TW201125138A - Solar cell - Google Patents
Solar cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201125138A TW201125138A TW099136779A TW99136779A TW201125138A TW 201125138 A TW201125138 A TW 201125138A TW 099136779 A TW099136779 A TW 099136779A TW 99136779 A TW99136779 A TW 99136779A TW 201125138 A TW201125138 A TW 201125138A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- decane
- solar cell
- ether
- butyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Inorganic materials [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QXLPXWSKPNOQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylpentynol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)C#C QXLPXWSKPNOQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NILJCGYQNXKIRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dicyclopentylcyclopentanamine Chemical compound C1CCCC1N(C1CCCC1)C1CCCC1 NILJCGYQNXKIRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DVUVKWLUHXXIHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-] DVUVKWLUHXXIHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/546—Polycrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
201125138 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種太陽電池單元,更詳細而言,本 發明是有關於如下的技術,該技術可減少作為半導體基板 的多晶矽所固有的結晶缺陷或晶界上的電子-電洞再結合 所引起的光電轉換損耗,並可減少多晶矽太陽電池單元的 内部應力及由該内部應力所引起的單元的翹曲,且可提昇 單元·模組製造步驟中的良率。 【先前技術】 使用圖4 (1)至圖4 (6)說明先前的多晶矽太陽電g 單元的製造步驟。於圖4 ( 1)中,在摻雜硼的p型半導骨 基板10中,利用20〇/〇苛性鈉去除自鑄錠進行切片時所』 生的矽表面的損傷層。繼而,利用1%苛性鈉與1〇%異戸 醇的混合液進行侧,形成紐結構。太陽電池單元藉^ 於文光面(表面)娜成紐結構,^促進光封閉效果, 並可謀求高效率化。於® 4⑺中,義塗佈含有p2〇 的溶液’並於800t〜900t:下進行幾十分鐘的處理, 在氧氯_ (P〇Cl3)、氮氣、氧氣的混合 中 ^C 〜9(KrC:下騎幾十分蘭處_囉㈣成η型肩 it時’於使用氧氯化璘環境的方法中,磷的擴散亦讀 =側=及背面’ n型層不僅形成於表面,而且亦形成於伽 =::4(3)中’為去除側面的· 厚度形成包含氮化賴的抗反制。胃表―相同的 4 201125138 例如,氮化矽膜是藉由將SiH4與NH3的混合氣體作為 原料的電漿化學氣相沈積(ChemiCal Vapor Deposition, CVD)法而形成。此時,氫於結晶十擴散,與矽原子的鍵 無關之軌道,即懸鍵與氫鍵結,而使結晶缺陷鈍化。將此 種用於修正結晶缺陷賴作稱為氫鈍化,例如於專利文獻 1十有該氫純化的記載。另外,關於缺陷的純化,亦提出 有使用氫化非轉的方法,於專敎獻2中有該方 載。 繼而於圖4 (5)巾,利用網版印刷法塗佈表面電極 ,銀聚並使其乾燥,形成表面電極18。此時,表面電極18 2¾/成於k反射膜上。繼而,於背面側,亦與表面側同樣 P刷塗佈者面用!gf並使其乾燥,形成背面電極2〇。 =^為了模組製造步驟中的單元間的連接,亦於背面的 H 設置銀電極形成用銀I。進而,於圖4 (6)中, 沾、田=進行般燒後形成太陽電池單元。若於600°c〜90〇i3c 燒幾分鐘,則於表面側,藉由絲中所包 二% # ;4而使作為絕緣膜的抗反_财的—部分亦 可射進行歐姆_。肢稱為火焰穿越(加 through )〇另一古工从斗 面,於者面側,在如上述般背面亦為n BSF )層? 電月匕力的背面電場(Back Surface Field, 氣相=述不時,尤其於使用氧氣化_ 僅在原本而要n型層的一面(通常受光面 201125138 :表::形成n型層,而且在另一面(非受光 或侧面亦形成n型層。因此,為 面) 必需進行侧面_,且必需於= 2 =。於上述情況下,在先前的多晶石夕太陽電池ΐΐ 的製造步财’於背面塗佈作為第u族元素_ :疋 並進行職,從而將η型層再次變換成p型層。— 先前技術文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻1:日本專利特開昭π,%6號公報 專利文獻2 .日本專利特開加⑽⑸726號公報 於上述多晶石夕太陽電池單元的製造步驟中,成為基板 的多晶石夕包含許多源自晶界的結晶缺陷。該些成為藉由太 陽光等的光照射而產生的電子及電洞的載體的再結合中 心,並成為電力損耗的原因。尤其,於多Μ太陽電池單 兀的製造步驟巾’在背面印刷轉,並對其進行般燒而將 η型層變成Ρ+型層的同時,獲得歐姆接觸。但是,由於鋁 漿的導電率較低,因此必需降低薄片電阻,通常必需於在 整個背面鍛燒銘層後形成10 μιη〜2〇 μιη左右的厚度。進 而’矽與紹的熱膨脹係數差異較大,因此於煅燒及冷卻的 過程中’在矽基板中產生較大的内部應力,而成為翹曲的 原因。 該内部應力及翹曲對於單元本身的特性、及其後的模 組製造步驟而言均是不希望出現的。即,因該應力而對多 晶的晶界造成相傷’使上述再結合中心增長,電力損耗增 201125138 大。另外,翹曲於模組製造步驟中的單元的搬送、或單元 與被稱為Tab線的銅線的連接中,易於使單元破損。最近, 由於切片技術的提昇,多晶矽基板的厚度已薄型化至17〇 μηι ’進而,於不久的將來會更薄型化,而存在比先前更容 易破損的傾向。 為減輕此種内部應力,可考慮避免使用背面的鋁漿, 但於先前的製造步驟中,為了如上述般將η型層再次變換 成Ρ型層,並保持單元的特性,而難以避免使用鋁漿。 另外,於上述多晶矽太陽電池單元的製造步驟中,在 進行用於修補結晶缺陷的氫純化後進行產生應力的背面電 極的印刷及煅燒,因此藉由此處的應力而再次增加結晶缺 陷。 、 另外,於上述多晶矽太陽電池單元的製造步驟中,用 =修補結晶缺關氫鈍化處理是於形成抗反㈣時同時進 仃。因此,纽化處理僅於表面有效,在結晶内部(稱為 bulk)或背面,結晶缺陷未得到處理而仍為再結合中心。 【發明内容】 本發明是繁於以上先前的問題點開發而成的,其將 成以下的目的作為課題。 、 本發明的目的尤其在於提供一種太陽電池單元, 時,亦減少内部應力的產生,藉此減 損失。另外,本發明的目的在於同時 驟^由内部應力所引起的翹曲’減少單元及模組製造步 驟中的単元的破損,並提昇良率。 201125138 ,其i i _池單元’其於形成有沖接合的半導 乂板的受光面側具有抗反射膜與外部取出用電極,於非 又光面側具有電極層,其特徵在於: 上述電極層是形成為整面狀,且厚度為5 μιη以下。 (2) 如上述(1)所述之太陽電池單元,其中上述電 極層的薄片電阻為ΐχΐ〇-4Ω/□以下。 (3) 厂種太陽電池單元,其於形成有ρη接合的半導 ,,板的受光面側具有抗反射膜與外部取出用電極於非 受光面側具有電極層,其特徵在於: 上述電極層是非整面狀的電極層。 (4) 如上述(3)所述之太陽電池單元,其中上述非 面狀的電極層包含匯流條電極(busbar eiectr〇de)、及與 該匯流條電極交叉的指狀電極(finger electrode )。 (5) 如上述(3)所述之太陽電池單元,其中上述非 整面狀的電極是網狀的電極。 (6) 如上述Q)〜上述(5)中任一項所述之太陽電 池單元’其中上述半導體基板包含多晶矽。 [發明的效果] 根據本發明,將背面電極厚度形成地較薄’或者將背 面電極形成為包含匯流條電極、及與該匯流條電極交叉的 指狀電極的電極,因此可抑制内部應力的產生’藉此可抑 制對於晶界的損傷,並可抑制結晶缺陷的增長’且可減少 步驟中的破損,可提供一種能夠實現高效率化、高良率化 的太陽電池單元。 201125138 ▲為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵和優點能更明顯 易懂,下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說 明如下。 ^ 【實施方式】 a根據苐1型態,本發明的太陽電池單元於形成有pn 接&的半導體基板的受光_具有抗反射膜與外部取出用 電極’於非受光面側具有電極層(以下,树稱為「背面 電極層」)’其特徵在於··上述電極層是形成為整面狀,且 厚度為5 μπι以下。 另外,根據第2型態,本發明的太陽電池單元於形成 有Ρη接合的半導體基板的受光面側具有抗反射膜與外部 取出用電極’於非受光面側具有電極層,其特徵在於:上 述電極層是非整面狀的電極層。 即,於第1型態中,位於與受光面側相反側的背面電 極層的厚度為5 μιη以下而為薄膜,另外,於第2型態中, 將背面電極層形成為非整面狀的電極層,因此本發明“的太 陽電池單元可抑咖部應力的產生,藉此可抑觸於晶界 的損傷’並可抑制結晶缺陷的增長,且可減:破 損,有助於高效率化、高良率化。 干的破 以下,參照圖1對本發明的太陽電池單元中,用於 背面電極層的厚度變成5 μιη以下的方法、或者用於將背 面電極層形成為非整面狀的電極層的方法進行說明,並# 由該說明來使本發明的太陽電池單元的構造明破。圖1 a 概念性地表示本發明的太陽電池單元的製造步驟的模式二 201125138 卸圖。於圖l (1)至圄1 “、木 的要 其板的夕日欲=與先前技術烟,是作為ρ型半導體 ίΐ::與先前技術同樣地利用驗性溶液去::: 層,並It由侧獲做賴構。 衫除#傷 扣Γ圖1⑵中,在表面即成為受光面的面上,為❹ η型:12而塗佈n型層形成用擴散液,在背面即非= 上,為形成p型層14而塗佈 本發明m田h 盾形成用擴散液。即,於 P型X層。i用產生如上所述的問題的_轉而形成 本發明的塗佈方法並無限制,例如有印刷法、旋塗法、 刷塗、噴霧法等。另外,根據擴散液的組成,有時於各面 塗佈後需要進行溶劑乾燥,其中,當使用加熱板時,在80t 150 C左右的溫度下乾燥i分鐘〜5分鐘,當使用電爐等 時在80 c〜150 c左右的溫度下乾燥1〇分鐘〜3〇分鐘 左右。該乾燥條件依存於擴散液的溶劑組成,本發明並不 特別限定於該條件。 此處所使用的η型層形成用擴散液是包含具有磷等第 15族元素的化合物作為成為施體的雜質的擴散液,具體而 言,可列舉:P2〇5、P(〇r)3、P(0R)5、p〇(〇R)3、磷酸二氫 銨等磷酸鹽、AsX3、AsX5、As2〇3、As205、As(OR)3、 As(OR)5、SbXs、SbXs、Sb(OR)3、Sb(OR)5 (式中 ’ R 表示 烷基、烯丙基、乙烯基、醯基,X表示鹵素原子)等。 另外,此處所使用的p型層形成用擴散液是包含硼等 201125138 第13族元素的單體或含有其的化合物作為成 質的擴散液,具體而言,可列舉:Β2、β2〇 7乏體的雜 Al(OR)3、Aix3、Ga(N〇3)3、Ga(OR)3、GaX3 3( <B(0R)” 示烷基、烯丙基、乙烯基、醯基,X表示鹵素^中,尺表 但是,於本發明中,並非在n、p型層形成用擴散二 該些雜質化合物,只要是可於半導體層中良好地^中指定 層、Ρ型層的化合物,則不論其種類。 也成η型 另外,η、ρ各形成用擴散液除可使用(j ) 所 化合物以外,亦可使用⑺黏合劑作為必需成分, 要可使用(3)溶劑、(4)其他添加劑。 現而 作為⑵的黏"合劑’大致區分為二氧化石夕系點合劑與 有機糸黏合劑。二氧化衫黏合劑與有機祕合劑阶 任一者或兩者。當形成η、ρ各層時,二氧化矽:曰 用於控制摻侧濃度均勻性、深料,具體*言^使^ 鹵化矽烷、烷氧基矽烷或其縮合物。 作為函化石夕烧,可列舉:四氣石夕⑧、四漠石夕烧、 二氣石夕燒、乙縣三氣魏、甲基三氣魏、乙基三氣石夕 烷、二苯基二氯矽烷、二乙基二氯矽烷等。 作為石夕烧氧化物,例如可列舉:四炫氧基石夕烧、三燒 氧基矽烷、二有機二烷氧基矽燒等。 作為四烧氧基魏,例如可列舉:四甲氧基魏、四 乙乳基魏、四·正丙氧基魏、^異丙氧基魏、四正 丁氧基石夕烧、四-第二丁氧基石夕燒、四-第三丁氧基魏、 四苯氧基矽烷等。 201125138 作為三院氧基石夕烧,例如可列舉:三曱氧基;g夕烧、三 乙氧基石夕烧、二丙氧基石夕炫、氟三甲氧基石夕烧、氟三乙氧 基矽烷、甲基三曱氧基矽烷、曱基三乙氧基矽烷、甲基三· 正丙氧基矽烷、曱基三-異丙氧基矽烷、曱基三_正丁氧基 矽烷、甲基三-異丁氧基矽烷、甲基三_第三丁氧基矽烷、 曱基二苯氧基石夕烧、乙基三甲氧基石夕烧、乙基三乙氧基石夕 烷、乙基三-正丙氧基矽烷、乙基三-異丙氧基矽烷、乙基 二- 正丁氧基石夕烧、乙基三-異丁氧基石夕烧、乙基三_第三丁 氧基石夕烧、乙基三苯氧基石夕烧、正丙基三曱氧基石夕燒、正 丙基三乙氧基矽烷、正丙基三-正丙氧基矽烷、正丙基三_ 異丙氧基石夕烧、正丙基三-正丁氧基石夕烧、正丙基三_異丁 氧基矽烷、正丙基三-第三丁氧基矽烷、正丙基三苯氧基矽 烧、異丙基三甲氧基石夕烧、異丙基三乙氧基石夕烧、異丙基 三- 正丙氧基石夕烧、異丙基三-異丙氧基石夕烧、異丙基三_正 丁氧基石夕烧、異丙基三-異丁氧基石夕烧、異丙基三-第三丁 氧基矽烷、異丙基三苯氧基矽烷、正丁基三甲氧基矽烷、 正丁基三乙氧基石夕烧、正丁基三-正丙氧基碎烧、正丁基三 -異丙氧基石夕烧、正丁基三-正丁氧基>5夕烧、正丁基三-異丁 乳基碎烧、正丁基二-第二丁氧基梦烧、正丁基三苯氧基石夕 烷、第二丁基三甲氧基矽烷、第二丁基三乙氧基矽烷、第 二丁基三-正丙氧基矽烷、第二丁基三-異丙氧基矽烷、第 二丁基三-正丁氧基矽烷、第二丁基三_異丁氧基矽烷、第 二丁基三-第三丁氧基矽烷、第二丁基三苯氧基矽烷、第三 丁基三甲氧基矽烷、第三丁基三乙氧基矽烷、第三丁基三_ 12 201125138 正丙氧基矽烷、第三丁基三-異丙氧基矽烷、第三丁基三-正丁氧基矽烷、第三丁基三·異丁氧基矽烷、第三丁基三_ 第二丁氧基矽烷、第三丁基三苯氧基矽烷、苯基三曱氧基 石夕院、笨基二乙氧基石夕烧、苯基三·正丙氧基石夕烧、苯基三 -異丙氧基矽烷、苯基三·正丁氧基矽烷、苯基三_異丁氧基 矽烷、苯基三-第三丁氧基矽烷、苯基三苯氧基矽烷、三氣 曱基三甲氧基矽烷、五氟乙基三曱氧基矽烷、3,3,3_三氟丙 基二甲氧基矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三乙氧基矽烷等。 作為二有機二烷氧基矽烷,例如可列舉:二曱基二曱 氧基矽烷、二曱基二乙氧基矽烷、二曱基二_正丙氧基矽 院一甲基一·異丙乳基石夕炫、一甲基二-正丁氧1基石夕炫>、 二曱基二第二丁氧基矽烷、二甲基二_第三丁氧基矽烷' 一曱基二笨氧基矽烷、二乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二乙 氧基矽烷、二乙基二-正丙氧基矽烷、二乙基二_異丙氧基 矽烷、二乙基二-正丁氧基矽烷、二乙基二-第二丁氧基矽 烷、二乙基二·第三丁氧基矽烷、二乙基二苯氧基矽烷、二 -正丙基二曱氧基矽烷、二-正丙基二乙氧基矽烷、二_正丙 基二-正丙氧基矽烷、二-正丙基二-異丙氧基矽烷、二_正丙 基二-正丁氧基矽烷、二-正丙基二-第二丁氧基矽烷、二、 正丙基二-第三丁氧基矽烷、二-正丙基二苯氧基矽烷、二、 異丙基二曱氧基矽烷、二-異丙基二乙氧基矽烷、二異丙 基二-正丙氧基矽烷、二-異丙基二-異丙氧基矽烷、二-異丙 基二-正丁氧基矽烷、二-異丙基二-第二丁氧基矽烷、二、 異丙基二-第三丁氧基矽烷、二-異丙基二苯氧基矽烷、二、 13 201125138 正丁基二曱氧基石夕烧、二·正丁基二乙氧基石夕院、二正丁 基二-正丙氧基矽烷、二·正丁基二-異丙氧基矽烷、二_正丁 基二-正丁氧基矽烷、二-正丁基二·第二丁氧基矽烷、二_ 正丁基二-第三丁氧基矽烷、二-正丁基二苯氧基矽烷、二-第二丁基二曱氧基矽烷、二_第二丁基二乙氧基矽烷、二_ 第二丁基二·正丙氧基矽烷、二_第二丁基二_異丙氧基矽 烧、一-第二丁基二-正丁氧基石夕院、二-第二丁基二-第二丁 氧基矽烷、二-第二丁基二_第三丁氧基矽烷、二_第二丁基 一苯氧基石夕烧、二-第三丁基二曱氧基矽烧、二_第三丁基 二乙氧基矽烧、二-第三丁基二·正丙氧基石夕烷、二_第三丁 基二-異丙氧基矽烷、二_第三丁基二_正丁氧基矽烷、二_ 第三丁基二-第二丁氧基矽烷、二_第三丁基二第三丁氧基 矽烷、二-第三丁基二苯氧基矽烷、二苯基二甲氧基矽烷、 一本基二乙氧基石夕烧、二笨基二-正丙氧基碎烧、二苯基二 -異丙氧基矽烷、二苯基二-正丁氧基矽烷、二苯基二·第二 丁氧基石夕烷、二苯基二-第三丁氧基矽烷、二苯基二苯氧基 石夕烧、雙(3,3,3_三氟丙基)二曱氧基矽烷、曱基⑻义王氟 丙基)二甲氧基矽烷等。 作為上述以外的化合物,例如可列舉:雙(三曱氧基石夕 烷基)曱烷,雙(三乙氧基矽烷基)曱烷,雙(三_正丙氧基矽 烧基)甲烧,雙(三-異丙氧基石夕院基)曱烧,雙(三曱氧基石夕 烧基)乙燦,雙(三乙氧基石夕烧基)乙烧,雙(三_正丙氧基石夕 烷基)乙烷,雙(三-異丙氧基矽烷基)乙烷,雙(三甲氧基矽 烷基)丙烷,雙(三乙氧基矽烷基)丙烷,雙(三_正丙氧基矽 14 201125138 烷基)丙烷,雙(三-異丙氧基矽烷基)丙烷,雙(三曱氧基矽 烧基)苯’雙(三乙氧基矽烷基)苯,雙(三·正丙氧基矽烷基) 本,雙(二-異丙氧基碎烧基)苯等雙石夕烧基烧煙、雙石夕烧基 苯等。 另外,可列舉·六甲氧基二石夕院、六乙氧基二石夕烧、 六-正丙氧基二矽烷、六-異丙氧基二矽烷等六烷氧基二矽 烷類,1,2-二甲基四甲氧基二矽烷、12_二甲基四乙氧基二 矽烷、1,2-二曱基四丙氧基二矽烷等二烷基四烷氧基二矽 烷類等。 有機系黏合劑主要用於調整塗佈液的黏度,控制塗佈 膜厚,進而用於控制上述雜質化合物、二氧化矽系黏合劑 的穩疋性。本發明的有機系黏合劑的至少一部分必需具有 親水性基,作為親水性基,例如可列舉:_〇H、-NH3、 •COOH、-CHO、>CO等。有機黏合劑較佳為具有上述親 水性基的高分子量體,例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基 胺基乙醋聚合物、聚乙稀醇、聚丙烯酿胺類、聚乙稀酿胺 類、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚(甲基)丙烯酸類、聚環氧乙烷類、 聚磺酸、丙烯醯胺烷基磺酸、纖維素醚類、纖維素衍生物、 羧甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、明膠、澱粉及澱粉衍生物、 海藻酸鈉類、三仙膠、瓜爾膠及瓜爾膠衍生物、硬葡聚醣、 黃蓍膠或糊精衍生物等。 但是,當單獨使用高分子量體作為黏合劑時,並不特 別需要親水性,可自由地選擇丙烯酸樹脂、丙烯酸酯樹脂、 丁二烯樹脂、苯乙烯樹脂、該些的共聚物等。 15 201125138 作為可用於本發明的(3)溶 施體的雜質的具有财第可,容解作為成為 為受體的雜質的硼等第13族元专、”。合物、或者作為成 與有機溶_混合溶液。作為可溶解可於本發日种使用ί 石夕燒氧化誠分的有機溶劑,可解:非質子性溶劑(2,5_ 二曱基曱醢胺(dunethyl f0rmamide,聽)' 四氫呋喃 (tetmhydmfuran ’ THF)、氣仿、甲苯等)、質子性溶劑(曱 醇及乙醇等醇類)等。該些可單獨使用、或者組合使用兩 種以上。 作為非質子性溶劑,例如可列舉:丙酮、甲基乙基酮、 甲基-正丙基酮、甲基-異丙基酮、甲基_正丁基酮、曱基_ 異丁基酮、甲基-正戊基酮、曱基·正己基酮、二乙酮、二 丙酮、二-異丁基酮、三曱基壬酮、環己酮、環戊酮、甲基 己酮、2,4-戊二酮、丙g同基丙g同、丫_丁内酯、戊内酯等 酮系溶劑,二乙醚、曱基乙基醚、曱基_η_二-正丙基醚、 二異丙醚、四氫呋喃、曱基四氫呋喃、二噁烷、二甲基二 °惡燒、乙二醇二曱醚、乙二醇二乙_、乙二醇二_正丙醚、 乙一醇一丁醚、一乙二醇二甲趟、二乙二醇二乙謎、二乙 二醇曱基乙基醚、二乙二醇曱基單_正丙醚、二乙二醇甲基 單-正丁醚、二乙二醇二-正丙趟、二乙二醇二_正丁酸、二 乙一醇曱基單-正己喊、三乙二醇二曱喊、三乙二醇二乙 醚、三乙二醇甲基乙基醚、三乙二醇曱基單_正丁醚、三乙 二醇二-正丁醚、三乙二醇曱基單·正己醚、四乙二醇二曱 16 201125138 鍵、Γ乙二醇二⑽、四二乙二醇甲基乙基輕、四乙二醇 曱基單正丁醚、二乙二醇二_正丁趟、四乙二醇甲基單-正 己醚、四乙二醇二_正丁醚、丙二醇二曱醚、丙二醇二乙醚、 丙t醇二·正丙醚、丙二醇二丁醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、二丙 一醇一乙喊、二丙二醇曱基乙基醚、二丙二醇曱基單-正丁 謎一丙一醇二_正丙喊、二丙二醇二_正丁鱗、二丙二醇 曱基單-正己醚、三丙二醇二曱醚、三丙二醇二乙醚、三丙 二醇曱基乙基醚、三丙二醇曱基單_正丁醚、三丙二醇二_ 正丁趟、二丙二醇甲基單_正己轉、四丙二醇二甲醚、四丙 二醇二乙醚、四二丙二醇曱基乙基醚、四丙二醇曱基單_ 正丁縫、二丙二醇二·正丁喊、四丙二醇曱基單-正己趟、 四丙二醇二-正丁醚等醚系溶劑,乙酸曱酯、乙酸乙酯、乙 酸正丙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸 第二丁酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸第二戊酯、乙酸3_甲氧基丁 酯、乙酸曱基戍酯、乙酸2-乙基丁酯、乙酸2_乙基己酯、 乙酸苄酯、乙酸環己酯、乙酸曱基環己酯、乙酸壬酯、乙 醮乙酸曱酯、乙酿乙酸乙酯、二乙二醇單曱醚乙酸酯、二 乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單_正丁醚乙酸酯、二丙二 醇單曱醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇二乙酸 酉曰、乙酸曱氧三甘酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸正丁酯、丙酸異戊 酯、草酸二乙酯、草酸二-正丁酯等酯系溶劑,乙二醇曱醚 丙酸酯、乙二醇乙醚丙酸酯、乙二醇曱醚乙酸酯、乙二醇 乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、 二乙二醇-正丁醚乙酸酯、丙二醇曱醚乙酸酯、丙二醇乙醚 17 201125138 乙酸酯、丙二醇丙醚乙酸^旨、_ ^ 二醇乙醚乙酸酯等醚乙釀二丙一醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙 酮’N-乙基吡咯烷酮,办劑’乙腈’ Ν·甲基吡咯烷 N-己基吡咯烷酮,队環比11 各烧綱,队丁基吡咯烷酮, 胺,N,N-二甲基乙醯胺,各烧酮’ N,N-二甲基甲醯 使用-種、或者組合使用_ =基亞解,該些可單獨 作為質子性溶劑,例如可 > 異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、 ·甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、 異戊醇、2-曱基丁醇、第_ —丁醇、第三丁醇、正戊醇、 醇、正己醇、2·甲基戊醇'^醇J三戊醇、3·甲氧基丁 庚醇、正辛醇、2-乙基己醇、第2_乙基>丁醇、第二 第二-十一烧醇、三甲基壬醇二:、正壬醇、正癸醇、 燒醇、苯紛、環己醇、甲義 了四燒醇、第二-十七 内二醇、1 醇、节醇、乙二醇、以 一哔,丁一醇、二乙二醇、二而一 二兩二醇等醇系溶劑,乙 -二乙二醇、 單細、二乙二_ :二:=乙趟、乙二醇 正丁醚、二乙-萨II 乙一知单乙醚、二乙二醇單_ 醇單下丁:料-正己醚、乙氧基三乙二醇醚、四乙二 正頂、丙二醇單㈣、二丙二醇單㈣、二丙二醇 gt 一丙-醇早曱喊等峻系溶劑,乳酸曱醋、乳酸乙 13,車父佳為醇糸溶劑。該些之中,就抑制塗佈 望或彈力的觀點而言,較佳為乙醇、異丙醇、丙二醇丙 該些可單獨使用一種、或者組合使用兩種以上。 作為本發明中的(4 )其他添加劑,例如當使用二氧化 201125138. 黏』作為(2)的黏合劑成分時’可列舉使用水及觸 為此凝膠反應中所使用的觸媒,作 f合物等。 例如可列舉:酸觸媒、_媒、金屬 有機 鄰苯二曱酸、丙丁烯:酸:反丁歸二酸、 檸檬酸、乙si、丙酸、τϋ ^酉石&、蘋果酸、乳酸、 壬酸、癸酸、草:己丁!、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、 酸、亞麻減、切癸二酸、崎、油酸、硬脂 對胺基苯f酸、水揚酸、苯俩、笨甲酸、 土尽T夂對甲本石頁酸、甲績酸、三氣 乙爾。作為無機酸,例 :氟 :酸、硫酸、_,單獨使用一二= 使用兩種以上。 很次者組合 ^ ’例如可列舉··無機驗及有機驗等。作為 ΐί驗,例如可列舉:a氧化納、氫氧化鉀、氫氧^為 風氧化铯等。作為有機驗,例如可列舉:σ比咬 ’’ ,乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基單乙醇胺、單甲基二乙 乱、氣氧化四曱銨、氫氧化四乙銨、氫氧化四丙錄= 乙广二丙胺、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、庚胺、辛胺、壬胺: 月女、十一胺、十二胺、環戊胺、環己胺、ν具二曱胺、㈣ j胺、__二碰、Ν,Ν_:了胺、邮二戊胺、咖二 己胺、Ν,Ν-二環戊胺、Ν,Ν-二環己胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、 201125138 二丙胺、二丁胺、三戊胺、三己胺、三環戊胺、三環己胺 等。該些可單獨使用一種、或者組合使用兩種以上。 作為金屬螯合物,例如可列舉:三曱氧基_單(乙醯丙 酮)鈦、二乙氧基-單(乙醯丙酮)鈦、三_正丙氧基_單(乙醯丙 酮)鈦、二-異丙氧基-單(乙醯丙_)鈦、三-正丁氧基_單(乙 酿丙嗣)欽、二-第一丁氧基-单(乙酿丙綱)欽、三-第三丁氧 基-單(乙醯丙酮)鈦、二曱氧基-單(乙醯丙酮)鈦、二乙氧基 -二(乙醢丙酮)鈥、二-正丙氧基-二(乙醯丙酮)鈦、二·異丙 氧基-二(乙醯丙酮)鈦、二-正丁氧基-二(乙醯丙酮)鈦、二_ 第二丁氧基-二(乙醯丙酮)鈦、二-第三丁氧基_二(乙醯丙酮) 鈦、單甲氧基-三(乙醯丙酿|)鈦、單乙氧基·三(乙醯丙酮) 鈦、單正丙氧基-三(乙醯丙酮)鈦、單異丙氧基·三(乙醯丙 酮)鈦、單正丁氧基-三(乙醯丙酮)鈦、單第二丁氧基-三(乙 醯丙酮)鈦、單第二丁氧基_三(乙酿丙酿J)鈦、四(乙醯丙酮) 欽、二甲氧基•單(乙醯乙酸乙g旨)欽、三乙氧基_單(乙醯乙 酸乙酯)鈦、三-正丙氧基-單(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、三_異丙氧 基-單(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、三-正丁氧基_單(乙醯乙酸乙酯) 鈦、二-第一丁氧基-單(乙醯乙酸乙g旨)鈦、三_第三丁氧基_ 單(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、二甲氧基-單(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、二 乙氧基-二(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、二-正丙氧基_二(乙醯乙酸乙 酉旨)鈦、一-異丙氧基-二(乙酿乙酸乙酯)鈦、二_正丁氧基_ 二(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、二-第二丁氧基_二(乙醯乙酸乙酯) 鈦、二-第三丁氧基-二(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、單曱氧基_三(乙 醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、單乙氧基·三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、單正丙氧 20 201125138 之;(正乙二乙=日”鈦、單異丙氧基-三(乙酿乙酸乙醋) 醯乙酸乙乙酸^輯、單第二丁氧基-三(乙 醯乙酸乙酯)鈦等具有敍^土屈二(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈦、四(乙 螯合物的斜冰μ 一有鈦的金屬螯合物,上述具有鈦的金屬 -種、!I! I 1呂等取代的化合物等。該些可單獨使用 種或者組合使用兩種以上。 各*,在赋〜崎對塗佈有上述" 2 =的t導體基板進行熱處理’藉此使雜質向半導 體曰中擴放,從而獲得η型層12、p型層14。 膜16^1/ -以與先前方法相同的方法獲得抗反射 氣,氮化石夕膜是藉由將SiH4與NH3的混合 乳體作為原料的電聚CVD法而形成。 =了!子的鍵無關之軌道,即懸鍵與氮鍵結:而: 缺陷純化(虱純化)。 旦體而言,於如下的條件下形成:上述混合氣體流 里t H3/SiH4為0.054 〇,反應室的壓力為〇 ι τ⑽〜2 加’成膜時的溫度為30(TC〜55(rc,用於電肢 率為100 KHz以上。 於圖1⑸中,在表面(受光面)的抗反射膜16上, 利用網版印刷法印職佈表面電極用金輕料並使立乾 燥’形成表面電極(外部取出用電極).繼而,於:方面 側,亦與表面側同樣地,印刷塗佈背面用金屬漿料並使其 乾燥,形成背面電極(電極層)20。此處,於本發明中, 由於在背面電極侧已形成有p型層,因此不需要如先前般 21 201125138 換成p細步驟,進而,無需使用 :為形成於15型層上的背面電極。因 ’對於方面電極的材質或形態 ==!用銘時的問題。具體而言,作為背:電極 屬,#錢般,可使祕或銅雜以外的金 屬祕釔方面而言,可形成為整面狀 面狀。作為非整㈣㈣搞7雜a①麟并堂 可列舉包含匯流條電極、及 的指狀電極的電極,或者網狀的電極 等,该些f極均可抑❹晶絲板的應力的產生。 用金屬聚料塗佈於整個面上時,將般燒後的 膜厚控制成5帅以下的膜厚。具體而言,較佳為控制成! μιη〜5 μηι的膜厚。另外,f _金屬轉較佳為即使膜 厚為5 μιη以下’亦可獲得1χ1〇_4Ω/口以下的足夠低的薄片 ,阻的金屬毁料,例如,可形成低電阻的電極的金屬㈣ 是將⑴金屬粉末與⑴玻璃粉作為必需成分,並視需 要包含⑴樹脂齡劑、⑷其他添加劑等的金屬激料。 作為⑴金屬粉末,可列舉:銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、 金(Au)、銘(A1)或該些的合金。該些金屬粉末較佳為 片狀、球狀’其粒徑較佳為〇 〇〇1 μηι〜1〇 〇 _。 (2)玻璃粉是使用如下的玻璃粉,即利 碎將抓,2〇3、蘭、祕3、勝灿5、秘5、^3如 BaO、Te〇2等無機氧化物於高溫下溶解,然後冷卻所獲得 者,並使其形成為10 μιη左右的玻璃粉。此時,將玻璃: 的軟化點調整為比金屬漿料的煅燒溫度600°C〜900¾更 22 201125138 低的溫度。 (3)樹脂黏合劑只要是具有熱分解性的樹脂黏合 則並無特別限定’例如可列舉:曱基纖維素、乙 緩曱基纖維素等纖維素類,聚乙稀醇類,聚乙 類,丙稀酸樹脂,乙酸乙坤酿·丙稀酸酿共聚物 搭等丁_脂類,毅性醇酸樹脂,聽油脂肪酸= 酸樹脂等。 Γ 生虹 作為(4)其他添加劑,例如可列舉:燒結 結輔助劑、增姻、穩定劑、分散劑、黏度調 , 電極另匯⑷至圖2⑻對包;匯流條 電極、及與《流條電極交又的指狀電極的背面電 說明。圖2(A)是自形成包含匯流條電極、及與該匯 電極父叉的指狀電極的構成的太陽電池單元的背皆 面電極的平面圖,圖2⑻是將圖2⑷的_部分擴大 表示的立顧。本構成㈣㈣極包含匯流條電極%與指 =電極3 2 ’於® 2所示的f面f極巾,構成為2根匯流條 電極30與多根指狀電極32正交。 此種背面電極例如可藉由以下等方法形成:上述的金 屬聚料的網版印刷、或者電極材料的織、高真空中的利 用電子束加熱的電極材料的蒸鍍。但是,眾所周知包含匯 流條電極與指狀電極的電極—般用作受光面側的電極,可 直接應用'光面側的匯流條電極及指狀電極的形成方法。 卯再者’藉由使用本發明中所使用的擴散液(聚料),於 早晶石夕基板、多晶石夕基板上,均可利用選擇擴散技術使該 23 201125138 擴散液局部地高濃度擴散。更具體而言,藉由印刷及般声, 可僅於金屬電歸近使養成高濃度㈣η型層形成為 Π++型層’且相反側的電極亦可將ρ型層形成為Ρ++型層。 =該些選擇擴,可於保持高薄片電阻的狀態下降低接 觸電阻,可獲得尚效率的太陽電池單元。 態。ί:是〜進行锻燒後形成太陽電池單元的狀 :、 C的溫度範圍内烺燒幾分鐘,則於表 的表銀轉中所包含的玻璃材料使作為絕緣膜 的抗反射膜溶融,進而借 内,銀材料卩分祕融的期間 葬由太^目成接觸㈣凝固,藉此可進行電性接觸。 曰本見象而確保表銀電極與矽的導通。 單元i次田參照圖3⑴至圖3⑷對本發_太陽電池 形態進扞Z使旁面電極層的厚度變成5 μιη以下的其他 明的太。圖3 至圖3 (6)是概念性地表示本發 圖的製造步驟的模式剖面圖。圖3⑴至 ⑴至圖4 j造步驟是於已述的先前的製造方法中(圖4 佈液,6)),使用P型層形成用擴散液(擴散用塗 即,於^ 2^層來代替细轉形成P型層的製造步驟。 所示的mH3 (ηυ〜圖3⑷的步驟實質上與圖4 表面(典#/驟相同。而且’於圖3⑸的步驟中,在 佈表面k 的抗反_ 16上,利賴版印刷法印刷塗 Z用金輕料並使其乾燥,形成表面電極18。 並實施熱#^型層22的表面_P型層形細擴散液, *、、、s月处理,而將n型層再次變換成p型層。此處 24 201125138 所使用的p型層形成用擴散液與已述的P型層形成用擴散 液相同。於再次變換成P型層的擴散n型層22的表面^與 圖1同樣地印刷塗佈背面用金屬漿料並使其乾燥,形成^ _極20。此時,尤其於背面’當與圖j的情況同樣地‘ 金屬漿料塗佈於整個面上時,將煅燒後的膜厚控制成如不 超過5 μιη的膜厚。另外,背面用金屬漿料與已 用金屬漿料相同。 月卸 如上所述,當使用氧氯化磷已形成η型層時,η型層 不僅形成於表面,亦形成於側面或背面,但若如圖3 (/) f圖3 (6)所示般進行處理,則將形成於背面的η型層再 -人變換成ρ型層,藉此無需如先前般利用鋁漿形成 20师左右的較厚的背面電極,而可形成為$卿以下的 者面電極,並可抑制内部應力的產生。 雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以 本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神 範圍内,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此 範圍當視_之巾請專概_界定者鱗。 保°蔓 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1 (1)至圖丨(6)是概念性地表示本發明的太陽電 池早元的製造步驟的剖面圖。 圖2 (A)至圖2 (B)是對包含匯流條電極、及與該 圖 匯机條電極父叉的指狀電極的背面電極進行說明的概略 〇 圖3(1)至圖3(6)是概念性地表示本發明的太陽電 25 201125138 池單元的與圖1不同的製造步驟的剖面圖。 圖4(1)至圖4(6)是概念性地表示先前的多晶矽太 陽電池的製造步驟的剖面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 : p型半導體基板 12、22 : η 型層 14 : Ρ型層 16 :抗反射膜 18 :表面電極(外部取出用電極) 20 :背面電極(電極層) 30 :匯流條電極 32 :指狀電極 26
Claims (1)
- 201125138 七、申請專利範園: 導體 於非受 光面側具有電極層,其特徵在於:°於 上述電極層是形成為整面狀,且厚度為 2·如申請專利範圍第!項所述之太陽電 '下。 上述電極層的薄片電阻為1χ1〇·4Ω/□以下。 ”中 其太陽電池單元,其於軸有ρη接合的半導體 基板的乂光面侧具有抗反射膜與外部取錢電極,, 光面侧具有電極層,其特徵在於: ' 戸文 上述電極層是非整面狀的電極層。 4·如申請專利範圍第3項所述之太陽電池單元,其中 上述非整面狀的電極層包含匯流條電極、及與該匯流條電 極交又的指狀電極。 5. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之太陽電池單元,其中 上述非整面狀的電極是網狀的電極。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之太 陽電池單元,其中上述半導體基板包含多晶矽。 27
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US9512032B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-12-06 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Glass frit, composition for solar cell electrodes including the same, and electrode fabricated using the same |
US9748417B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-08-29 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode produced from same |
US9911872B2 (en) | 2012-12-29 | 2018-03-06 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Composition for forming electrode of solar cell, and electrode manufactured using same |
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MY179365A (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2020-11-05 | Toray Industries | P-type impurity-diffusing composition, method for manufacturing semiconductor device using said composition, solar cell, and method for manufacturing said solar cell |
CN107342336B (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 泉州泉一科技有限公司 | 一种均一型多晶硅绒面的制备方法 |
CN110610854A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-24 | 天津环鑫科技发展有限公司 | 一种扩散磷源的制备方法 |
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US9512032B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-12-06 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Glass frit, composition for solar cell electrodes including the same, and electrode fabricated using the same |
US9748417B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-08-29 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode produced from same |
US9911872B2 (en) | 2012-12-29 | 2018-03-06 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Composition for forming electrode of solar cell, and electrode manufactured using same |
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CN102576751A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
KR20120059644A (ko) | 2012-06-08 |
EP2495771A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
WO2011052466A1 (ja) | 2011-05-05 |
JPWO2011052466A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
US20120211076A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
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