TW200841250A - Reversibly deactivating a radio frequency identification data tag - Google Patents

Reversibly deactivating a radio frequency identification data tag Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200841250A
TW200841250A TW096145569A TW96145569A TW200841250A TW 200841250 A TW200841250 A TW 200841250A TW 096145569 A TW096145569 A TW 096145569A TW 96145569 A TW96145569 A TW 96145569A TW 200841250 A TW200841250 A TW 200841250A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
radio frequency
frequency identification
switch
circuit
antenna
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TW096145569A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey D Lindsay
Herb F Velazquez
Fung-Jou Chen
Eric F Wagner
John C Onderko
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Kimberly Clark Co
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Publication of TW200841250A publication Critical patent/TW200841250A/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07345Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by activating or deactivating at least a part of the circuit on the record carrier, e.g. ON/OFF switches
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G06K19/0717Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07758Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07766Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
    • G06K19/07767Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the first and second communication means being two different antennas types, e.g. dipole and coil type, or two antennas of the same kind but operating at different frequencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Description

200841250 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明一般來說是關於射頻識別(RFID)標籤領域。更明 確地說,本發明是關於使用一或多個射頻識別標籤的系統及方 法。 【先前技術】 射頻識別(RFID )技術通常指的是含有與至少一天線有電 子通訊之數據電路(例如,半導體晶片)的小型標籤,其中在 該數據電路中所編碼的資訊可無線傳輸至一外部讀取器。射頻 識別標籤可以是被動式(不需内部電源供應,而依賴從一無線 ,電射頻源經由天線所接收之能量,以便運作並傳送信號)成主 •動式(包含一電池當做是電源)。射頻識別電路可配合雙極性 天線運作,或可感應地耦合(例如,包含線圈天線),或可採 其他已知方式運作(例如,與電極電耦合)。此等標籤可嵌埋 或附著至一產品或材料,以傳遞可由讀取器讀取的資訊。一般 來說,射頻識別標籤(也稱為智慧標籤)包括一數據電路與一 • 天線。更明確地說,智慧標籤可包括一半導體裝置,一螺旋、 蝕刻或衝壓天線,一電容器,以及一基板以供各組件黏著或嵌 埋於其上。可用一保護性的包覆材封裝並密閉該基板。射頻識 別設計的原理可參見Klaus Finkeeenzeller所著《射頻識別手 冊》(RFID Handbook: West Sussex, England: John Wiley and
Sons,2003 ),尤其是第1至59頁。 一般來說,射頻識別系統包括讀取器及標籤,其中標籤因 應由讀取器而來的電子信號而產生電磁反應。反應信號由讀取 器讀取,就被動標籤來說可讀取距離通常是數英尺,不過也可 5 C:\©Eunkx 2008@\ΡΚ-ωΐ-09ΨΚ-ωΐ·0968ΨΚ-ωΐ·0968-5ρί· Tsud.Doc 200841250 能是較廣或較窄的範園。由 或含有該標籤之物件的資^二產生信號包含可識別該標籤 饮如… 、° 、丨』如’電子產品碼)。 預期射頻識別標 引入某些供應鍊中以供追跸產σ品中將變得無處不在,並已 識別標籤確保產品及包“二統並不用射頻 私權進大一眾步害術之‘主要:是客戶的, 被濫用,這導致實施射頻識別之努訊有可能 統無法以機械方式停用射頻識別樟“ ’現有系 頻識別技術有關的客戶利益。—氟亚再啟動,同時保持與射 以便具有射頻識別之I置财技術缺乏-種方法 減少盜用或濫用機密資訊:危險。τ描時容許使用者控制,以 個人控制射頻識別存取 用」的考量中更為明顯,i中備有射f近來對於「射頻識別盜 標籤中所包含的資訊。這可包 ::田=齡’像是具射頻識別機制的護照、機实 节,用來存取別機制的信用卡、具射頻識別機制的行動電 ΐ別隊戶或以某帳戶扣款的具有射頻識別機制之射頻 的方ΐ \〜卡。現有技術缺乏1簡單、便利且(或)低廉 tfl有射頻識別機制的裝置會被別人掃描時容許使 用者控制,以減少盜用或濫用機密資訊的危險。 【發明内容】 在一具體實施例中,本發明的觀點包括用於減少一物件之 非必要掃描風險的祕。更明確地說,本發明—具體實施例包 括-射頻識別(RFID)電路,其具有_射頻識別晶片、一天 C:\@EuniceX08©'PK-W1-(m>K-Wl-096S^K-001-0968-Spe-TsueLDoc 6 200841250 線用於發射並接收由一外部射頻識別掃描器而來的射頻信 號、一連線結合天線以及射頻識別晶片,以及一開關^例如, 對環境敏感者)與該射頻識別電路的至少一部分通_。運作 時’右*開關的狀悲疋關閉則該射頻識別電路的掃描質實上停 用,而且若開關的狀態是開啟則掃描被啟用。舉例來說,開關 的狀態可由能夠被使用者選擇性控制的環境因素決定。 其他型式中’本發明的觀點包括在一射頻識別電路中的個 人防護物件。該射頻識別電路包括一開關,例如該開關可對與 馨該物件之使用方式有關的環境狀態反應。當該物件適當地穿戴 時射頻識別標籤被啟用,而且當該物件處於顯示出不適當使用 的組態時可被停用。 此處所提出的新發明總結是以簡化形式介紹一此觀點,將 在以下的實施方法一節中進一步說明。此處的新發明總結並不 是要指出所申請主體的關鍵特徵或基本特徵,也不是要用來協 助判定所申請主體的範圍。 其他特徵將有部分為顯而易見,並有部分將在下文中指 Φ 出。 【實施方式】 本發明的具體實施例一般來說是關於射頻識別(RFID ) 標籤領域。更明確地說,本發明的具體實施例是關於使用一或 多個射頻識別標籤的系統及方法,以供用於定位、篡改债測, 以及使用者隱私。本文所提出的具體實施例也處理保全及安全 的其他方面,包括避免射頻識別盜用或非必需的讀取射頻識別 標藏,特別是與機後賓訊、金融帳戶或保全文件有關者。進一 7 C'mmice msmPKWl ·Ό9\ΡΚ-001 侧屮咖娜细-細如 200841250 步的具體實施例是關於個人防護、身體安全、 合,以及類似事項。 王、與安全程序的配 己有❹努力要保護消費者不受產品 今_篡改的責任—般都得依靠消費者 ^=然而’至 的完整性或是否出現篡改跡象,像是瓶蓋的二負貝',包裝 彈出。許多消費者並未受過偵測篡改的訓練,或=== 發生篡改的跡象。在某些例子中,篡改者可^ 或指標。就大多數產品而言’一般來說市場上
Γ=娜改並在被篡改產品販賣給消費者= 除。現有錢無法提供具有纽自動㈣的篡改侧包裝材 料。 某些現有系、统包括具有可檢測標記損I或移除的具射頻 識別機制標記,如美國專利申請案號2004/0066296所述,其 名稱為「具追踪能力的篡改偵測射頻識別標記(ATamper Indicating Radio Frequency Identification Label with Tracking
Capability )」,由 Peter Atherton 提出並讓與 Mikoh
Corpomtion。此技術包括「存根」智慧標記,當標記被移除或 破損時可發出信號。該等標記具有連至射頻識別電路的脆弱導 線。篡改這些標記導致射頻識別電路失效,或造成一特定程式 碼被寫入射頻識別晶片而可由電路系統偵測。例如,以此方式 使用射頻識別技術偵測與偷電有關的電錶箱篡改。然而,現有 技術是依靠在標記中的單獨射頻識別標籤,其中該標籤會因篡 改永久失效或篡改導致一新的識別碼被寫入昂貴的可寫入射 頻識別標籤。現有系統無法使用兩個或更多射頻識別晶片或兩 200841250 個或更多天線,以容許停用一射頻識別信號並且啟用 力一射頻 識別信號,以保留射頻識別技術的消費者利益。
由EPC Global為產品標籤設的標準要求晶片具有一開 關,其可由一程式瑪啟用以破壞該標鐵。破壞標鐵通常扑的θ 使用電子程式碼或其他方式停用晶片本身,或至少移除^抹= 儲存在該標籤中的數據(例如,電子產品碼)。然而,破壞= 籤可除去可透過射頻識別技術而得到的所有或某些功能以 優點(例如消費者的利益,像是產品自動化登記,其他物件與 所購買項目的自動化交互作用,所購買物件使用射頻識別系統 的消費者追踪和編目,以及自動化的安全系統)。 本發明的觀點提供負載感應、定向感應、產品與包裝篡改 的偵測,以及與射頻識別(RFID)技術有關的使用者穩私。 本發明的具體實施例包括易受外部環境因素影響的射頻識別 標籤’像是標籤定位、對標籤某部分施加壓力、光亮與否或其 t因素,以致於該標籤停用,除非符合適當的環境或其他條、 件。在-具體實施射,射頻朗電路包含對環境 =關,以胁當_開啟時該電路開放且標籤並不運作:或 時,標籤可载正許多的信號。當開關關閉 Μ。θ ^ π Γ吊強度運作並可快速由射頻識別掃描器偵 :圈接或間接置於射頻識別晶片與天線(例如,- 電路中的其合:頻識別標籤)之間,或可置於射頻識別 、表。ιίι本徑、或可與射頻識別晶片本身以内的組件相 性地_ 情識別標籤的㈣可藉由選擇 天線以致於當標藏被遮蔽時很難或不可能掃描,或是當遮蔽 9 C:\munice 2(Μ@\ΡΚ-ωΐ-09ΨΚ-ωΐ·(»68\ΡΚ-ωΐ-<»68-5ρ6-Τ$υα.Οα: 200841250 方法(例如’-環境反應式遮蔽方法)並未遮蔽該標籤時 快地被讀取。此類遮蔽方法可包括(但並不限於) 因又 :向而滑入或滑出受遮蔽區域的組件,或一遮蔽可 重力场的定向或因應於物件中—組件與另—組 1、 移至射頻識別標籤之天線之上或附近。 對疋向
在一具體實施例中,此標籤可為護照、知 或其他具有射頻朗機制的裝置當中的射機密文件 分,以致於除非處於適當狀況(例如,#、=系統之-部 描儲存於射頻識別裝置#中—或多_=件)無法立即掃 舉例來嗲,|古士 、、識別晶片内的資訊。 頻識別掃描器迅速掃描,除非 ^統的護照可用傳統射 反置,或除非該護照完全打開以藉t 或除非該護照被 射頻識別系統包括—電路,其包含相關閉-連線。此類 地開啟或關_電㈣則或停科容許使用者選擇性 負载敏感的機械式開關、一定向敏感;,描。該電路可包括一 件,以致於在—項或更多下述條件’或任何其他開關構 用.§亥具有射_別的裝置並未適當〜頻識別電路是沒有作 一負載或未受m分該裝該裝置的-部分受 合預先設定的判別標準。 衣的定向或位置並不符 牛例來"尤,當護照閤起來時該言雈昭 用由於-開關鮮於該護照封面 ❼射頻識別電路可停 感。開啟護照叫祕減使外目^其封底平面之定向敏 另外’掃n照可包括壓下制 為可&。二者擇一或 關閉電路’並(或)垂直握持其 。P分’其包含-開關以 王匈反狀以允許重力敏感的 10 200841250 滑動或浮動元件移動以製造導體之間的電接觸,以關閉電路或 允許天線移出被遮蔽位置以使掃描成為可能。 在一具體實施例中,啟用濩照以供射頻識別掃描可包括使 用混合電路配上一系列開關的機構動作之組合,像是定向敏咸 開關和壓敏開關,當此兩者啟用時均使得掃描成為可能。其他 開關像是光敏開關也被視為屬於本發明一具體實施例的範 疇。在此一具體實施例中,射頻識別電路停用,直到某個強度 或具其他特徵的光線照射到一部分的護照,因此造成閤起或^ • 口袋内的護照通常無法被掃描到。光敏開關的原理揭示於美國 專利序號4,356,4G5 ;美目專利序號5,H4,286 ;美國專利序號 5,463,205以及美國專利序號6,743,988。 〜 裝材料的適當裝載或定向,以 誤用時偵测出來。舉例來說, 此類概念可擴展並應用於不僅是智慧卡及其他機密文 件,也可應用於-般的貨品及包裝材料。舉例來說,射頻識別 電路中易又%境影響的開關可用來追踪貨物並確保貨物及包 ,以減少產品篡改的風險並當產品被
可運用 η C:\@Emi〇s 2Ο08©ΨΚ-001·ϋ9ΨΚ-ωΐ-0968ΨΚΛ 200841250 護目鏡腳(也就是置於耳上的侧邊元件)相對於鏡框或鏡片的 定向,以啟用或停用一個或更多射頻識別電路。 在另一具體實施例中,具有射頻識別標籤的面罩包含一負 载敏感開關,此開關僅在圍繞耳朵或頭以固定面罩的彈性部分 緊繃時可啟用一射頻識別電路。缺少指出該產品已被適當 的指示,射頻識別為主的安全性符合監測系統可避免一使用者 進入,或以其他方或指出該使用者並未適當遵循安全要求。 舉例來說’若射頻識別掃描判定一工人缺少或未適當穿戴 •防護物件,可發出一聽覺或視覺警告,或限制或拒絕進I一^ 多個特定工作區域,或可發出電子郵件警告給督導,等等。 相對於可附著的標記,本發明的其他具體實施例包括偵測 產品篡改並可直接植入產品或產品包裝材料的射頻識別系 統,或具有直到發生篡改一直沒有作用的低成本被動唯讀射頻 識別標籤。此類系統允許篡改的自動化偵測,並克服先前技蓺 的某些限制。 θ 本發明的更另外一些具體貫施例包括含有常在射頻識別 _ 標籤的產品及產品包裝材料,該等標籤與可移除天線相連以保
遵使用者隱私而不必由一微晶片移除電子產品碼。 N 在一具體實施例中,本發明包括藉由負載或定向或使用者 控制而機械式地啟用或停用一射頻識別(RFID)標籤。更明 確地說,本發明包括如第一圖與第二圖所示的一負載敏感射頻 識別電路,如第三圖所示的一定向敏感射頻晶片容器,具有兩 個如第四圖所示之射頻識別晶片的篡改偵測容器,以及具有如 第五圖所示之可移除天線的一射頻標籤。射頻識別晶片也可與 12 ρ^·〇〇1-0968ΨΚ-ωΐ.〇968-3^ά.Οο〇 200841250 非接觸式的可移除天線配合聯結,其經 供能量,如第六圖所示。 八 | %式耗合或振盪提 就頻識別(RFTD、 射頻識別智慧標籤技術為熟習本技龜 此詳細解釋並不是為了依據本發明^斤==解,對 需。藉由射頻制或其他智慧標籤技術,商方法的描述所必 與某-批原物料赌起來,絲物理雜㈣=獨碼
,在此與識別碼關聯。若製造廠收到原料貨運,射二綱: “可自動地掃描該射頻識別晶片並由資料庫中取出^目關次T :如::有用的原料已在正確的處所接收到’提供品質資: 可用來追縱區分成不同層次的產品:⑴供 4費者購貝的個別物品或包含多個物品的單_包| ^人 多個物品的紙盒或紙箱;(3)多個紙盒或紙箱的貨板;: :個貨板的裝載量(例如,一車之量、一船之量、,或一火車(上 ,)。各廣次的產品可被指派—射頻識別標記,該標記連結到 共至少-相鄰階層有關的資訊。舉例來說,在一貨板上的一射 頻標記可連結至-資料庫,⑽料上各贱盒之射頻識別標 C ’或可連結局於由該f車裝载量之射頻識職記的資料。 回應環条件的射頻識別標籤可有助於避免不當儲存及 運輪條件,尤其是對於以紙為主的包裝材料,像是可能對溼氣 敏感或當不當負載或定向時的瓦楞紙或紙板。舉例來說,對於 像是食物、飲料、農產品、乳製品還有生物材料像是細菌、酵 素Μ生物活體植物以及植物樣本、活體動物或昆蟲等等的 易腐物品,包裝材料或包裝之内容物所處環境的適當環境監測 13 钿獅 φ副猶 SpeTs此iD〇c 200841250 及運輸期間的改良 可忐會很重要。危險及毒性材料也可由錯疒 環境條件監測獲益。 ^ 識別標籤’包括主動射頻識別 識別標籤,以及半被動射頻識別標藏。主動射 頻識職LX電池供給能㈣裝置,料送—錢至一讀取
,並=常具有長測距’像L尺或更多。被動射頻識別標 戴亚未有电池供給能量’而是從—射頻朗讀取器由電磁波獲 取能量。被動射韻職籤錄具有纟g 1GX或更少的測距。 t被動射頻識別標籤運用電池以操作一晶片電路,但依靠由一 讀取器而來的電磁波為所發送信號供給能量。 沒類晶片可以是唯讀晶片,其包含一固定電子程式碼,或 可以是可讀寫晶片,其允許增添新資訊。該等晶片也可與感測 态%結以碩取感測器資訊,並因應該資訊傳送一信號,像是由 一生物感測器取得的數值。舉例來說,相關射頻識別或具有感 測器的相關無線識別技術的原理,描述於2003年12月16曰 頒給Breed等人的美國專利第6,662,642號《汽車無線感測及 通信系統》,併入本文列為參考,其亦討論用於辨認出射頻識 別晶片位置的方法。 射頻識別標鐵製造商的範例包括Matrics、Alien
Technology、Philips Semiconductor,以及 Texas Instruments 〇 製造可用自動機械化技術(例如,「覆晶」/「選放」技術)、 流體自組裝(FSA)、Philips的「I型連接」或philips「振動 組裝j方法,或其他已知程序。射頻識別讀取器製造商的範例 包括 Intemec Technologies、Symbol Technologies、Matrics、 AWID (例如,以多個頻率運作的多協定讀取器),以及其他。 14 C:mrnce20〇mmWl^KWl-〇^^-OOl-(m-Spe-Tsuei.D〇c 200841250 支援射頻識別系統的軟體系統是由IBM Global Services (其已 併得 PriceWaterhouseCoopers)、Texas Instruments、Manhattan Associates (尤其是用於整合供應鍊的實施)、SAP以及其他 廠商所提供。印刷的射頻識別標記可用由Zebra Technologies 及其他供應商取得的設備製作。 射頻..識別技1 好及天線設計的一般原理 天線可用已知的的任何方法製造,包括金屬沉積、導電油 墨印刷等等。例如,射頻識別標籤可採用RCD Technologies 馨 (Bethlehem,Pennsylvania )的導電油墨技術。天線可用任何 已知格式印製,舉例來說,並可包含雙面、互連線圈。任何已 知頻率皆可運用,像是1〇〇千赫或125千赫(「低頻」),13.56 兆赫(「高頻」),860-930兆赫像是900兆赫或915兆赫(「超 高頻」或UHF)以及2.45千兆赫或5·8千兆赫(微波頻率), 或其他已知頻率。 射頻識別系統可依循MIT Auto_ID Center所揭示的系統, 包括使用一電子產品碼(EPC); —系統以分散式架構及程序 • 管理被讀取的代碼,像是資料平滑、讀取機協調、資料轉遞、 資料儲存’以及任務安排;以及物件名稱服務(〇HS)用於將 EPC與物品資訊配合,通常是用一領域名稱服務(0NS)將電 腦設定路由至網際網路站台;實體標示語言(PML)用來描述 關於一產品的資訊。
整合式射頻識別系統或其他用於射頻識別之工具的其他 供應商包括· Checkpoint Systems、Tyco Sensormatic、Escort Memory Systems、Psion Teklogix (尤其是為了幫助貨運的軟 體系統)、SAMSys Technologies、Savi Technology、SCS 15 C:\©Eunice 20〇8©ΨΚ-001-09ΨΚ-ωΐ0968ΨΚ-ωΐ-0968-5ίΧ· TsudDoc 200841250
Corporation、TAGSYS、ThingMagic LLC,以及其他。供應鍊 軟體可由 Crimson Software、Descartes Systems、ΕΧΕ Technologies、Globe Ranger、Manhattan Associates、IBM Global
Services、SAP等等所提供。這些商業系統是適用於追踪由本 發明之感測器所提供的額外資訊,並因應所測得問題(例如無 荷重)啟動校正動作。 可想而知,尚有許多其他技術與本文之射頻識別具體實施 例具相同意義並(或)為等價。舉例來說,射頻識別讀取器可 Φ 用掃描器、影像分析裝置、化學偵測裝置陣列以及類似物取換。 屬於本發明範臂的相關技術之一是表面聲波(Surface
Acoustic Wave,SAW)技術。舉例來說,inf0Ray (Cambridge, Massachusetts)銷售一種被動智慧標籤,號稱可用在一晶片上 的表面聲波裝置配上一天線而獲致長測距(最遠達30公尺)。 SAW裝置將無線電信號轉換成聲波,以識別碼調變,然後將 之轉變成其他無線電信號由智慧標籤發射並由掃描器讀取。智 慧標籤的識別碼是由該無線電信號攫取。RFSAW,Inc. ( Dallas, φ Texas)也提供可用於本發明範疇内的小型表面聲波(saw) 射頻識別裝置。SAW裝置的示範例揭示於2003年6月16曰 公開的美國專利公告案US20030111540A1,《具有加強資料 内容的表面聲波識別標籤及其操作與製造方法(Surface Acoustic Wave Identification Tag Having Enhanced Data
Content and Methods of Operation and Manufacture Thereof)》, 由Hartmann所提出。 另一相關技術是超寬頻(ultra-wide band,UWB )技術。 UWB技術允許使用低能量電磁傳輸在物件之間無線通訊。然 16 C\@£unice200g@lPA'-00J-09lPKWI-O9^\PK-00I-(»6S-Spe-Tsua.Doc 200841250 而,接收與傳送一般都是主動但極少量電源,通常是小於無線 射頻噪音,其係依靠涵蓋廣濶頻寬的間歇脈衝而不是以一特定 頻率傳送。相較於其他無線標準,像是藍芽品牌的電腦通信服 務或電子與電機協會(IEEE) 802.11a或802.11b,UWB技術 可提供更高的空間容量(每單位面積的資訊發送)。 作為負載感測器或定向感测器的射頻識別標籤 首先參照第一圖,顯示的是依本發明一具體實施例之系統 的示範具體實施例,其包括能夠由負載或定向或使用者控制而 • 機械式地被停用並啟用的一數據標籤。在一特定具體實施例 中,該發明包括改進的射頻識別標籤,其包含一負載敏感機械 式開關(102),當一包裝並未適當定向或當該包裝並未裝載產 品時,該開關使一信號能被傳送。該負載敏感開關包括圓頂狀 開關或其他已知的負載敏感開關。然而,使用者啟用的射頻識 別電路之開啟一關閉切換可用任何已知方式達成。 或著,在一具體實施例中,本發明的開關排除可由人類手 指輕易操作的開關,但是卻可安排其位置以致於手指接觸並不 • 能輕易操作該開關,或可能需要大於可由手指輕易施加的負載 (例如,大於約10磅或大於約30磅)。在一可替換的具體實 施例中,該系統並不依靠一壓力敏感的機械式開關,而是運用 本文所揭示的其他機構。 第一圖顯示一射頻識別標記(104)的範例,其中一負載敏 感開關(102)將一射頻識別晶片(106)接合至一天線(108)。當一 負載壓縮該開關(102),射頻識別標記(104)被啟動以致於因應 一射頻識別讀取器以一適當頻率掃描而傳送晶片(106)中的資 訊。若該負載被移除,由於不適當的回應信號而無法由傳統讀 17 C:\©Eunice 2008©\PKWl^KWl-096S\PKWl-0968-Spe- Tsuei.Doc 200841250 取器讀取該射頻墻2ϊ| B u ,ir^、^ Q 、貝硪別晶片(106)。在一具體實施例中,開關(I❹2) 是-機械式開關。閤上及開啟關(1()2)分別啟用以及停用射 頻識別晶片(1〇6)和天線(1〇8)。或者,閤上及開啟開關⑽)分 別停用以及啟用射頻識別晶片(106)和天線(108)。啟用射頻識 別晶片(106)和天線(1 〇8)使得射頻識別晶片(106)和天線(1 〇8) 此夠傳輸(也就是發射或接收)資料(例如,傳至一掃描器或 讀取器或詢問器)。在一具體實施例中,傳輸資料包括藉由一 或多個射頻信號發射或接收一或多個射頻識別碼或其他識別 資訊。 參照第二圖,依本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體實 施例包括具有兩射頻識別標籤(2〇4、206)的一盒子(202)。當盒 子(202)處於適當定向時,若該負載敏感開關由盒子(2〇2)的内 容物所施加之負載所壓下,盒子(202)底部的一負載感測標籤 (206)被啟動。若盒子(202)反轉,盒子(202)中的物品不再擠壓 負載敏感射頻識別標籤(206),造成該負載敏感射頻識別標籤 (206)被停用。圖中可見第二射頻識別標籤(204)(例如,一傳 統射頻識別標籤)安裝在盒子(202)的侧邊。第二射頻識別標 籤(204)並非負載敏感,並且不管盒子(202)的定向發送識別資 訊。 或者,第二射頻識別標籤(204)可安裝在盒子頂端並可進 一步為負载敏感,以致於第二射頻識別標籤(204)的運作是指 示盒子被置於其上方的其他物品壓垮或過度裝載。藉由適當地 配置開關以及相關電路,出現超過一預定閥限的負載啟用或停 用第二射頻識別標籤(204)。 18 200841250 在另一具體實施例中,一微機電系統(MEMS)裝置或其 類似品充作是可與一射頻識別電路或標記相連的定向偵测 器。舉例來說,一微機電系統裝置可包括小型重力敏感電路, 像是在一盒中有一小而未固定的導電板或導電球,以致於當該 盒位於預先決定的定時時允許重力拉動該板或球與導線接 觸;否則,該電路保持開啟。因此,一小型定向感測器只有在 該標記位於預先設定的定向時允許一射頻識別標籤產生一信 號。此一定向感測器可在負載感測器之外,或與負載感測器串 聯操作。若定向感測器是與一負載敏感開關串聯,當負載不存 在或定向錯誤時射頻識別信號被阻斷(或大為減少)。另外或 除此之外,若定向感測器及負載感測器是在相同電路内,由該 負載敏感電路產生帶有第一射頻識別碼的第一射頻信號,且由 該負載敏感電路產生帶有第二射頻識別碼的第二射頻信號。 可調適於本發明之射頻識別電路之内的定向敏感開關,其 進一步的範例包含美國專利第5,701,900號,併入本文作為參 考。雖然已知水銀出現在多種定向敏感開關當中,原本為水銀 所發展出的某些開關設計也可使用其他導電液體。舉例來說, 可使用在懸浮液中至少由鐵為主之顆粒或其他金屬所組成的 磁性流體或磁變流體。 一般來說,有多種已知的定向感測器或開關(包括通常稱 為傾斜儀的裝置)可用來啟用或停用一射頻識別電路。本發明 可配上任何形式、數量、類型或的開關操作,包括純機械式、 半機械式、電磁式、奈米、分子、生物、光敏、顆粒、放射性, 或其類似品。
α\©Ευπΐεε2ω8@ΨΚ·ωΐ-09\ΡΚ-ωΐ·0%8ΨΚ-ωΐ-0968-Spe-Tsud.DOC 19 200841250 另一具體實施例中,兩電路與兩不同射頻識別標籤之間的 MEMS重力敏感開關或一負載敏感開關,以致於若有負載或適 當定向出現時,射頻識別掃描器將讀取由第一射頻識別標籤來 的信號,分別指示容器位於具有一負載或適當定向的狀態。若 未出現負載或定向不恰當,啟用第二射頻識別標籤而停用第一 標籤。如此一來,掃描一包裝將可讀到由兩射頻識別標籤其中 之一傳來的信號,提供關於該包裝究竟在兩狀態之中哪一項的 資訊。這些連接的射頻識別標籤配對有多組可用來評估負載狀 態以及定向狀態,以及其他狀態。舉例來說,MEMS加速計亦 可用來觸發竊盜偵測。或者,兩標籤都可為容器所經歷情況的 函數而有效或無效。 射頻識別標籤(204、206)可獨立地與容器成整體,或與用 於個別產品的包裝材料成整體。射頻識別標籤(2〇4、206)可採 實質上永久的方法(例如,藉由黏著劑、夾在黏性結合的次層 之間。或嵌合)固定地附著至容器或包裝材料,或可能是可移 除地附著。 在一具體實施例中,使用者啟用的開關是一重力啟用裝 置,其中該射頻識別晶片僅在該物件持於預先設定的定向時才 能被掃描。第三圖巾顯示的具體實施射顯示—充滿液體的小 圓筒(302)或其他容器,其中當該圓筒(3〇2)正確對齊時,密度 比液體(306)更高或更低之射頻識別晶片(3〇4)(以及整合式天 線)就能夠沉(或浮)至該圓筒⑽)的射頻可露出部分,但 其中反轉®筒(3〇2)導致射頻識別晶片(綱)沿晶片運動轴(31〇) 移動而進人圓筒(302)的遮罩部分,贿於射頻朗晶片(3〇4) 由於圓筒(302)上的鮮(308)而不再能被掃i舉例來說,該 ,>1-〇9\ΡΚ-ω}-0968ΨΚ-ωΐ·096$·Βρσ-Τ$υ6ίΟα: 20 200841250 液體可為油、水、洒掉、n 、t 可為空氣或其咖精/—=^=输液體’或 鐵鹽或其他適當的遮罩材料構成如,有;g 8)疋由亞 磁導率的軟質雜合金)。_小瓶^長;2度初始及最大 厘並可很容易地嵌入_產品的塑膠組件:二f級:為T干公 部。依昭附荖JL曰y βΓΜ、 ·、’_ .:二々著至一產品的内 依…附者至曰曰片_的天線大小, 測距可足夠短以避免未經授權的掃描。 〗日日片(3〇4)的 兩者擇一或除此之外,該射頻 ^ ,Β , (304)#% 1別日K nruw梦n 、"員遮罩(308)的移動可與射頻 識別曰曰片(304)的移動相關或分開。在另—具體實施例中 頻識別晶片(304)相對於圓筒⑽)的位置μ,而射頻 (3〇;8)能相對於固定的射頻識別晶片(3()4)移動,以便啟用和停 用该射頻晶片(3 04)的通訊。 另-具體實施例中,兩個或更多具有獨特射頻識別碼的傳 統射頻識別標籤安裝在-包裝或箱子的兩個或更多相對表面 上,使得二角測量或近感法能夠實施以判定箱子的定向。以射 頻識別進行三角測量以及相關原理揭示於2〇〇4年2月%曰由 Kenny等人提出的美國專利公告案號2〇〇4〇〇36595《物體循跡 (Object Tracking)》,其併入本文參考。兩個或更多掃描器 實夤上相連結以貫施射頻識別三角測量,允許該系統判定箱子 上哪一個射頻識別標籤隶南。或者,用單一射頻識別掃描器(包 括「智慧貨架」)以判定哪個射頻識別標籤最靠近,此係依據 一信號的延遲時間,或藉由改變所發射信號的強度並由於掃描 信號能量由低至高陡增,判別包裝上的兩個或更多射頻識別標 籤之中哪個要最先掃描,第一個發射出可讀取信號作為回應的 21 ^(miPKWl-im-Six-Tsuei.Doc 200841250 射頻識別彳示籤,通常可假設其為最靠近的標籤。接著可此知識 判定包裝的定向。 可用第一圖之架構以射頻識別技術探測的其他狀態包括 裱境條件,像是該包裝或容器的溼度及溫度。一射頻識別回應 天線可連接至具有感測器(像是溫度敏感或溼度敏感黏劑或連 結)的一射頻識別晶片,以致於暴露於不適當的高溫或溼度可 觸發該黏著劑鬆開並且因此開啟電路。或者,一開關元件可依 據溫度或屋度在兩狀態之間移動或偏向,容許一開關在兩射頻 _ 電路間連接以致於由掃描器所讀取到的射頻識別碼可識別容 器是處在兩狀態的哪一個。以可依據容器之狀態讀取的多重射 頻識別晶片,可設計出更複雜的電路以涵蓋多重溫度範圍、負 載範圍,以及其類似環境變數。一個單獨的標記可包括一或多 個連結在一起的射頻識別電路,或能夠偵測複數個狀態(負 載、定向、溼度,等等)的複數個射頻識別標籤。舉例來說, 一單獨包裝、紙盒或箱子包括以電路相連的多重射頻識別晶片 以供在一次通過時讀取,以取得多個細節,像是該包裝是否有 一負載、包裝是否溼度超過50〇/❹,以及(或)包裝是否上下顛倒。 籲由該包裝取得的資訊可與一客戶品質控制系統連繫。此類溫度 及溼度感測器為本技藝所熟知。舉例來說,可參見由
Paratore 等人擁有的美國專利第6,294,997號,標題為《具有計時以及 壞境模組的射頻識別標鐵(RJFID Tag Having Timing and Enviroment Modules)》。 進一步’第一圖所繪出的開關亦可為具有至少兩樣態的任 何元件。舉例來說,各種樣態配對可包括通電與斷電、開啟與 22 σΛ@Ευηϊ〇62^@ΨΚ^1-09ΨΚ-001·0968ΨΚ·ΰΟΙ·0968-5ρε-Τ3υα^ 200841250 關閉、發送與不發送、可偵測傳送與不可偵測傳送(例如 過遮罩),以及超過閥限的數值與未達閥限的數值。 用於-篡改盘湏 /本發明也包括射頻識別系統以偵測產品篡改。這些射頻識 別系統包括低成本的被動唯讀射頻識別標鐵,其在篡改發=之 前係不作用。本發明的具體實施例可直接植入產品a :⑼ 材料,或可附著標記。 座 匕衣 在-範例中(圖中未顯示)’可見一單獨射頻識別晶片附 著至-篡改偵測瓶或其他容器(例如,内嵌在瓶子本身的塑膠 中,或黏附至一表面,像是内部表面難以移除之處),並有一 天線附著至該瓶的瓶蓋或其他閉合裝置。射頻識別晶片以易受 損的導線(例如,微小的印刷導線)連接至天線,以形成當該 瓶被開啟時會破損的篡改偵測密封。該等導線可伸入瓶蓋内部 表面,或可連結至該瓶盍的外部。該等導線是印刷的導電油墨 或其他材料。篡改一包裝(例如,移除瓶蓋)破壞射頻識別晶 片與天線之間的導電路徑連通,以致於該晶片被停用並不再能 # 被掃描。也就是說,若瓶蓋被移除,導線破損且射頻識別晶片 被停用。不能傳回一射頻識別信號的瓶子被拒絕。舉例來說, 在結帳時或盤點期間,掃描瓶子以確保射頻識別系統未受損。 天線中的導線以及導電材料可用任何已知技術製造,包括 揭示於美國專利公告案號US20020252605A1的方法,標題為 《用於形成射頻反射式通路的方法及系統(Method and System for Forming RF Reflective Pathways )》,其係由 Debraal 在 2002 年10月24日公開;以及2002年10月31日由Debmal所公 開的WO 2002/086910A2,標題為《用於形成導電通路的方法 〇mu„ice2(m©\PK-Wl^KWl-096S^Km-096S-Spe-Tsuei.Doc 23 200841250 及糸統(Method and System for Forming Electrically Conductive
Pathways )》’兩者均併入本文列為參考。 第四圖描述一瓶,其具有第一射頻識別晶片(4〇2)經由導 線(406)附著至第一天線(404)。弄斷第一電路(例如,弄斷導 線(406))以一電晶體(412)經由一電路關閉一分離的警示電 路,該電晶體啟用第二射頻識別晶片(4〇8)及天線(41〇)以提供 篡改的肯定指示,其可由掃描迅速制。第二射頻識別晶片 (408)及天線(410)可被喪入或附著至瓶子以促進篡改偵測。不 論何時瓶子被掃描,第二射頻識別晶片(備)中的晶片一定看 得見S 〃體貝施例中,若瓶並不未被篡改,掃描兩射頻識 別晶片(402、408)得出已知人— 《3在一起的弟一識別碼以及第二識 別碼;6·,有個識別碼而不是兩個,瓶子就被拒絕。同時快 電腦比較由各瓶而來的第—射頻識別 90 ^ θ ^ 7*瓶而來的第二射頻識別晶片(408)清單, 以=! 並不具有與第-晶片(搬)配對的第二射 頻識別日日片(408) ’從而允♦白紅 有美改。 °自動偵測在所掃描的群組中是否 警示電路可包括複數個電 Τ ^ ^ . 兔日日體以及其他組件,並且可包含 f仃 的反為电路、繼電器或其他可切換 之有效路徑m以致於㈣备“換㈣頻識別電路 片其中之—有效。 、κ、4的狀態僅有兩射頻識別晶 在其他具體實施例中,兩個 線結合在在包含有-電晶體的雷跋更由夕:片以及兩個或更多天 線位於適當位置,第一晶片笋捏 右瓶蓋中通往天線的導 壓實施至-電路,其包含至少-中天線而來的電 私日日體Μ開啟或關閉一開關, 24 200841250 以致於當第一晶片有效時,用於第二晶片的電路無效,但是若 通往瓶蓋中天線的連結中斷(例如,由於篡改)而在射頻識別 掃描期間沒有電壓由射頻能量施加至該切換電路,那麼第二電 路有效,該電路之中有連接至第二天線的第二射頻識別晶片。 因此,依據是否能獲得瓶蓋中的第一天線而來之射頻能量,—— 切換電路判定在射頻識別掃描期間是否可讀取第一或第二射 頻識別晶片。第二晶片可具有一識別碼,作為一警告指示。如 此一來,兩者擇一或在此之外,彳貞測射頻識別信號不存在以指 出已被篡改,由第二射頻識別晶片發出一警告信號以促進被篡 改產品的偵測。以此冗餘方式使用兩晶片,改進慕改偵测的可 靠度。進一步,使用兩個射頻識別晶片而不是一個射頻識別晶 片,簡化在某些實施例中的電路設計。 在其他具體實施例中,第一射頻識別晶片係可移除,以致 於除非在掃描期間瓶蓋中第一天線而來的能量並不存在並不 產生射頻識別信號,因而能夠啟用用於一射頻識別警示晶片 (弟四圖中的第二晶片)的射頻識別警不電路。 在其他具體實施例中,使用以微電池(例如,Einat,Israel 之PowerPaper Ltd·的可撓電池)啟動的射頻識別晶片,以致於 當出現篡改時,連接電池至該晶片的開關被啟用並發出可輕易 偵測的警示信號。 在相關的具體實施例中,可藉由開啟箱子、移除標記、刺 穿容器壁、切開薄膜等等而中斷一電路。在某些例子中,包裝 材料可經設計以確保開啟或切割一包裝會讓兩導電材料接觸 以關閉一電路並啟用一射頻識別掃描器以讀取一警示信號。 25 200841250 本發明一具體實施例包括一系統,其係包含一容器、一封 套以及至少兩個具有獨特符瑪的射頻識別晶片,各射頻°識別晶 片與其自有電路相連,其中所稱至少兩個射頻識別晶片之中每 次僅有-個有效(例如,可輕由-合適的掃描器讀取)。分別 用於第一及第二射頻識別晶片的第一及第二電路可包括一些 共同元件,像是共用的電晶體、電容器、電阻器、導線,等等; 但各電路至少-組件並末共用並且與容器或封套兩者之一相’ 連,以致於開啟封套、移除封套或改變封套相對於容器的位置 φ (例如’㈣容H-段預設的有效距離)切換該等電路,使得 有效射頻識別電路變得無效而無效電路變得有效。 該容器可包含紙板、紙、塑膠、金屬、木、皮、橡膠、玻 璃以及類似品,並且其形狀可為一盒、用過即丟包裝、一貨板、 一板條箱、一機械式分配器、/塑膠袋、&含塑膠%氏及金屬 至少其中一項的產品包裝,等等。容器可為圓柱狀、方形、糖 圓狀、球狀,或任何其他外形。封套可為—蓋子,像是一旋上 或2扣蓋子、套子、襟片、鏈結元件,等等。當該封套開啟時, _ 可完全地移除或可用附著構件保持附著至該容器,該附著構件 包括一繫繩、一束帶、一鏈條、一鉸鏈、一可伸展元件、一彈 性^帶,等等。容器與封套的示範組合包含塑膠藥瓶及兒童防 護蓋、玻璃瓶及旋上金屬蓋、錫罐及可移除蓋子、瓦斯罐及瓦 斯罐蓋、鞋盒及可移除蓋子、紙板盒及蓋邊,以及其類似品。 別標鐘^系統保讜佶用者隱私的 、本發明也包含由可移除天線相連之常在射頻識別標籤所 A成的產ΠΠ及產σσ包裝材料,以保護使用者隱私而不需從該標 戴移除電子產品碼或其他資料。 26 ^©Eunice 2ω8©ΨΚ·ωΐ·ωΨΚ-ωΐ-0968ΨΚ·ωΐ-0968-8ρο-Τ$υα.Οα: 200841250 一 4c來說,第三方掃描消費者產品内射頻識別標籤的能 力’要依靠射頻識別標籤被連接至適當天線以提供可用於掃"^ 器的適合讀取距離。傳統尺寸的天線提供極大的掃描距離 於要用於消費者產品的系統而論通常的距離是二至二十英 尺。在一具體實施例中,射頻識別標籤與適用於商業應用(目 錄,描、自動結帳、產品位置,等等)的第一可移除天線連接, 且第=小型天線具有相對較小讀取距離,是小於兩吸或小於六 吋^第一天線可實際附著至該產品上的可移除包裝材料或可^ 除才示§己’允許購買者藉由移除天線停用傳統掃描,但保持該I 距離掃描功能,以便消費者想要讀取產品識別碼。兩: ,一或結合一小讀取距離,第二天線可被遮蔽以避免掃描除非 構造(例如,—箱皮罩)被移去或開啟,或可有_機械 …竭關猎由一刻意的動作啟用(例如,在產品上的故障開啟開 關供手指按壓以關閉該電路並啟用小型天線)。對於操作該系 先=已知射頻識別讀取者,移去第一天線之後的讀取距離與移 去第一天線之前的讀取距離之比值可約略小於下列任何一 項.0·5、〇·2、〇·ι、〇 〇5、〇 〇1 以及 〇 〇〇5。 ⑨—或者,當系統被由已知射頻識別讀取器在相對於射頻識別 標鐵=已知距離掃描時,所回應的信號強度在第一天線被移除 1後實質上較小。移除天線之後的回應信號強度與移除天線之 則之信號強度的比值,以適當頻率(例如,13·56ΜΗζ4 915
Hz )的傳統射頻識別讀取器採最佳定向以及6对距離,測量 出可約略小於下列任何一項:〇·5、〇·2、〇1、〇 〇5、〇 〇1以及 〇·⑽5。用其他距離可取得類似結果,像是2吋、%吋,以及 10吸。 27 C'mmice 2008©\ΡΚ·001 撕_侧史1(側切弥私Tsuei 以 200841250 第五圖顯不-具體實施例。包含一電子產品碼(即c)的 射頻識別晶片⑽)連接至一可移除的大型主要天線⑼4),其 係以一導線附著至一可移除標記⑼6),當可移除標記(506)被 移去時該導線可能會很容請裂。射頻識別晶片(5G2)也附著 小型常在的次要天線(駕)。可移除標記(篇)可為價格標 籤、:移除的電子商品防竊(EAS)標鐵、可弄斷或撕下的塑 膠標戴、布質產品標記、產品中的插件像是襯衫領口内的紙板 支撐元件或可以疋包裝材料的_部分(例如,可移除的主要 _天線可附著至裳載該產品的紙板包襄中,或附著至包裹該產品 的薄膜,而射頻識別晶片(5〇2)内嵌在產品本身之内)。當可 移除標記’)被移除時,連結可移除天線(綱)至射頻識別晶 片(502)的v線可全部或部分移除,或可保留在產品上。該等 導線可為金屬電線、印刷導電油墨、導電聚合物,以及其類似 。口。可移除標記(506)或相關產品包裝材料可帶有指標,指導 使用者在購貝後移除該標記(5〇6),並視需要地告知使用者當 可移除標記(506)被移除時主要射頻識別天線(5〇4)將被移除。 可有一電容器或其他電子組件連接至次要天線(5〇8)和(或)主 _ 要天線(504)。 在另一具體實施例中(未顯示),射頻識別晶片(502)附 著至常在的次要天線(5〇8),甚係以一開關因應使用者的有意 識動作以啟用該電路並使射頻識別掃描能夠實施。在此例中, 提出一負載敏感開關,其形狀可能像是用於電子裝置中的泡洙 開關(鍵盤等等’以因應使用者觸碰或手指按壓而關閉一電路 並傳送一信號)該開關除非按壓常保開啟,而且當其開啟時射 頻識別晶片(502)並未連接至天線(508),造成晶片(502)實質上 在掃描期間無法讀取。在此類具體實施例中,常在天線(504) c:\munice ^©ψκ-ωι-ω^κ-ωι^^-οο10968·5^·TsueiDoc 28 200841250 並不需很小,因為使用者控制是否能夠掃描,但若有所需它可 經調適以提供一小測距(例如’小於三吸或小於一吸)。
第六圖顯示一相關具體實施例,其中一射頻識別晶片(602) 是藉由導線(610)連結至一常在的次要天線(608),且共同連至 可移除主要天線(604),此主要天線並未用導線直接連結至射 頻識別晶片(602),而是感應式地耦合至次要天線(608)。可有 一電容器或其他電子組件連接至次要天線(608)和(或)主要天 線(604)。兩天線之間的此「非接觸」電子通訊揭示於2004年 1月20曰頒給Yde-Andersen等人的美國專利證號6,680,702, 《具有經由介電薄膜連接之導電圖案的射頻諧振標籤(Radi〇 Frequency Resonant Tags with Conducting Patterns Connected Via a Dielectric Film )》’併入本文列為茶考。Yde-Andersen 的專利中描述射頻諧振標籤,其中射頻能量是經由一諧振電路 發送而不需一或多個導電圖案的直接連接,而是經由緊鄰該導 電圖案或分隔多個導電圖案的一介電薄膜。一相關系統描述於 2002 年 7 月 24 由 Esch 與 Lucas 公開的 EP 1225585 A1,《一 轉頻器以及包含-譜振電路之CD盒所組成的CD>。此系統 中’包含-相對大線圈及—電容器的轉頻器電路調至或靠近一 識別及防竊系的頻率,以致其耦合而不需直接電接觸,充許一 射頻發送/接收系統由該識別系統讀取資訊,要比沒有柄合之 轉頻糸統所可跨越的距離更大。 、拿;&二及第^圖,以及具有一或多個與一射頻識別標籤 裝產品的容m他=具體實施例,射頻識別減可附著至 天線可附著至—容哭或可附著至容器内的產品。可移除 的内的產品本身,或附著至容器。在一具 29 C:\munice 2008©ΨΚ·ωΐ-09\ΡΚ·ω}-0968\ΡΚ-€0Ι-0968-8ρε-Τ$υά.Οα: 200841250 體實施射,射頻識別標籤切移除天線兩者均至—容器而不 是附著至該容器之㈣產品或材料,以致容n之内的產品或材 料可由購買產品的消費錢其他人士㈣與義識別標鐵分 離。在-具體實施例中,可移除天線的停用是藉由將可移除天 線由其所附著的容ϋ實質移除,而不需將射頻識別標籤由其在 容器内或容1§之上的位置移除。在另—具體實施例中,常在的 次要天線及可移除的主要天線询附著至相同容S,細著至相
同產品,或附著至-物件的外表面,或附著至一物件的相同表 面或襟片。 第七Α圖指出用於啟用或停用一射頻識別電路的開關 (700A)。在開關(700A)中,導線(7〇8、71〇)置放於一基板(716) 上,該基板可包含塑膠、紙、聚矽氧,或其他材料。一不導電 外殼(712)包圍一體積,在其中分別露出所留導線(7〇8、71〇) 的端點(718、720)。外露端點(718、720)是暴露於包圍體積之 内。該等導線與並未顯示出的一射頻識別電路之其他部分通 電’並可接合該射頻識別晶片至一天線終端,或可接合該射頻 識別電路之中的雨個其他組件。在力或加速度場(730A)的影響 之下,像是重力、磁場、離心力或其他力,一可活動導電元件 (714A)可偏向或偏離分別屬於導線(708、710)的外露端點 (718、720)。如圖中所示,可活動元件(714A)偏離導線(708、 710),以致於包含導線(708、710)的射頻識別電路(未顯示) 開啟,直到可活動元件(714A)被拉下而與導線(708、710)接觸 (例如,經由露出端點(718、720))以關閉該電路。舉例來說, 此電路的使用範例是一機密文件(例如護照),其中由嵌入護 照封面之磁鐵而出現的磁場將相對封面中所嵌入之射頻識別 開關(700A)内部的可活動元件(714A)偏壓,以便當護照閤起且 30 C:\mmicc 2008@ΨΚ·00_議切獅議功访加、· 200841250 =性元件緊鄰射頻識別_(7齡)時開啟該電路。開啟護照移 除磁場並容許可活動元件(714A)受到重力影響落人靠近電路 的位置’並容許射頻識別電路變得有致且因此能夠掃描。換句 相,-機密文件祕包含射頻識別開關(·Α)以及相對應的 磁性70件(未顯將賴朗魏維持在停餘態,直到該 文件打開並置於實質上水平、面朝上的位置以容許閱讀還有射 頻識別掃描。也可財文巾所討論的其他_概念達成類似目 標’並用於除機密文件之外的許多其他系統,包括俨用卡。
第七B圖顯示出用於啟用或停用—射頻識別電路的開關 (700B),其與第七A圖的開關(7〇〇A)類似,不過並未使用第七 A圖中的實心可活動元件(714A),在此是—可流動的可活動元 件(714B),像是導電液體或懸浮液,圖中所繪是受到像是磁場 或重力場的一力場(730B)影響而處於顛倒狀態。可活動元件 (714B)可包含一液態金屬、一磁性流體、一金屬顆粒或其他導 電顆粒的懸浮液、一離子液、一適當離子強度的溶液以提供良 好導電係數,或導電粉末。 第8A圖顯示一可切換射頻識別電路(8〇〇A),其包含一射 頻識別晶片(806A)、一天線(804A)、導線(8〇8A、810)將晶片 (806A)連結至一天線(804A),以及一定向敏感開關(8〇2A)插入 電導線(808A)之第一部分(808A’)與第二部分(808a,,)之間的電 通路,以致於電路(800A)依據開關(802A)的狀態開啟或關閉。 或者,該開關可插入一射頻識別電路的其他組件之間。 第八B圖顯示出與第八A圖類似的可切換射頻識別電路 (800B),除了是用一負載敏感開關(802B)取代定向敏感開關 (802A)。開關(802B)包含一可由一負載(例如由人類手指所施 31 C:imuni(x2008©\PK-00I-OP\PK-00J-O968\PK-WJ-(m-Sjxr-Tsuei.D<x 200841250 加的負載)暫時壓下的彈性本體(820),一導電内部元件(822) 與導線(8〇8B)之第二部分(808B”)通電,以致當開關(8〇2B)被壓 下時,導電的内部元件(822)被帶往與導線(8〇8B)的第一部分 (808B’)通電之導電接點(824)電接觸,以關閉該電路並使天線 (麵)與射頻朗晶片(麵)通電,因祕用該電路並使得用 適當設備的外部射頻識別掃描成為可能。 弟九B圖顯示出相對定向敏减開關1技 對於第-構件(916)斟於贷心 门取4開關(9〇〇),其係 構件⑼6、918)是^—= (918)的相對定向敏感,此兩 中所知的其他連繫方、、^貝上不導電的鉸鏈元件(920)或本技藝 (916、918)導電或包含^合在-起。第-及第二構件 所顯示的第一定向時,、#、、且牛J當開關(900)位於如第九A圖 但是當該開關處於及第二構件(916、918)並不通電, _接觸第-構件㈣第二定㈣,第二構件 一開關置入射頻識別電路(未顯厂電接觸區域⑽)。藉由將此 效直到一元件(未顯示 、έ、、下),忒射頻識別電路可為無 觸所需的縣設❻的相對定向處於要建立電接 照(未顯示)的脊内 牛1』永§兄,此開關(900)可置於一護 面移除第二封面(未二識別電路為無效直到第-封 觸並啟用射頻識別電路。- 開關的該等構件以形成電接 形成-副具有射頻識別的;目除此之外,&-開關(_) 部分,以致於該護目之^未顯不)的某部分或-添加 目鏡是否處於折疊饭置、h 、、§、別電路有效或無效是依據護 在射頻識別電路中具疋:被,上’或是以其他方式開啟。 於個人防護設傷之具:疋向敏感開關的護目鏡,可以是用 、、顯別_遵約系統的—部分,像是
32 200841250 2005年2月8日頒給chen等人的美國專利第5,853,3〇3號所 描述之系統,其以整體納入本文列為參考。 依據本發月之產品的另一範例如第十圖所示,其中顯示出 具有負載敏感射頻識別電路(1〇4〇)的面罩(1〇〇〇)該面罩(1〇〇〇) 具有一外表面(1010)以及一内表面(1〇2〇),是要服貼鼻子和嘴 巴之上以過濾空氣。圖中顯示一彈性束帶(1〇3〇),其可圍繞頭 部放置以牢牢固定該面罩(1〇〇〇)。可用兩個或更多束帶(未顯 不)’或可使用耳帶、鏡腳或其他用於將該面罩附著至頭部的 鲁其他方法(未顯示),這些方法如本技術中所熟知並描述於(舉 例來況)美國專利第5,561,863號、美國專利第5,596,985號、 美國專利第5,22G,699號,或美國專利第6,336,456號。 束帶(1030)是附著至面罩側邊的連接區(1〇36、1〇38)。至 少一連接區(例如,第十圖中的1〇36)包含張力敏感射頻識 別%路(1040)。如連接區(1〇36)之展開圖(1〇5〇)所顯示,射頻識 別電路(1040)回應的環境因素是施加至該彈性束帶(1〇3…的外 部張力(1060)。發揮作用的張力敏感開關之形成,是藉由一可 • 活動導電接頭(1〇24)附著至束帶(1〇30)—端,並藉由一彈性連 接(1008)連結至天線(觸4)接頭(可替換地,或是射頻識別電 路(ι〇4〇)中的其他電子組件)。當張力(1〇6〇)施加至束帶 (1〇3〇),導電接頭(1024)可移動至與一導電條(1〇22)電接觸,其 係與射頻識別晶片(1006)通電(可替換地,或是與該射頻識別 電路(1040)的其他部分通電,像是一有效射頻識別標鐵中的電 源供應線)以致於該射頻識別電路(1〇4〇)變成有效(例如,若 由-射頻識別掃描器而來的合適射頻信號供電,或對於主動式 標籤是由像是電池的電源供電,能夠產生一可讀取信號)。 33 C:\mmkx 200__-09\P_侧识議侧-Spe.TsueiD〇c 200841250 在頒給Chen箄人Μ $ | 所揭示的安全系统可用/;0^第6,853,3G3號之系、统中’其 備的進出站之㈣%纟發明的|置加強。在需要個人防護裝 件。舉例來說,===可識則工是否未正確穿戴物 識別標籤包含具有㈣的個人防護衣,該射頻 折疊收在口袋中或是並::對疋向破感開關的電路,若護目鏡 強制的射__。射==3__無法讀取 通過-進㈣而進到心也可調適於在人員試圖 所需安全物件的大概垂=戴:用人防護裝置的 頻識別掃描器可判定(比如 其^方法,射 失克的具射頻識別標記之領D 罩低於防護 鏡。因此,高度_可用來進tr並未戴上該護目 用;進一步加強遵約系統。 本發明又一觀點中(夫_ 一 λ 射頻$別雷故ιΛττ政/η 不 使用對環境條件敏感的一 /邱 固人防護裝備的價值,像是面罝、丰矣、 防護夾克或袍、護鏡或眼鏡、」 、 、 加上射頻識別掃描ϋ不僅❹ 鞋’以及其類似物, 於似乎被穿戴的狀況。因此,衣備是否被穿戴或至少處 器、定向感測器,以及其類似=;=頻識別電路的負載感測 開啟或關閉一電路。 、。、所關心物件的使用情況 具體實施例 本發明之觀點中的開關相關射 犯或其他人使用隱藏射頻識別、5別糸統有助於減少罪 置(例如,具有射頻識別晶片田^ —具有射頻識別之裝 讀取的裝置)取得識別碼⑽他在蚊條件之下可被 緣山貝訊的風險。不恰當掃描 34 C:\@Eumce200S@\PKW]-W\PK-001-0968\PK-O0I-096»-Spe-Tsua.Doc 200841250 ”其中別人可冒充擁有人或能夠不當存取擁有人 戶,或取得並不想要分享出來的其他資訊。 有人的帳 =十-_示具有-内嵌射_別電路(_ 不)的-信时(謂),其係無麵朗使用者選擇^線表 信用卡⑽〇)上-區域(mo)以暫時啟用該卡。做記也髮下 (1100)可為負載敏感開關或對於碰觸敏感的其他開關咸區域 器的一部分或包含之,以啟用-内部電子信號。開關並=應 是機械式’而可以用-内部電池或由射頻能量收成不必然 供藉由感測熱傳遞之方法(例如,手指溫度、敎傳導,以提 熱傳遞差異’等等),或藉由感測因為人體肌膚等等而^變、 子條件改變(例如,導電率、電感、電容,等等)。僅;2電 及區域(1110)時射頻識別電路才能夠被掃描。 有當觸 第十二圖顯示出一可折疊物件(12〇〇)例如護照,其昱 一部分(1202)(例如,封面)與第二部分(12〇4)(例如、,第 可折$在一起或打開,如圖所示。一射頻識別電路〇扣 ' 氏) 示為虛線> 内嵌在第二部分⑽句,且其操作係因應相對上顯 _ 部分(1202)之中一内嵌元件(1206)(顯示為虛線)存在或缺弟〜
舉例來說,该内肷元件(1206)可以是一磁條,其可運用馨、如# 七A及七B圖之類的裝置停用該射頻識別電路(12〇8)。當物》 (1200)折疊,射頻識別電路(1208)可被停用且無法用於例行的 掃描,因此減少未經授權者偷偷掃描在該射頻識別電路(12〇8) 之射頻識別晶片(未顯不)内的資訊D 第十三圖顯示另一版本的可折疊物件(13〇〇),其具有可相 對於彼此折疊的第一部分(1302)與第二部分(1304)。物件(1300) 包含一附著或内嵌的射頻電路(1340),其包含一射頻識別晶片 35 200841250 ()(數據電路)(顯示為虛線)、導線〇322)及⑽句將該 射頻識別晶片(1306)結合至-天線⑽8)(顯示為虛線),以 及-相對定向敏感_(132〇K顯示為纽)沿著導線〇322、 削)至少其尹之-放置,以致於該開闕(132〇)的開啟/闕閉狀 態決定射頻識別電路是有效還是無效。舉例來說,若可折属物 件()打開,如圖中所顯示,開關(132〇)關閉,因此啟用該 電路(mo)並允許射頻朗掃描。若物件(膽)折疊,開關 (1320)開啟而且射頻識別電路(1340)停用。如此一來,舉例來 說,使用者口袋中的護照可變得難以由未獲授權者掃描,但當 它由使用者在安全的環境中開啟時,可自動掃描。 在一相關具體實施例中,具射頻識別機制的系統可受保護 ==客攻擊’其方式是透過在—保域置中㈣兩個或更多 射頻識別晶片以提㈣於在攻擊時受_掃描而廣播一 個或更多假胃碼的方法’只有當擁有人執行—預定行動(例 如,切換至可存取)使真正射頻識別碼能被 =識別碼才能被存取以供掃描,並視需要地關閉假冒瑪的廣 -4:=(未顯示),安全的具有射頻識別之裝置包含 剌別播沪:兩射頻識別晶片,該電路切換哪個晶片可由射 ==:(例如’使用-系統類似於第四圖中具有兩 識別碼的2之减制容Ε)。該電路預設可將具有「假冒」 有直與—天線相通,但當使用者執行—切換動作,具 動作可別碼的另一射頻識別晶片就變成有效。切換 豆智慧卡或其他基板上的按鈕,其機械式或以 /、式關閉-連線以便電子式地啟用具有真正識別碼的射 36 C^@Bunice2008@\PK-(X)I-09\PK-00!-0968\PK-Wl-0968-Spe-Tsuei.Doc 200841250 頻識別晶片。切換動作也可包含實際上滑動或運輪一構件,例 如該構件可包含一天線,以致於該元件使得包含真正識別碼的 射頻識別晶片能夠無線通信,同時停用與其他射頻識別晶片的 無線通信。該元件可在一滑道中滑動並可包含金屬接著,其可 滑至與兩個或更多區域之一接觸以關閉具有兩個或更多射頻 識別晶片其中之一的電路,其中一電路發送真正識別碼,因此 允許使用者依需求啟用真正識別碼的讀取。 在另一版本中,用於發送真正識別碼的一射頻識別標籤 # (或其主要部分像是天線)被像是金屬箔或金屬外殼的一材質 有效地遮蔽而無法射頻識別掃描,該材質可由使用者依需求選 擇性並且暫時地移除。舉例來說,一射頻識別標籤可滑動地置 於一小容器之中,像是包含一遮蔽區以及一未遮蔽區的圓筒或 小瓶。在一般情況下,射頻識別標籤或其主要部分可位在容器 的遮蔽部分,但因應於擁有人的動作,該標籤可滑動或以其他 方式移至容器的未遮蔽部分,在此可被讀取。在一具體實施例 中’射頻識別標戴的動作是由重力驅動,且使用者顛倒該容器 Φ 的動作(例如,將一智慧卡或護照上下顛倒或以預先規定的方 法搖晃)產生一力將該射頻識別標籤送入未遮蔽區。被讀取 後’使用者反向執行上述程序以遮蔽該標籤,或標籤可調適於 自然地返回其被遮蔽的位置。舉例來說,一彈簧、鬆緊帶、磁 鐵或其他方式可以在使用者產生一力或其他驅動方式以將該 標籤暫時帶入未遮蔽位置之後,將標籤偏移至其容器的遮蔽 區。舉例來說,具有射頻識別機制的一護照可能無法被讀取、 或可能僅提供一假冒識別碼,除非當擁有人以特定方式反轉並 (或)搖晃護照的短暫時刻。一旦搖晃及(或)倒轉停止,標籤可 快速回復至其被遮蔽的位置。因此,可建立一「搖晃並讀取」 37 200841250 或「倒轉並讀取」系統。用於授權讀取的安全區域可免於由搜 尋未授權無線電信號之維安部隊未授權掃描的危險。在此類設 施中的射頻識別讀取器也可監測額外讀取器的出現,並提供一 信號指出狀況安全可讓使用者暫時啟用其真正識別碼的掃描。 在一具體實施例中,次要天線緊鄰主要天線以便有效率的 掃描’並且次要天線可由使用者選擇性地移除或重新安置。舉 例來說’次要天線可以是相對於射頻識別電路的其他組件可滑 動’以致於當其遠離時掃描很難(例如,對一已知射頻識別掃 # 描器而論讀取距離大幅減少)。次要天線的滑動可由重力驅 動’使該裝置為定向敏感。兩者擇一或在此外外,使用者可用 手指移動一組件至其定位,或次要天線可包含在一元件中,像 是護照封套,或是分開的卡片要被帶去接近包含射頻識別標籤 的組件以便射頻識別掃描被完全啟用。 在本發明觀點之範圍内的任何裝置或系統可運用各式各 樣的射頻識別技術。舉例來說,使用多向射頻識別天線或非平 面射頻識別標籤也是在本發明的範疇内。多向天線的範例在 ⑩ 2000年5月30日頒給Hatano與Monahan的美國專利第 6,069,564 號《多向射頻識別天線(Multi-directionalRFID Antenna)》中論及,其納入本文列為參考。 其他的射頻識別設計和系統,參見1999年8月8日頒發 的美國專利第5,939,984號《組合射頻轉頻器及磁性電子商品 防盜材料(Combination Radio Frequency Transponder (RF Tag) and Magnetic Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS)
Material)》;2000年9月12曰頒發的美國專利第6,118,379 號《具有螺旋天線之射頻識別轉頻器(Radio Frequency 38 200841250
Identification Transponder Having a Spiral Antenna)》;2001 年4月10曰頒發的美國專利第6,215,402號《運用貼片天線的 射頻識別轉頻器(Radio Frequency Identification Transponder Employing Patch Antenna)》;以及 2005 年 3 月 15 月頒發的 美國專利6,867,983號《射頻識別裝置及方法(Ra(ji〇 Frequency Identification Device and Method)》〇 一構成中,一系統以一射頻識別電路減低一物件之不必要 掃描的風險。該射頻識別電路包含一數據電路,其包括一射頻 識別晶片、一天線用於從一外部射頻掃描器接收並發出射頻信 说、-連線結合天線及該射頻識別晶片,以及—環境敏感開關 與該射頻識別電路的至少-部分通f。該通電方式使得當開關 的狀態是I請時,射頻識別電路的射_聊描實質上無效。 當開關的狀態是開啟時,射頻識別带牧每 只萌⑺甩路實質上有效。開關的狀 態可由能夠被使用者選擇性控制的環境因素決定。 該開關可為因應所加壓力或相對於垂直轴之定向的機械 式開關。該開是用皮膚接㈣“ wrw p“a a 觸開啟的觸覺敏感開關。該開 々„的_ „ ^ ^ ^有預疋特性之光線的出現而 式、目丨突、w洛式、日卜。 卜、、且群的—或多個感測器:負載 感測器、溫度感測裔、溼度感测哭、 以》中A rV、、目丨丨突#地η 九線感測器、接觸感測器, 以及疋向感―。該機械式開關可包 -微機電系統裝置。該物件可包“ I I力敏^路的 第二構件可在至少兩不同相對定向=構件及第二構件’其中 移動。該開關回應於第-及第二構:之間相對於第一構件 體實施例中,該物件可折疊。件之4目収向狀態。在一具 39 200841250 在一具體實施例中,該開關是位於物件的第一區域。該開 關對於物件第二區域中一元件的接近有所反應。第二區域相對 於第一區域可折疊地能夠移動。 ^在另一構成中,一物件具有一射頻識別標籤(RFID)附 著上。該射頻識別標籤包含與一使用者有關的個人資料。 該標籤可對-環境條件反應。該射頻識別標鐵包含用於儲存射 頻識別碼的-射頻識別晶片、驗通信—射頻(RF)信號的 天線,以及將射頻晶片耦合至天線的開關。環境條件關閉該 _機械或開關,以使得射頻識別晶片及天線能夠經由射頻信號溝 通射頻識別碼。一具體實施例中’包裝包含紙板或瓦楞紙。在 一具體貫施例中,開關通常是關閉但可暫時地依據使用者的行 為暫時啟用,以修改環境條件。 在又一構成中,一個人防護物件包含在一射頻識別電路中 的一射頻識別彳示威。該射頻識別電路包含回應一環境條件的開 關’該環境條件與該物件使用方法有關,以致於當該物件被適 當穿戴時射頻識別標籤被啟用。當該物件處在指示出不適當使 φ 用的組態時,射頻識別標籤可被停用。 在一具體實施例中,開關是選自:負載敏感開關、定向敏 感開關、相對定向敏感開關、對磁場之出現敏感的開關,以及 光敏感開關。 又一構形中,一面罩包含一過濾區段、連接至該過濾區段 的附著構件,以及一射頻識別標籤附著至過濾區段以及附著構 件至少其中一項。5亥射頻識別標臧有具備一張力敏感開關的一 射頻識別電路。該射頻識別電路預設為開啟,但可藉由施加至 附者構件的適當力而被關閉。 40 C:\@Eunice 2OOS@{PK-OO!-09\PK-00I-O96S^K-00l-0968-Spe- Tsuei.Do: 200841250 小結 鱼Πί!"月可有兩個或更多射頻識別晶片與一產口有βΐ 連’而且些晶片可鱼一 _ 屋口口有關 多該等晶片關連的;移除^^天線關連’包括可與-個或更 產品二購買者選擇性地停用保持隨附於該 如是-有效射頻識別^織’以暫時避免掃描。舉例來說,假 壓力或扳動-切換=',預设為關閉的一開關可藉由施加一 φ 、汗關从開啟該電路並避免掃描。 例之=2詳細指明’本文中緣出並描述的本發明且體•施 細指明,操作可以任何 二要,疋祝,除非另有詳 本文所揭示者包括額# 且本發_具體實施例可較 他操作之前、同時或之H少操作。舉例來說’可想而知在其 的範疇。 只行特疋操作係屬於本發明之觀點 行指可:r!可執行指令實施。電賴 • 的觀點可帶有任何餐3更夕屯細可執行組件或模組。本發明 說,本發明的觀點並不件f莫組及其組成。舉例來 繪以及本文所γ、+、m4± ^寸疋電細可執行指令,或圖示中所 例可包括不二組件或模組。本發明的其他具體實施 有更多或更少功能的U指令,或較本文所1 會出及描述者具 個(a田、發明「之觀點的元件或其具體實施例時’冠詞「一 存在一或多個此等元;(”」、「所稱(Said)」意謂的是 牛 包含(comprising)」、「包括 200841250 (including)」和「具有(having)」等用語是要全部涵蓋, 且意謂所列出元件之外可能有額外元件。 已詳細描述本發明之觀點後,可明白看出能夠有修改及變 更而不會背離本發明之觀點的範疇,如隨附申請專利範圍所定 義。以上構成、產品及方法可有許多改變而不偏離本發明之觀 點的範疇,其用意是在上列描述之中所含有以及在所附圖示中 所顯示的所有事項應被解讀為示範性而非設限。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖顯示依據本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體 實施例,其中一負載敏感開關將一射頻識別晶片連接至一天 第二圖是依據本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體實 施例圖示,其中一盒子具有一負載敏感射頻識別標籤以及一傳 統射頻識別標籤。 第三圖是依據本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體實 施例圖示,其中一射頻識別晶片飄浮在一充入液體、部分射頻 遮蔽的容器中。 第四圖是依據本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體實 施例圖示,其中一容器具有用於篡改偵測的兩個射頻識別晶 第五圖是依據本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體實 施例圖示,其中一射頻識別晶片係附著至一常在天線以及一可 移除天線。 42 C:\@Emice 2008@\ΡΚ-ω}-09ΨΚ-ωΐ·0968\ΡΚ·001-0968-5ρ€- Tsuei.Doc 200841250 第六圖是依據本發明一具體實施例之系統的示範具體實 施例圖示,其中一射頻識別晶片是附著至一常在天線並共同地 關連至一第二可移除天線,但未與之通電。 第七A圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一開關具有 用於啟用或停用一射頻識別電路的一實心可活動元件。 第七B圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一開關具有 用於啟用或停用一射頻識別電路的一可流動之可活動元件。 第八A圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一可切換射 頻識別電路具有一定向敏感開關。 第八B圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一可切換射 頻識別電路具有一負載敏感開關。 第九A圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一相對定向 敏感開關具有未通電的一第一構件以及一第二構件。 第九B圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一相對定向 敏感開關具有一第一構件以及一第二構件接觸以建立一電接 _ 觸區。 第十圖是一系統的一示範具體實施例,其中一面罩具有一 負載敏感射頻識別電路。 第十一圖是一系統之一示範具體實施例的圖示,其中一信 用卡具有並未發揮作用的一内嵌射頻識別電路,直到該使用者 選擇性地壓下該卡上的一區域以暫時啟用該卡。 43 C:\@Eunhx2008©\ΡΚ~00!·09ΨΚ·001 ·0968Ψ}(^1 切68-Spc-TsueiDoc 200841250 第十二圖是一系統之一示範具體實施例的圖示,其中一可 折疊物件具有一内嵌射頻識別電路以及一相對的元件,以供開 啟並關閉該射頻識別電路。 第十三圖是一系統之一示範具體實施例的圖示,其中一可 折疊物件具有用於啟用或停用一射頻識別電路的一相對定向 敏感開關。 所有圖示中,一致的參照數字指示一致的元件。
44 C:\©Eunice 200S©\PK-W]-09\PKWl-0958\PK-WI.(m-Spe- Tsuei.Doc 200841250 【圖式元件簡單說明】 102 Switch 開關 104 RFID label 射頻識別標記 106 RFID chip 射頻識別晶片 108 Antenna 天線 202 Box 盒子 204 RFID tag 射頻識別標戴 206 RFID tag 射頻識別標戴 302 Cylinder 圓筒 304 RFID chip 射頻識別晶片 306 Fluid 液體 308 Shielding 遮罩 310 Axis of chip motion 晶片運動軸 402 First RFID chip 第一射頻識別晶片 404 First antenna 第一天線 406 Conductive leads 導線 408 Second FRID chip 弟二射頻識別晶片 410 Second antenna 第二天線 412 Transistor 電晶體 502 RFID chip 射頻識別晶片 504 Primary antenna 主要天線 45 C:\©Eunke 2008@\PFCW1 -09\ΡΚ·00 丨·0968ΨΚ·001 -mS-Spe-Tsud.Doc 200841250 506 Removable label 508 Secondary antenna 602 RFID chip 604 Primary antenna 608 Secondary antenna 610 Conductive lead 700A Switch 700B Switch 708 Lead 710 Lead 712 Housing 714A Movable conductive element 714B Movable conductive element 716 Substrate 718 End 720 End 730A Force field 730B Force field 800A Switchable RFID circuit 800B Switchable RFID circuit 802A Orientation-sensitive switch 吁移除標記 ------— 次要天線 端點 〆---— 力場 力場 <切換射頻識別電路 可切換射頻識別電路 定向敏感開關 玄要天線 -----. 次要天線 一------- 導線 _______- 開關 _________ 開關 _____— 導線 --------- 導線 --------— 外殼 <活動導電元件 ^-—-- <活動導電元件 ________ 基板 -------- 端點 C:\@Eunice 2O0S@\PK-OOJ-O9\PKW}-W68\PKWJ(m^pe- Tsuei.Doc 46 200841250 802B Load-sensitive switch 負載敏感開關 804A Antenna 天線 804B Antenna 天線 806A RFID chip 射頻識別電路 806B RFID chip 射頻識別晶片 808A Conductive lead 導線 808A, First portion of lead 808A 導線808A第一部分 808A” Second portion of lead 808A 導線808A第二部分 808B, First portion of lead 808B 導線808B第一部分 808B” Second portion of lead 808B 導線808B第二部分 810 Conductive lead 導線 820 Resilient body 彈性本體 822 Conductive internal element 導電内部元件 824 Landing pad 接點 900 Switch 開關 916 First member 第一構件 918 Second member 第二構件 920 Hinge element 鉸鏈元件 922 Zone of electrical contact 電接觸區域 1000 Face mask 面罩 1004 Antenna 天線 47 C:\©Etmice 2008©\Pf(Wl-mPK-ΟΟ丨·0968\ΡΚ·00丨(m-Spe-Tsuei.Doc 200841250 1006 RFID chip 射頻識別晶片 1008 Flexible connection 彈性連接 1010 Exterior surface 外表面 1020 Interior surface 内表面 1022 Conductive strip 導電條 1024 Movable conductive terminal 可活動式導電接頭 1030 Strap 束帶 1036 Attachment zone 連接區 1038 Attachment zone 連接區 1040 RFID circuit 射頻識別電路 1050 Expanded view 展開圖 1060 External tension 外部張力 1100 Credit card 信用卡 1108 RFID circuit 射頻識別電路 1110 Region 區域 1200 Foldable article 可折疊物件 1202 First portion 第一部分 1204 Second portion 第二部分 1206 Embedded element 内嵌元件 1208 RFID circuit 射頻識別電路 1300 Foldable article 可折疊物件 48 C:\@Eunice mS©\PKW! .mPKWI ·0968ΨΚ·ΟΟΙ mSSpe-Tsuei.Doc 200841250
1302 First portion 第一部分 1304 Second portion 第二部分 1306 RFID chip 射頻識別晶片 1308 Antenna 天線 1320 Switch 開關 1322 Lead 導線 1324 Lead 導線 1340 RFID circuit 射頻識別電路 49 C:\©Eunice 2008@ΨΚ·001-ωψΚωΐ-0968\ΡΚ-ωΐ-0968-5ρε- TsueLDoc

Claims (1)

  1. 200841250 十、申請專利範圍: 1· -種用於減少包含_射頻識別電路之物件的非必 要掃描風險的系統,其中該射頻識別(RFID)電路包含 電路,其係包含: 龈 一射頻識別晶片; 信號 -天線,祕由-外部射賴麟Μ純並發送射頻
    一連接,結合該天線與該射頻識別晶片;以及 一環境敏感開關與該射頻識別電路的至少一部分相通, 以致當該開關的狀態是關閉是該射頻識別電路的射頻識別掃 描實質上沒有仙,且當該㈣的狀態是開啟時有作用,該 開關的狀態是由可被—使用者選擇性地控㈣—環境因素所 決定。 2·如申凊專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該開關是對所 施加壓力回應的一機械式開關。 3.如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該開關是對垂 直軸之相對定向回應的-機械式則。 4·如申睛專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該開關是可由 皮膚接觸開啟的一接觸敏感開關。 卜5·如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該開關是一光 敏開關其係由於具有預定特性之光線的出現而被開啟。 、6·如申請專利範圍第〗項的系統,其中該開關回應一 感測係選自下列一或多個··一負載感測器、一溫度感測器、 50 c:^wice2m@^Km^KmJ〇96^KmmS^pe-TwelIkK 200841250 一溼度感測器、一光感測器、一接觸感測器,以及一定向感 测器。 1 如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該機械式開關 包含具有一重力敏感電路的一微機電系統裝置。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該物件包一第 一構件以及一第二構件,該第二構件可在相對於該第一構件 至少兩不同相對定向狀態之間相對於該第一構件移動,其中 该開關回應於第一與第二構件之相對定向狀態。 田9·如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該物件係可折 料1如申請專職㈣1項❹、統,其中該開關是位於 以(的第-區’且其中該開關回應於該物件之第二 内的一元件接近,該第二區域係可折疊地相料該第一區域 一種附著有一射頻識別_D)標籤的物件,該射 =籤二含關於一使用者的個人資料,該標籤係回應一環 ^兄條件,該射頻識別標籤包含·· 衣 -射頻識別晶片料儲存—射頻識別碼; 一天線用於通信一射頻(RF)信號; 一開關將該射頻識別晶片耦合至該 :::糊械式開關’以啟動該射頻識別::= 過该射頻信㈣韻射_制。 X天線以透 51 200841250 12. 如申請專利範圍第11項的物件,其中該物件包含 紙板或瓦楞紙。 13. 如申請專利範圍第11項的物件,其中該開關通常 是關閉但可依據使用者修改環境條件的行為暫時啟用。 14. 一種於含有一開關之射頻識別(RFID)電路中具有 一射頻識別標籤的防護物件,該開關係回應於關該物件被使 用方式的環境條件,以致當該物件被適當穿戴時該射頻識別 標籤被啟用,並且當該物件處於指示出不適當使用的組態時 會被停用。 15. 如申請專利範圍第14項的物件,其中該開關是選 自:負載敏感開關、定向敏感開關、相對定向敏感開關 '對 磁場之出現敏感的開關,以及光敏感開關。 16. —種面罩,包含一過濾區、連接至該過濾區的附著 構件,以及一射頻識別標籤附著至該過濾區及附著構件其中 至少一項,該射頻識別標籤擁有具有一張力敏感開關的一射 頻識別電路,其中該射頻識別電路預設為開啟但可由實施一 適當力至該附著構件而關閉。 52 C:\municc 2m@^KWl^\PKW!W6S^KWim58-Sjx-Tsuei.Doc
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US7948381B2 (en) 2011-05-24
EP2388736A1 (en) 2011-11-23
EP2388736B1 (en) 2019-07-24
US8487769B2 (en) 2013-07-16
US20110254665A1 (en) 2011-10-20
MX2009006687A (es) 2009-06-30
WO2008075232A2 (en) 2008-06-26

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