SK280033B6 - Spôsob výroby netoxických solí 6-metyl-4-oxo-3,4-d - Google Patents
Spôsob výroby netoxických solí 6-metyl-4-oxo-3,4-d Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK280033B6 SK280033B6 SK1081-94A SK108194A SK280033B6 SK 280033 B6 SK280033 B6 SK 280033B6 SK 108194 A SK108194 A SK 108194A SK 280033 B6 SK280033 B6 SK 280033B6
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- phase
- distillation
- methylene chloride
- formula
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- YGCFIWIQZPHFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acesulfame Chemical class CC1=CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)O1 YGCFIWIQZPHFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QXBGLCSYJYZBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxobutanoylsulfamic acid Chemical class CC(=O)CC(=O)NS(O)(=O)=O QXBGLCSYJYZBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 221
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diketene Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)O1 WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 235000010358 acesulfame potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000619 acesulfame-K Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 acetamido compound Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LFMIQNJMJJKICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-2-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl LFMIQNJMJJKICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005164 acesulfame Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JNONJXMVMJSMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;triethylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCN(CC)CC JNONJXMVMJSMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D291/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D291/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D291/06—Six-membered rings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S203/00—Distillation: processes, separatory
- Y10S203/17—Saline water conversion
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4208513 | 1992-03-17 | ||
| PCT/EP1993/000606 WO1993019055A1 (de) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung der nicht-toxischen salze des 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxids und anordnung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK108194A3 SK108194A3 (en) | 1995-07-11 |
| SK280033B6 true SK280033B6 (sk) | 1999-07-12 |
Family
ID=6454275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK1081-94A SK280033B6 (sk) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-16 | Spôsob výroby netoxických solí 6-metyl-4-oxo-3,4-d |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5744010A (da) |
| EP (1) | EP0638076B1 (da) |
| KR (2) | KR950700891A (da) |
| CN (1) | CN1035004C (da) |
| AU (1) | AU3748893A (da) |
| BR (1) | BR9306090A (da) |
| CZ (1) | CZ289741B6 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE59308994D1 (da) |
| HU (1) | HU216294B (da) |
| IL (1) | IL105077A (da) |
| MX (1) | MX9301434A (da) |
| RU (1) | RU2106347C1 (da) |
| SG (1) | SG52713A1 (da) |
| SK (1) | SK280033B6 (da) |
| TW (1) | TW223067B (da) |
| WO (1) | WO1993019055A1 (da) |
| ZA (1) | ZA931857B (da) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062560C (zh) * | 1996-01-18 | 2001-02-28 | 广东省食品工业研究所 | 双氧噁噻嗪盐类化合物的分离和精制方法 |
| CN100516054C (zh) * | 2006-09-24 | 2009-07-22 | 张家港浩波化学品有限公司 | 一种合成乙酰磺胺酸钾过程中的磺化环合工艺及该工艺的专用设备 |
| US9024016B2 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2015-05-05 | Nutrinova Nutrition Specialists & Food Ingredients GmbH | Process for producing acesulfame potassium |
| CN104292181B (zh) * | 2014-09-27 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽金禾实业股份有限公司 | 一种mvr系统浓缩安赛蜜母液的方法 |
| SI3319948T1 (sl) | 2016-09-21 | 2021-11-30 | Celanese International Corporation | Sestavki kalijevega acesulfama in postopek za izdelavo le-teh |
| PL3317260T3 (pl) | 2016-09-21 | 2020-05-18 | Celanese International Corporation | Kompozycje acesulfamu potasu oraz sposoby jego wytwarzania |
| SI3319949T1 (sl) | 2016-09-21 | 2020-11-30 | Celanese International Corporation, | Sestavki kalijevega acesulfama in postopki za njihovo izdelavo |
| WO2018057389A1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Acesulfame potassium compositions and processes for producing same |
| WO2019114999A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-20 | Chemadvice Gmbh | Process for the preparation of an acesulfame in a spray reactor having a specific velocity of flow |
| US11390595B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2022-07-19 | Chemadvice Gmbh | Process for the preparation of an acesulfame with sulphuric acid processing |
| CN117023837A (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-11-10 | 南通醋酸化工股份有限公司 | 一种适用于生产安赛蜜的溶剂回收和废酸处理系统及方法 |
| CN114229982A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-25 | 安徽金禾实业股份有限公司 | 一种ak糖结晶废液的氧化处理装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2024694C3 (de) * | 1970-05-21 | 1979-03-29 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3,4-Dihydro-l ,23-oxathiazin-4-onen |
| DE2434562A1 (de) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-01-29 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung des suessstoffes 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxid |
| DE2539737C2 (de) * | 1975-09-06 | 1982-02-25 | Edeleanu Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Wiedergewinnung von thermisch instabilen Lösungsmittelgemischen |
| US4289586A (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1981-09-15 | Finishing Equipment, Inc. | Solvent recovery method |
| DE3410440A1 (de) * | 1984-03-22 | 1985-09-26 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxid und dessen nichttoxischen salzen |
| DE3410439A1 (de) * | 1984-03-22 | 1985-09-26 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxid und dessen nichttoxischen salzen sowie der dabei als zwischenprodukt(e) auftretenden acetoacetamind-n-sulfonsaeure(salze) |
| DE3527070A1 (de) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-01-29 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxid |
| DE3531358A1 (de) * | 1985-09-03 | 1987-03-12 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung der nicht-toxischen salze des 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxids |
-
1993
- 1993-02-23 TW TW082101278A patent/TW223067B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 AU AU37488/93A patent/AU3748893A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-03-16 US US08/302,807 patent/US5744010A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-16 WO PCT/EP1993/000606 patent/WO1993019055A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-03-16 RU RU94041735A patent/RU2106347C1/ru active
- 1993-03-16 SK SK1081-94A patent/SK280033B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 EP EP93920533A patent/EP0638076B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-16 BR BR9306090A patent/BR9306090A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 SG SG1996008156A patent/SG52713A1/en unknown
- 1993-03-16 IL IL10507793A patent/IL105077A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 HU HU9402643A patent/HU216294B/hu unknown
- 1993-03-16 ZA ZA931857A patent/ZA931857B/xx unknown
- 1993-03-16 DE DE59308994T patent/DE59308994D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-16 MX MX9301434A patent/MX9301434A/es unknown
- 1993-03-16 CZ CZ19942278A patent/CZ289741B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 CN CN93102657A patent/CN1035004C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-16 KR KR1019940703240A patent/KR950700891A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-16 KR KR1019940703240A patent/KR0141871B1/ko active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR950700891A (ko) | 1995-02-20 |
| HUT71700A (en) | 1996-01-29 |
| WO1993019055A1 (de) | 1993-09-30 |
| SK108194A3 (en) | 1995-07-11 |
| DE59308994D1 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
| AU3748893A (en) | 1993-10-21 |
| KR0141871B1 (ko) | 1998-06-01 |
| MX9301434A (es) | 1994-01-31 |
| EP0638076B1 (de) | 1998-09-16 |
| RU2106347C1 (ru) | 1998-03-10 |
| CN1077712A (zh) | 1993-10-27 |
| ZA931857B (en) | 1993-10-05 |
| IL105077A0 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
| IL105077A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
| RU94041735A (ru) | 1996-08-10 |
| EP0638076A1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
| HU216294B (hu) | 1999-06-28 |
| US5744010A (en) | 1998-04-28 |
| CN1035004C (zh) | 1997-05-28 |
| SG52713A1 (en) | 1998-09-28 |
| CZ227894A3 (en) | 1995-07-12 |
| TW223067B (da) | 1994-05-01 |
| BR9306090A (pt) | 1997-11-18 |
| HU9402643D0 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| CZ289741B6 (cs) | 2002-03-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK4A | Patent expired |
Expiry date: 20130316 |