CN106680055A - Sample preparation device of multifunctional soft clay hollow cylindrical test sample and sample preparation method - Google Patents
Sample preparation device of multifunctional soft clay hollow cylindrical test sample and sample preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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Abstract
一种多功能软黏土空心圆柱试样制样装置，其手自两用试样内芯切取装置包括多功能底座、内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器及其支撑定位装置和内芯切取装置,所述内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器包括可拆卸分瓣式护筒和可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托，所述支撑定位装置由四根支撑定位竖杆和带标尺的支撑横杆组成，所述内芯切取装置包括内芯切取圆柱状钻筒、螺旋钻杆、转动手柄和可拆卸内芯取样定位探头；其空心圆柱试样外壁切削成型装置包括多功能底座、多根可拆卸粗、精切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆、可拆卸切削护壁、顶板、顶部卡位护板和可拆卸削土顶托。该装置可为大型空心扭剪仪制取空心圆柱试样，将切削外壁和内芯切取功能的合二为一且实验全过程定位准确。
A multifunctional soft clay hollow cylinder sample preparation device, the manual dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device includes a multifunctional base, a cylindrical soil container for inner core cutting and its support positioning device, and an inner core cutting device, the The inner core is cut into a cylindrical soil container including a detachable split-type casing and a detachable split-type casing bottom bracket. The support and positioning device is composed of four support and positioning vertical bars and a support horizontal bar with a scale. The inner The core cutting device includes a cylindrical drill barrel for core cutting, an auger rod, a rotating handle and a detachable inner core sampling and positioning probe; the cutting and forming device for the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical sample includes a multifunctional base, multiple detachable rough and fine cutting soil The outer wall of the sample is positioned to support the vertical bar, the detachable cutting wall, the top plate, the top clamping guard plate and the detachable cutting soil jack. The device can be used to prepare hollow cylindrical samples for large-scale hollow torsional shear instruments. It combines the functions of cutting the outer wall and cutting the inner core into one, and the positioning of the whole process of the experiment is accurate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种适用于研究土体动力特性扭剪试验的制样装置，特别涉及一种多功能软黏土空心圆柱试样制样装置，该装置适用于沿海软土、淤泥质土等高含水率、高压缩性、易扰动土体。The invention relates to a sample preparation device suitable for studying the torsional shear test of soil dynamic characteristics, in particular to a multifunctional soft clay hollow cylinder sample preparation device, which is suitable for coastal soft soil, silty soil and other high water content rate, high compressibility, easily disturbed soil.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着国内城市轨道交通工程的蓬勃发展，带动了一大批关于土体动力特性的研究项目，这些研究项目中通常均需要开展土体扭剪试验研究。目前针对此类项目开展试验最常用的大型仪器基本都是GCTS、GDS等少数国外品牌，试验前均需制取大尺寸试样，但是仪器本身均不配备制样装置。如何制取符合试验要求的空心圆柱试样，特别是如何在尽量减小对土体扰动情况下将原状土体制成满足扭剪试验要求的空心圆柱形试样，就成为当前亟待解决的棘手问题。此前国外对制取空心圆柱试样的制样方法大多分为机械式取芯法和电渗式取芯法两种，前者以英国帝国理工学院的研究成果为代表，应用对象是强度很高的伦敦超固结黏土，采用方法是先切削外壁使之符合要求，然后水平固定试样后采用钻刀渐进修正掏挖土样，使内径符合要求；后者以以色列科学技术研究所的研究成果为代表，针对土样是天然含水率达到80％-100％，液限接近90％的高灵敏度软土，采用方法是通过施加直流电源正负极，利用电势降使试样中的水产生流动而形成润滑作用，切割外壁和内芯时也是联通电极，用张紧的电线切割掏挖土样，使土屑自然分离。国内目前采用的制样方法以浙江大学方法为主，采用机械式掏挖内芯，先切削外壁，然后采用螺旋钻头从土样底部即从下而上的方式掏空土样。In recent years, with the vigorous development of urban rail transit projects in China, a large number of research projects on the dynamic characteristics of soil have been brought forward. These research projects usually require soil torsional shear test research. At present, the most commonly used large-scale instruments for testing such projects are basically a few foreign brands such as GCTS and GDS. Large-sized samples need to be prepared before the test, but the instruments themselves are not equipped with sample preparation devices. How to prepare a hollow cylindrical sample that meets the test requirements, especially how to make the undisturbed soil into a hollow cylindrical sample that meets the requirements of the torsional shear test while minimizing the disturbance to the soil, has become a thorny problem to be solved urgently . Previous foreign sample preparation methods for hollow cylindrical samples were mostly divided into two types: mechanical coring method and electroosmotic coring method. The former is represented by the research results of the Imperial College of Technology in the United Kingdom, and the application object is very high strength. For super-consolidated clay in London, the method is to first cut the outer wall to make it meet the requirements, then fix the sample horizontally, and then use a drill to gradually correct and excavate the soil sample to make the inner diameter meet the requirements; the latter is based on the research results of the Israel Institute of Science and Technology. Representative, for the soil sample is a highly sensitive soft soil with a natural moisture content of 80%-100% and a liquid limit close to 90%. To form a lubrication effect, when cutting the outer wall and the inner core, the electrode is also connected, and the soil sample is cut and excavated with a tensioned wire, so that the soil debris is naturally separated. The current sample preparation method in China is mainly based on the method of Zhejiang University. The inner core is mechanically dug, the outer wall is cut first, and then the soil sample is hollowed out from the bottom of the soil sample with an auger bit, that is, from bottom to top.
经过分析比较发现上述方法均有其制约性，比如机械式取芯法针对大尺寸试样缺乏定位孔心的校准手段，再加上分步骤实施，很容易在实施过程由于缺少着力支撑点造成偏孔，且对软黏土扰动过大；电渗式取芯法对于国内沿海地区软黏土不适合，由于很多土的含水量达不到国外该方法的制取前提条件，导致通电渗流过程较难产生理想的润滑效果，而用来切割内芯的电线对于较大尺寸和较高尺寸试验制取时候同样出现校准定位不准确，张拉不到位，最终导致制样失败；国内浙大的方法虽然有一定进步性，但是先切削外壁的方法一旦遇到后期内芯取土偏孔造成的尺寸不符，整个试样只好废掉，同时，从底部旋转式掏挖土样的方法也同样遇到没有准确定位和直线切削偏孔造成的尺寸不符问题。另外，上述三种方法都有一个通病，即土样内芯切削和外壁切削由于装置未能合二为一，在转移土样和制样过程对土的扰动过大，影响后期试验参数准确性。After analysis and comparison, it is found that the above methods have their limitations. For example, the mechanical coring method lacks a calibration method for positioning the center of the hole for large-scale samples. The electroosmotic coring method is not suitable for soft clay in coastal areas in China, because the water content of many soils cannot meet the preconditions for the preparation of this method abroad, making it difficult to generate electrified seepage Ideal lubricating effect, but the wire used to cut the inner core also has inaccurate calibration and positioning when the test is made with a larger size and a higher size, and the tension is not in place, which eventually leads to the failure of the sample preparation; although the method of the domestic Zhejiang University has certain Progressive, but the method of cutting the outer wall first encounters the size discrepancy caused by the partial hole in the inner core, and the whole sample has to be discarded. At the same time, the method of rotating the soil sample from the bottom also encounters inaccurate positioning. Dimensional inconsistency with straight-line cutting eccentric holes. In addition, the above three methods all have a common problem, that is, the cutting of the inner core of the soil sample and the cutting of the outer wall are not integrated into one device, and the soil is disturbed too much during the process of transferring the soil sample and preparing the sample, which affects the accuracy of the later test parameters. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于研发弥补现有技术空白，而提供一种多功能软黏土空心圆柱试样制样装置，该装置适用于沿海高含水量、高压缩性、高灵敏度的软黏土土样，既可以为GCTS、GDS等主流大型空心扭剪仪制取空心圆柱试样，又能实现切削外壁和内芯切取功能的合二为一，尽量减小对土样的扰动，同时在制样过程中充分考虑到土样特点，可完美实现实验全过程的准确定位。The purpose of the present invention is to research and develop to make up for the gaps in the prior art, and to provide a multifunctional soft clay hollow cylinder sample preparation device, which is suitable for soft clay soil samples with high water content, high compressibility and high sensitivity in the coastal areas. It can produce hollow cylindrical samples for mainstream large-scale hollow torsional shear instruments such as GCTS and GDS, and can realize the combination of cutting outer wall and inner core cutting functions, minimizing disturbance to soil samples, and at the same time, during the sample preparation process Fully considering the characteristics of soil samples, it can perfectly realize the accurate positioning of the whole experiment process.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：一种多功能软黏土空心圆柱试样制样装置，其特征在于：由手自两用试样内芯切取装置和空心圆柱试样外壁切削成型装置组成，两套装置共用一个多功能底座，该多功能底座内附带定位标尺和可升降削土底托，底托上制有多个插针；其中手自两用试样内芯切取装置包括多功能底座、内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器及其支撑定位装置和内芯切取装置,所述内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器包括可拆卸分瓣式护筒和可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托，可拆卸分瓣式护筒安装在可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托上，可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托与多功能底座连接，所述支撑定位装置由四根支撑定位竖杆和带标尺的支撑横杆组成，四根支撑定位竖杆均布在可拆卸分瓣式护筒外围且与可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托固接，相邻两根支撑定位竖杆之间连接带标尺的支撑定位横杆，相对两根支撑定位竖杆之间连接定位水平标尺，所述内芯切取装置包括可替换尺寸的内芯切取圆柱状钻筒、螺旋钻杆、转动手柄和可拆卸内芯取样定位探头；空心圆柱试样外壁切削成型装置的多功能底座外围固装多根可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆，多根可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆内侧固装多根可拆卸精切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆，这些定位支撑竖杆之间安装可拆卸切削护壁、这些定位支撑竖杆的顶部连接顶板，顶板的上部和底部分别连接顶部卡位护板和可拆卸削土顶托，可拆卸削土顶托的上部安装螺栓，下端制有插针。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multifunctional soft clay hollow cylindrical sample sample preparation device, characterized in that: it is cut and formed by a manual dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device and a hollow cylindrical sample outer wall The two sets of devices share a multifunctional base, which is equipped with a positioning scale and a liftable soil cutting base, and a plurality of pins are formed on the base; the manual dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device includes a multifunctional base, a cylindrical soil container for cutting the inner core and its supporting positioning device and an inner core cutting device, the cylindrical soil container for cutting the inner core includes a detachable split-type casing and a detachable split-type casing bottom bracket, The detachable split-type casing is installed on the detachable split-type casing bottom bracket, and the detachable split-type casing bottom bracket is connected with the multi-functional base. The support and positioning device consists of four support and positioning vertical rods and a scale The four supporting and positioning vertical bars are evenly distributed on the periphery of the detachable split-type casing and are fixedly connected with the bottom support of the detachable split-type casing, and the connecting bands between adjacent two supporting and positioning vertical bars The supporting and positioning horizontal bar is connected to the positioning horizontal scale between the two supporting and positioning vertical bars. The inner core cutting device includes a replaceable size inner core cutting cylindrical drill barrel, an auger rod, a rotating handle and a detachable inner core. Sampling and positioning probe; the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical sample is cut and formed. The outer wall of the hollow cylindrical sample is fixed on the periphery of the multifunctional base. Multiple detachable rough-cut soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical rods are installed. The outer wall of the detachable fine-cut soil sample is positioned to support vertical bars, and a detachable cutting wall is installed between these positioning support vertical bars. Remove the soil-cutting jacking bracket, the upper mounting bolts of the soil-cutting jacking bracket can be disassembled, and the lower end is shaped with pins.
上述可拆卸分瓣式护筒内放置可拆卸分瓣式护筒固定卡扣。A detachable split-type casing fixing buckle is placed in the above-mentioned detachable split-type casing.
上述可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托与多功能底座之间通过护筒-多功能底座固定螺栓连接。The above-mentioned detachable split-type casing bottom support and the multi-functional base are connected by fixing bolts of the casing-multi-functional base.
上述支撑定位竖杆与带标尺的支撑横杆之间、支撑定位竖杆与定位水平标尺之间均通过固定螺栓连接。The above-mentioned supporting positioning vertical bar and the supporting horizontal bar with a scale, between the supporting positioning vertical bar and the positioning horizontal scale are all connected by fixing bolts.
上述顶板和顶部卡位护板之间、顶板和多根可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆之间、可拆卸切削护壁与顶板和顶部卡位护板之间均采用固定螺栓连接。Fixing bolts are used for connection between the above-mentioned top plate and the top clamping guard plate, between the top plate and multiple detachable rough-cut soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical rods, and between the detachable cutting guard wall and the top plate and the top clamping guard plate.
本装置进行制样步骤如下：The sample preparation steps of this device are as follows:
①将取得的原状软黏土大尺寸土样轻置在可拆卸分瓣式护筒中，并用可拆卸分瓣式护筒固定卡扣固定，将可拆卸分瓣式护筒、可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托通过护筒底托-多功能底座固定螺栓固定在多功能底座上；① Place the obtained large-size soil sample of the original soft clay lightly in the detachable split-type casing, and fix it with the fixing buckle of the detachable split-type casing. The cylinder bottom bracket is fixed on the multi-function base through the casing bottom bracket-multifunctional base fixing bolts;
②将四根支撑定位竖杆固定立置在可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托上，将定位水平标尺连接在相对的支撑定位竖杆之间，将可拆卸内芯取样定位探头安装在定位水平标尺上，根据试验用试样的空心内径和试样外径尺寸进行中心定位留标记，确定后将可拆卸内芯取样定位探头取下固定在需要钻取的空心内经圆心处。然后拆卸定位水平标尺；②Put the four supporting and positioning vertical bars on the detachable split-type casing bottom support, connect the positioning horizontal scale between the opposite supporting and positioning vertical bars, and install the detachable inner core sampling positioning probe on the positioning level On the scale, mark the center according to the hollow inner diameter of the test sample and the outer diameter of the sample. After confirmation, remove the detachable inner core sampling positioning probe and fix it at the center of the hollow inner meridian that needs to be drilled. Then disassemble the positioning horizontal ruler;
③更换安装内芯切取套筒的支撑横杆并与支撑定位竖杆固定，根据试验用尺寸选取合适的内芯切取圆柱状钻筒及配套螺旋钻杆和配套转动手柄，并依次安装好；调试支撑横杆位置，使得内芯切取圆柱状钻筒下部刚刚好接触土样表面，此时固定支撑横杆，根据已经确定的钻芯的内径和圆心，按照横杆上标尺位置，调整钻筒使得钻筒圆心和上一步确定的需钻取的内芯圆心刚好重合，最后确定否连接外部电机；③Replace and install the support cross bar of the inner core cutting sleeve and fix it with the support positioning vertical bar, select the appropriate inner core according to the size of the test, cut out the cylindrical drill barrel, the supporting auger drill pipe and the supporting rotating handle, and install them in sequence; debug Support the position of the cross bar so that the inner core cuts the lower part of the cylindrical drill pipe just to touch the surface of the soil sample. At this time, fix the support cross bar. The center of the drill barrel coincides with the center of the inner core determined in the previous step to be drilled, and finally determine whether to connect the external motor;
④安装完毕后检查装置彼此连接完好，旋转配套手柄确定螺旋钻杆带动内芯切取圆柱状钻筒均匀向下；④ After installation, check that the devices are well connected with each other, and rotate the supporting handle to confirm that the auger drill rod drives the inner core to cut the cylindrical drill barrel evenly downward;
⑤当内芯切取圆柱状钻筒每次钻入原状试样的内芯深度达到20mm-30mm时，将旋转手柄反方向旋转操作，旋出钻筒，将钻筒内土体清除，再重新钻入；⑤ When the inner core is cut out of the cylindrical drill tube and drilled into the original sample to a depth of 20mm-30mm each time, rotate the rotary handle in the opposite direction, unscrew the drill tube, remove the soil in the drill tube, and then drill again enter;
⑥当内芯切取圆柱状钻筒取芯的累计深度超过试样标准高度的30mm时停止钻孔，将旋转手柄反方向旋转操作，旋出钻筒；⑥ Stop drilling when the cumulative depth of cylindrical drill tube coring by inner core cutting exceeds 30mm of the standard height of the sample, and rotate the rotating handle in the opposite direction to unscrew the drill tube;
⑦完成上述工作后即可以按照以下顺序拆除手自两用试样内芯切取装置；⑦ After the above work is completed, the manual dual-purpose sample core cutting device can be removed in the following order;
⑧更换空心圆柱试样外壁削切成型装置，先将可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆安装在多功能底座上，然后旋转底座内升降控制按钮，将隐藏在多功能底座内可升降削土底托升起，将底托按照定位插入护筒内的土体下端，底托上的针刚好扎入并抓牢土体，随后调整可拆卸削土定位顶托使得顶托下端针刚好将护筒内土体的上端抓牢且定位准确,定位顶托上部螺栓从下向上穿过顶板、顶部卡位护板拧紧,将顶部卡位护板和顶板、顶板和可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆固定，此时松开可拆卸分瓣式护筒固定卡扣，去掉可拆卸分瓣式护筒，用钢丝锯沿可拆卸切削外壁定位支撑竖杆对原状空心试样进行外壁切割，确保土样尺寸初步符合精确削切土样外壁定位支撑杆的最大外围尺寸；⑧ To replace the cutting and forming device for the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical sample, first install the detachable rough-cut soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical bar on the multi-functional base, and then rotate the lifting control button in the base to hide it in the multi-functional base. Lift up the soil-cutting bottom support, insert the bottom support into the lower end of the soil in the casing according to the positioning, the needles on the bottom support just penetrate into and grasp the soil, and then adjust the detachable soil-cutting positioning support so that the needle at the lower end of the support is just right Grasp the upper end of the soil inside the casing firmly and position it accurately, position the upper bolts of the jacking support from bottom to top through the top plate, and tighten the top clamping guard plate, and connect the top clamping guard plate and the top plate, the top plate and the detachable rough-cut soil sample The outer wall positioning support vertical bar is fixed. At this time, loosen the fixing buckle of the detachable split-type casing, remove the detachable split-type casing, and use a wire saw to cut the outer wall positioning support vertical bar along the detachable cutting outer wall of the original hollow sample. Cut to ensure that the size of the soil sample initially conforms to the maximum peripheral size of the positioning support rod on the outer wall of the precisely cut soil sample;
⑨确保削土底托、空心土样、顶托定位不变，轻轻松开顶托上部螺栓，拿开顶板、顶部卡位护板，重新插入可拆卸精确削切土样外壁定位支撑杆及用于保护土样且配合定位支撑杆使用的可拆卸切削护壁，重新放回固定顶板、顶部卡位护板，重复之前固定步骤，确保顶板和可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆、可拆卸切削护壁及顶部卡位护板和定位顶托等彼此固定紧密，此时，用钢丝锯沿精确切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆继续对原状空心土样进行外壁切割，待外壁尺寸符合试验要求尺寸后，用刮刀对外壁进行修光处理，随后就可以利用空心扭剪仪的装样装置进行后续试验。⑨Ensure that the positioning of the cut soil bottom bracket, hollow soil sample, and jack bracket remains unchanged, gently loosen the upper bolts of the jack bracket, remove the top plate and top clamping guard plate, and reinsert the detachable and precisely cut soil sample outer wall positioning support rod and For the detachable cutting retaining wall used to protect the soil sample and used with the positioning support rod, put back the fixed top plate and the top clamping guard plate, and repeat the previous fixing steps to ensure that the top plate and the detachable rough cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical bar, detachable The cutting retaining wall, the top clamping guard and the positioning jack are fixed tightly to each other. At this time, use a wire saw to continue cutting the outer wall of the original hollow soil sample along the positioning support vertical bar on the outer wall of the precisely cut soil sample, until the outer wall size meets the test requirements. Finally, use a scraper to smooth the outer wall, and then use the sample loading device of the hollow torsional shear instrument for subsequent tests.
本发明的有益效果体现在以下几个方面：The beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects:
1、本发明可配套GCTS、GDS等主流空心扭剪仪厂家的仪器使用，用于上述厂家特殊尺寸以及大尺寸空心扭剪圆柱试样的制样，解决了制样问题。1. The invention can be used with the instruments of mainstream hollow torsional shear instrument manufacturers such as GCTS and GDS, and is used for sample preparation of special-sized and large-sized hollow torsional shear cylindrical samples of the above-mentioned manufacturers, which solves the problem of sample preparation.
2、本发明改进了此前制样缺乏定位、容易偏孔的问题，在内芯切削和外壁切削过程均做到准确定位，确保钻杆直进土样掏取土芯过程也能完美定位，避免直进工程偏孔导致取样失败的问题。2. The present invention improves the problem of lack of positioning and easy hole deviation in the previous sample preparation. Accurate positioning can be achieved during the cutting process of the inner core and the outer wall, ensuring that the drill pipe goes straight into the soil sample and the process of digging out the soil core can also be perfectly positioned, avoiding The problem of sampling failure caused by straight-in engineering deviation hole.
3、本发明钻取内芯工程采用旋转式护筒取样方法，避免了机械式取样对土样的大量扰动和破坏。3. The core drilling project of the present invention adopts a rotary casing sampling method, which avoids a large amount of disturbance and damage to soil samples caused by mechanical sampling.
4、本发明采用可拆卸分瓣式护筒及配套装置，解决了大尺寸原状土空心圆柱试样制取过程易坍塌的问题，可以成功制取国内沿海地区软黏土原状空心圆柱试样且在制备过程中挤土效应均小，设备的经济成本较低，操作便捷，易于掌握。4. The present invention adopts the detachable split-type casing and supporting devices, which solves the problem that the large-size undisturbed soil hollow cylinder sample is easy to collapse during the preparation process, and can successfully prepare the undisturbed hollow cylinder sample of soft clay in coastal areas in China The soil squeezing effect is small in the preparation process, the economic cost of the equipment is low, and the operation is convenient and easy to master.
5、本发明将内芯切削取土和外壁切削取土装置合二为一，避免土样在转移安装过程中的二次扰动和坍塌，有利于后续试验数据的准确性。5. The present invention integrates the inner core cutting soil extraction device and the outer wall cutting soil extraction device into one, avoiding the secondary disturbance and collapse of the soil sample during the transfer and installation process, which is beneficial to the accuracy of subsequent test data.
6、本发明涉及的内芯切取装置可以手自一体，即可以手摇式推进空心圆柱钻筒和钻杆，亦可以外接电机采用电动式推进空心圆柱钻筒和钻杆，方便不同人群使用。6. The inner core cutting device involved in the present invention can be integrated manually, that is, the hollow cylindrical drill barrel and drill pipe can be pushed manually, or the hollow cylindrical drill barrel and drill pipe can be driven electrically by an external motor, which is convenient for different groups of people to use.
7、本发明手自两用试样内芯切取装置和空心圆柱试样外壁切削成型装置共用一个多功能底座，通过更换内芯切取套装和外壁切削相应支撑定位杆配套装置，即可实现土样扰动最小化完成软黏土空心圆柱试样制取。在进行外壁土样削切之前，可将隐藏在多功能底座的可升降削土底托升起，使得土样在进行内芯以及外壁削切时均无需移动土样造成扰动，只需更换土样之外的削切配套装置即可，方便高效。7. The self-manual dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device and the hollow cylindrical sample outer wall cutting and forming device of the present invention share a multifunctional base, and the soil sample can be realized by replacing the inner core cutting set and the corresponding supporting positioning rod supporting device for outer wall cutting. The disturbance is minimized to complete the soft clay hollow cylinder sample preparation. Before cutting the outer wall soil samples, the liftable cutting soil bottom support hidden in the multi-functional base can be raised, so that the soil samples do not need to be moved to cause disturbance when cutting the inner core and outer wall, and only need to replace the soil It is convenient and efficient to use cutting and cutting supporting devices other than samples.
8、本发明在施力过程可以采用手自两种模式。8. The present invention can adopt two modes of manual and automatic in the force application process.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的手自两用试样内芯切取装置剖面图；Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the manual dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device of the present invention;
图2是内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器及其支撑定位装置的俯视图；Fig. 2 is a top view of the cylindrical soil-filling container and its supporting positioning device by cutting the inner core;
图3是空心圆柱试样外壁削切成型装置的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a cutting and forming device for the outer wall of a hollow cylindrical sample.
图中编号内容如下：1、多功能底座；2、底座内定位标尺；3、底座内可升降削土底托；4、升降控制旋钮；5、可拆卸分瓣式护筒；6、分瓣式护筒底托；7、护筒底托-多功能底座固定螺栓；8、支撑定位竖杆；9、定位水平标尺与支撑定位竖杆连接用固定螺栓；10、支撑横杆和支撑定位竖杆连接用固定螺栓；11、可拆卸分瓣式护筒固定卡扣；12、定位水平标尺；13、可拆卸内芯取样定位探头；14、带标尺的支撑横杆；15、可替换尺寸的内芯切取圆柱状钻筒；16、螺旋钻杆；17、转动手柄；18、外接电机，可实现螺旋钻杆自动化钻取内芯；19、可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆；20、可拆卸精确削切土样外壁定位支撑杆；21、用于保护土样且配合定位支撑杆使用的可拆卸切削护壁；22、可拆卸削土定位顶托；23、顶部卡位护板；24、固定各支撑竖杆的顶板；25、固定螺栓；26、顶板和可拆卸切削护壁定位支撑竖杆固定螺栓；27、固定可拆卸切削护壁、顶部卡位护板和顶板的螺栓；28、试样内芯固定筒。The numbers in the figure are as follows: 1. Multifunctional base; 2. Positioning scale inside the base; 3. Lifting and cutting bottom support in the base; 4. Lifting control knob; 5. Detachable split-type casing; 6. Split 7. Casing bottom bracket-multifunctional base fixing bolts; 8. Support positioning vertical bar; 9. Fixing bolts for connecting the positioning horizontal scale and supporting positioning vertical bar; 10. Supporting horizontal bar and supporting positioning vertical bar Fixing bolts for rod connection; 11. Detachable split-type casing fixing buckle; 12. Positioning horizontal scale; 13. Detachable inner core sampling positioning probe; 14. Supporting cross bar with scale; 15. Replaceable size 16. Spiral drill pipe; 17. Rotating handle; 18. External motor, which can realize the automatic drilling of the spiral drill pipe to drill the inner core; 19. Detachable rough cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical rod; 20 , Detachable and precise cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support rod; 21. Detachable cutting retaining wall used to protect soil samples and used with positioning support rod; 22. Detachable cutting soil positioning jack; 23. Top clamping guard plate; 24. Fix the top plate of each support vertical bar; 25. Fixing bolts; 26. Fixing bolts for the top plate and the detachable cutting wall positioning support vertical bar; 27. Fix the bolts for the detachable cutting wall, the top clamping guard plate and the top plate; 28. The inner core of the sample is fixed to the cylinder.
具体实施方式detailed description
一种多功能软黏土空心圆柱试样制样装置，由手自两用试样内芯切取装置和空心圆柱试样外壁切削成型装置组成，两套装置共用一个多功能底座1，该多功能底座内附带定位标尺2和可升降削土底托3，底托上制有多个插针。A multi-functional soft clay hollow cylindrical sample preparation device, which is composed of a manual dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device and a hollow cylindrical sample outer wall cutting and forming device. The two sets of devices share a multi-functional base 1, the multi-functional base Attached positioning scale 2 and the bottom support 3 that can lift and cut the soil in the interior, are shaped on a plurality of pins on the bottom support.
手自两用试样内芯切取装置包括多功能底座、内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器及其支撑定位装置和内芯切取装置。所述内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器包括可拆卸分瓣式护筒5和可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托6，可拆卸分瓣式护筒安装在可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托上，可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托与多功能底座通过护筒-多功能底座固定螺栓7连接；所述支撑定位装置由四根支撑定位竖杆8和带标尺的支撑横杆14组成，四根支撑定位竖杆均布在可拆卸分瓣式护筒外围且与可拆卸分瓣式护筒底托固接，相邻两根支撑定位竖杆之间通过固定螺栓10连接带标尺的支撑定位横杆14，相对两根支撑定位竖杆之间通过固定螺栓固定螺栓9连接定位水平标尺12，所述内芯切取装置包括可替换尺寸的内芯切取圆柱状钻筒15、螺旋钻杆16、转动手柄17和可拆卸内芯取样定位探头13。上述可拆卸分瓣式护筒内放置可拆卸分瓣式护筒固定卡扣11。The manual dual-purpose sample core cutting device includes a multifunctional base, a cylindrical soil container for core cutting and its supporting positioning device, and an inner core cutting device. The inner core cut cylindrical soil container includes a detachable split-type casing 5 and a detachable split-type casing bottom bracket 6, the detachable split-type casing is installed on the detachable split-type casing bottom bracket, The detachable split-type casing bottom bracket is connected with the multi-function base through the casing-multi-function base fixing bolt 7; the support positioning device is composed of four support positioning vertical bars 8 and support cross bars 14 with scales, four The supporting and positioning vertical bars are evenly distributed on the periphery of the detachable split-type casing and are fixedly connected with the bottom support of the detachable split-type casing. Rod 14, between two supporting positioning vertical rods, connects positioning horizontal ruler 12 by fixing bolt 9, and described inner core cutting device comprises the inner core of replaceable size and cuts cylindrical drill pipe 15, auger rod 16, rotating The handle 17 and the detachable inner core sampling positioning probe 13. The detachable split-type casing is placed inside the detachable split-type casing fixing buckle 11 .
空心圆柱试样外壁切削成型装置的多功能底座1外围固装多根可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆19，多根可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆内侧固装多根可拆卸精切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆20，这些定位支撑竖杆之间安装可拆卸切削护壁21、这些定位支撑竖杆的顶部连接顶板24，顶板的上部和底部分别连接顶部卡位护板23和可拆卸削土顶托22，可拆卸削土顶托22的上部安装螺栓，下端制有插针。所述可拆卸切削护壁用于保护土样且配合定位支撑竖杆使用。所述顶板和顶部卡位护板之间通过固定螺栓25连接、顶板和多根可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆之间通过固定螺栓26连接、可拆卸切削护壁与顶板、顶部卡位护板之间采用固定螺栓27连接。Multifunctional base 1 of the cutting and forming device for the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical sample. Multiple detachable rough-cut soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical rods 19 are fixed on the periphery, and multiple detachable rough-cut soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical rods are fixed inside. Remove the positioning support vertical bars 20 on the outer wall of the fine-cut soil sample, and install a detachable cutting wall 21 between these positioning support vertical bars. The tops of these positioning support vertical bars are connected to the top plate 24, and the top and bottom of the top plate are respectively connected to the top clamping guard plate 23 With detachable cutting soil jacking 22, the top installation bolt of detachable cutting soil jacking 22, the lower end is shaped on pin. The detachable cutting retaining wall is used to protect soil samples and is used in conjunction with positioning support vertical rods. The top plate and the top retaining plate are connected by fixing bolts 25, the top plate and multiple detachable rough-cut soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical rods are connected by fixing bolts 26, and the detachable cutting retaining wall is connected with the top plate and the top clamping position. Adopt fixing bolt 27 to connect between guard plates.
本装置的实施工艺是：The implementation process of this device is:
(1)将手自两用试样内芯切取圆柱状盛土容器的可拆卸分瓣式护筒5内壁均匀涂上凡士林，将采用特殊尺寸的岩芯管取得的原状软黏土大尺寸土样(250mm*170mm)从试样裹皮中取出，采用轻推滑移方式将土样轻置在护筒5中，用可拆卸分瓣式护筒固定卡扣11固定完毕，将护筒5、分瓣式护筒底托6通过护筒底托-多功能底座固定螺栓7固定在多功能底座1上，此时土样完整保护在护筒5中。(1) Evenly coat the inner wall of the detachable split-type casing 5 of the cylindrical soil-holding container by cutting out the inner core of the dual-purpose sample by hand, and apply Vaseline evenly. 250mm*170mm) was taken out from the sample wrapping, and the soil sample was lightly placed in the casing 5 by gently pushing and sliding, and fixed with the detachable split-type casing fixing buckle 11, and the casing 5, divided The petal type casing bottom support 6 is fixed on the multifunctional base 1 through the casing bottom support-multifunctional base fixing bolt 7, and the soil sample is completely protected in the casing 5 at this time.
(2)将支撑定位竖杆8立置在护筒底托6相应插孔里，固定。将定位水平标尺12用配套的定位水平标尺与支撑定位杆连接固定用螺栓9固定在定位竖杆8合适位置，将可拆卸内芯取样定位探头13安装好，根据试验用试样的空心内径和试样外径尺寸进行中心定位留标记，确定后将可拆卸内芯取样定位探头13取下固定在需要钻取的空心内径圆心处。然后拆卸水平标尺12和定位杆的固定螺栓9，取走定位水平标尺12。(2) Place the supporting positioning vertical bar 8 in the corresponding jack of the casing bottom bracket 6 and fix it. The positioning horizontal scale 12 is connected and fixed with the supporting positioning horizontal scale and the supporting positioning bar with the bolt 9 fixed on the appropriate position of the positioning vertical bar 8, and the detachable inner core sampling positioning probe 13 is installed. The outer diameter of the sample is centered and marked, and after determination, the detachable inner core sampling positioning probe 13 is removed and fixed at the center of the hollow inner diameter that needs to be drilled. Then disassemble the fixed bolt 9 of the horizontal scale 12 and the positioning rod, and take away the positioning horizontal scale 12.
(3)更换安装内芯切取套筒支撑横杆14，用相应的横杆与支撑定位竖杆固定用螺栓10固定好，根据试验用尺寸选取合适的内芯切取圆柱状钻筒15、螺旋钻杆16和转动手柄17，依次安装好。调试支撑横杆14位置使得钻筒15下部刚刚好接触土样表面，此时固定两端螺栓10。根据此前步骤，已经确定钻芯的内径和圆心，按照支撑横杆14上标尺位置，调整钻筒15，值得钻筒15圆心和上一步确定的需钻取的内芯圆心刚好重合。确定此时根据手动或自动两种方式，决定是否连接外部电机18。如果需要自动下压钻筒，则需要接上外部电机18电源，否则不需要连接外部电机18。(3) Replace and install the inner core and cut the sleeve support cross bar 14, fix it with the corresponding cross bar and the support positioning vertical bar with bolts 10, select the appropriate inner core according to the size of the test and cut the cylindrical drill barrel 15, auger Bar 16 and rotating handle 17 are installed successively. Adjust the position of the support cross bar 14 so that the lower part of the drill pipe 15 just touches the surface of the soil sample, and at this time, the bolts 10 at both ends are fixed. According to the previous steps, the inner diameter and the center of the drill core have been determined, and the drill tube 15 is adjusted according to the position of the scale on the support cross bar 14. It is worthwhile that the center of the drill tube 15 coincides with the center of the inner core that needs to be drilled as determined in the previous step. It is determined whether to connect the external motor 18 according to two ways of manual or automatic at this time. If you need to automatically press down the drill barrel, you need to connect the external motor 18 power supply, otherwise you don't need to connect the external motor 18.
(4)安装完毕后检查装置彼此连接完好，然后使用机油将圆柱状钻筒15内部均匀刷一遍，确保钻芯过程减少土的阻力。这里注意，机油的效果比凡士林要好很多。手动旋转配套手柄17，确定螺旋钻杆16带动圆柱状钻筒15均匀向下，钻筒15本身旋转式向下，由于涂抹机油，使得土体阻力大为减少，试样内芯取芯钻孔作业可以顺利进行。(4) After installation, check that the devices are well connected with each other, and then use engine oil to evenly brush the inside of the cylindrical drill barrel 15 to ensure that the core drilling process reduces the resistance of the soil. Note here that the effect of motor oil is much better than petroleum jelly. Manually rotate the supporting handle 17 to make sure that the auger rod 16 drives the cylindrical drill barrel 15 downward evenly, and the drill barrel 15 itself rotates downward. Due to the application of engine oil, the soil resistance is greatly reduced, and the inner core of the sample is drilled. The work can be carried out smoothly.
(5)当内芯切取钻筒15每次钻入原状试样的内芯深度达到20mm-30mm，将旋转手柄17反方向旋转操作，旋出钻筒15，将钻筒15内土体清除，再重新钻入。此过程由于所有装置均按照此前定位固定且彼此之间都有固定参照物，固定参照物和土样位置均未发生变化，故此钻筒15再次钻入原装试样将继续进行垂直位置作业，而不会发生偏孔问题。(5) When the inner core is cut and drilled into the original sample, the depth of the inner core of the drill tube 15 reaches 20mm-30mm each time, the rotating handle 17 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the drill tube 15 is unscrewed, and the soil in the drill tube 15 is removed. Drill in again. In this process, because all devices are fixed according to the previous positioning and there are fixed reference objects between each other, the fixed reference object and the soil sample position have not changed, so the drill pipe 15 will drill into the original sample again and continue the vertical position operation. There will be no misalignment problem.
(6)当钻筒15取芯的累计深度超过试样标准高度的30mm时停止钻孔，将旋转手柄17反方向旋转操作，旋出钻筒15，同时迅速将正面涂满机油的内芯固定筒28插入已经钻好的土样内芯支撑土样空心部分不坍塌，随后将钻筒15内土体清除。(6) Stop drilling when the cumulative depth of coring by the drill tube 15 exceeds 30mm of the standard height of the sample, rotate the rotary handle 17 in the opposite direction, unscrew the drill tube 15, and quickly fix the inner core coated with oil on the front The cylinder 28 is inserted into the drilled soil sample inner core to support the hollow part of the soil sample from collapsing, and then the soil body in the drill pipe 15 is removed.
(7)完成上述工作后即可以按照以下顺序拆除内芯切取空心圆柱试样装置：内芯切取圆柱状钻筒15及配套螺旋钻杆16、转动手柄17——内芯切取套筒支撑横杆14及相应的横杆与竖杆固定用螺栓10——支撑定位竖杆8——拆卸护筒底托6及分瓣式护筒底托及多功能底座固定螺栓7——内芯取样定位探头13。注意，拆除分瓣式护筒底托6要特别注意不要扰动护筒5内的土样。(7) After the above work is completed, the device for cutting the hollow cylindrical sample with the inner core can be dismantled in the following order: the inner core cuts the cylindrical drill tube 15 and the supporting auger rod 16, and the rotating handle 17—the inner core cuts the sleeve to support the cross bar 14 and the corresponding bolts for fixing the horizontal bar and vertical bar 10—supporting and positioning the vertical bar 8——removing the bottom bracket of the casing 6, the bottom bracket of the split type casing and the fixing bolt of the multifunctional base 7——the inner core sampling positioning probe 13. Note that special care should be taken not to disturb the soil sample in the casing 5 when removing the split-type casing bottom support 6 .
(8)更换空心圆柱试样外壁削切成型装置，由于其和前述多功能软黏土手自两用试样内芯切取装置共用一个多功能底座1，故此底座1不需要更换。先将可拆卸粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆19插入相应位置，然后旋转升降控制按钮4，将隐藏在多功能底座1的可升降削土底托3升起。由于底座1有标尺定位2，故将削土底托3按照定位插入护筒5内的土体下端，确保底托3上的针刚好扎入并抓牢土体，便于稍后的旋转外壁削土过程中不会扰动或移动土样。随后调整可拆卸削土定位顶托22，使得顶托22下端针刚好将护筒5内土体的上端紧紧抓牢，且定位准确；定位顶托22上部螺栓从下向上穿过固定各支撑竖杆的装置顶板24、顶部卡位护板23，拧紧。将顶部卡位护板23和固定各支撑竖杆的装置顶板24用顶部卡位护板和装置顶板用固定螺栓25固定好，装置顶板24和粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆19用相应的固定螺栓26固定好。此时松开护筒固定卡扣11，去掉分瓣式护筒5，拿取过程注意将分瓣式护筒5每一瓣都沿着土样方向轻轻推送拿开。用钢丝锯沿粗切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆19对原状空心试样进行外壁切割，确保土样尺寸初步符合精确削切土样外壁定位支撑杆的最大外围尺寸。(8) Replacement of the cutting and molding device for the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical sample. Since it shares the same multifunctional base 1 with the aforementioned multifunctional soft clay manual and dual-purpose sample inner core cutting device, the base 1 does not need to be replaced. First insert the detachable rough cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical bar 19 into the corresponding position, then rotate the lifting control button 4 to raise the liftable cutting soil bottom support 3 hidden in the multifunctional base 1 . Since the base 1 has a ruler positioning 2, insert the soil cutting base 3 into the lower end of the soil in the casing 5 according to the positioning, to ensure that the needles on the base 3 just penetrate and grasp the soil, so that the outer wall of the rotation can be cut later. The soil sample is not disturbed or moved during the soiling process. Then adjust the detachable soil cutting positioning jacking bracket 22, so that the needle at the lower end of the jacking bracket 22 just firmly grasps the upper end of the soil body in the casing 5, and the positioning is accurate; The device top plate 24 of the vertical bar, the top clamping guard plate 23 are tightened. Fix the top retaining plate 23 and the device top plate 24 for fixing each support vertical bar with the top retaining plate and the device top plate with fixing bolts 25, and the device top plate 24 and the rough cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical bar 19 with corresponding Fixing bolt 26 is fixed. At this time, loosen the fixing buckle 11 of the casing, remove the split type casing 5, and take care to gently push and remove each flap of the split type casing 5 along the direction of the soil sample. Use a wire saw to cut the outer wall of the undisturbed hollow sample along the rough cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support vertical bar 19 to ensure that the size of the soil sample initially meets the maximum peripheral size of the precise cutting soil sample outer wall positioning support bar.
(9)确保削土底托3、空心土样、顶托定位22不变，轻轻松开顶托22上部螺栓，拿开固定各支撑竖杆的装置顶板24、顶部卡位护板23，重新插入可拆卸精确削切土样外壁定位支撑杆20及用于保护土样且配合定位支撑杆使用的可拆卸切削护壁21，重新放回固定各支撑竖杆的装置顶板24、顶部卡位护板23，重复之前固定步骤，确保装置顶板24和精确切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆20、固定切削护壁21及顶部卡位护板23和定位顶托22等彼此固定紧密。此时，用钢丝锯沿精确切削土样外壁定位支撑竖杆20继续对原状空心土样进行外壁切割，待外壁尺寸符合试验要求尺寸后，用刮刀对外壁进行修光处理，确保试验过程不会因为外壁阻力影响试验数据。随后就可以利用空心扭剪仪的装样装置进行后续试验。(9) Guarantee to cut soil bottom bracket 3, hollow soil sample, jack bracket positioning 22 unchanged, loosen jack bracket 22 upper bolts gently, take away the device top plate 24 that fixes each support vertical rod, top clamp guard plate 23, reinstall Insert the detachable and precisely cut soil sample outer wall positioning support rod 20 and the detachable cutting retaining wall 21 used to protect the soil sample and cooperate with the positioning support rod, and put back the device top plate 24 and top clamping guard plate for fixing each support vertical rod 23. Repeat the previous fixing steps to ensure that the top plate 24 of the device and the positioning support vertical bar 20 of the outer wall of the precisely cut soil sample, the fixed cutting wall 21, the top clamping guard plate 23 and the positioning jack 22 are fixed tightly to each other. Now, continue to cut the outer wall of the original hollow soil sample with a wire saw along the positioning support vertical bar 20 of the outer wall of the precisely cut soil sample. After the size of the outer wall meets the test requirement size, the outer wall is repaired with a scraper to ensure that the test process will not Because the outer wall resistance affects the test data. Then the sample loading device of the hollow torsional shear instrument can be used for subsequent tests.
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