TW201324093A - 用以於大型可縮放處理器安裝設施內提供彈性儲存及網路連結之系統與方法 - Google Patents

用以於大型可縮放處理器安裝設施內提供彈性儲存及網路連結之系統與方法 Download PDF

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TW201324093A
TW201324093A TW101139729A TW101139729A TW201324093A TW 201324093 A TW201324093 A TW 201324093A TW 101139729 A TW101139729 A TW 101139729A TW 101139729 A TW101139729 A TW 101139729A TW 201324093 A TW201324093 A TW 201324093A
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Arnold Thomas Schnell
Richard Owen Waldorf
David James Borland
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Calxeda Inc
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Abstract

本案提供一種於一系統設計內提供來允許儲存及輸入輸出資源隨著計算資源縮放調配之系統與方法。

Description

用以於大型可縮放處理器安裝設施內提供彈性儲存及網路連結之系 統與方法 發明領域
此揭露大致涉及在一系統設計內提供來允許儲存及網路連結資源隨著計算資源縮放調配。
發明背景
伺服器系統一般提供一固定數量的選項。舉例來說，有一固定數量的快捷週邊構件互連輸入輸出(PCI Express IO)槽以及一固定數量的硬碟驅動機機架，其經常以空槽被遞送，因它們提供未來的可升級性。顧客被預期來估計未來需求並選擇會滿足現在和未來需求的一伺服器機框種類。歷史上，且特別是x86類型的伺服器，預測未來需求已是可達成的，因為從一世代到另一世代的產品改進一直在遞增。
隨著可縮放伺服器的出現，預測未來需求的能力已變得較不明顯。舉例來說，在一2U機框之內的伺服器類型，以一增量的形式安裝120個計算節點是可能的。使用此 伺服器為一資料儲存裝置時，使用者可能僅需要4個計算節點，但可能希望有80個儲存驅動機。當使用同樣的伺服器為一專注於分析的單純計算功能時，使用者可能需要120個計算節點且無儲存驅動機。可縮放伺服器的本質使其本身適於需要多種多樣的系統組態之更多種多樣的應用。當多樣化隨著時間增加，預測必定縮放的系統特徵之能力變得更加困難。
一典型的伺服器系統之一例子顯示於圖1。該傳統伺服器系統有沿著其前表面之24個硬碟驅動機所用的固定區域、以及計算子系統(也稱為主機板)所用的一固定區域、以及IO擴充(PCI槽)所用的一固定區域。此典型的伺服器系統不提供各種電腦組件之可縮放性。因此，理想的是去創造一系統和方法來縮放調配在一伺服器系統內的儲存和網路連結能力，且這也是此揭露所針對的目的。此種可縮放性的效益是適合許多使用者應用之一更加彈性的實體系統。
依據本發明之一實施例，係特地提出一種可縮放系統，包含具有一預定的實體形狀因素之一機框，該機框具有其內放置一些模組的多個槽；一個或多個能夠被容納於該機框內位於該等多個槽內的計算組件；一個或多個能夠被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的儲存組件；一個或多個能夠被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的輸入輸出(IO)組件；以及其中，被容納在該機框內的該等計算組 件、該等儲存組件和該等IO組件是基於該系統的一期望的計算能力、儲存能力和輸入/輸出能力來決定，使得在該機框內的該系統是可縮放調配的。
20‧‧‧系統
22‧‧‧位置/風扇
24‧‧‧位置/電源供應器
26‧‧‧槽
30‧‧‧計算模組
32~38‧‧‧節點
40‧‧‧單晶片系統
42‧‧‧雙行記憶體模組
44‧‧‧非依電性記憶體/NAND
46‧‧‧SATA通道
50‧‧‧儲存模組
52‧‧‧印刷電路板
54‧‧‧連接器
55‧‧‧間隙器
56‧‧‧SATA資料纜線/連接器
57‧‧‧安裝孔
60‧‧‧IO模組
62‧‧‧邊緣連接器
64‧‧‧轉譯功能
70‧‧‧混成模組
100‧‧‧模組塊/超級模組
102‧‧‧私用互連體
圖1繪示一傳統的伺服器系統，描繪沿著其前表面之24個硬碟驅動機所用的固定區域、以及計算子系統(也稱為主機板)所用的一固定區域、以及IO擴充(PCI槽)所用的一固定區域。
圖2繪示一範例性系統，有可容納一計算模組、一儲存模組、或一IO模組的多個槽。
圖3繪示一範例性計算模組。
圖4a1和4a2各為一範例性儲存模組之一側視圖和一俯視圖，此模組實現工業標準2.5吋硬碟驅動機或固態驅動機(SSD)。
圖4b繪示實現串列先進技術附接(SATA)SSD模組的一範例性儲存模組。
圖4c繪示實現mSATA SSD模組的一範例性儲存模組。
圖5繪示一範例性IO模組。
圖6繪示一範例性混成模組。
圖7繪示由藉由私用互連體而連接在一起的模組之一整合集合所組成的一模組塊(或超級模組)。
圖8a繪示範例性系統如何可被佈設特別用於不需要有本地儲存的高階計算應用之一範例。
圖8b繪示該範例性系統如何以計算和儲存一比一混合 比例可被佈設之一範例；這些例如對於Hadoop應用是有用的。
圖8c繪示該範例性系統如何可被佈設特別用於儲存應用之另一範例。
圖8d繪示一跨板槽的一範例；對於長的機框，在系統板的尺寸上已達到一實際的限制；多個中央欄的數個槽跨越多個系統板。
圖8e繪示跨板槽在有更大系統板區域的系統內的使用狀況。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
此揭露係特別適用於一2U機框，其對於個人電腦(PC)類型的伺服器來說，是最廣受喜愛的形狀因素。本文的概念適用到任何機框形狀因素，比如不同的習慣尺寸和任何非習知形狀的塔式和機架式機框。舉例來說，圖8e顯示一非習知的形狀因素，即一滑門，其依賴一伺服器機架上方和下方的機架軌條，而非如習知機架式機框所使用的左和右側軌條。該滑門方案擴展系統板的可用空間，但同時，其在系統板之間創造一新的互連問題，其應被本文的彈性提供概念解決。
電腦架構有各種的組件，且那些組件可被分類為三個種類：計算、儲存和輸入輸出(IO)，其中，該計算種類可能包括計算相關或處理器組件，儲存種類為儲存類型裝置，而IO為電腦架構的輸入/輸出組件。每一種類可再細 分，且每一種類可被定義來含有某些元件類型。舉例來說，計算可被細分成一算術邏輯單元(ALU)、快取記憶體、系統記憶體、和本地周邊設備。又舉例來說，該儲存種類可含有硬碟驅動機、固態儲存裝置、各種的工業標準形狀因素、或非標準裝置等等的元件類型。對於本揭露，組件階層(計算、儲存、IO)是以每一組件具有相同概念能被應用的維度和屬性之一理解來運用。
本揭露的系統和方法允許相同的實體空間來被任何電腦組件：計算裝置、儲存裝置、或IO裝置所使用。這在系統的組配上為不同的應用提供最大的彈性。此外，在電腦系統內支援全部三個組件的裝置，比如電源供應器和風扇，將被假定是固定的，以求所提供範例解說上的簡單性。可理解的是，這些支援裝置不一定是固定的，端視在系統設計差異之目標而定，意謂它們也可視需要調配縮放。
在此範例中，一”槽“由實體連接器和這些連接器上方一被定義的空間容積所組成。在一實施態樣中，兩個PCI Express x16連接器被使用，配合一長10吋乘高2.7吋乘寬1吋的容積。此容積是基於相關聯組件高度、一2U機框的限制、以及容納此實施態樣所需的印刷電路板(PCB)空間所驅使的一長度來選擇。可理解的，其他連接器類型可被使用，端視所需的發信號頻率和針腳的數量而定。可理解的，其他容積可被使用，端視對於其應用可接受的實體限制而定。連接器針腳的定義對於容納電腦組件的許多需求 來說是關鍵的，在電力輸送以及電氣介面的頻寬兩者上皆是。圖2描繪一所得範例系統20，其在系統內有給風扇用的一個或多個固定位置22，給電源供應器用的一個或多個固定位置24，以及給該系統的處理器、儲存或IO組件用之一個或多個槽26(此範例中有30個槽)。
一範例性計算模組30被顯示於圖3。為支持縮放的理念，計算模組30具有一個或多個節點，比如在此範例中的四個節點32-38。每一節點由一高度整合的單晶片系統(System On Chip，SOC)40、供系統記憶體用的相關聯雙行記憶體模組42(DIMM 42)、供本地儲存空間用的非依電性記憶體(反及閘NAND)44、供與儲存組件之連通性用的一個或多個習知的串列先進技術附接(SATA)通道46、以及對於該節點的一般功能來說必要的其他必要小型裝置(電氣可抹除式可規劃唯讀記憶體(EEPROM)、啟動(boot)快閃記憶體、感測器等等)所組成。該四個節點32-38有互相連接的本地IO連接器，其在一外部的IO連接失效時提供互通和冗餘性。各該節點運行一獨立作業系統，但作為另一範例，一快取記憶體同調(coherent)計算模組也是可能的，其會在每一節點上運行一作業系統之一個實例。
能被用在此系統內的儲存模組50的範例被顯示在圖4a1~2、4b和4c。圖4a1和4a2繪示一儲存模組，其妥善運用供硬碟驅動機(定義為含有儲存資料的旋轉機械式磁盤)用的、或供固態驅動機(定義為不具有可動部分並且使用積體電路做為其儲存媒體)用的現存工業標準2.5吋驅 動機形狀因素。在此範例中，使用一印刷電路板卡邊緣連接器於運用比如SATA或串列式附接SCSI(Serial Attached SCSI，SAS)的必要IO標準之電力遞送及/或資料遞送是可能的。被選擇的IO標準單純是為了基於被所實現裝置予以支援的方便。只要機械式介面可支援必要的發信號頻率，任何IO協定可透過此卡邊緣連接器予以依路由傳送。或者，直接連接用於資料傳送的IO到驅動機，則提供了系統組配上更多彈性。
在圖4a1中，一印刷電路板52被顯示，電源/資料連接器以及電壓調節器被整合於其上供連接於隨後附加的儲存裝置。該儲存模組也有一或多個連接器54，比如SATA電源連接器，以及電源纜線來連接電源從PCB電源軌到附接的儲存媒體(在此例中為SATA 2.5吋機械式轉軸硬碟驅動機)。在此範例中，這些纜線對於SATA SSD和mSATA來說是不需要的。該儲存模組也能有間隙器(stand-off)55，其安裝2.5吋SATA HDD至圖4a2中的藍色安裝孔。該儲存模組也有不傳遞電力的SATA資料纜線56。
在圖4a2中，該儲存模組具有一組SATA電源/資料連接器56，其為將一硬碟驅動機附接至PCB的另一種方法。圖4a2中的該儲存模組也能有一個或多個安裝孔57，供配合圖4a1中所示間隙器55。它們也包括用於PCB總成之標準製造的孔。
圖4b描繪實現一工業標準22支針腳SATA連接器與介面的一儲存模組，隨同機械式支撐特徵，來支撐依照 固態技術協會(JEDEC)MO-297標準的SATA SSD模組。圖4c描繪一實現一工業標準x1 PCI連接器的儲存模組，隨同機械式支撐特徵來支撐依照JEDEC MO-300標準的mSATA SSD模組。
圖4c中的範例示範了擴充超出該工業標準，來最大化一個可非常接近其相關聯計算模組之儲存模組的效益的一機會。為mSATA模組而重複使用一x1 PCI連接器留下許多未使用的針腳，因JEDEC標準需要只有一個SATA通道通過此介面。但事實上，尚有空間給五個額外的SATA通道，即使當分配針腳供進行充分接地時亦然。相對於一個有著大記憶體塊的SATA通道，這允許有多達六個而每個有著較小記憶體的SATA通道，雖然兩個情況可導致同樣的總儲存空間。多重SATA通道的優點是增加的介面頻寬，藉由平行存取記憶體的可能性所創造。鑑於作業系統可分塊跨越(stripe across)多個實體碟片以創造一單一邏輯碟片，其淨變化是在SATA介面性能上的提升。因此，有著大於一個SATA通道的mSATA模組可為碟片的IO瓶頸提供一新的解答。
該系統的一範例性IO模組60顯示於圖5。不像一會插入一習知伺服器且密切連結於(tie into)其作業系統的一種網路介面控制器(NIC；Network Interface Controller)，此IO模組60在其邊緣連接器62連接至系統的基礎架構IO，並(使用一IO轉譯電路)提供從內部IO協定至比如乙太網路之一外部IO協定的一轉譯功能64。該IO模組60獨立於任何 節點的任何特定作業系統來操作。該IO模組60可支撐一個或許多外部IO埠，並可採取適合一特定機框設計的一形狀因素。模組化的優勢允許IO模組的數量，由此系統來回於其他系統的資料橫跨遞送之頻寬需求來決定。
一範例性混成模組70被顯示於圖6，其示範了一計算模組30、儲存模組50、以及IO模組60概念的組合可被實現在一個單一模組上，其接著被合併進系統。
圖7繪示一模組塊(或超級模組)100，由藉由私用互連體102而連接在一起的多個模組70之一整合集合所組成。
由上述的計算、儲存、和IO模組概念，圖8a~e之範例性系統現在被描述。圖8a、8b和8c描繪相異的系統組態來分別處理一些基本種類的計算密集應用、Hadoop應用、以及儲存應用。當然，許多其他模組的組合可能形成特定應用所需要的配方。如所示，該模組形狀因素為求方便而被維持一致，但當需要時，它也可改變，如標示為”網路”的IO模組所顯示。這些彈性的程度允許，以機框內限定於專屬目的之非常小的容積，建立一個家族的模組，其可依據軟體應用需求而被混合以及匹配。舉例來說，圖8a顯示一具有風扇22和電源供應器24和多個計算模組30以供一計算密集系統所用的一系統20。在圖8b中，該系統20具有同樣的形狀因素和風扇和電源供應器，但槽26如圖顯示被一些計算模組30和儲存模組50的組合填滿，用於相較於圖8a中的系統需要更多儲存的一系統。圖8c繪示一具有同樣 的形狀因素和風扇和電源供應器的系統20，但槽26如圖顯示填有幾個計算模組30和更多的儲存模組50，用於相較於圖8a和8b中的系統需要比起計算能力更多儲存的一系統。
圖8d在系統20的概念上擴展，藉由考量一特別長的機框，使得系統板尺寸比PCB製造工廠允許的實際限制更大。典型的PCB面板(panel)尺寸為18吋乘24吋或24吋乘24吋，雖然大至30吋的面板也以有限的來源可得。就一典型的適合19吋寬機架之2U機框而言，18吋乘24吋的PCB面板是現今多數伺服器主機板偏好的尺寸。為擴展超過該24吋限制，必須使用板與板連接器來互連兩個總成。當高速發信號必須在兩個總成之間傳送時，比如FCI AirMax連接器之一相對高價的互連方案必須被實施。這些連接器的使用使得電氣設計因增加信號完整性考慮變得複雜，也由於這些連接器需要的容積使得機械設計變得複雜。或著，該兩個系統板根本不需要被直接連接，而是依賴一計算模組內用來於它們之間橫跨遞送(traverse)資料的IO組織結構，稱做“跨板槽(straddle slot)”。在圖8d中，左邊的系統板可基於控制的安裝點被對準，而右邊的系統板可能被設計來“浮動”在其安裝點上使得安裝的模組可控制相關聯邊緣連接器的對準。
圖8e脫離該2U機框範例採用一範例性垂直系統20，其大大擴展了可能用於系統板的區域。每一軌條上的區段稱為一“垂直機框”。黑色的虛線代表模組槽。注意成角度的槽的朝向增強了因自然對流的氣流，沒有在真正垂 直煙囪型機架設計中造成的過度熱量聚積的結果。跨板槽概念可被採用於此來避免板與板高速連接器的費用和空間需求。電源和冷卻沒被顯示，因為明顯的，外殼內的空間可視需要專屬於這些用途。
儘管前文已針對本發明的一特定實施例，熟知相關技術的人將會了解到，此實施例中能做一些改變而不背離本揭露的原則和精神，其範圍由後附申請專利範圍來定義。
20‧‧‧系統
22‧‧‧位置/風扇
24‧‧‧位置/電源供應器
26‧‧‧槽

Claims (34)

  1. 一種可縮放系統，包含：具有一預定的實體形狀因素之一機框，該機框具有其內放置一些模組的多個槽；一個或多個能夠被容納於該機框內位於該等多個槽內的計算組件；一個或多個能夠被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的儲存組件；一個或多個能夠被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的輸入輸出(IO)組件；以及其中被容納在該機框內的該等計算組件、該等儲存組件和該等IO組件是基於該系統的一期望的計算能力、儲存能力和輸入/輸出能力來決定，使得在該機框內的該系統是可縮放調配的。
  2. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，更包含在該機框內之一個或多個支援裝置，來支援容納於該機框內的其他組件。
  3. 依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之系統，其中該一個或多個支援裝置為一風扇和一電源供應器其中之一。
  4. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，其中該機框有一組實體連接器和一空間容積。
  5. 依據申請專利範圍第4項所述之系統，其中該組實體連接器為一個或多個快捷週邊構件互連(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express，PCIe)連接器。
  6. 依據申請專利範圍第5項所述之系統，其中該組實體連接器為兩個快捷週邊構件互連(PCI Express)x16連接器，且該空間容積為長10吋乘高2.7吋乘寬1吋。
  7. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，其中該機框是一2U機框和一垂直機框其中之一。
  8. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，其中每一計算組件更包含一個或多個計算節點。
  9. 依據申請專利範圍第8項所述之系統，其中每一節點具有一單晶片系統、可被該單晶片系統存取的一組系統記憶體、給該單晶片系統用的一本地儲存空間、以及連接性。
  10. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，其中每一儲存組件為2.5吋有殼的串列先進技術附接(SATA)驅動機、無殼的串列先進技術附接固態裝置(SSD，Solid state device)、和模組式串列先進技術附接(mSATA，Modular SATA)SSD其中之一。
  11. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，其中每一IO組件具有一組連接器和在一些IO協定之間轉譯的一轉譯電路。
  12. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，更包含可被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的一個或多個混成(hybrid)組件，其中每一混成組件具有該計算組件、該儲存組件和該IO組件中之一個或多個。
  13. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之系統，更包含跨越一個或多個板且接受相異組件的一跨板槽。
  14. 一種用以在固定區域內建立可縮放系統之方法，該方法包含：提供具有一預定的實體形狀因素的機框，該機框具有其內放置一些模組的多個槽；提供一個或多個能夠被容納於該機框內位於該等多個槽內的計算組件、一個或多個能夠被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的儲存組件、以及一個或多個能夠被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的IO組件；以及對於有一期望的計算能力、儲存能力和輸入/輸出能力之一系統，決定被容納在該機框內的該一個或多個計算組件、該一個或多個儲存組件和該一個或多個IO組件其中之一，使得在該機框內的該系統是可縮放調配的。
  15. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，更包含提供在該機框內之一個或多個支援裝置來支援容納於該機框內的其他組件。
  16. 依據申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法，其中該一個或多個支援裝置為一風扇和一電源供應器其中之一。
  17. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，其中該機框有一組實體連接器和一空間容積。
  18. 依據申請專利範圍第17項所述之方法，其中該組實體連接器為一個或多PCIe連接器。
  19. 依據申請專利範圍第18項所述之方法，其中該組實體連接器為兩個快捷週邊構件互連(PCI Express)x16連接器，且該空間容積為長10吋乘高2.7吋乘寬1吋。
  20. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，其中該機框是一2U機框和一垂直機框其中之一。
  21. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，其中每一計算組件更包含一個或多個計算節點。
  22. 依據申請專利範圍第21項所述之方法，其中每一節點具有一單晶片系統、可被該單晶片系統存取的一組系統記憶體、給該單晶片系統用的一本地儲存空間、以及連接性。
  23. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，其中每一儲存組件為2.5吋有殼的SATA驅動機、無殼的SATA固態裝置(SSD)、和mSATA SSD其中之一。
  24. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，其中每一IO組件具有一組連接器和在一些IO協定之間轉譯的一轉譯電路。
  25. 依據申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，更包含提供可被容納在該機框內位於該等多個槽內的一個或多個混成(hybrid)組件，其中每一混成組件具有該計算組件、該儲存組件和該IO組件中之一個或多個。
  26. 一種印刷電路板，包含：一個或多個PCIe連接器，經由此電源被依路由傳送； 一個或多個連接至該印刷電路板的調節器，其被該一或多個PCIe連接器供電，並且產生一調整的電壓；連接至該印刷電路板的一SATA、mSATA、與迷你串列先進技術附接(miniSATA)連接器其中之一，其被該調整的電壓供電；以及其中一儲存組件可被連接至該連接器以供電給該儲存組件。
  27. 依據申請專利範圍第26項所述之印刷電路板，其中該儲存組件為一2.5吋有殼的SATA驅動機、無殼的SATA固態裝置、和一mSATA固態裝置其中之一。
  28. 依據申請專利範圍第26項所述之印刷電路板，更包含連接至該儲存組件的一SATA連接器、mSATA連接器、與miniSATA連接器其中之一，來自該儲存組件的一組SATA信號透過其被傳遞。
  29. 依據申請專利範圍第26項所述之印刷電路板，更包含連接至該儲存組件的一SATA連接器、mSATA連接器和一miniSATA連接器其中之一，來自該儲存組件的一組SATA信號透過其被傳遞，並且該組SATA信號在該印刷電路板上被依路由傳送至該等PCIe連接器。
  30. 依據申請專利範圍第28項所述之印刷電路板，更包含利用一SATA連接器連接至該印刷電路板的一計算組件，且該組SATA信號被傳遞至該計算組件。
  31. 依據申請專利範圍第26項所述之印刷電路板，更包含一個或多個數位致能(enable)，其可透過該等PCIe連接器 依路由傳送來允許該一個或多個調節器的外部控制。
  32. 依據申請專利範圍第26項所述之印刷電路板，更包含一個或多個的一電源良好信號和一確認信號，其可自該一個或多個調節器透過該等PCIe連接器依路由傳送。
  33. 依據申請專利範圍第31項所述之印刷電路板，更包含一連接至該印刷電路板的一計算組件，且該計算組件控制該等數位致能。
  34. 依據申請專利範圍第26項所述之印刷電路板，更包含一附接到該印刷電路板的一溫度感測器，且一溫度感測器介面係依路由通過該PCIe連接器。
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KR101604962B1 (ko) 2016-03-18
TWI631453B (zh) 2018-08-01
US20170156234A1 (en) 2017-06-01
US20130107444A1 (en) 2013-05-02
KR20140101338A (ko) 2014-08-19
KR20160032274A (ko) 2016-03-23
US20140101932A1 (en) 2014-04-17
US10021806B2 (en) 2018-07-10
WO2013063158A1 (en) 2013-05-02
US9585281B2 (en) 2017-02-28
KR101558118B1 (ko) 2015-10-06
US20140104778A1 (en) 2014-04-17
KR20170010908A (ko) 2017-02-01
KR20150041805A (ko) 2015-04-17

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