SI22761A - Device for non-destructive sampling of soil - Google Patents
Device for non-destructive sampling of soil Download PDFInfo
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- SI22761A SI22761A SI200900210A SI200900210A SI22761A SI 22761 A SI22761 A SI 22761A SI 200900210 A SI200900210 A SI 200900210A SI 200900210 A SI200900210 A SI 200900210A SI 22761 A SI22761 A SI 22761A
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- guide
- container
- drill
- pipe
- soil
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010039740 Screaming Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100293261 Mus musculus Naa15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
- E21B7/027—Drills for drilling shallow holes, e.g. for taking soil samples or for drilling postholes
- E21B7/028—Drills for drilling shallow holes, e.g. for taking soil samples or for drilling postholes the drilling apparatus being detachable from the vehicle, e.g. hand portable drills
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
- E02D1/025—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil combined with sampling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Naprava za jemanje strukturno neporušenih vzorcev talA device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples
Predmet izuma je naprava za jemanje strukturno neporušenih vzorcev tal. Naprava je prednostno namenjena za potrebe pedoloških, mehanskih, kemijskih in bioloških analiz tal, predvsem zgornje plasti predvsem v kmetijstvu.The subject of the invention is a device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples. The device is preferably intended for the needs of pedological, mechanical, chemical and biological analyzes of the soil, especially the upper layer, especially in agriculture.
Tehnični problemA technical problem
Tehnični problem, ki ga rešuje izum je takšna naprava za jemanje strukturno neporušenih vzorcev tal, ki bo pri tvorbi vzorca tal nanj vplivala mehansko in kemijsko v tako neznatni meri, da bo za raziskovalne namene tak vzorec sprejet kot neporušen vzorec, pri čemer naj bo naprava po izumu predvidena za namestitev na standardni tritočkovni priključni sistem traktorja in za priklop na njegov hidrostatični pogonski vir.A technical problem solved by the invention is such a device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples, which, when forming a soil sample, will affect it mechanically and chemically to such an insignificant extent that for research purposes such a sample will be accepted as an undisturbed sample, the device being according to the invention intended for mounting on a standard three-point tractor coupling system and for connection to its hydrostatic drive source.
Znano stanje tehnikeThe prior art
Na področju tovrstne opreme in naprav obstaja veliko rešitev in izvedb naprav za vzorčenje tal, od površinskih slojev do velikih globin. Pri raziskovanju tal, še posebno zgornje plasti zemljine do matične podlage, ki nima stabilne in homogene strukture, je jemanje neporušenih vzorcev tal velikega pomena za različne uporabnike. Predpostavlja se, da je pri raziskavah potrebno veliko število vzorcev na poljubno velikem območju. Zato je potrebno, da je taka naprava enostavno mobilna in energetsko avtonomna, prednostno priključena na terensko vozilo ali traktor s pogonskim, prednostno hidrostatičnim priključkom.In the field of such equipment and installations, there are many solutions and implementations of soil sampling devices, from surface layers to great depths. When exploring the soil, especially the topsoil to the parent ground, which does not have a stable and homogeneous structure, taking undisturbed soil samples is of great importance for different users. It is assumed that a large number of samples are required in an arbitrarily large area for research. It is therefore necessary for such a device to be easily mobile and energy-autonomous, preferably connected to an off-road vehicle or tractor with a drive, preferably hydrostatic, attachment.
Pri najenostavnejših napravah je zajemanje vzorca tal uporabljena cev, ki sejo potisne ali zabije v tla in nato izvleče skupaj z vzorcem, ki je v njej. Največkrat je na spodnjem koncu cevi nameščeno enosmerno vzmetno zapiralo, ki preprečuje izpad, predvsemFor the simplest of devices, a soil sample is taken using a tube that pushes or plugs the soil into the ground and then pulls it along with the sample contained therein. Most often, a one-way spring closure is installed at the lower end of the tube to prevent downtime, especially
-2sipkega materiala vzorca iz cevi pri izvlečenju. Taka rešitev je opisana v patentih DE 10119186 in DE 3424734.-2 bulk material of the sample from the tube when extracted. Such a solution is described in patents DE 10119186 and DE 3424734.
Podobna rešitev je razkrita v patentu US 2003/0089526. Pri tej izvedbi je v cevi še elastičen čepek, ki se pomika skupaj z vzorcem navzgor in preprečuje izpad materiala oz. izliv tekočine vzorca. V tem patentu in v patentih EP 1710354, GB 2276987, US 2003/0205408 in US 5492021 so opisane izvedbe z zunanjo nosilno cevjo in notranjo cevjo, v katero se shrani vzorec. Pri teh izvedbah se notranja cev z vzorcem izvleče tako, da se odstrani ali glavo na spodnji strani zunanje cevi in izvleče notranjo cev z vzorcem navzdol ali pa se razstavi spoj na zgornji strani zunanje cevi in izvleče notranjo cev z vzorcem navzgor. Pri vseh opisanih sistemih je potrebno vzorec zemljine iztisniti iz cevi, v katero se je pri vzorčenju shranil, na primer z batom. Pri tem pride do dodatnih poškodb strukture vzorca, ki vplivajo na popačenje rezultatov preizkušanja.A similar solution is disclosed in US Patent 2003/0089526. In this embodiment, there is also an elastic plug in the tube, which moves together with the sample upwards and prevents the material from falling out. sample fluid outflow. In this patent and in patents EP 1710354, GB 2276987, US 2003/0205408 and US 5492021, embodiments with an outer carrier tube and an inner tube into which the sample is stored are described. In these embodiments, the inner sample tube is pulled out by removing either the head at the underside of the outer tube and pulling the inner sample tube down, or by disassembling the joint at the upper side of the outer tube and pulling the inner sample tube upwards. For all the systems described, the soil sample must be squeezed out of the pipe into which it was stored during the sampling, for example with a plunger. This causes additional damage to the structure of the specimen, affecting the distortion of the test results.
Izvedba po patentu EP 1411206 ima eno cev, ki pa je vzdolžno razdeljena v dva simetrična dela - polcevi, ki se ju sestavi oz. razstavi z vzdolžnim premikom ene polovice nasproti drugi in tako ne pride do dodatnih poškodb pri iztiskanju vzorca iz cevi.EP 1411206 has one pipe, which is longitudinally divided into two symmetrical parts - the shelf, which is assembled or. dismantle by displacing one half opposite the other, thus avoiding further damage when extruding the sample from the tube.
Pri zgoraj opisanih izvedbah, razen US 5492021 se sonde za jemanje vzorcev v tla samo vtiskajo, največkrat z raznimi izvedbami kladiv ali nabijalnih mehanizmov.In the embodiments described above, with the exception of US 5492021, sampling probes are only pressed into the ground, most often with various hammer or ram mechanisms.
Pri izvedbah, ki so opisane v dokumentih US 5492021, DE 3424734 in US 4907659 pa se sonde pri vriskanju v tla tudi uvijajo, zaradi česar se zmanjša potrebna sila za vriskanje in samo gibanje sonde je bolj enakomerno in je zato zbijanje strukture v vzorcih manjše, vendar pa pride do porušitev vzorca na posameznih strižnih ravninah zaradi rotacije cevi, v katero se vzorec tal shranjuje.In the embodiments described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5492021, DE 3424734, and US 4907659, the probes are also twisted during screaming, which reduces the force required for screaming and the movement of the probe itself is more uniform and therefore the compression of the structure in the samples is smaller, however, specimen ruptures occur on individual shear planes due to the rotation of the tube into which the soil sample is stored.
-3Izvedba po US 4907659 ima vrtalno sondo z dvojno rotirajočo cevjo z zobci na čelu vrtalne krone. Pri tej izvedbi je premer jedra vzorca na mestu vrtanja, to je ob zobcih, večji, kot je svetli premer vrha krone ob prehodu v cev za sprejem vzorca. Zato se mora, ob vrtanju in pomikanju vrtalne cevi navzdol, material stiskati, kar spreminja strukturo vzorca. Istočasno pa lahko pride, zaradi trenja med mirujočim vzorcem tal in rotirajočo steno cevi, do preloma vzorčnega jedra in s tem do porušitve strukture.-3According to US 4907659 has a double rotary tube drilling probe with teeth at the head of the drill bit. In this embodiment, the diameter of the core of the sample at the drilling location, i.e. at the teeth, is larger than the bright diameter of the crown tip at the passage to the sample receiving tube. Therefore, when drilling and moving the drill pipe down, the material must be compressed, which changes the structure of the sample. At the same time, due to the friction between the stationary soil sample and the rotating wall of the pipe, fracture of the sample core can occur, thereby breaking the structure.
Naloga izuma je konstrukcija takšne naprave za jemanje strukturno neporušenih vzorcev tal ki bo konstrukcijsko enostavna in za uporabo zanesljiva in s katero bo mogoče ustvariti vzorce z zanemarljivimi mehansko kemijskimi poškodbami.It is an object of the invention to construct such a device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples that will be structurally simple and reliable to use and which will create samples with negligible mechanical and chemical damage.
Po izumu je naloga rešena z napravo zajemanje strukturno neporušenih vzorcev tal po neodvisnem patentnem zahtevku.According to the invention, the problem is solved by a device for collecting structurally undamaged soil samples according to an independent claim.
Bistvena značilnost naprave po izumu je v tem, da je na osnovnem ogrodju, ki je prirejeno za namestitev na vozilo, prednostno traktor s pogonskim hidrostatičnim priključkom, zasukljivo nameščeno vodilo, na katerem je strojno osno pomično nameščen vrtalni sklop, ki se sestoji iz zunanjega cevastega svedra, v njem koaksialnega fiksnega cevastega vodila in v navedenem vodilu osno pomične nevrtljive dvodelne cevaste posode za posamični vzorec. Nadalje je značilnost izuma v tem, da cevasti sveder vsebuje vrtalno krono s tako oblikovanimi zobmi, da najprej režejo na notranjem obodu in nato proti zunanjemu, pri čemer potujejo odrezki navzven. S tem je zagotovljeno za raziskovalne potrebe mehansko nepoškodovano pridobivanje vzorcev. Naslednja značilnost izuma je v tem, da srednje cevasto vodilo nudi vodenje v vodilu nahajajoče se posode za vzorec in omogoča dovod zraka pod vzorec pri izvlačenju iz tal, pri čemer je izključen kakršenkoli mehanski škodljiv vpliv svedra in vodila na vzorec v posodi. Končno je pomembna značilnost naprave po izumu v tem, da po izvlečenju vrtalnega sklopa iz tal omogoča njegov zasuk v horizontalni položaj in izvzem dvodelne cevaste posode z vzorcem tal iz vrtalnega sklopa na zgornji strani, brez poškodbe vzorca in tudi brez telesnega napora delavcev pri napravi.An essential feature of the device according to the invention is that on a basic frame adapted for mounting on a vehicle, preferably a tractor with a hydrostatic drive connection, a rotatably mounted guide on which a machine axially movably mounted drill assembly consisting of an outer tubular assembly a drill, therein a coaxial fixed tubular guide and in said guide a pivotally non-rotatable two-part tubular container for a single sample. It is further a feature of the invention that the tubular drill comprises a drill bit with teeth formed in such a way that they first cut at the inner circumference and then towards the outer circumference, with the cuts being cut outwards. This ensures mechanically intact sampling for research purposes. Another feature of the invention is that the medium tubular guide provides guidance in the guide of the sample container and allows air to be supplied to the sample when extracted from the ground, excluding any mechanical adverse effect of the drill and guide on the sample in the container. Finally, an important feature of the device according to the invention is that, after extracting the drilling assembly from the ground, it can be rotated to a horizontal position and the removal of a two-piece tubular container with a soil sample from the drilling assembly on the upper side, without damaging the sample and also without the physical exertion of workers on the device.
-4Opis izuma-4Description of the invention
Podrobneje bo bistvo izuma pojasnjeno z opisom izvedbenega primera z ozirom na priložene risbe, na katerih kaže:In more detail, the essence of the invention will be explained by a description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing:
Slika 1: Perspektivni pogled naprave po izumu,Figure 1: Perspective view of the device according to the invention,
Slika 2: Vzdolžni prerez vrtalnega sklopa z detajlom vrtalne krone,Figure 2: Longitudinal cross-section of the drilling unit with drill bit detail,
Slika 3: Dvodelna posoda za vzorec,Figure 3: Two-piece sample container,
Slika 4: Perspektivni pogled sredstva za nadzorovani pomik vrtalnega sklopa,Figure 4: Perspective view of the means for controlled movement of the drilling assembly,
Slika 5: Prerez vrtalnega sklopa (a) pred in (b) po pripiranju peres posode za vzorec, Slika 6: Perspektivni pogled naprave v stanju: (a) začetka vrtanja, (b) konca vrtanja, (c) zasukanega vrtalnega sklopa, (d) izvzete posode za vzorec.Figure 5: Cross-section of the drilling assembly (a) before and (b) after closing the sample container pens, Figure 6: Perspective view of the device in the state of: (a) start of drilling, (b) end of drilling, (c) rotated drill assembly, ( d) Excluded sample containers.
Naprava za jemanje strukturno neporušenih vzorcev tal je izvedena iz standardnega tritočkovnega priključka 1 za traktor, ki ni prikazan na slikah. Zgornja ročica 2 priključka 1 se lahko vzdolžno podaljša ali skrajša, s čimer je predvideno nastavljanje kota vrtanja v vzdolžni smeri osi priključnega vozila, kar bo podrobneje opisano kasneje. Nadalje vsebuje priključek 1 še dve osno podaljšljivi nogi 3 kot talni opori.The device for taking structurally undamaged soil samples is derived from the standard three-point attachment 1 for the tractor not shown in the figures. The upper lever 2 of connector 1 can be extended or shortened longitudinally, which provides for the adjustment of the drilling angle in the longitudinal direction of the axle of the trailer, which will be described in more detail later. Further, connector 1 further comprises two axially extendable legs 3 as floor supports.
Na priključku 1 je izveden tečaj 4, v prednostni izvedbi dveh osno med seboj vrtljivih plošč za sukanje vrtalnega sklopa 7 vsaj iz navpične v vodoravno lego s pomočjo aktuatorja 8. Na vrtljivem delu 5 tečaja 4 je nameščeno vodilo 6 vrtalnega sklopa 7. Vrtljivi del 5 tečaja je povezan s priključkom 1 preko aktuatorja 8, npr. hidravličnega cilindra. Z ustrezno dolgim gibom aktuatorja 8 rotira vrtljivi del 5 tečaja 4 in s tem vodilo 6, ki je pritrjeno na vrtljivi del 5 in vrtalni sklop 7 vsaj iz navpične v vodoravno lego in nazaj. Z nastavljanjem dolžine ročice 2 nastavljamo vzdolžni kot, s hidravličnim cilindrom akutatorja 8 pa prečni kot osi vrtanja glede na os priključnega vozila. Tako lahko nastavimo poljuben kot osi vrtanja glede na ravnino zemljine, ki jo preiskujemo oziroma glede na navpičnico v točki vrtanja.In connection 1, a hinge 4 is made, in the preferred embodiment of two axially rotating rotary plates for drilling assembly 7 at least from a vertical to a horizontal position by means of an actuator 8. On the rotating part 5 of the hinge 4, a guide 6 of the drilling assembly 7 is mounted. the hinge is connected to terminal 1 via actuator 8, e.g. hydraulic cylinder. With a sufficiently long stroke, the actuator 8 rotates the pivot portion 5 of the hinge 4, and thereby the guide 6, which is attached to the rotary part 5 and the drill assembly 7, at least vertically and horizontally and back. By adjusting the length of the lever 2, the longitudinal angle is adjusted, with the hydraulic cylinder of the battery 8 the transverse angle of the axis of rotation relative to the axis of the trailer. Thus, we can set any angle of the drilling axis according to the plane of the earth being examined or perpendicular to the point of drilling.
-5Na vodilu 6 je s pomočjo sredstva 10 osno pomičen vrtalni sklop 7 z vrtalno cevjo 18 in v njej nameščeno posodo 27 za vzorec zemljine, pri čemer vsebuje vrtalni sklop 7 ohišje 19 s pogonsko enoto 17 in vrtalno cev 18 ki vsebuje na prostem koncu vrtalno krono 20.-5At the means of the means 6, the axially movable drilling assembly 7 with the drill pipe 18 is mounted on the guide 6, and a soil sample container 27 is housed therein, the drilling assembly 7 comprising a housing 19 with a drive unit 17 and a drill pipe 18 containing a drill at the open end. crown 20.
Vodilo 6 vrtalnega sklopa 7 vsebuje vsaj eno tirnico 9, po kateri se v osni smeri nadzorovano premika vrtalni sklop 7, nadalje vsebuje vodilo 6 sredstvo 10 za nadzorovani pomik vrtalnega sklopa 7 po tirnici 9 in držalo 11, ki je uporabljeno pri izvlečenju vzorca, kar bo podrobneje opisano kasneje.The guide 6 of the drilling assembly 7 contains at least one rail 9, in which the drilling assembly 7 moves in an axial direction, further comprising the guide 6 means 10 for the controlled movement of the drilling assembly 7 along the rail 9 and the holder 11 used for drawing the sample, which will be described in more detail later.
Sredstvo 10 za pomik vrtalnega sklopa 7 je v prednostni izvedbi zasnovano iz hidravličnega cilindra 12, kije nameščen v vodilu 6 in vsebuje na koncu batnice vrvna kolesa 13, pri čemer sta na obeh koncih vodila 6, oziroma tirnic 9 nameščeni podobni vrvni kolesi 14 in 14a. Dve vrvi 15 sta nameščeni preko navedenih koles 13 in 14 in fiksirani z enima koncema na spodnji strani sani 16 vrtalnega sklopa 7 in z drugima koncema na valj hidravličnega cilindra 12. Tretja vrv 15a pa je z enim svojim koncem fiksirana na vrhu tirnice 9, speljana preko vrvnega kolesa 13 in 14a, ter z drugim koncem fiksirana na zgornji strani sani 16. Z osnim premikom batnice cilindra 12 za največ polovico dolžine tirnic 9 se, zaradi principa škripčevja, ki ga tvorijo kolesa 13 in 14, dve vrvi 15 ter kolo 14a in vrv 15a, in točke pritrditve vrvi na saneh 16 vrtalnega sklopa 7 in na navedenih točkah na tirnici 9, premika vrtalni sklop 7 za celo dolžino tirnic 9.The tool 10 for moving the drilling assembly 7 is preferably made of a hydraulic cylinder 12, which is mounted in the guide 6 and contains rope wheels 13 at the end of the piston, with similar rope wheels 14 and 14a mounted at both ends of the guide 6 or rails 9a. . Two ropes 15 are mounted over said wheels 13 and 14 and fixed at one end on the underside of the sleeve 16 of the drilling assembly 7 and with the other ends on the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 12. The third rope 15a is fixed at one end by the top of the rail 9, routed through the rope wheel 13 and 14a, and with the other end fixed on the upper side of the sleigh 16. By axially displacing the piston rod of the cylinder 12 by no more than half the length of the rails 9, two ropes 15 and the wheel 14a are due to the principle of pulleys formed by the wheels 13 and 14. and rope 15a, and the rope attachment points on the sleigh 16 of the drill assembly 7 and at the indicated points on the rail 9, moves the drill assembly 7 for the entire length of the rails 9.
Vrtalni sklop 7 vsebuje sani 16, ki drsijo po vsaj eni tirnici 9 nadzorovano, kot je bilo opisano v predhodnem odstavku. Na saneh 16 je nameščena pogonska enota 17, prednostno hidromotor, kot gonilo vrtalne cevi 18. Nadalje je na saneh 16 nameščeno ohišje 19, v katerem je vrtljivo uležajena vrtalna cev 18. Prenos vrtilnega momenta s pogonske enote 17 na vrtalno cev 18 je izveden na poljuben znan način, npr. preko verige ali zobnikov.The drilling assembly 7 comprises a sled 16 that slides along at least one rail 9 in a controlled manner as described in the previous paragraph. On the sled 16, a drive unit 17, preferably a hydromotor, is mounted as the drive of the drill pipe 18. Further on the sled 16 is a housing 19 in which the rotary shaft 18 is rotated. The transfer of torque from the drive unit 17 to the drill pipe 18 is carried out at any known manner, e.g. through a chain or gears.
-6Vrtalna cev 18 je na prostem robu opremljena z vrtalno krono 20. Zobje 21 vrtalne krone 20 imajo čelni rezalni rob 22 poševen glede na navidezno pravokotno ravnino na os vrtenja vrtalne cevi 18 tako, da se nahaja rezalna konica 23, ki prihaja prva v stik z zemljino, priležno osi vrtenja cevi 18. Zobje 21 so postavljeni tudi poševno glede na normale v točkah, kjer se nahajajo konice 23 zob 21. Širina zob 21 je določena glede na druge elemente naprave, kar bo pojasnjeno kasneje ob opisu teh elementov. S tem je doseženo, da zobje 21 odrivajo odrezane delce zemljine proti zunanjemu obodu vrtalne cevi 18. Vrtalna cev 18 je na svoji zunanji površini opremljena s prednostno dvema trakovoma 24, ki potekata osno simetrično in spiralno po vsej njeni dolžini in sicer od vrtalne krone 20 do njenega uležajenja v ohišju 19. Trakova 24 sprejemata odrezane delce zemljine, ki se tvorijo ob rezanju zemljine z zobmi 21 in jih pri rotaciji vrtalne cevi pomikata navzgor do površine zemljine.-6The drill pipe 18 is provided with a drill bit 20 at the free edge 20. The teeth 21 of the drill bit 20 have a cutting edge edge 22 tapered with respect to the apparent perpendicular plane to the axis of rotation of the drill pipe 18 so that the cutting tip 23 that comes first in contact is located with the ground adjacent to the axis of rotation of the pipe 18. The teeth 21 are also positioned obliquely relative to the normals at the points where the tips 23 of the teeth 21 are located. The width of the teeth 21 is determined with respect to other elements of the device, which will be explained later in the description of these elements. In this way, the teeth 21 are cut off by the cut off soil particles towards the outer periphery of the drill pipe 18. The drill pipe 18 is provided on its outer surface preferably with two strips 24 extending axially symmetrically and spiral along its entire length from the drill bit 20 to its bearing in the housing 19. The strips 24 receive the cut off soil particles formed by cutting the earth with teeth 21 and moving it up to the earth's surface when rotating the drill pipe.
Znotraj vrtalne cevi 18 je koaksialno z njo na ohišje 19 fiksno nameščeno vodilo 25, prednostno v obliki cevi, ki ima na prostem koncu odebelitev 26, ki je usmerjena proti osi vrtenja vrtalne cevi 18. Zunanji premer vodila 25 je po celotni dolžini manjši za 2 do 3 mm, od notranjega premera vrtalne cevi 18 in je vodilo 25 dolgo toliko, da je spodnji rob odebelitve 26 oddaljen od zgornjega roba vrtalne krone 20 za 1 mm. Funkcija vodila 25 je v tem, da drži v mirovanju dvodelno posodo za vzorec 27 in jo na spodnjem koncu tudi drži skupaj. Druga funkcija je, da preprečuje materialu ki ga vrtamo, da bi zahajal med vrtečo se vrtalno cev in mirujočo posodo za vzorec. Potem s svojim konstantnim odmikom od vrtalne cevi 18 omogoča dovod zraka na mesto pod izvrtani vzorec, ko le tega vlečemo iz tal, še posebno v vlažnih tleh. Spodnji, prosti rob 26 vodila 25 je odebeljen proti osi vrtenja vrtalne cevi 18. Debelina prostega roba 26 je pogojena z značilnostmi drugih elementov naprave, kar bo izpostavljeno pri opisu tega elementa.Inside the drill pipe 18, a fixed guide 25 is provided coaxially therewith to the housing 19, preferably in the form of a pipe having a thickening 26 at the free end, which is directed towards the axis of rotation of the drill pipe 18. The outer diameter of the guide 25 is smaller by 2 overall length up to 3 mm from the inside diameter of the drill pipe 18 and the guide 25 is long enough that the lower edge of the thickening 26 is 1 mm away from the upper edge of the drill bit 20. The function of the guide 25 is to hold the two-piece sample container 27 at rest and also to hold it together at the lower end. Another function is to prevent the material being drilled from entering the rotating drill pipe and the stationary sample container. Then, with its constant distance from the drill pipe 18, it allows air to be brought in under the drilled pattern when it is pulled from the ground, especially in moist soils. The lower, free edge 26 of the guide 25 is thickened against the axis of rotation of the drill pipe 18. The thickness of the free edge 26 is conditioned by the characteristics of the other elements of the device, which will be highlighted in the description of this element.
V vodilu 25 je koaksialno in osno pomično nameščena posoda 27 za sprejem in hrambo vzorca 28 zemljine. Posoda 27 je v prednostnem izvedbenem primeru zasnovana kot dvodelna cev, ki ima na spodnjem robu peresa 29, in poteka koaksialno z vrtalno cevjoIn the guide 25, a container 27 for receiving and storing a sample of soil 28 is coaxially and axially movable. In a preferred embodiment, the container 27 is designed as a two-pipe having a bottom edge of the pen 29 and coaxially with the drill pipe
-Ί18, pri čemer sta oba dela 27a in 27b enaka in imata polkrožen presek in sta med seboj razstavljivo, prednostno vijačno, povezana na koncu, ki se nahaja na zgornji zunanji strani ohišja 19, s prečko 30, ki vsebuje uho 31 za razstavljivo povezavo z držalom 11, ki je zasukljivo nameščeno na vrhu vodila 6 s pomočjo elementa 32 npr. somika, ki je prednostno odstranljiv brez orodja. Navedena razstavljiva povezava obeh polovic posode 27 je izvedena s pomočjo prečke 30 in prednostno dveh vijakov z maticama 33, ki hkrati povezujeta obe polovici 27a in 27b posode 27. Spodnji rob posode 27 je izrezan v obliki peres 28, da se lahko elastično uvijejo navznoter za manjši kot, največ do 15°. Posoda 27 je osno pomično povezana z ohišjem 19 s pomočjo dveh vijakov 34, katerih dolžina ja tolikšna, da je v začetku privijanja spodnji rob peres 28 posode 27 nad zgornjim robom odebelitve 26 vodila 25, in jih je mogoče priviti toliko, da se peresa uvijejo navznoter toliko, daje premer tako tvorjene odprtine manjši od premera kroga konic zob 21 na vrtalni kroni 20. Pred izvlačenjem vrtalnega sklopa 7 iz tal se vijaka 34 dodatno privije, da se posoda 27 soosno potisne navzdol, relativno na cevasto vodilo 25. Pri tem se peresa 29 na spodnjem čelnem robu posode 27, zaradi odebelitve 26 na cevastem vodilu 25, nekoliko uvijejo navznoter in tako zadržijo izvrtano zemljino vzorca v posodi 27, da le ta ne izpade iz posode 27 med izvlačenjem vrtalnega sklopa iz tal. Pred izvzemom posode 27 iz cevastega vodila 25, ko je vrtalni sklop 7 v vodoravnem položaju, pa se vijaka 34 popolnoma odvije.-Ί18, both parts 27a and 27b being the same and having a semicircular cross-section and being disassembled, preferably screwed, connected at the end located on the upper outer side of the housing 19 with a bar 30 containing an ear 31 for a detachable connection with a holder 11 which is pivotably mounted on the top of the guide 6 by means of element 32 e.g. somics preferably removable without tools. Said detachable connection of the two halves of the container 27 is made by means of a bar 30 and preferably two screws with nuts 33 that simultaneously connect both halves 27a and 27b of the container 27. The lower edge of the container 27 is cut in the form of pens 28 so that they can be elastically twisted inwards for less than, up to 15 °. The container 27 is pivotally pivotally connected to the housing 19 by two screws 34 whose length is such that, at the beginning of the screwing, the lower edge of the pen 28 of the container 27 above the upper edge of the thickening guide 26 is guided 25 and can be screwed in such a way that the feathers are twisted. inwards, so that the diameter of the hole thus formed is smaller than the diameter of the circle of the tips of the teeth 21 on the drill bit 20. Before removing the drill assembly 7 from the floor, the screw 34 is further tightened so that the container 27 is coaxially pushed down, relative to the tubular guide 25. In doing so, due to the thickening 26 of the tubular guide 25, the pins 29 at the lower front edge of the container 27 are slightly twisted inward to retain the drilled soil of the sample in the container 27 so that it does not fall out of the container 27 while removing the drilling assembly from the ground. Before removing the container 27 from the tubular guide 25, when the drilling assembly 7 is in the horizontal position, the screw 34 is completely unscrewed.
Obe polovici 27a in 27b posode 27 sta na drugem koncu, prednostno na prostem prečnem robu, ki se nahaja v bližini vrtalne krone 20, razstavljivo povezani in med seboj pozicionirani z žleboma 35, ki sta nameščena na obeh vzdolžnih robovih ene polovice posode 27b, s tem, da sta odgovarjajoča robova druge polovice posode 27a umeščena vanj.Both halves 27a and 27b of the vessel 27 are, at the other end, preferably at an open transverse edge adjacent to the drill bit 20, individually connected and positioned by grooves 35 located on both longitudinal edges of one half of the vessel 27b, s the respective edges of the other half of the container 27a being arranged therein.
Odebelitev 26 vodila 25 ima, kot je bilo že navedeno, tolikšno debelino, da je notranji premer odebelitve 26 enak ali manjši od notranjega premera posode 27 in večji od navideznega premera, na katerem se nahajajo rezalne konice 23 zob 21.The thickening 26 of the guide 25 has, as previously stated, a thickness such that the inner diameter of the thickening 26 is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the container 27 and larger than the apparent diameter at which the cutting tips 23 of the teeth 21 are located.
-8Naprava po izumu deluje tako, da nameščeno na traktor lociramo na mesto, kjer želimo dobiti vzorec zemljine. Z ročico 2 in hidravličnim cilindrom 8 naravnamo vrtalno cev 18 v navpično lego oziroma v tako, da teče os cevi 18 soosno z želenim vzorcem. Preverimo, da je povezava držala 11 in vrtalnega sklopa 7 razklenjena kot prikazuje slika 6a. Nato vklopimo pogonsko enoto 17 za vrtenje vrtalne cevi 18 in sredstvo 10 za njen aksialni pomik. Sredstvo 10 za nadzorovani aksialni pomik vrtalnega sklopa 7 potiska le-tega v tla. Vrtalna krona 20 reže zemljino v takem kolobarju, da se zemljina znotraj tega kolobarja za potrebe raziskav vzorca nepoškodovano pomika v posodo 27. Odrezki zemljine, ki nastanejo pri vrtanju, se zaradi oblike in usmeritve zob 22 krone 20 usmerijo radialno navzven do vijačnih trakov 24, kijih transportirata navzgor ob cevi 18 na površino. Fiksno vodilo 25 znotraj vrtalne cevi 18 zagotavlja sestavljeno stanje in mirovanje dvodelne posode 27. Ko je dosežena načrtovana globina vrtanja in s tem ustvarjen želeno dolg vzorec tal v posodi 27 po sliki 6b, dodatno privijemo vijaka 34, da se dvodelna posoda 27 pomakne relativno na cevasto vodilo 25 nekoliko navzdol in se zaradi odebelitve 26 peresa 29 na spodnjem koncu posode nekoliko uvijejo skupaj in tako zadržijo vzorec zemljine v posodi. Nato izvlečemo vrtalni sklop 7 s tem, da obrnemo smer delovanja sredstva 10 za pomik vrtalnega sklopa 7 in preklopom pogonske enote 17 spremenimo smer vrtenja cevi 18. Ko je vrtalni sklop 7 izvlečen iz vrtine, zasukamo s pomočjo aktuatorja 8 vrtalni sklop 7 v vodoravno lego. Nato povežemo z elementom 32, npr. somikom držalo 11 in prečko 30 posode 27 in odvijemo vijaka 34, ki povezujeta zgornji rob posode 27 z ohišjem 19 kot je prikazuje slika 6c. Sledi vklop sredstva 10 za osni pomik vrtalnega sklopa 7, s čimer se osno izvleče posoda 27 iz vodila 25 v vrtalnem sklopu 7 kot prkazuje slika 6d. Ko je posoda 27 popolnoma izvlečena iz sklopa 7, ločimo obe njeni polovici z odvitjem vijakov 33 na prečki 30. Sledi odstranitev ene polovice, npr. 27a. Vzorec 28 je pripravljen za raziskavo, kar pa ni več predmet tega izuma. Bistveno pri tem je, daje ves presek vzorca po vsej dolžini nepoškodovan, kar je cilj tega izuma.-8The device according to the invention works by locating the tractor on the spot where we want to obtain a soil sample. Using the lever 2 and the hydraulic cylinder 8, align the drill pipe 18 in a vertical position, or in such a way that the axis of the pipe 18 flows coaxially with the desired pattern. Check that the connection of the holder 11 and the drilling assembly 7 is unlocked as shown in Figure 6a. We then turn on the drive unit 17 to rotate the drill pipe 18 and the means 10 for its axial displacement. The means 10 for controlling the axial displacement of the drilling assembly 7 pushes the drilling assembly 7 into the ground. The drill bit 20 cuts the soil in such a rotation that the soil inside that ring moves intactly into the container 27 for the purpose of exploring the sample 27. Due to the shape and orientation of the teeth 22 of the crown 20, the snippets of the crown 20 rotate radially outwards to the screw bands 24, which are transported upstream of tube 18 to the surface. The fixed guide 25 inside the drill pipe 18 provides the composite state and rest of the two-piece container 27. When the intended drilling depth is achieved and thus creates the desired long soil pattern in the vessel 27 according to Figure 6b, further screw the screws 34 to move the two-vessel vessel 27 relative to the tubular guide 25 is slightly downwards and, due to the thickening 26 of the pen 29, at the lower end of the container, they are twisted slightly together to retain the soil sample in the container. The drill assembly 7 is then pulled out by reversing the direction of action of the means 10 for moving the drill assembly 7 and changing the direction of rotation of the tube 17 by switching the drive unit 17. When the drill assembly 7 is pulled out of the hole, rotate the drill assembly 7 horizontally with the actuator 8. . We then connect to element 32, e.g. hold the handle 11 and the crossbar 30 of the container 27 and unscrew the screws 34 that connect the upper edge of the container 27 to the housing 19 as shown in Figure 6c. This is followed by the activation of means 10 for the axial displacement of the drilling assembly 7, thereby axially extracting the container 27 from the guide 25 in the drilling assembly 7 as shown in Figure 6d. When the container 27 is completely removed from the assembly 7, separate the two halves by unscrewing the screws 33 on the bar 30. This is followed by the removal of one half, e.g. 27a. Sample 28 is ready for research, which is no longer the subject of this invention. It is essential that the entire cross-section of the sample is intact throughout its length, which is an object of the present invention.
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DE102009058265A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
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