽阻燃劑、其製備方法、阻燃樹脂組合物、預浸料和覆金屬箔層壓板 - Google Patents
含磷矽阻燃劑、其製備方法、阻燃樹脂組合物、預浸料和覆金屬箔層壓板 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202024307A TW202024307A TW108119336A TW108119336A TW202024307A TW 202024307 A TW202024307 A TW 202024307A TW 108119336 A TW108119336 A TW 108119336A TW 108119336 A TW108119336 A TW 108119336A TW 202024307 A TW202024307 A TW 202024307A
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- Prior art keywords
- flame retardant
- tert
- peroxide
- phosphorus
- butyl
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- -1 p-dihydroxyphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(CC)OOC(C)(C)C HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XRXANEMIFVRKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-methylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OO XRXANEMIFVRKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GBUOXFYNWITPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O GBUOXFYNWITPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KUVTXOLSUBBXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane;2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O.CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C KUVTXOLSUBBXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BIISIZOQPWZPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BIISIZOQPWZPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本發明提供一種含磷矽阻燃劑、其製備方法、阻燃樹脂組合物、預浸料和覆金屬箔層壓板。本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑具有式(I)所示的結構,可以同時起到固化劑和無鹵阻燃劑的功效,在較低的磷含量下可達到UL94 V-0的阻燃效果。
Description
本發明涉及阻燃劑技術領域,特別涉及一種具有反應性的含磷矽阻燃劑、其製備方法和應用。
隨著合成材料工業的發展和應用領域的不斷拓展,阻燃劑在化學建材、電子電器、交通運輸、航太航空、日用傢俱、室內裝飾、衣食住行等各個領域中具有廣闊的市場前景。
有機磷系阻燃劑是一種阻燃性能較好的阻燃劑,可代替鹵化系阻燃劑,是一種對環境友好的阻燃劑。其中,以9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物(簡稱DOPO)、1,8-二萘基-1,3,2-二氧雜環磷化氫(簡稱NDPO)、9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜蒽-10-氧化物(簡稱DPPO)、10-(2,5-二羥基苯基)-10H-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物(簡稱DOPO-HQ)、二苯基蒽醌氧化膦(簡稱DPPQ)為代表的含磷阻燃劑,因其良好的阻燃性能被廣泛用作環氧樹脂阻燃劑。有機矽阻燃劑是一種新型高效、低毒、防熔滴、環境友好的無鹵阻燃劑,也是一種成炭型抑煙劑。有機矽阻燃劑在賦予基材優異的阻燃性能之外,還能改善基材的加工性能、耐熱性能等。因此,作為阻燃劑的後起之秀,從20世紀80年代開始得到迅速發展。
在覆銅板技術領域中,目前採用的阻燃劑主要是含溴體系和無鹵含磷體系,一般含溴體系配方中溴含量需達到15%以上阻燃性能方能達到V-0水準,高的溴含量降低了體系的耐熱性和產生溴化氫氣體。此外,近年來在含溴、氯等鹵素的電子電氣設備廢棄物的燃燒產物中已檢測出二噁英、二苯并呋喃等致癌物質,因此溴化環氧樹脂的應用受到限制。為降低體系中的溴含量,可加入具有阻燃效果的特殊結構樹脂,但成本大幅度增加。對於無鹵含磷體系而言,磷含量至少要達到2.5%阻燃才能達到V-0。由於添加大量的含磷樹脂,材料的脆性大,加工性不良,並且含磷樹脂的價格高,產品成本高居不下。
發明人經研究發現,將特殊的有機磷與有機矽通過苯(二)矽醚結構(或萘(二)矽醚結構)構築在同一分子的主鏈上,獲得的反應型含磷矽阻燃劑能夠克服單一阻燃劑的缺點,且能獲得遠優於兩種阻燃劑的簡單複配的技術效果,從而完成了本發明。
具體而言,本發明可以通過以下技術方案實施。
本發明的一個方面提供一種含磷矽阻燃劑,其具有式(I)所示的結構:(I)
其中,
R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
各自獨立地為C6-C18芳基、C1-C6脂族基團或C2-C6烯基;
A為(DOPO結構)、(DPO結構)、(DPPO結構)、(NDPO結構)中的任一種;
B為、、中的任一種。
在某些實施方案中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
各自獨立地為苯基、C1-C5烷基或乙烯基。
本發明的另一方面提供一種製備上述含磷矽阻燃劑的方法,所述方法包括:
使有機磷化合物與單鹵代矽烷反應,
其中,所述有機磷化合物具有以下結構中的任一種:、、、
其中Q為對二羥基苯基(簡稱HQ)或對二羥基萘基(簡稱NQ),優選、、中的任一種,
所述單鹵代矽烷具有式(II)所示的結構:(II)
其中X為鹵素,優選氯,溴或碘,最優選氯;R5、R6、R7各自獨立地為C6-C18芳基、C1-C6脂族基團或C2-C6烯基,條件是R5、R6、R7中至少一個含有乙烯基,
所述有機磷化合物與單鹵代矽烷的反應優選在催化劑存在下進行。
在某些實施方案中,所述單鹵代矽烷與所述有機磷化合物的莫耳數之比大於等於2;
在某些實施方案中,所述催化劑選自三乙胺、吡啶、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、無水碳酸鈉、無水碳酸鉀、甲醇鈉,更優選地,所述催化劑為三乙胺;
在某些實施方案中,所述催化劑用量為有機磷化合物莫耳數的2~4倍,更優為2.2~3倍;
在某些實施方案中,單鹵代矽烷與有機磷化合物的反應在溶劑體系中進行,所述溶劑體系選自二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);優選地,以DMAc作為溶劑時,反應體系濃度為15%~30%;以DMAc為溶劑時,反應體系濃度為18~25%;
在某些實施方案中,反應溫度為0~60℃,更優選常溫至60℃;
在某些實施方案中,反應時間為5~24小時,更優選10~15小時;
在某些實施方案中,反應在保護性氣體存在下進行,優選的保護性氣體為氮氣。
在某些實施方案中,所述方法還包括反應後的後處理步驟,所述後處理包括過濾和任選的蒸除低沸物,還包括隨後的洗滌和乾燥;
優選地,所述洗滌所用的試劑選自醇類溶劑、酯類溶劑和去離子水,更優去離子水。
本發明的另一方面提供一種阻燃樹脂組合物,所述阻燃樹脂組合物包含熱固性樹脂、如上所述的含磷矽阻燃劑,以及任選的引發劑和任選的填料。
在某些實施方案中,所述含磷矽阻燃劑占所述阻燃樹脂組合物總重量的1~30%,優選5~20%。
在某些實施方案中,所述阻燃樹脂組合物中磷的重量含量小於2.5%,更優選小於1%。
在某些實施方案中,所述熱固性樹脂為帶雙鍵的樹脂。
在某些實施方案中,帶雙鍵的樹脂可以選自聚烯烴樹脂、帶有雙鍵的有機矽樹脂、帶有雙鍵的聚苯醚樹脂或雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂。
在某些實施方案中,聚烯烴樹脂可以選自苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、聚丁二烯或苯乙烯-丁二烯-二乙烯苯共聚物中的一種或多種,例如Samtomer的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物R-100、日本曹達的聚丁二烯B-1000或Samtomer的苯乙烯-丁二烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物R250。
在某些實施方案中,帶有雙鍵的聚苯醚樹脂可以選自端基為甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚苯醚(例如Sabic的SA9000)、端基為乙烯基苄基的聚苯醚。
在某些實施方案中,帶有雙鍵的有機矽樹脂可以選自帶有乙烯基的矽樹脂,例如,雙端乙烯基矽樹脂和特殊結構乙烯基樹脂並且乙烯基含量需≥0.5%,雙端乙烯基矽樹脂選自潤禾化工RH-Vi1323、RH-Vi1324、RH-Vi1325、RH-Vi321、RH-Vi322;特殊結構乙烯基矽樹脂選自RH-Vi306、RH-Vi306B、RH-Vi306B、RH-Vi315。
在某些實施方案中,雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂可以選自4,4’-二苯甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯醚雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯異丙基雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯碸雙馬來醯亞胺中的一種或幾種。
在某些實施方案中,以阻燃樹脂組合物中有機固形物總量為100重量份計,熱固性樹脂的含量可以為30~99重量份,優選30~70重量份。
在某些實施方案中,引發劑為自由基引發劑。優選地,自由基引發劑可以選自有機過氧化物引發劑;更優選地,有機過氧化物引發劑可以選自二叔丁基過氧化物、過氧化二月桂醯、過氧化二苯甲醯、過氧化新癸酸異丙苯酯、過氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、過氧化特戊酸特戊酯、過氧化特戊酸叔丁酯、叔丁基過氧化異丁酸酯、叔丁基過氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、過氧化乙酸叔丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化-3,5,5-三甲基環己烷、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化環己烷、2,2-二(叔丁基過氧化)丁烷、雙(4-叔丁基環己基)過氧化二碳酸酯、過氧化二碳酸酯十六酯、過氧化二碳酸酯十四酯、二特戊己過氧化物、二異丙苯過氧化物、雙(叔丁基過氧化異丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧化己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧化己炔、二異丙苯過氧化氫、異丙苯過氧化氫、特戊基過氧化氫、叔丁基過氧化氫、叔丁基過氧化異丙苯、二異丙苯過氧化氫、過氧化碳酸酯-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、叔丁基過氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、4,4-二(叔丁基過氧化)戊酸正丁酯、過氧化甲乙酮或過氧化環己烷中的任意一種。
在某些實施方案中,填料為無機填料。無機填料可以選自氫氧化鋁、勃姆石、二氧化矽、滑石粉、雲母、硫酸鋇、立德粉、碳酸鈣、矽灰石、高嶺土、水鎂石、矽藻土、膨潤土、三氧化二鋁、氮化硼或浮石粉中的任意一種或者至少兩種的混合物。
在某些實施方案中,以阻燃樹脂組合物總量為100重量份計,填料的含量可以為0-50重量份,優選0-30重量份。
在某些實施方案中,阻燃樹脂組合物還可以含有共固化劑,即,與本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑一起用作固化劑的反應性單體或聚合物。在一個實施方案中,這樣的反應性單體或聚合物能與樹脂組合物中的聚合物或含磷矽阻燃劑共反應。可適合作為共固化劑的示例性單體包括二-、三-或更高級的烯屬不飽和單體,如苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯甲苯、二乙烯基苯、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯和多官能丙烯酸酯單體等,它們全都可由市場上購得。
本發明的另一方面提供一種預浸料,所述預浸料包括基材及通過浸漬或塗覆而附著於基材上的如上所述的阻燃樹脂組合物。
在某些實施方案中,所述基材為纖維布,優選玻璃纖維布。玻璃纖維布的材料可以是無機纖維(例如E玻璃、D玻璃、L玻璃、M玻璃、S玻璃、T玻璃、NE玻璃、石英等玻璃纖維)或有機纖維(例如聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺、聚酯、聚苯醚、液晶聚合物等)。
在某些實施方案中,所述預浸料是由半固化狀態的樹脂組合物和基材形成。預浸料的形成過程可以為:清漆狀態的樹脂組合物浸潤基材,經過加熱使溶劑揮發並轉變為半固化狀態。
本發明的另一方面還提供一種覆金屬箔層壓板,所述覆金屬箔層壓板包括至少一張如上所述的預浸料及覆於預浸料一側或兩側的金屬箔。
在某些實施方案中,金屬箔包括銅箔。
本發明具有以下技術效果中的至少一種:
(1)將DOPO、DPO、DPPO、NDPO結構與含乙烯基的矽烷結構通過苯(二)矽醚或萘(二)矽醚的對稱結構構築在同一分子的主鏈上,能在較低的磷含量下實現UL94 V-0,不僅改善了含磷化合物脆、耐濕熱性差等缺點,而且阻燃劑主鏈結構中含有有機矽鏈段,具有良好的工藝加工性。
(2)本發明的阻燃劑為反應型阻燃劑,具有反應性的乙烯基基團,可以作為含不飽和反應基團的樹脂體系的固化劑。與含不飽和反應基團的樹脂固化後,不會降低體系的Tg,介電性能也優異,並且不會在後期使用過程中遷移析出而影響使用性能。
(3)本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑在使用時,在高溫下,磷化合物會形成聚磷酸,是強脫水劑,催化促成炭的形成,而矽元素由於表面能低而遷移到表面與碳化層形成SiC類陶瓷層,進一步增加這些炭層的熱穩定性,從而發揮磷/矽協同阻燃效果。
(4)與具有磷酸酯結構的阻燃劑相比,本發明的阻燃劑的主鏈含有苯矽醚結構或萘矽醚結構,具有更優的阻燃效率,由此樹脂組合物及其製作的覆銅板具有優異的耐熱性、低的吸水率和阻燃性。
下面以具體實施例的方式進一步描述本發明,但本發明的實施方式不限於這些實施例。
製備例1
將100 g DOPO-HQ和400 g二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)於裝有攪拌器、冷凝回流管、溫度計的四口燒瓶中攪拌20~30min,同時通入氮氣,待其充分溶解後,一次性加入二甲基乙烯基氯矽烷75 g,並緩慢滴加三乙胺催化劑,在常溫下控制80 g三乙胺於1h左右滴完,然後升溫至50℃反應12h左右,然後過濾、水洗、乾燥,得到產物150 g,通過GPC測試其Mn=495,其阻燃劑中P含量:6.3%,Si含量:11.4%。記為PSi1。
圖1顯示了所製備的含磷矽阻燃劑搭配引發劑過氧化二異丙苯(DCP)時的DSC反應曲線,圖2顯示了聚苯醚樹脂SA9000搭配該含磷矽阻燃劑和引發劑DCP時的DSC反應曲線。從圖1的DSC反應曲線可以看出:含磷矽阻燃劑在155℃左右開始反應,在203℃時達到反應峰值,說明含磷矽阻燃劑具有很強的反應性。在含磷矽阻燃劑搭配SA9000時,如圖2的DSC反應曲線所示,具有強烈反應峰,說明含磷矽阻燃劑與其他含雙鍵的樹脂能形成交聯網絡,在產品運用過程防止析出的風險。
製備例2
將100 g DPO-NQ和420 gDMAc於裝有攪拌器、冷凝回流管、溫度計的四口燒瓶中攪拌20~30min,同時通入氮氣,待其充分溶解後,一次性加入二苯基乙烯基氯矽烷84 g,並緩慢滴加三乙胺催化劑,在常溫下控制80 g三乙胺於1h左右滴完,然後升溫至50℃反應12h左右,然後過濾、水洗、乾燥,得到產物162 g,通過GPC測試其Mn=561,其阻燃劑中P含量:6.4%,Si含量:12.7%。記為PSi2。
實施例1
將5重量份的含磷矽阻燃劑PSi1、59.8重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000和32.2重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化苯甲醯(BPO),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.315%,Si含量:0.57%,其板材性能測試結果示於表1。
實施例2
將10重量份的含磷矽阻燃劑PSi1、87重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.63%,Si含量:1.14%,性能測試結果示於表1。
實施例3
將15重量份的含磷矽阻燃劑PSi1、53.3重量份的日本曹達聚丁二烯B-1000和28.7重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.95%,Si含量:1.71%,性能測試結果示於表1。
實施例4
將5重量份的含磷矽阻燃劑PSi2、59.8重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000和32.2重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化苯甲醯(BPO),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.315%,Si含量:0.57%,其板材性能測試結果示於表1。
實施例5
將10重量份的含磷矽阻燃劑PSi2、87重量份的日本曹達聚丁二烯B-1000溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.63%,Si含量:1.14%,性能測試結果示於表1。
對比例1
60重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000和37重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯酸(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化苯甲醯(BPO),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0%,Si含量:0%,其板材性能測試結果示於表1。
對比例2
將5重量份日本三菱化學的磷腈阻燃劑SPB-100、92重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.67%,Si含量:0%,性能測試結果示於表1。
對比例3
將15重量份日本三菱化學的磷腈阻燃劑SPB-100、53.3重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000和28.7重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:2.01%,Si含量:0%,性能測試結果示於表1。
對比例4
為了進一步說明阻燃效果,採用複配實驗,本對比例採用潤禾化工雙端乙烯基矽樹脂RH-Vi1325引入Si元素,採用SPB-100引入磷元素;將4.7重量份日本三菱化學的磷腈阻燃劑SPB-100、2.73重量份的矽樹脂、58.2重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000和31.3重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0.63%,Si含量:1.14%,性能測試結果示於表1。
對比例5
將20重量份美國雅寶含溴阻燃劑BT-93W、53.3重量份的甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂SA9000和28.7重量份的三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)溶解於甲苯溶劑中,並調節至合適的黏度,再加入3重量份的過氧化二異丙苯(DCP),攪拌均勻後採用上海宏和的2116布進行上膠,在150℃下烘烤3min後的黏接片備用,並6張黏接片疊置,兩面覆上銅箔,在200℃下固化120min,板材平整,固化物中的P含量:0%,Si含量:0%,Br含量:13.2%,性能測試結果示於表1。
表1
表1(續)
實施例1 | 實施例2 | 實施例3 | 實施例4 | 實施例5 | |
PSi1 | 5 | 10 | 15 | ||
PSi2 | 5 | 10 | |||
聚丁二烯B-1000 | 53.3 | 87 | |||
SA9000 | 59.8 | 87 | 0 | 59.8 | 0 |
TAIC | 32.2 | 0 | 28.7 | 32.2 | 0 |
DCP | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
BPO | 3 | 3 | |||
組合物P含量% | 0.315 | 0.63 | 0.95 | 0.329 | 0.67 |
組合物Si含量% | 0.57 | 1.14 | 1.71 | 0.59 | 1.21 |
Tg(DMA)/℃ | 225 | 224 | 225 | 227 | 218 |
Dk(10GHz) | 3.52 | 3.54 | 3.51 | 3.53 | 3.52 |
Df(10GHz) | 0.0061 | 0.0063 | 0.0062 | 0.0061 | 0.0063 |
吸水性/% | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.075 | 0.081 |
PCT/2h | OXO | OOO | OOO | OOO | OOO |
T288/min | >60 | >60 | >60 | >60 | >60 |
燃燒總時間/s | 95 | 44 | 24 | 76 | 43 |
UL等級 | V-1 | V-0 | V-0 | V-1 | V-0 |
對比例1 | 對比例2 | 對比例3 | 對比例4 | 對比例5 | |
雙端乙烯基矽樹脂RH-Vi1325 | 2.73 | ||||
SPB100 | 5 | 15 | 4.7 | ||
BT-93W | 20 | ||||
SA9000 | 60 | 92 | 56.5 | 53.3 | 50.1 |
TAIC | 37 | 0 | 30.5 | 28.7 | 26.9 |
DCP | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
組合物P含量% | 0.67% | 2.01% | 0.63% | ||
組合物Si含量% | 1.14 | ||||
組合物Br含量% | 13.2% | ||||
Tg(DMA)/℃ | 229 | 219 | 197 | 218 | 220 |
Dk(10GHz) | 3.58 | 3.52 | 3.55 | 3.53 | 3.60 |
Df(10GHz) | 0.0058 | 0.0061 | 0.0066 | 0.0062 | 0.0069 |
吸水性/% | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.011 | 0.12 |
PCT/2h | OXX | XOO | XOX | OXO | XOO |
T288/min | >60 | >60 | >60 | >60 | >60 |
5條樣燃燒總時間/s | 燒至夾具 | 175 | 48 | 86 | 49 |
UL等級 | V-2 | V-2 | V-0 | V-1 | V-0 |
實施例和對比例中所有的原材料具體如下:
SA9000:Sabic,甲基丙烯酸酯基聚苯醚樹脂;
TAIC:百靈威科技有限公司,三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯酸;
DCP:阿拉丁,過氧化二異丙苯;
BPO:阿拉丁,過氧化苯甲醯;
RH-Vi1325:潤禾化工,雙端乙烯基矽樹脂;
BT-93W:美國雅寶,乙撐雙四溴鄰苯二甲醯亞胺,溴含量66%;
SPB100:日本三菱化學,磷腈類阻燃劑,磷含量13.4%;
聚丁二烯B-1000:日本曹達,聚丁二烯。
表1中組合物特性的測試方法如下:
(1)玻璃化轉變溫度(Tg):使用DMA測試,按照IPC-TM-650 2.4.24所規定的DMA測試方法進行測定。
(2)介電常數(Dk)和介電損耗因數(Df):按照SPDR方法測試。
(3)耐濕熱性(PCT)評價:將覆銅板表面的銅箔蝕刻後,評價基板;將基板放置壓力鍋中,在120℃、105KPa條件下處理2小時後,浸漬在288℃的錫爐中,當基板分層爆板時記錄相應時間;當基板在錫爐中超過5min還沒出現起泡或分層時即可結束評價。×為分層爆板,O為不分層爆板。一塊板材同時製備3個樣品,兩個樣品不分層爆板時通過測試。
(4)T288:用TMA儀,按照IPC-TM-650 2.4.24.1所規定的T288測試方法進行測定。
(5)吸水性:按照IPC-TM-650 2.6.2.1所規定的吸水性測試方法進行測定。
(6)阻燃性:按照UL 94標準方法進行。
如上表所示,實施例1~3為添加不同份數的含磷矽阻燃劑PSi1後,隨著板材中磷含量和矽含量的增加,阻燃性變得優異。PSi2阻燃劑的表現與PSi1一致,特別加到10份的情況下即可實現V-0,而此時的磷含量才0.63%,矽含量1.14%。
另外,本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑具有良好的綜合性能。由於含磷矽阻燃劑的矽乙烯基具有反應性,加入後與主體樹脂形成一個三維整體(可從DSC反應曲線圖的明顯放熱峰看出),所以不會降低體系的Tg,並且介電性能也非常優異,而且耐濕熱性能(高壓蒸煮後再288℃浸錫5min)非常好。
對比例1為不加阻燃劑的板材,燃燒至夾具,可見其阻燃性差;而對於目前的含不飽和反應基團的樹脂體系使用最多的是含磷或者含溴的添加型阻燃劑,如對比例2和對比例3,採用日本三菱化學的磷腈阻燃劑SPB-100情況下,對比例2中添加份數少的情況下,阻燃性太差,而對比例3在添加15份情況下,磷含量達到2.0%時,阻燃性基本達到了V-0,但是由於SPB-100這種小分子無機物,沒有反應到固化物三維結構中,所以會惡化板材Tg,並且PCT方面,有部分沒有通過2h測試。對比例5中採用美國雅寶含溴阻燃劑BT-93W,在添加到20份的情況下雖然對Tg沒有影響但只能接近V-0水準。對比例4通過帶乙烯基的矽樹脂引入矽元素,通過SPB-100引入磷元素,進行複配考察,並且對比例4與實施例2中的磷含量與矽含量相同,實施例2的總燃燒時間為44秒,為V-0等級,對比例4的總燃燒時間為86秒,為V-1等級,可知與本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑相比,複配的阻燃效果明顯較差。
由此可見,本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑綜合性能優於磷與矽複配體系,也優於單獨使用磷阻燃或溴阻燃的體系,特別是在阻燃性和耐熱性方面,本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑均是表現最好的。本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑可以發揮磷/矽協同阻燃效果,其機理可能如下:高溫下,含矽化合物的表面張力較小,趨向於遷移到材料表面,發生氧化分解等生成SiO2
,同時磷化合物促進脫水碳化,而矽則能與碳化層形成類陶瓷(SiC)結構,加固及保護炭層,從而發揮協同阻燃作用。另外,本發明的帶有反應性乙烯基的阻燃劑還能防止長期使用過程析出的風險。
以上僅為本發明的部分實施例,對於本領域的普通技術人員來說,可以根據本發明的技術方案和技術構思做出其他各種相應的改變和變形,而所有這些改變和變形都應屬於本發明權利要求的範圍。
圖1顯示了本發明的含磷矽阻燃劑搭配引發劑時的反應曲線。
圖2顯示了聚苯醚樹脂搭配含磷矽阻燃劑和引發劑時的反應曲線。
Claims (10)
- 如請求項1所述的含磷矽阻燃劑,其中,R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 各自獨立地為苯基、C1-C5烷基或乙烯基。
- 如請求項3所述的方法,其中,所述單鹵代矽烷與所述有機磷化合物的莫耳數之比大於等於2; 優選地,所述催化劑選自三乙胺、吡啶、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、無水碳酸鈉、無水碳酸鉀、甲醇鈉,更優選地,所述催化劑為三乙胺; 優選地,所述催化劑用量為有機磷化合物莫耳數的2~4倍,更優為2.2~3倍; 優選地,單鹵代矽烷與有機磷化合物的反應在溶劑體系中進行,所述溶劑體系選自二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);優選地,以DMAc作為溶劑時,反應體系濃度為15%~30%;以DMAc為溶劑時,反應體系濃度為18~25%; 優選地,反應溫度為0~60℃,更優選常溫至60℃; 優選地,反應時間為5~24小時,更優選10~15小時; 優選地,反應在保護性氣體存在下進行,優選的保護性氣體為氮氣。
- 如請求項3或4所述的方法,其中,所述方法還包括反應後的後處理步驟,所述後處理包括過濾和任選的蒸除低沸物,還包括隨後的洗滌和乾燥; 優選地,所述洗滌所用的試劑選自醇類溶劑、酯類溶劑和去離子水,更優去離子水。
- 一種阻燃樹脂組合物,其特徵在於,所述阻燃樹脂組合物包含熱固性樹脂、如請求項1或2所述的含磷矽阻燃劑,以及任選的引發劑和任選的填料。
- 如請求項6所述的阻燃樹脂組合物,其中,所述含磷矽阻燃劑占所述阻燃樹脂組合物總重量的1~35%,優選5~20%; 優選地,所述阻燃樹脂組合物中磷的重量含量小於2.5%,更優選小於1%。
- 如請求項6或7所述的阻燃樹脂組合物,其中, 所述熱固性樹脂為帶雙鍵的樹脂,優選選自聚烯烴樹脂、帶有雙鍵的有機矽樹脂、帶有雙鍵的聚苯醚樹脂或雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂;更優選地,聚烯烴樹脂選自苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、聚丁二烯或苯乙烯-丁二烯-二乙烯苯共聚物中的一種或多種;帶有雙鍵的聚苯醚樹脂選自端基為甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚苯醚、端基為乙烯基苄基的聚苯醚;帶有雙鍵的有機矽樹脂選自帶有乙烯基的矽樹脂;雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂選自4,4’-二苯甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯醚雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯異丙基雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯碸雙馬來醯亞胺中的一種或幾種; 所述引發劑為自由基引發劑,優選所述自由基引發劑選自有機過氧化物引發劑;更優選所述有機過氧化物引發劑選自二叔丁基過氧化物、過氧化二月桂醯、過氧化二苯甲醯、過氧化新癸酸異丙苯酯、過氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、過氧化特戊酸特戊酯、過氧化特戊酸叔丁酯、叔丁基過氧化異丁酸酯、叔丁基過氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、過氧化乙酸叔丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化-3,5,5-三甲基環己烷、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化環己烷、2,2-二(叔丁基過氧化)丁烷、雙(4-叔丁基環己基)過氧化二碳酸酯、過氧化二碳酸酯十六酯、過氧化二碳酸酯十四酯、二特戊己過氧化物、二異丙苯過氧化物、雙(叔丁基過氧化異丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧化己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧化己炔、二異丙苯過氧化氫、異丙苯過氧化氫、特戊基過氧化氫、叔丁基過氧化氫、叔丁基過氧化異丙苯、二異丙苯過氧化氫、過氧化碳酸酯-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、叔丁基過氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、4,4-二(叔丁基過氧化)戊酸正丁酯、過氧化甲乙酮或過氧化環己烷中的任意一種; 所述填料為無機填料,優選選自氫氧化鋁、勃姆石、二氧化矽、滑石粉、雲母、硫酸鋇、立德粉、碳酸鈣、矽灰石、高嶺土、水鎂石、矽藻土、膨潤土、三氧化二鋁、氮化硼或浮石粉中的任意一種或者至少兩種的混合物。
- 一種預浸料,其特徵在於,所述預浸料包括基材及通過浸漬或塗覆而附著於基材上的如請求項6~8中任一項所述的阻燃樹脂組合物。
- 一種覆金屬箔層壓板,其特徵在於,所述覆金屬箔層壓板包括至少一張如請求項9所述的預浸料及覆於預浸料一側或兩側的金屬箔。
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