SU946458A1

SU946458A1 - Forest extraction machine

Info

Publication number: SU946458A1
Application number: SU782637410A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Григорий Васильевич Самодов; Герман Борисович Коробов; Юрий Михайлович Федоров; Юрий Иванович Зепалов; Владимир Васильевич Дорин
Priority date: 1978-07-03
Filing date: 1978-07-03
Publication date: 1982-07-30

Description

Изобретение относится к лесозаготовительным машинам и может быть использовано в лесной промышленности.The invention relates to forestry machines and can be used in the forest industry.

Известна лесозаготовительная машина, включающая самоходное шасси, . на котором установлены манипулятор и поворотное основание с режущей головкой и протаскивающим устройством [1].Known forestry machine, including self-propelled chassis. on which a manipulator and a rotary base with a cutting head and a pulling device are installed [1].

Недостатки этой машины - конструктивная сложность машины, связанная с наличием отдельного механ'изма для загрузки с приводами и захватом, не совмещенным с режущим органом; увеличенный цикл обработки, обусловленный дополнительными затратами времени на совмещение продольной оси манипулятора (или оси дерева) с осью сучкореэно-протаскивающего механизма, установленного на поворотном основании .The disadvantages of this machine are the structural complexity of the machine associated with the presence of a separate mechanism for loading with drives and grippers that are not combined with a cutting body; increased processing cycle due to additional time spent on combining the longitudinal axis of the manipulator (or the axis of the tree) with the axis of the delimbing-pulling mechanism mounted on a rotary base.

Наиболее близким техническим решением к предлагаемой является лесозаготовительная машина, включающая самоходное шасси, на раме которого смонтирована поворотная в горизонтальной и вертикальной плоскостях стрелка с установленными на ней протаскивающим механизмом и захватносучкорезным органом в виде имеющих ножи поворотных рычагов [2].The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a forestry machine, which includes a self-propelled chassis, on the frame of which a rotary arrow is mounted in horizontal and vertical planes with a pulling mechanism mounted on it and a gripping-and-knife body in the form of rotary levers having knives [2].

Недостатки известной лесозаготовительной машины - увеличенный цикл обработки, обусловленный дополнитель5 ной затратой времени на поворот и подачу дерева на протаскивающий механизм (поворот на угол не менее 180°) ; конструктивная сложность машины в связи с наличием специального го механизма поворота захватно-сучкорезного органа; поворот дерева захватно-сучкорезным органом относительно оси стрелы вызывает напряжения кручения балки, что приводит к увеличению ее поперечного сечения, 15 а следовательно, и веса; отсутствие механизма изменения вылета стрелы, что снижает эффективность работы и технологические возможности машины.The disadvantages of the well-known forestry machine are the increased processing cycle due to the additional expenditure of time for turning and feeding the tree to the pulling mechanism (rotation at an angle of at least 180 °); structural complexity of the machine due to the presence of a special mechanism for turning the gripping-delimbing organ; the rotation of the tree by the gripping-delimbing organ relative to the axis of the boom causes torsion stresses of the beam, which leads to an increase in its cross section, 15 and therefore weight; lack of a mechanism for changing the reach of the boom, which reduces the efficiency and technological capabilities of the machine.

Цель изобретения - повышение производительности и упрощение конструкции машины.The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and simplify the design of the machine.

Достигается это тем,что стрела выполнена в виде двух параллельно расположенных балок, конец одной из 25 которых соединен с концом другой при помощи- арки, а оси поворота рычагов смонтированы на арке., причем балки выполнены телескопическими, а их вторые концы соединены между собой 30 поперечинойThis is achieved by the fact that the arrow is made in the form of two parallel beams, the end of one of 25 of which is connected to the end of the other using an arch, and the axis of rotation of the levers is mounted on the arch., And the beams are made telescopic, and their second ends are interconnected 30 cross member

Кроме того, стрела снабжена опорным роликом, который установлен между балками, а арка снабжена дополнительной парой поворотных рычагов.In addition, the boom is equipped with a support roller, which is installed between the beams, and the arch is equipped with an additional pair of rotary levers.

На фиг. 1 изображена лесозаготовительная машина, вид сбоку; на фиг.2 -5 то же, вид сзади; на фиг. 3 - стрела лесозаготовительной машины с установленными на ней протаскивающим меха низмом и захватно-сучкорезным органом; на фиг. 4 - вид по стрелке А 10 на фиг. 3; на фиг. 5 - конструкция, вариант валочно-сучкорезной машины в момент срезания дерева; на фиг.6 то же, в момент укладки дерева в протаскивающий механизм.In FIG. 1 is a side view of a forestry machine; figure 2-5 the same, rear view; in FIG. 3 - an arrow of a forestry machine with a pulling mechanism installed on it and a gripping and delimbing unit; in FIG. 4 is a view along arrow A 10 in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 - design, variant feller-delimbing machine at the time of cutting the tree; Fig.6 is the same, at the time of laying the tree in the pulling mechanism.

Лесозаготовительная машина вклю чает самоходное шасси 1, на раме которого крепится основание 2 с поворотной платформой 3. На платформе с помощью оси 4 закреплена направляющая опора 5, которая снабжена гидроцилиндрами 6, шарнирно соединенными с платформой 3. В направляющей опоре 5 с возможностью возвратно поступательного перемещения установлена стрела 7, состоящая из двух параллельных балок, соединенных в передней части аркой 8, а в задней опорной поперечиной 9. На арке 8 кре пится, например, захватно-сучкорезный или захватно-срезающий орган 10, имеющий нижние захватные рычаги 11 и 12 и верхние рычаги 13 и 14,-выполненные в виде ножей. Перемещение стрелы осуществляется от привода 15. Направляющая опора 5 снабжена двумя 35 кронштейнами - поперечинами 16, на осях 17 которых крепятся поворотные рамки 18 и 19 с роликами 20. Ролики 20 снабжены приводами 21, а поворот рамок 18 и 19 осуществляется от гид- 40 роцилиндров 22 и 23.The logging machine includes a self-propelled chassis 1, on the frame of which a base 2 with a rotary platform 3 is mounted. A guide support 5 is mounted on the platform using the axis 4, which is equipped with hydraulic cylinders 6, pivotally connected to the platform 3. In the guide support 5 with the possibility of reciprocating movement an arrow 7 is installed, consisting of two parallel beams connected in front of the arch 8 and in the rear support cross member 9. On the arch 8, for example, a gripping-delimbing or gripping-cutting organ 10 is fixed, and having the lower gripping levers 11 and 12 and the upper levers 13 and 14, made in the form of knives. The boom is moved from the drive 15. The guide support 5 is equipped with two 35 brackets - cross members 16, on the axes 17 of which the swing frames 18 and 19 with the rollers 20 are mounted. The rollers 20 are equipped with drives 21, and the frames 18 and 19 are rotated from the hydraulic cylinders 40 22 and 23.

На направляющей опоре 5 установлен опорный ролик 24, который в зависимости от условий работы может быть также и приводным. 45A support roller 24 is mounted on the guide support 5, which, depending on the operating conditions, can also be driven. 45

При исполнении конструкции в варианте валочно-сучкорезной машины арка 8 при помощи шарниров 25 закреплена на балках и снабжена гидроцилиндром 26 ее поворота относительно балок,.^ и пильным механизмом 27 с приводом его подачи (не показан), закрепленным на штанге 28.When the design is performed in the feller-delimbing machine variant, the arch 8 is hinged 25 on the beams and is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 for its rotation relative to the beams, ^ and a saw mechanism 27 with its feed drive (not shown), mounted on the rod 28.

Машина работает следующим образом.The machine operates as follows.

Машина подъезжает к пачке деревьев и устанавливается как указано на 55 фиг. 2 и 5. С помощью привода 15 стрела 7 выдвигается в направлении стрелки А для захвата очередного дерева. Опускание стрелы 7 захвата дерева осуществляется гидроцилиндра- 60 ми 6. Разведенные с помощью известного привода (не показан) рычаги 11 и 12 захватно-сучкорезного органа охватывают ствол дерева и, поворачиваясь навстречу друг другу, защемля- 65 ют дерево, приподнимая его до определенного верхнего положения (фиг. 4), после чего привод поворота фиксируется, и рычаги захватно-сучкорезного органа остаются в этом положении, до конца обработки дерева, образуя нижний режущий контур. Это положение дерева соответствует его расположению над стрелой или на уровне верха стрелы 7 (поворот каждого рычага 11 и 12 осуществляется в пределах 90°). верхние рычаги 13 и 14, снабженные своими приводами, например пружинами, образуют верхний режущий контур.The machine drives up to a stack of trees and is installed as indicated in 55 of FIG. 2 and 5. Using drive 15, the boom 7 extends in the direction of arrow A to capture another tree. The lowering of the tree grab boom 7 is carried out by hydraulic cylinders with 60 mi 6. The arms 11 and 12 of the gripping-delimbing organ, divorced using a known drive (not shown), cover the tree trunk and, turning towards each other, pinch the tree, raising it to a certain upper position (Fig. 4), after which the rotation drive is fixed, and the levers of the gripping-delimbing organ remain in this position until the end of the wood processing, forming the lower cutting contour. This position of the tree corresponds to its location above the boom or at the level of the top of boom 7 (each lever 11 and 12 is rotated within 90 °). the upper levers 13 and 14, equipped with their own actuators, for example springs, form the upper cutting contour.

Защемленное таким образом дерево своей комлевой частью подается в зону приводных роликов 20. Поворотом рамок 18 и 19 соответственно в направлении Б, Вс помощью гидроцилиндров 22 и 23 создаются условия контакта всех трех роликов с обрабатываемым деревом и при включенных приводах создаются тяговые условия, необходимые для протаскивания дерева.A tree jammed in this way with its butt part is fed into the area of the drive rollers 20. By turning the frames 18 and 19, respectively, in the direction B, Sun, using the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23, the contact conditions of all three rollers with the treated tree are created and when the drives are turned on, the traction conditions necessary for dragging are created tree.

Посколько ствол дерева охвачен режущим контуром захватно-сучкорезного органа гидроцилиндры 22 и 23 постоянно прижимают ролики 20 к дереву и к ролику 24, и приводы 21 включены - начинается процесс обрезки сучьев. По мере продольного перемещения обрабатываемого дерева оно в определенный момент достигает поперечины 9,, являющейся дополнительной опорой дерева в процессе его обработки, т.е. выполняющей функцию опорного лотка.Since the tree trunk is covered by the cutting contour of the gripping-delimbing organ, the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23 constantly press the rollers 20 to the tree and to the roller 24, and the drives 21 are turned on - the process of trimming the knots begins. With the longitudinal movement of the treated tree, it at a certain moment reaches the cross member 9, which is an additional support of the tree during its processing, i.e. acting as a support tray.

В процессе обработки стрела 7 может перемещаться в необходимые моменты как в направлении стрелки А, так и в обратном направлении. В ’процессе продольного перемещения дерева при выходе его вершинной части из захватно-сучкорезного органа и при раскрытии приводных роликов 20 с помощью гидроцилиндров 22 и 23 обработанное дерево сбрасывается на землю.During processing, the boom 7 can move at the necessary moments both in the direction of arrow A and in the opposite direction. In the process of longitudinal movement of the tree when its top part leaves the gripping-delimbing organ and when the drive rollers 20 are opened using the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23, the treated tree is dumped to the ground.

Работа конструкции в варианте валочно-сучкорезной машины происходит в следующем порядке: машина подходит к стоящему дереву и ставится в положение, обеспечивающее повал дерева, при.этом рабочий орган с помощью гидроцилиндра 26 ставится в положение, при котором его ось и ось стрелы перпендикулярны или близки к этому (что в дальнейшем определяется осью стоящего дерева).The construction work in the feller-delimbing machine variant occurs in the following order: the machine approaches the standing tree and is placed in a position that ensures the tree is felled, while the working body with the help of hydraulic cylinder 26 is placed in a position in which its axis and the axis of the boom are perpendicular or close to this (which is further determined by the axis of the standing tree).

Стрела выдвигается в положение для захвата дерева (перед этим нижние рычаги 11 и 12 должны быть разведены, а пильный механизм 27 должен находиться, в исходном положении, причем и длина телескопической штанги 28 от соответствующего привода выдвигается на нужную длину). После за6The boom extends to the grip position of the tree (before this, the lower levers 11 and 12 must be moved apart, and the saw mechanism 27 must be in the initial position, and the length of the telescopic rod 28 from the corresponding drive extends to the desired length). After 6

9464.589464.58

Щемления дерева нижними 11 и 12 и верхними 13 и 14 рычагами (в этом варианте рычаги 13,14 также снабжаются приводом их поворота) включается пильный механизм 27 и таким образом осуществляется срезание дерева. 5Pinching the tree with the lower 11 and 12 and the upper 13 and 14 levers (in this embodiment, the levers 13,14 are also equipped with a drive for turning them), the saw mechanism 27 is turned on and thus the tree is cut. 5

Перед концом срезания включается гидроцилиндр 26 поворота, задающий направление повала.Before the end of the cutting, the turning hydraulic cylinder 26 is turned on, which sets the direction of the dump.

После опиливания и направленного с помощью гидроцилиндра 26 повала 10 дерево, охваченное рычагами 11-14,сразу располагается над стрелой (фиг.6) для осуществления следующей операции - обрезки сучьев без каких-либо дополнительных движений рычагов ра- |5 бочего органа (после спиливания пильный механизм ставится в исходное положение) .After sawing and guided by hydraulic cylinder 26, felling 10, the tree covered by levers 11-14 is immediately located above the boom (Fig.6) to carry out the following operation - cutting branches without any additional movements of the levers of the working organ (after sawing) the saw mechanism is set to its initial position).

После сброски осуществляется захват следующего дерева и цикл повто- ρθ ряется.After the reset, the next tree is captured and the cycle repeats.

В процессе обработки одновременно с протаскиванием дерево с целью сброски в определенном месте может быть повернуто в горизонтальной плоскости,., посколько боковое расположение роликов способно воспринимать возникающие при этом боковые нагрузки. Наличие двхбалочной стрелы позволяет более быстро и точно осуществит! совмещение оси протаскивания с осью дерева в начальный момент подачи дерева под обработку.During processing, simultaneously with dragging, the tree for the purpose of dumping in a certain place can be rotated in a horizontal plane, since the lateral arrangement of the rollers is capable of absorbing the lateral loads arising from this. Existence of a two-beam arrow allows to carry out more quickly and precisely! the combination of the axis of pulling with the axis of the tree at the initial moment of supply of the tree for processing.

Поворот каждого нижнего рычага в пределах до 90°, совмещение этого поворота с процессом захвата дерева при35 водит, во-первых,к сокращению времени цикла и, во-вторых, к упрощению конструкции, исключая специальный привод поворота загрузочно-сучкорезного, органа, причем соединение балок по- 40 перечной связью, например в виде арки, предотвращает напряжения кручения в балках. Нижнее расположение стрелы относительно протаскивающего механизма позволяет исключить приме- 45 нение специального лотка, так как роль лотка выполняет' сама стрела.The rotation of each lower lever up to 90 °, the combination of this rotation with the process of gripping the tree leads, firstly, to reduce cycle time and, secondly, to simplify the design, excluding the special drive for turning the loading-delimbing organ, and the connection 40 beams by a transverse bond, for example in the form of an arch, prevents torsional stresses in the beams. The lower location of the boom relative to the pulling mechanism eliminates the use of a special tray, as the boom itself performs the role of the tray.

Ролик 24 при оснащении машины пильным механизмом может быть использован как ролик отмера длин, т.е. предлагаемая машина может являться базой для двухоперационной машины, выполняющей операции обрезки сучьев и разделки на сортименты, причем выполнение компоновки машины с пильным механизмом не вызывает затруднений.When equipped with a saw mechanism, the roller 24 can be used as a length measuring roller, i.e. the proposed machine can be the basis for a two-operation machine that performs operations of cutting branches and cutting into assortments, and the layout of the machine with a saw mechanism does not cause difficulties.

Claims

The invention relates to logging machines and can be used in the forest industry. Known logging machine, including self-propelled chassis. on which a manipulator and a swivel base with a cutting head and a dragging device are installed 1 The disadvantages of this machine are the design complexity of the machine associated with having a separate mechanism for loading with drives and grippers that are not combined with the cutting member; an increased processing cycle due to the additional time spent on combining the longitudinal axis of the manifold (or tree axis) with the axis of the knotting and pull-through mechanism mounted on the rotary base. The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a timber plant, comprising a self-propelled chassis, on the frame of which an arrow is mounted, which is pivotal in the horizontal and vertical planes, with a pulling mechanism installed on it and a cutting-cutting body in the form of pivoting levers 2 with knives. the processing cycle, due to the additional time spent on turning and feeding the tree to the dragging mechanism (turning by an angle is not enee 180); design complexity of the machine in connection with the presence of a special mechanism for turning the gripping delimbing organ; rotation of the tree by the gripping-delimbing body relative to the boom axis causes torsional tensions of the beam, which leads to an increase in its cross section and, consequently, in weight; the lack of a mechanism for changing the reach of the boom, which reduces the efficiency and technological capabilities of the machine. The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and simplify the design of the machine ... This is achieved by the fact that the boom is made in the form of two parallelly located heads, the end of one of which is connected to the end of the other with an arch, and the axes of rotation of the levers are mounted on the arch. the beams are made telescopic, and their second ends are connected to each other by a cross bar. In addition, the boom is equipped with a support roller, which is mounted between the bgs, and the arch is equipped with an additional pair of pivoting levers. FIG. 1 shows a logging machine, side view; Figure 2 is the same, rear view; in fig. 3 - arrows of a logging machine with a dragging mechanism and a gripping organ mounted on it; in fig. 4 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 - construction, variant of felling-delimbing machine at the moment of cutting D | roar; 6 is the same at the time of laying the tree in the dragging mechanism. The logging machine includes a self-propelled chassis 1, on the frame of which the base 2 is attached with the turntable 3. The platform 3 is fixed by means of axis 4 to a guide support 5, which is equipped with hydraulic cylinders 6 pivotally connected to the platform 3. In the guide support 5s the possibility of reciprocating movement of the fixed boom 7, consisting of two parallel beams connected in the front part by an arch 8, and in a rear supporting crosspiece 9. On the arch 8, creeps, for example, a delimbing or gripping-cutting org 10 having a lower gripper arms 11 and 12 and the upper arms 13 and 14 'carried out in the form of knives. The movement of the page is carried out from the actuator 15. The guide bearing 5 is equipped with two brackets - crossbars 16, on the axes 17 of which the pivoting frames 18 and 19 with rollers 20 are attached. The rollers 20 are provided with actuators 21, and the frames 18 and 19 are rotated from the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23. On the guide support 5, a support roller 24 is installed, which, depending on the operating conditions, can also be driven. When the construction is performed in the variant of the feller-delimbing machine, the arch 8 with the help of hinges 25 is fixed on beams and equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 of its rotation relative to the ball and a saw mechanism 27 with its feed drive (not shown) fixed to the rod 28. The machine works as follows The machine drives up to a pack of trees and is installed as indicated in fig. 2 and 5. With the aid of the actuator 15, the boom 7 extends in the direction of the arrow A in order to grip the next tree. The lowering of the boom 7 of the tree is carried out by hydraulic cylinders 6. Divorced using a known drive (not shown), the levers 11 and 12 of the gripping-deliming body embrace the CTBOJ of the tree and, turning towards each other, clamp the tree and raise it to a certain upper position (Fig 4), after which the rotation drive is fixed, and the levers of the gripping-delimbing organ remain in this position until the end of the wood processing, forming the lower cutting contour. This position of the tree corresponds to its location above the boom or at the level of the top of the boom 7 (each lever 11 and 12 are rotated within 90). The upper arms 13 and 14, equipped with their own drives, for example springs, form the upper cutting contour. A tree clamped in this way with its butt part is placed in the zone of the drive rollers 20. Turning the frames 18 and 19, respectively, in B and C using hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23, creates the conditions for the contact of all three rollers with the treated wood and with the drives turned on, traction conditions are created necessary for pulling wood. As the tree trunk is gripped by the cutting contour of the gripping delimbing organ, the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23 constantly press the rollers 20 to the tree and to the roller 24, and the drives 21 are turned on — the branch pruning process begins. As the tree is longitudinally moved, at some point it reaches the cross member 9, which is an additional support of the tree during its processing, i.e. performing the function of the reference tray. During processing, the boom 7 can move at the required points both in the direction of arrow A and in the opposite direction. In the process of longitudinal movement of the tree, when the top part of the tree leaves the gripping-delimbing organ and when the drive rollers 20 are opened with the help of hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23, the treated tree is dropped to the ground. The construction of the feller-delimbing machine takes place in the following order: the machine approaches the standing tree and is placed in a position that provides tree felling, while the working body with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 26 is placed in a position where its axis and the axis of the boom are perpendicular are or are close to this (which is further defined by the axis of the standing tree). The boom extends into position to grip the tree (before that, the lower levers 11 and 12 must be moved apart, and the saw mechanism 27 must be in the initial position, and the length of the telescopic rod 28 from the respective drive will be extended to the desired length). After the tree has been pinched by the lower 11 and 12 and the upper 13 and 14 arms (in this embodiment, the arms 13, 14 are also provided with a drive for turning them) turns on the saw mechanism 27 and thus cutting the tree. Before the end of cutting, the turn hydraulic cylinder 26 is turned on, setting the direction of the roll. After filing and a tree hinged with the help of a hydraulic cylinder 26, covered by levers 11-14, is located above the boom (Fig.6 for the next operation - pruning boughs without any additional movements of the arms of the working body (after cutting the sawing mechanism position). After a reset, the next tree is picked up and the cycle is repeated. During processing, simultaneously with the tree, the tree can be rotated in a horizontal plane with the aim of Only the lateral arrangement of the rollers is capable of perceiving the lateral loads arising in this case. The presence of a double-boom allows more quickly and precisely to align the drag axis with the tree's axis at the initial moment of feeding the tree for processing. Rotate each lower arm up to 90 °, aligning it along the gate with the process of capturing the tree, it leads, firstly, to a reduction in the cycle time and, secondly, to the simplification of the structure, excluding the special rotation of the loading-delimbing organ, and the connection of the beams a cross-connection, for example in the form of an arch, prevents torsional stresses in the beams. The lower position of the boom relative to the dragging mechanism allows the use of a special tray to be excluded, since the arrow itself performs the role of the tray. The roller 24, when the machine is equipped with a sawing mechanism, can be used as a roller of length measurement, i.e. The proposed machine may be the basis for a two-step machine that performs the operations of pruning and cutting into assortments, and it is easy to assemble the machine with the saw mechanism. Claims 1. A logging machine comprising a self-propelled chassis, the frame of which is mounted with an articulated mechanism in the horizontal and vertical planes of the boom mounted on it with a mechanism and a locking-delimbing body in the form of pivoting arms with knives, characterized by the fact that the aim is to improve the performance of the machine, the boom is made in the form of two in parallel. beams, “the end of one of which is connected to the end of the other by means of an arch, and the axes of rotation of the levers are mounted on the arch.

2. The machine according to claim 1, explicitly and so that the beams are made telescopic.

3. The machine according to PP, 1 and 2, about the t with the fact that. the second ends of the beams are interconnected by a cross member.

4. Machine on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the boom is provided with a support roller, which is mounted between the beams.

5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that. the arch is equipped with an additional pair of pivoting levers. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR 565821, cl. In 27 L 1/00, 1976.2. Author's certificate of the USSR No. 561663, cl. In 27 L 1/00, 1975.

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