SI22761A - Device for non-destructive sampling of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of invention is a device for non-destructive sampling of soil. The device is preferentially intended for the needs of pedological, mechanical, chemical and biological analyses of soil, especially of its upper layer and above all in agriculture. The device for non-destructive sampling of soil, which is executed from a standard three-point attachment is characterised in that on the attachment (1) there is a pivot (4) executed preferably from two discs axially rotating one with respect to the other for pivoting a drilling assembly (7) at least from the vertical to the horizontal position, and this by means of an actuator (8), in which case a guide (6) of the drilling assembly (7) which is axially movable along the guide (6) in a controlled way with the help of a means (10), is mounted on a rotatable part (5) of the pivot (4), next, that a guide (25) preferentially in the shape of a pipe, is mounted fixedly in a housing (19) inside of a drilling pipe (18) and coaxially with it, next, that a container (27) for reception and storage of a soil sample (28) is coaxially and fixedly installed in the said guide (25), and that the container (27) is connected disassemblably with a holder (11) which is movably mounted on the top of the guide (6) by means of element (32).

Description

A device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples

The subject of the invention is a device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples. The device is preferably intended for the needs of pedological, mechanical, chemical and biological analyzes of the soil, especially the upper layer, especially in agriculture.

A technical problem

A technical problem solved by the invention is such a device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples, which, when forming a soil sample, will affect it mechanically and chemically to such an insignificant extent that for research purposes such a sample will be accepted as an undisturbed sample, the device being according to the invention intended for mounting on a standard three-point tractor coupling system and for connection to its hydrostatic drive source.

The prior art

In the field of such equipment and installations, there are many solutions and implementations of soil sampling devices, from surface layers to great depths. When exploring the soil, especially the topsoil to the parent ground, which does not have a stable and homogeneous structure, taking undisturbed soil samples is of great importance for different users. It is assumed that a large number of samples are required in an arbitrarily large area for research. It is therefore necessary for such a device to be easily mobile and energy-autonomous, preferably connected to an off-road vehicle or tractor with a drive, preferably hydrostatic, attachment.

For the simplest of devices, a soil sample is taken using a tube that pushes or plugs the soil into the ground and then pulls it along with the sample contained therein. Most often, a one-way spring closure is installed at the lower end of the tube to prevent downtime, especially

-2 bulk material of the sample from the tube when extracted. Such a solution is described in patents DE 10119186 and DE 3424734.

A similar solution is disclosed in US Patent 2003/0089526. In this embodiment, there is also an elastic plug in the tube, which moves together with the sample upwards and prevents the material from falling out. sample fluid outflow. In this patent and in patents EP 1710354, GB 2276987, US 2003/0205408 and US 5492021, embodiments with an outer carrier tube and an inner tube into which the sample is stored are described. In these embodiments, the inner sample tube is pulled out by removing either the head at the underside of the outer tube and pulling the inner sample tube down, or by disassembling the joint at the upper side of the outer tube and pulling the inner sample tube upwards. For all the systems described, the soil sample must be squeezed out of the pipe into which it was stored during the sampling, for example with a plunger. This causes additional damage to the structure of the specimen, affecting the distortion of the test results.

EP 1411206 has one pipe, which is longitudinally divided into two symmetrical parts - the shelf, which is assembled or. dismantle by displacing one half opposite the other, thus avoiding further damage when extruding the sample from the tube.

In the embodiments described above, with the exception of US 5492021, sampling probes are only pressed into the ground, most often with various hammer or ram mechanisms.

In the embodiments described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5492021, DE 3424734, and US 4907659, the probes are also twisted during screaming, which reduces the force required for screaming and the movement of the probe itself is more uniform and therefore the compression of the structure in the samples is smaller, however, specimen ruptures occur on individual shear planes due to the rotation of the tube into which the soil sample is stored.

-3According to US 4907659 has a double rotary tube drilling probe with teeth at the head of the drill bit. In this embodiment, the diameter of the core of the sample at the drilling location, i.e. at the teeth, is larger than the bright diameter of the crown tip at the passage to the sample receiving tube. Therefore, when drilling and moving the drill pipe down, the material must be compressed, which changes the structure of the sample. At the same time, due to the friction between the stationary soil sample and the rotating wall of the pipe, fracture of the sample core can occur, thereby breaking the structure.

It is an object of the invention to construct such a device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples that will be structurally simple and reliable to use and which will create samples with negligible mechanical and chemical damage.

According to the invention, the problem is solved by a device for collecting structurally undamaged soil samples according to an independent claim.

An essential feature of the device according to the invention is that on a basic frame adapted for mounting on a vehicle, preferably a tractor with a hydrostatic drive connection, a rotatably mounted guide on which a machine axially movably mounted drill assembly consisting of an outer tubular assembly a drill, therein a coaxial fixed tubular guide and in said guide a pivotally non-rotatable two-part tubular container for a single sample. It is further a feature of the invention that the tubular drill comprises a drill bit with teeth formed in such a way that they first cut at the inner circumference and then towards the outer circumference, with the cuts being cut outwards. This ensures mechanically intact sampling for research purposes. Another feature of the invention is that the medium tubular guide provides guidance in the guide of the sample container and allows air to be supplied to the sample when extracted from the ground, excluding any mechanical adverse effect of the drill and guide on the sample in the container. Finally, an important feature of the device according to the invention is that, after extracting the drilling assembly from the ground, it can be rotated to a horizontal position and the removal of a two-piece tubular container with a soil sample from the drilling assembly on the upper side, without damaging the sample and also without the physical exertion of workers on the device.

-4Description of the invention

In more detail, the essence of the invention will be explained by a description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing:

Figure 1: Perspective view of the device according to the invention,

Figure 2: Longitudinal cross-section of the drilling unit with drill bit detail,

Figure 3: Two-piece sample container,

Figure 4: Perspective view of the means for controlled movement of the drilling assembly,

Figure 5: Cross-section of the drilling assembly (a) before and (b) after closing the sample container pens, Figure 6: Perspective view of the device in the state of: (a) start of drilling, (b) end of drilling, (c) rotated drill assembly, ( d) Excluded sample containers.

The device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples is derived from the standard three-point attachment 1 for the tractor not shown in the figures. The upper lever 2 of connector 1 can be extended or shortened longitudinally, which provides for the adjustment of the drilling angle in the longitudinal direction of the axle of the trailer, which will be described in more detail later. Further, connector 1 further comprises two axially extendable legs 3 as floor supports.

In connection 1, a hinge 4 is made, in the preferred embodiment of two axially rotating rotary plates for drilling assembly 7 at least from a vertical to a horizontal position by means of an actuator 8. On the rotating part 5 of the hinge 4, a guide 6 of the drilling assembly 7 is mounted. the hinge is connected to terminal 1 via actuator 8, e.g. hydraulic cylinder. With a sufficiently long stroke, the actuator 8 rotates the pivot portion 5 of the hinge 4, and thereby the guide 6, which is attached to the rotary part 5 and the drill assembly 7, at least vertically and horizontally and back. By adjusting the length of the lever 2, the longitudinal angle is adjusted, with the hydraulic cylinder of the battery 8 the transverse angle of the axis of rotation relative to the axis of the trailer. Thus, we can set any angle of the drilling axis according to the plane of the earth being examined or perpendicular to the point of drilling.

-5At the means of the means 6, the axially movable drilling assembly 7 with the drill pipe 18 is mounted on the guide 6, and a soil sample container 27 is housed therein, the drilling assembly 7 comprising a housing 19 with a drive unit 17 and a drill pipe 18 containing a drill at the open end. crown 20.

The guide 6 of the drilling assembly 7 contains at least one rail 9, in which the drilling assembly 7 moves in an axial direction, further comprising the guide 6 means 10 for the controlled movement of the drilling assembly 7 along the rail 9 and the holder 11 used for drawing the sample, which will be described in more detail later.

The tool 10 for moving the drilling assembly 7 is preferably made of a hydraulic cylinder 12, which is mounted in the guide 6 and contains rope wheels 13 at the end of the piston, with similar rope wheels 14 and 14a mounted at both ends of the guide 6 or rails 9a. . Two ropes 15 are mounted over said wheels 13 and 14 and fixed at one end on the underside of the sleeve 16 of the drilling assembly 7 and with the other ends on the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 12. The third rope 15a is fixed at one end by the top of the rail 9, routed through the rope wheel 13 and 14a, and with the other end fixed on the upper side of the sleigh 16. By axially displacing the piston rod of the cylinder 12 by no more than half the length of the rails 9, two ropes 15 and the wheel 14a are due to the principle of pulleys formed by the wheels 13 and 14. and rope 15a, and the rope attachment points on the sleigh 16 of the drill assembly 7 and at the indicated points on the rail 9, moves the drill assembly 7 for the entire length of the rails 9.

The drilling assembly 7 comprises a sled 16 that slides along at least one rail 9 in a controlled manner as described in the previous paragraph. On the sled 16, a drive unit 17, preferably a hydromotor, is mounted as the drive of the drill pipe 18. Further on the sled 16 is a housing 19 in which the rotary shaft 18 is rotated. The transfer of torque from the drive unit 17 to the drill pipe 18 is carried out at any known manner, e.g. through a chain or gears.

-6The drill pipe 18 is provided with a drill bit 20 at the free edge 20. The teeth 21 of the drill bit 20 have a cutting edge edge 22 tapered with respect to the apparent perpendicular plane to the axis of rotation of the drill pipe 18 so that the cutting tip 23 that comes first in contact is located with the ground adjacent to the axis of rotation of the pipe 18. The teeth 21 are also positioned obliquely relative to the normals at the points where the tips 23 of the teeth 21 are located. The width of the teeth 21 is determined with respect to other elements of the device, which will be explained later in the description of these elements. In this way, the teeth 21 are cut off by the cut off soil particles towards the outer periphery of the drill pipe 18. The drill pipe 18 is provided on its outer surface preferably with two strips 24 extending axially symmetrically and spiral along its entire length from the drill bit 20 to its bearing in the housing 19. The strips 24 receive the cut off soil particles formed by cutting the earth with teeth 21 and moving it up to the earth's surface when rotating the drill pipe.

Inside the drill pipe 18, a fixed guide 25 is provided coaxially therewith to the housing 19, preferably in the form of a pipe having a thickening 26 at the free end, which is directed towards the axis of rotation of the drill pipe 18. The outer diameter of the guide 25 is smaller by 2 overall length up to 3 mm from the inside diameter of the drill pipe 18 and the guide 25 is long enough that the lower edge of the thickening 26 is 1 mm away from the upper edge of the drill bit 20. The function of the guide 25 is to hold the two-piece sample container 27 at rest and also to hold it together at the lower end. Another function is to prevent the material being drilled from entering the rotating drill pipe and the stationary sample container. Then, with its constant distance from the drill pipe 18, it allows air to be brought in under the drilled pattern when it is pulled from the ground, especially in moist soils. The lower, free edge 26 of the guide 25 is thickened against the axis of rotation of the drill pipe 18. The thickness of the free edge 26 is conditioned by the characteristics of the other elements of the device, which will be highlighted in the description of this element.

In the guide 25, a container 27 for receiving and storing a sample of soil 28 is coaxially and axially movable. In a preferred embodiment, the container 27 is designed as a two-pipe having a bottom edge of the pen 29 and coaxially with the drill pipe

-Ί18, both parts 27a and 27b being the same and having a semicircular cross-section and being disassembled, preferably screwed, connected at the end located on the upper outer side of the housing 19 with a bar 30 containing an ear 31 for a detachable connection with a holder 11 which is pivotably mounted on the top of the guide 6 by means of element 32 e.g. somics preferably removable without tools. Said detachable connection of the two halves of the container 27 is made by means of a bar 30 and preferably two screws with nuts 33 that simultaneously connect both halves 27a and 27b of the container 27. The lower edge of the container 27 is cut in the form of pens 28 so that they can be elastically twisted inwards for less than, up to 15 °. The container 27 is pivotally pivotally connected to the housing 19 by two screws 34 whose length is such that, at the beginning of the screwing, the lower edge of the pen 28 of the container 27 above the upper edge of the thickening guide 26 is guided 25 and can be screwed in such a way that the feathers are twisted. inwards, so that the diameter of the hole thus formed is smaller than the diameter of the circle of the tips of the teeth 21 on the drill bit 20. Before removing the drill assembly 7 from the floor, the screw 34 is further tightened so that the container 27 is coaxially pushed down, relative to the tubular guide 25. In doing so, due to the thickening 26 of the tubular guide 25, the pins 29 at the lower front edge of the container 27 are slightly twisted inward to retain the drilled soil of the sample in the container 27 so that it does not fall out of the container 27 while removing the drilling assembly from the ground. Before removing the container 27 from the tubular guide 25, when the drilling assembly 7 is in the horizontal position, the screw 34 is completely unscrewed.

Both halves 27a and 27b of the vessel 27 are, at the other end, preferably at an open transverse edge adjacent to the drill bit 20, individually connected and positioned by grooves 35 located on both longitudinal edges of one half of the vessel 27b, s the respective edges of the other half of the container 27a being arranged therein.

The thickening 26 of the guide 25 has, as previously stated, a thickness such that the inner diameter of the thickening 26 is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the container 27 and larger than the apparent diameter at which the cutting tips 23 of the teeth 21 are located.

-8The device according to the invention works by locating the tractor on the spot where we want to obtain a soil sample. Using the lever 2 and the hydraulic cylinder 8, align the drill pipe 18 in a vertical position, or in such a way that the axis of the pipe 18 flows coaxially with the desired pattern. Check that the connection of the holder 11 and the drilling assembly 7 is unlocked as shown in Figure 6a. We then turn on the drive unit 17 to rotate the drill pipe 18 and the means 10 for its axial displacement. The means 10 for controlling the axial displacement of the drilling assembly 7 pushes the drilling assembly 7 into the ground. The drill bit 20 cuts the soil in such a rotation that the soil inside that ring moves intactly into the container 27 for the purpose of exploring the sample 27. Due to the shape and orientation of the teeth 22 of the crown 20, the snippets of the crown 20 rotate radially outwards to the screw bands 24, which are transported upstream of tube 18 to the surface. The fixed guide 25 inside the drill pipe 18 provides the composite state and rest of the two-piece container 27. When the intended drilling depth is achieved and thus creates the desired long soil pattern in the vessel 27 according to Figure 6b, further screw the screws 34 to move the two-vessel vessel 27 relative to the tubular guide 25 is slightly downwards and, due to the thickening 26 of the pen 29, at the lower end of the container, they are twisted slightly together to retain the soil sample in the container. The drill assembly 7 is then pulled out by reversing the direction of action of the means 10 for moving the drill assembly 7 and changing the direction of rotation of the tube 17 by switching the drive unit 17. When the drill assembly 7 is pulled out of the hole, rotate the drill assembly 7 horizontally with the actuator 8. . We then connect to element 32, e.g. hold the handle 11 and the crossbar 30 of the container 27 and unscrew the screws 34 that connect the upper edge of the container 27 to the housing 19 as shown in Figure 6c. This is followed by the activation of means 10 for the axial displacement of the drilling assembly 7, thereby axially extracting the container 27 from the guide 25 in the drilling assembly 7 as shown in Figure 6d. When the container 27 is completely removed from the assembly 7, separate the two halves by unscrewing the screws 33 on the bar 30. This is followed by the removal of one half, e.g. 27a. Sample 28 is ready for research, which is no longer the subject of this invention. It is essential that the entire cross-section of the sample is intact throughout its length, which is an object of the present invention.

Claims (6)

A device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples, which is derived from a standard three-point attachment (1) for a tractor, comprising a attachment (1) for a longitudinally adjusting drilling angle and axially extendable legs (3) as floor supports, and, on a guide (6) with means (10), an axially movable drill assembly (7) with a drill pipe (18) and a container (27) for soil sample housed therein, wherein the drill assembly (7) comprises a housing (19) with a drive a unit (17) and a drill pipe (18) comprising, at the open end, a drill bit (20), characterized in that a hinge (4) is provided on the connection (1), preferably of two pivotally rotating drill plates the assembly (7) at least from the vertical to the horizontal position by means of an actuator (8), wherein a guide (6) of the drilling assembly (7) is mounted on the rotating part (5) of the hinge (4); provides a coaxially mounted guide (25) coaxially therewith to the housing (18) to the housing (19), preferably in the form of a pipe having a thickening (26) at the free end directed toward the axis of rotation of the drilling pipe (18); that a container (27) for receiving and storing a sample (28) of the soil is coaxially and axially movable in the guide (25); and the container (27) is disassembled with the holder (11) which is movably mounted on top of the guide (6) by means of the element (32). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill bit (20) has teeth (21) arranged so that their front cutting edge (22) is slanted with respect to the apparent perpendicular plane to the axis of rotation of the drill pipe (18), that the cutting tip (23), which comes first in contact with the earth, is adjacent to the axis of rotation of the pipe (18). Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the drill pipe (18) is provided on its outer surface preferably with two strips (24) extending axially symmetrically and spiral along its entire length from the drill bit (20). ) to its bearing in the housing (19). -104. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the guide (25) is smaller by 2 to 3 mm along the entire length than the inner diameter of the drill pipe (18) and the guide (25) is long enough so that the lower edge of the thickening ( 26) 1 mm away from the upper edge of the drill bit (20). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (27) is designed as a two-pipe, which runs coaxially with the drill pipe (18), preferably both parts (27a and 27b) being identical and having a semicircular cross section and being disassembled, preferably screwed, connected at the end, located on the upper, outer side of the housing (19), with a bar (30) containing an ear (31) for detachable connection with the holder (11), both halves being (27a and 27b) of the container (27) at least on one edge, preferably along the free transverse edge adjacent to the drill bit (20), disassembled and positioned by grooves 35 arranged on both longitudinal edges of one half receptacles (27b), with the corresponding edges of the other half of the receptacle (27a) placed therein. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the lower edge of the container (27) is cut out in the form of pens (28) so that it can be flexed inwardly by a small angle, up to a maximum of 15 °. Device according to claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that the container (27) is axially movably connected to the housing (19) by means of two screws (34) of such length that, at the beginning of the screwing, the lower edge of the pen (28) ) of the container (27) above the upper edge of the thickening (26) of the guide (25), and can be screwed in such a way that the feathers are twisted inwards so that the diameter of the hole thus formed is smaller than the diameter of the circle of the tips of the teeth (21) on the drill bit (20 ).