SU1713804A1 - Logging machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the processing of timber, in particular to the cutting of logs and trees in the process of logging, and can be used in the forest industry in stationary and mobile installations that produce pruning branches with simultaneous transverse sawing of timber. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of work and productivity. Lesoza1 ^ otovitel machine contains a self-propelled chassis 1, a beam 2 with a gripping delimbing head 3 and a spreading device 6,7, having a lever system with a thrust mechanism. Lever system is made in the form of a hinged, multi-link, formed by levers interconnected. The pivots of the levers are interconnected in a certain ratio, and the smaller arm of one of the levers is connected to a thrust mechanism. The saw unit 6 is placed on the connecting link. With this implementation of the lever system and the ratio of the parameters of its links, the sawing organ is moved along the shortest and most advantageous to perform the working operation curvilinear trajectory with the saw unit moving from top to bottom. 1 h.p.fly, 1 tabl., 5 il.SPss0000J ^ > &

Description

The invention relates to the field of timber processing, in particular to the cutting of logs and trees in the process of logging, and can be used in the forest industry in stationary and mobile plants that produce pruning branches with simultaneous transverse sawing of timber.

A mobile mobile delimbing-cutting girder of the beam type is known, on which a head, a sawing organ and a pulling mechanism are placed.

It is also known a device for sawing timber with a balancing circular saw, the base of which is mounted on rails that allow the saw to move in a plane perpendicular to the direction of material feed.

Also known are devices for treating logs, in which a chain saw is mounted on a movable frame with the help of an arm, which can be rotated in a plane perpendicular to the feed direction of the logs.

In known installations, the motion of the sawing apparatus is carried out from top to bottom, which meets the technological requirements. Tax, for example, when the saw organ is mounted at the end of the beam opposite to the placement of the pick-up device: the process of pulling the saw apparatus onto the tree is from top to bottom, since here there are no working knots of the delimbing machine in the zone of operation of the saw apparatus. However, with this arrangement of the sawing organ, the productivity of the machine is significantly reduced due to the need to move the whole of each tree over the entire length of the working zone of the beam.

Also known is the delimbing-opener girder of the beam type, containing a rotary beam, on which a head, a pulling mechanism and a sawing organ placed on the front end of the rotary beam behind the gripping delimine head are placed.

Such placement of the sawing body allowed to significantly expand the technological capabilities of the logging machine of the beam type and increase its productivity.

The disadvantage of the known machine is that the placement of the sawing organ directly behind the gripping-cutting head allows the sawing

trunk only in the direction from the bottom up, because the area sawn on top is limited to the beam of the machine. At the same time, the mass of the sawed-off part of the trunk and the rest of the tree, which is located in the delimbing head, create a moment in the sawing zone, which leads to the clamping of the sawing organ in the saw-through. This leads to the cessation of sawing and even breaking down of the body. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to resort to complex additional devices, for example, retractable support levers, additional grippers, etc. In addition, mounting the saw on a bracket that allows reaching the sawing zone with one rotational movement greatly extends the free-motion path of the sawing body in the forward and right direction. reverse directions. That significantly increases the cycle time and the dimensions of its working area.

To eliminate the clamps during sawing, it is possible to carry out a machine with a lateral arrangement of the sawing organ on a special bracket that allows the latter to be mounted outside the range of the pulling mechanism.

With this arrangement, the sawing organ will require either an increase in the size of the latter in length, or the introduction of additional components into the design, which will ensure the movement of the sawing organ to the working area. That is, such an arrangement of the sawing organ leads to a sharp increase in metal intensity and constructive complication of the machine.

Closest to the present invention is a technical solution in which the swinging arm has a gripping delimbing head, a pulling mechanism, a sawing device mounted on one of the sides of the boom through me) (suspension anism, which has a swinging lever and a drive mechanism.

However, in the known technical solution, the parameters of the hydraulic cylinder (its length) exceed the length of the pivot arm, which leads to an increase in the diameter of the cylinder and, consequently, to an increase in the total metal consumption of the structure, a decrease in reliability and productivity, and an increase in the labor intensity of production.

The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability and performance.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a forest machine, containing a base, a swing arm with a gripping-delimbing head, a pulling mechanism, a saw apparatus mounted on one of the sides of the boom through the mechanism

the suspension, having a pivot arm and a drive mechanism, the suspension mechanism is provided with an additional pivot arm, the longitudinal axis of which is located between the corresponding pivot axis of the main lever and the cutting plane of the saw apparatus, the length of the additional and main levers, as well as the length of the saw blade working area is in the following ratio (0.5-0.8) Zp

 sin

In A,

where A is the length of the main pivot arm:

In - the length of the additional pivot arm;

Zp-length of the working area of the saw unit;

p is the angle of rotation of the saw apparatus, equal to 60-90 °,

moreover, the distance between the axes of the hinge of the levers is {2-3) b,

where b is the distance between the axes of the hinge connection of the said arms with the saw apparatus.

In addition, the arms of both levers are made adjustable in length, while the magnitude of the adjustment of the length of the levers is made equal to ± 2b.

Figure 1 shows the machine, a general view; Fig. 2 is a kinematic diagram of a cutting device and a path of movement of the sawing organ; Fig. 3 layout of the lever system; 4 shows the chewing device of the machine; Fig. 5 shows the constructive arrangement 1a of the cutting device of the machine with the position of the sawing member in several positions in the course of operation;

Logging machine can be made in stationary and mobile versions.,

The logging machine (figure 1) consists of a self-propelled chassis 1, equipped with a swinging beam 2 with a gripping delimbing 3 and a receiving 4 heads, dragging mechanism 5. performed, for example, similar to the dragging mechanism of the LP-33 machine.

A cutting device consisting of one or several saw bodies 6 and 7 is placed on the beam 2.

The saw blade 6 or 7 is mounted on the ba / 2 ke 2 by means of a lever system and a thrust mechanism. The lever system is attached to the beam by means of a bracket 8 (Fig. 4) and includes a lever 9 (Figures 2 and 3), a lever 10 and a connecting link 11c with a saw body 12. The lever system is driven by a drive of the thrust mechanism 13, and the saw the organ is driven 14, which is mounted on the connecting link 11.

The axis of rotation of the lever 10 (Figures 2 and 4} is located on the bracket 8 between the longitudinal axis of the beam 2 and the axis of rotation of the lever 9, the smaller arm of which, for example, is connected to the thrust mechanism 13, made for example in the form of a hydraulic cylinder. The axis of rotation of the lever 10 (fig.Z) is located on the bracket 8 behind the axis of rotation of the lever 9. The lever system (figure 2) has the following relationship between the dimensions of its links for the shoulders of the SK and MN and the link ON; (0.5-0.8) Zp.

 / 2 V A; C (2-3) b,

where Zp - the length of the working area of the sawing organ;

p is the angle of rotation of the sawing organ in the process of cutting the trunk (60-90 0; b is the length of the connecting link. Angle (p is selected depending on the diameter of timber in the cutting zone (60-90 °)) Specific values of parameters A, B, C shown in the table, while the value of ZP 750 mm (which corresponds to the mass produced saw apparatus LZM LP-49), b 140 cm.

Reducing the length of the lever 10 to 2p

 ° ° () P

sin (p / 2 0.7 and A 525 mm leads to the fact that the tree of a given thickness will not be sawn off. Increasing the length of the lever 10 to

) at ZP 750 mm.

A 0.81 (

sin y) / 2 0.5 and A 1215 mm leads to the fact that with any arrangement of the levers and the sawing organ, the latter will touch the beam during the working stroke, which is unacceptable.

. The machine works as follows. The piled trees (Fig. 1), located in the packs or the serial brush 15, are captured by the gripping-cutting head 3, separated from the bundle, after which the butt of the tree 16 is gripped by the pulling mechanism 5 and fed to the receiving head

4. from sawing 6 by the repeated stroke of the pulling mechanism 5, the butt of the wood 16 is extended to the desired length beyond the saw blade 6.11.

wood cutting with saws 6 and 7 in any sequence or simultaneously.

The resulting assortments are dropped into a stack of 17, knots and short tops into a pile of 18. If the tree is longer than three times the length of the assortments, the repeated movement of the pulling mechanism leaves the rest of the tree 16 to be sawn by any saw at the discretion of the operator.

The operation of the chewing device is as follows.

When the thrust actuator is turned on (Figures 2-4), the lever 9 moves, which moves circumferentially around the fixed axis of rotation o, and the connecting link moves along a complex curvilinear trajectory, since the latter moves by moving the lever 10 circumferentially around the fixed axis rotation N. Thus, the ptslny body 12, which is in rigid communication with connecting link 11, participates simultaneously in two movements: along an arc of a circle with a radius OK, in the direction of the object of processing and rotation around a movable axis of rotation K. FIG. 5 shows the sequential position of the saw member in three positions. In position I, the sawing organ is inoperative. In this position, the wood 16 is fed for processing. The working stroke of the sawing organ of the cutting device starts by simultaneously turning on the drive of the saw 14 and the thrust cylinder 13. In this case, the sawing organ moves along a curvilinear trajectory and the tree 16 is sawn out. In Fig. 2, the line connecting the P and Pi points is the trajectory of one of the P points located on the saw organ from the initial moment to the end duty cycle. Position II shows the position of the tool at the time the sawing body (chain saw) is inserted into the tree, position III shows the position of the saw at the end of the working cycle, after which the saw body returns to the initial position I when the hydraulic cylinder 13 is switched to reverse.

As can be seen from the diagram (Fig. 2), the parameters of the trajectory of movement of the points of the sawing organ depend on the parameters and the ratio of the sizes of the arms and the links of the lever system.

Accepted in the shoulder OK A; MN B; KM b; ON s, the angle of rotation of the sawing organ Pi (within 60-90 °), the length of the working area of the sawing organ ZP (the length of the working area of the sawing organ

is always directly dependent on the thickness of the trees being processed and is in the range of 0.5-1 m for cutting single trees) and determining the most advantageous trajectory of movement of the points of the working body, from the geometry of the OKMPN polyhedron we obtain the dependencies

L- (0.5-0.8) ZP,

0 sin / 2 VA, C (2-3) b.

Depending on the design of the hinged joints of the levers 10 with this link 11, the length of the link KM b is arbitrarily within 140-500 mm. Thus, in the proposed implementation of the cutting device and the ratio of the dimensions of the lever system, the sawing organ is operated at its lateral position relative to the beam, from top to bottom, while the beam and its other elements do not fall into its area of action, and

5 is the shortest possible organ. The length of the sawing organ depends only on the size of the processed timber. With this design, it is proposed to install several saw units on the machine, which can work simultaneously. Performance ; levers, adjustable in length, allows you to adjust the trajectory of the working stroke of the sawing body in varying production conditions.

Claims (2)

Claim 1: A logging machine comprising a base, swivel boom with gripping delimbing head, 0 a dragging mechanism, a sawing device mounted on one of the sides of the boom through a suspension mechanism having a swivel arm, and a drive mechanism, differently 5 that, in order to increase reliability and performance, the suspension mechanism is equipped with an additional pivot arm, the longitudinal axis of which is located between the corresponding main axis 0 of the lever and the cutting plane of the saw apparatus, while the length of the additional and main levers and the working zone of the saw apparatus are interconnected in the following ratio / (0.5-0.8) ZP. d sin (p / i where A is the length of the main pivot arm; In - the length of the additional pivot arm; ZP - the length of the working area of the saw unit; (p - the angle of rotation of the saw unit, equal to 60-90 °, moreover, the distance between the axes of the levers is (2-3) b, where b is the distance between the axes of the hinge connection of the said arms with the saw apparatus. 2. A machine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the shoulders of one or both of the arms are adjustable in length, the magnitude of the size change being within ± 2b. fts.2 Fig.Z Fiel