TW201021186A - Lead frame board, method of forming the same, and semiconductor device - Google Patents

Lead frame board, method of forming the same, and semiconductor device Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201021186A
TW201021186A TW98132930A TW98132930A TW201021186A TW 201021186 A TW201021186 A TW 201021186A TW 98132930 A TW98132930 A TW 98132930A TW 98132930 A TW98132930 A TW 98132930A TW 201021186 A TW201021186 A TW 201021186A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
connection terminal
semiconductor element
lead frame
outer frame
external connection
Prior art date
Application number
TW98132930A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TWI502711B (zh
Inventor
Takehito Tsukamoto
Susumu Maniwa
Junko Toda
Yasuhiro Sakai
Original Assignee
Toppan Printing Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toppan Printing Co Ltd filed Critical Toppan Printing Co Ltd
Publication of TW201021186A publication Critical patent/TW201021186A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI502711B publication Critical patent/TWI502711B/zh

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    • H01L23/50—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor for integrated circuit devices, e.g. power bus, number of leads
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    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
    • H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
    • H01L21/4821—Flat leads, e.g. lead frames with or without insulating supports
    • H01L21/4828—Etching
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    • H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Lead Frames For Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Die Bonding (AREA)

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.201021186 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於適合組裝半導體元件之半導體封裝 基板或半導體裝置，尤其係有關於導線架基板及其製造方 法以及使用該導線架基板及其製造方法的半導體裝置。 【先前技術】 在由QFP(Quad Flat Package)所代表之使用導線架的 半導體封裝，用以和印刷配線基板連接的外導線係配置於 〇 半導體封裝的側面》 導線架於金屬板的雙面形成所要的光阻劑圖案，再從 雙面蝕刻，藉此，可得到半導體元件裝載部、屬於和半導 體元件電極之連接部的內導線、外導線、以及固定這些導 線的外框部。又，除了蝕刻工法以外，利用沖床的沖孔加 工亦可得到。 在有關半導體封裝的組立步驟方面，於半導體元件裝 載部打線接合半導體元件之後，使用金線等，電性連接半 ® 導體元件的電極和內導線。然後，對包含有內導線部的半 導體元件附近進行樹脂密封，裁斷外框部，並因應需要對 外導線施加彎曲加工。 然而，如此被設置於側面的外導線，從微細化的加工 性能來看，在約30mm正方的封裝尺寸，其接腳的限度爲 200 至 3 00 支。 近年來’隨著半導體元件的電極數增加，在側面具有 外導線之導線架型式的半導體封裝已無法應付端子數，部 201021186 分置換成 BGA (Ball Grid Aray 球格陣列）或 LGA (Land Grid A ray平面球格陣列）型式等在封裝基板底面將和印刷配線 基板的外部連接端子配置成陣列狀的半導體封裝。 這些所使用的基板，一般是以鑽頭對雙面貼銅玻璃環 氧樹脂基板鑽孔，並透過電鍍在孔內導通，一側面形成用 以和半導體元件之電極連接的端子，在另一側面形成排列 成陣列狀的外部連接端子。 可是，因爲這些基板之製造的步驟變得複雜、費用變 © 得昂貴，同時在基板內之配線連接使用電鍍，所以具有所 謂可靠性比導線架型式之封裝差的問題點。 因而，公開一種BGA型式的半導體封裝構造，其利 用將導線架從雙面蝕刻的步驟，並使用導線架（例如專利文 獻1)。 這是改變表裡之光阻劑的圖案，同時蝕刻，或者在蝕 刻一側後，將預模製樹脂塗布於蝕刻面表層後，從另一面 施加蝕刻，藉此，於一面形成半導體元件電極的連接端子， ® 並於另一面形成外陣列狀部連接端子。 [專利文獻] [專利文獻1]專利第364291 1號公報 【發明內容】 [發明所欲解決之課題] 第5A圖及第5B圖表示先前技術之導線架基板的剖 面圖。 在BGA型式的導線架，外部連接端子111的個數一 201021186 增加時，半導體元件電極連接端子109側的配線110變長。 此配線是將金屬板進行半蝕刻而製作，其寬度及厚度都 小，具有所謂在蝕刻以後的步驟發生折斷或彎曲而良率變 得很差的問題。 相對地，在例如專利文獻1所記載的技術公開，首 先，僅外部連接端子111側進行半蝕刻，在蝕刻面形成電 積聚醯亞胺層119後，以蝕刻形成半導體元件電極連接端 子109側。藉此，微細的配線110係由層薄膜之聚醯亞胺 ® 樹脂層119所載持，以避免在製作導線架時配線折斷或彎 曲。 可是，依據專利文獻1的技術，在將半導體元件裝載 於本構造之導線架基板，並利用打線接合方式連接半導體 元件電極和連接端子109時，因爲連接端子109的下部成 爲中空，所以線連接的力未作用，而發生連接不良，具有 顯著降低組立良率的問題點。 此外，（在專利文獻1雖未記載），在其他的對策方面， ® 亦想到一種技術，其替代電沈積聚醯亞胺層，而澆注預模 製樹脂，使樹脂層變厚。推測利用此對策可某程度地避免 接合不良的問題。可是，塗布量的調整很難，不是可完全 避免中空狀態者。 因而，若使用印刷技術對第2面塗布一定量的預模製 樹脂，則較均勻地形成樹脂層。雖然於外部連接端子上亦 形成樹脂層，但是因爲膜厚均勻，所以推測除去步驟變得 容易。 201021186 可是，在以往之外部連接端子11的構造（第6A圖、 第6B圖各自表示第1次蝕刻後的上視圖》)，如直徑約 200~400μιη、高度約100〜180μιη般體積很大，擔心這根據 印刷條件在印刷後將氣泡捲入樹脂層，而擔心生產時顯著 降低良率的問題點。 第6C圖表示印後後使熱硬化的外部連接端子附近之 樹脂層的狀態。如在第6Α圖〜第6C圖以模式所示，擔心 對印刷方向（以箭號D1表示）在超過外部連接端子處前形成 馨氣泡的問題點。 本發明係鑑於這種先前技術之問題點而發明者，其課 題在於提供一種可充分應付半導體元件之電極數的增加、 不會引起氣泡之混入、可靠性高以及可穏定地進行製作及 半導體封裝組立之導線架基板及其製造方法以及相關的半 導體裝置。 [解決課題之手段] 本發明之第1形態是一種導線架基板，其具備：具有 ® 第1面和第2面的金屬板；形成於該第1面之半導體元件 裝載部、半導體元件電極連接端子以及第1外框部；外部 連接端子，係形成於該第2面，並電性連接於該半導體元 件電極連接端子；形成於該第2面之第2外框部；以及形 成於該第1外框部和該第2外框部之間隙的樹脂層；該導 線架基板的特徵爲：於該樹脂層所埋設之該外部連接端子 的側面，至該第1面的側底部形成至少1處的突出部。 本發明之第2形態是一種導線架基板的製造方法，其 201021186 特徵爲：於金屬板的第1面形成半導體元件裝載部、半導 體元件電極連接端子、以及外框部；於該金屬板的第2面 形成光阻劑圖案，其用以分別形成和該半導體元件電極連 接端子連接的外部連接端子及外框部；用以形成該外部連 接端子之該光阻劑圖案係形成爲具有1處以上之突起狀的 圖案；於該第2面之金屬板所露出的金屬板露出部，利用 鈾刻形成未貫穿的孔部；對該孔部，從該外部連接端子朝 向突出部方向塗布液狀預模製樹脂後，加熱使其變硬，藉 β 此形成樹脂層；藉由蝕刻該第1面，而形成該半導體元件 裝載部、和該外部連接端子電性連接的該半導體元件電極 連接端子、以及外框部。 本發明之第3形態是一種半導體裝置，係導線架基 板，其具備：具有第1面和第2面的金屬板；形成於該第 1面之半導體元件裝載部、半導體元件電極連接端子以及 第1外框部；外部連接端子，係形成於該第2面，並電性 連接於該半導體元件電極連接端子；形成於該第2面之第 胃 2外框部；以及形成於該第1外框部和該第2外框部之間 隙的樹脂層；該半導體裝置之特徵爲：該導線架基板係於 該樹脂層所埋設之該外部連接端子的側面，至該第1面的 側底部形成至少1處的突出部；於該導線架基板，裝載半 導體元件，而且以打線接合方式構成該導線架基板和該半 導體元件之電性連接。 [發明之效果] 依據本發明，可將用以和印刷配線基板連接的外部連 201021186 接端子以陣列狀配置於導線架基板的整個背面，而可應付 半導體元件的多端子化。又，是以導線架爲基底的基板， 因爲未使用電鍍配線，所以可確保對熱應力的可靠性。 另一方面，在製作基板時，不會發生配線之折斷或彎 曲以及混入氣泡的不良，在是半導體封裝組立步驟的打線 接合時，因爲預模製樹脂層係以和外部連接端子表面同一 面的方式存在，故打線連接端子的下部可穏定地連接。 【實施方式】 © 第1A圖〜第1F圖表示本導線架基板之製程的示意剖 面。 於導線架所使用之金屬板1的雙面上形成光阻劑的 圖案2(第1B圖）。在第1人圖~第1F圖，於上面形成半導 體元件裝載部8、和半導體元件電極連接之連接端子9、配 線10以及外框部12的圖案，於金屬板1的下面形成外部 連接端子11及外框部的圖案。 而，本發明之實施形態如第2A圖所示，除了是所要 ® 之形狀的外部連接端子形成圖案（在此情況爲圓形）以外， 還預先適當地作入1處以上的突起部13。 以此光阻劑所製作之突起部13的圖案，設計成在後 面的蝕刻第2金屬面不會殘留。 突起部13的圖案一般可設定成寬度30μϊη以下、長 度1 ΟΟμιη以下。但是，受到形成孔部3的蝕刻條件及蝕刻 量的影響，因爲蝕刻後所殘留之金屬部分的大小和形狀會 變化，所以需要考慮此變化而預先使光阻劑圖案之突起部 201021186 13的尺寸變成最佳値。 作爲金屬板，雖然只要是具有作爲導線架的蝕刻加工 性、機械強度、導熱性以及膨脹係數等，則可使用任何材 料，但是常使用由42合金所代表之鐵一鎳系合金、或爲了 提高機械強度而添加各種金屬元素的銅系合金等。 使用氯化亞鐵液等將金屬板溶解的蝕刻液從下面蝕 刻，而形成孔部3(第1C圖）。因爲金屬板之殘留部最後成 爲配線，孔部3的深度殘留約10 μιη〜5 0 μιη厚較佳，使可在 β 從第2次之上面側的蝕刻時形成微細配線。 於外部連接端子形成於至少1處以上如第2Β圖、第 2C圖所示的突出部14。 第2C圖表示第2Β圖之Α2 — Α2間的剖面，突出部 14形成爲比第2面更低。第2Β圖表示突出部14形成1處 之狀態，第2D圖表示形成2處之狀態。
然後，使被蝕刻加工之金靥板的上下面顛倒，並在箭 號D5方向將液狀預模製樹脂5塗布於金屬板的上面（第1D ❹ W 圖）。 塗布是應用印刷技術，在生產性或品質上一般較佳。 作爲印刷方法，雖然只要可適當地厚塗布，任何方向都可， 但是一般以網印較佳。藉由印刷的方向在第2B圖之箭號 D2、第2D圖之箭號D3、D4的方向進行，而可使在預模製 樹脂的流動具有方向性，並防止氣泡的捲入。在塗布後將 預模製樹脂加熱，使其變硬（第1E圖）。 在印刷塗布後，因爲第2面均句地形成約數μηι的樹 201021186 脂層6(未圖示），所以需要除去樹脂層，使第2面露出。作 爲除去方法’可從乾飩刻、機械硏磨以及化學硏磨等作選 擇。 進而’蝕刻反面，形成半導體元件裝載部8、半導體 元件電極連接端子9以及配線1〇,而得到導線架基板7 (第 1F圖）》在第3圖表示外部連接端子側的上視圖。可陣列狀 地配置外部連接端子，而可應付半導體元件的多接腳化。 第4A圖表示已裝載半導體元件15並進行了打線接合 W 的剖面圖。利用晶元連接材料17貼黏半導體元件15，再 以金線16和半導體元件電極連接端子9連接。因應於需 要，而對半導體元件電極連接端子適當地施加鍍鎳-金、 鍍錫、鍍銀、或鍍鎳-鈀_金等任一種。 此外，在進行打線接合時，將本導線架基板放置於熱 塊上，並一面加熱一面進行接合，而預模製樹脂以同一面 位於半導體元件電極連接端子9的下部，又，因爲難產生 中空構造，所以不會產生接合不良之組立。 鲁 最後，利用傳送模或澆注劑（potting)將半導體元件側 密封，再以鑽石刀等使外框部分離，而作成小片（第48圖）。 若是BAG型式，將焊劑球裝載於外部連接端子，而 得到使用導線架基板的半導體封裝。 [實施例] 作爲應用本發明之實施形態的一例，使用第1A圖~ 第1F圖說明BGA (Ball Grid Aray ;球格陣列）型式的導線 架基板。 -10- 201021186 所製造之BGA的封裝尺寸是10 mm正方，並於封裝 下面具有168支接腳之陣列形的外部連接端子。 首先，如第1A圖所示，準備寬度爲150mm、厚度爲 200μιη之長條帶狀的銅合金製金屬板 1(古河電工製， EFTEC64T)。 接著，如第1Β圖所示，於金屬板1的雙面，以輥塗 布器將光阻劑（東京應化（股份公司）製，OFPR4000)塗布成 厚度5μιη後，以90°C進行前烘烤。 Φ 接著，經由具有所要之圖案的光罩從雙面進行圖案曝 光，然後，以1%碳酸鈉水溶液進行顯像處理後，進行沖水 及後烘烤，而得到第1B圖所示之光阻劑圖案2。 作爲光阻劑圖案，於第1面，形成用以形成半導體元 件裝載部8、半導體元件電極連接端子9、配線10以及外 框部12的圖案，於第2面形成用以形成具有突起部13 (第 2A圖）的外部連接端子11及外框部12的圖案。在此，突 起部13的形狀採用和外部連接端子接觸之寬度爲30 μπι、 ® 長度爲80μπι之等腰三角形的形狀》 然後，以保護片覆蓋並保護金屬板1的第1面側後（未 圖示），使用氯化亞鐵溶液自金屬板的第2面進行第1次的 蝕刻處理，使從第2面側的光阻劑圖案所露出的金屬板部 位的厚度薄至30μιη(第1C圖）。 又，可於外部連接端子側面形成長度約40μιη的突出 部14。所使用之氯化亞鐵溶液的比重設爲1.38、液溫爲 5 0°C · -11- 201021186 接著，對在第1次蝕刻已形成孔部的第2面，使用液 狀的熱硬化樹脂（信越化學（股份公司）製，SMC — 376KF1)， 進行網印塗布。印刷方向從無突出部14處向突出物的方向 進行（第1D圖）》 進而，以180°C進行硬化3小時，而形成預模製層13。 熱硬化樹脂的埋入性良好，未觀察到包含有氣泡的不良。 因爲在外部連接端子11、外框部12之未被蝕刻的面 上殘留約Ιμιη的熱硬化樹脂層，所以在60°C之過錳酸鉀的 ® 鹼性水溶液（40g/L過錳酸鉀+20g/L氫氧化鈉）進行處理約3 分鐘而除去。 接著，在除去第1面側的保護片後，利用氯化亞鐵溶 液自金屬板的第1面側施加第2次的蝕刻處理，溶解並除 去從光阻劑圖案所露出的金屬板部位，而形成半導體元件 裝載部8、半導體元件電極連接端子9、配線10以及外框 部12(第1E圖）。外部連接端子11從半導體元件電極連接 端子9延伸。 m w 此外，雖未圖示，爲了避免對下面側進行不要的蝕 刻，在第2次的蝕刻處理時預先將保護片等貼黏於第2面 側較佳。 接著，剝離第1面的光阻劑圖案2,而得到所要之導 線架型BGA基板7(第1F圖）。 然後，對在光阻劑剝離後所露出的金靥面，施加鍍電 解鎳—金。 鎳之厚度是5μιη，金之厚度是0·1μιη(未圖示）。 -12- 201021186 接著，使用晶元連接材料17將半導體元件15裝載於 本發明之導線架型BGA基板7，以150°C在1小時使晶元 連接材料變硬。進而，使用直徑30μιη的金線16，將半導 體元件的電極和半導體元件電極連接端子9進行打線連接 (第4Α圖）。 打線的加熱溫度以200°C進行，測定半導體元件電極 連接端子側之金線的拉力強度，有9g以上，得到良好的連 接。 ® 然後，如第4B圖所示，將包含有半導體元件電極連 接端子的區域進行傳送模密封，並裁成小片，而得到使用 導線架型BG A基板的半導體封裝。 [工業上的可應用性] 藉由使用本發明之導線架基板的製造方法，可得到降 低製造時的不良或半導體封裝組立時的不良，並提高對熱 應力之可靠性的導線架基板，尤其適用於以導線架型式之 半導體封裝無法應付的多接腳封裝基板。 ❹ W 【圖式簡單說明】 第1A圖係表示本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之製 造方法之一例的剖面圖。 第1B圖表示本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之製造 方法的一例，是在第1A圖之下一步驟的剖面圖。 第1C圖表示本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之製造 方法的一例，是在第1B圖之下一步驟的剖面圖。 第1D圖表示本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之製造 -13- 201021186 方法的一例，是在第1C圖之下一步驟的剖面圖。 第1E圖表示本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之製造 方法的一例，是在第1D圖之下一步驟的剖面圖。 第1F圖表示本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之製造 方法的一例，是在第1E圖之下一步驟的剖面圖。 第2A圖係表示在本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之 光阻劑圖案的上視圖。 第2B圖係表示在本發明之實施形態的導線架基板之 • 鈾刻後的上視圖。 第2C圖係在第2B圖的A2-A2剖面圖。 第2D圖係本發明之實施形態的其他例之導線架基板 之蝕刻後的上視圖。 第3圖係本發明之實施形態的導線架基板的一例，是 最初之蝕刻後的上視圖。 第4A圖係關於本發明之實施形態的導線架基板的一 例，裝載半導體元件並打線後的剖面圖。 ® 第4B圖係關於本發明之實施形態的導線架基板的一 例，已傳送模密封後的剖面圖。 第5A圖係表示以往之導線架基板的—例的剖面圖。 第5B圖係表示以往之導線架基板之其他例的剖面 圖。 第6A圖係以往之導線架基板的一'例，是外部連接端 子之最初之蝕刻後的上視圖。 第6B圖係以往之導線架基板的一例，是外部連接端 -14- 201021186 子之最初之蝕刻後的剖面圖。 第6C圖係以往之導線架基板的一例，是外部連接端 子之最初之鈾刻後，形成樹脂層後的上視圖。 【元件符號說明】 1 金屬板 2 光阻劑圖案 3 孔部 4 橡皮刮 ® 5液狀預模製樹脂 6 樹脂層 7 導線架基板 8 半導體元件裝載部 9 半導體元件電極連接端子 10配線 11外部連接端子 12外框部 W 1 3光阻劑突起圖案 14突出部 1 5半導體元件 16金線 1 7晶元連接材料 1 8傳送模製樹脂 19氣泡 -15-

Claims (1)

  1. 201021186 七、申請專利範圍： 1. —種導線架基板，其具備： 具有第1面和第2面的金屬板； 形成於該第1面之半導體元件裝載部、半導體元件 電極連接端子以及第1外框部； 外部連接端子，係形成於該第2面，並電性連接於 該半導體元件電極連接端子； 形成於該第2面之第2外框部；以及 φ 形成於該第1外框部和該第2外框部之間隙的樹脂 層； 該導線架基板的特徵爲： 於該樹脂層所埋設之該外部連接端子的側面，至該 第1面的側底部形成至少1處的突出部。 2. —種導線架基板的製造方法，其特徵爲： 於金屬板的第1面形成半導體元件裝載部、半導體 元件電極連接端子、以及外框部； φ 於該金屬板的第2面形成光阻劑圖案，其用以分別 形成和該半導體元件電極連接端子連接的外部連接端子 及外框部； 用以形成該外部連接端子之該光阻劑圖案係形成爲 具有1處以上之突起狀的圖案； 於該第2面之金屬板所露出的金屬板露出部，利用 蝕刻形成未貫穿的孔部； 對該孔部，從該外部連接端子朝向突出部方向塗布 液狀預模製樹脂後，加熱使其變硬，藉此形成樹脂層； -16- 201021186 藉由蝕刻該第1面，而形成該半導體元件裝載部、 和該外部連接端子電性連接的該半導體元件電極連接端 子、以及外框部。 3.—種半導體裝置，係導線架基板，其具備： 具有第1面和第2面的金屬板； 形成於該第1面之半導體元件裝載部、半導體元件 電極連接端子以及第1外框部； 外部連接端子，係形成於該第2面，並電性連接於 % 該半導體元件電極連接端子： 形成於該第2面之第2外框部；以及 形成於該第1外框部和該第2外框部之間隙的樹脂 層； 該半導體裝置之特徵爲： 該導線架基板係於該樹脂層所埋設之該外部連接端 子的側面，至該第1面的側底部形成至少1處的突出部； 於該導線架基板，裝載半導體元件，而且以打線接 φ 合方式構成該導線架基板和該半導體元件之電性連接。 -17-
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