CN106706361B - Spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of sampling continuously - Google Patents
Spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of sampling continuously Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106706361B CN106706361B CN201611108495.5A CN201611108495A CN106706361B CN 106706361 B CN106706361 B CN 106706361B CN 201611108495 A CN201611108495 A CN 201611108495A CN 106706361 B CN106706361 B CN 106706361B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sampling
- cylinder
- soil
- barrel
- outer barrel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a spiral undisturbed soil sampling device for continuous sampling, which comprises: the outer barrel comprises a barrel body and a spiral blade arranged on the outer wall of the barrel body, and a cutter is arranged at the lower port of the barrel body; the sampling cylinder is coaxial with the outer cylinder and can freely rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and the lower port of the sampling cylinder is a soil sample inlet; the locking mechanism is arranged on the outer barrel and used for locking the sampling barrel in the outer barrel; the pressure rod is arranged at the top of the sampling cylinder and synchronously rotates with the sampling cylinder; the driving mechanism is used for driving the outer barrel to rotate, wherein the cutter of the outer barrel is used for cutting soil to form a cylindrical soil sample when the outer barrel rotates, the sampling barrel is used for accommodating the cylindrical soil sample, and the spiral blade is tunneled to the deep soil position when the outer barrel rotates. The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, can continuously sample without disturbance, and can be used for testing a series of physicochemical properties and indexes of undisturbed soil such as water content, permeability coefficient, compression coefficient, shear strength and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of continuously sampling.
Background
The soil environment medium is the material basis on which human beings live, and provides food for people continuously, thereby maintaining the continuous and healthy development of the human society. Therefore, the method is of great importance to long-term monitoring and experimental analysis of soil environment media, and a common technical means is to collect a certain amount of soil samples to perform laboratory component identification and correlation analysis of harmful components so as to judge the fertility and the pollution degree of the soil.
At present, related soil samplers are various in types and different in forms, but sampling difficulty of undisturbed soil is high, even if sampling of the undisturbed soil can be successfully achieved, soil is easy to break in a soil sampling process, and then obtained samples are not clear in layering, difficult to distinguish and the like.
Particularly, the use of some samplers may disturb the original soil structure of the sampling point, which may cause each layer of soil sample to be mixed with impurity soil of other depths, thereby affecting the authenticity and accuracy of the subsequent soil analysis experiment result.
In addition, the sample thief generally does not possess the function of measuring the soil sample exploitation degree of depth simultaneously, need adopt the scale alone to measure, carries out intermittent type formula sampling like this and not only prolongs the sample time, influences the efficiency of sampling, very easily causes the upper soil sample to topple to exploitation hole bottom moreover in the measurement process, destroys the purity of sample.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of intermittent sampling, the invention aims to provide a spiral undisturbed soil sampler for continuous sampling so as to continuously sample soil on the basis of reducing the disturbance of a soil structure.
Therefore, the invention provides an undisturbed soil sampling device, which comprises: the outer barrel comprises a barrel body and a spiral blade arranged on the outer wall of the barrel body, a cutter is arranged at the lower port of the barrel body, and the upper port of the barrel body is a sampling barrel mounting port; the sampling cylinder is coaxial with the outer cylinder and can freely rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and the lower port of the sampling cylinder is a soil sample inlet; the locking mechanism is arranged on the outer barrel and used for locking the sampling barrel in the outer barrel; the pressure rod is arranged at the top of the sampling cylinder and synchronously rotates with the sampling cylinder; the driving mechanism is used for driving the outer barrel to rotate, wherein the cutter of the outer barrel is used for cutting soil to form a cylindrical soil sample when the outer barrel rotates, the sampling barrel is used for accommodating the cylindrical soil sample, and the spiral blade is tunneled to the deep soil position when the outer barrel rotates.
Furthermore, an elastic check sheet is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the sampling tube.
Further, the sampling tube comprises a first half tube body and a second half tube body.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the sampling tube is sequentially provided with a first smooth wall section, a rough wall section and a second smooth wall section from bottom to top, wherein the axial length of the first smooth wall section is 2cm-4cm, the axial length of the rough wall section is 3-6cm, and the inner diameter of the sampling tube is 20-35 mm.
Further, the locking mechanism comprises a pressing block arranged at the upper end of the barrel body and used for locking the upper end face of the sampling barrel.
Further, the driving mechanism is a rod frame fixedly connected with the outer cylinder.
Furthermore, the outer cylinder and the sampling cylinder are respectively provided with sampling scales.
Furthermore, the cylinder bodies of the sampling cylinder and the outer cylinder are stainless steel cylinder bodies.
According to the undisturbed soil sampling device, the outer cylinder is matched with the inner cylinder, wherein the outer cylinder is rotated for tunneling, the inner cylinder does not rotate along with the outer cylinder in the sampling process, so that a cylindrical soil sample is kept in the inner cylinder, the disturbance of a soil structure is reduced, meanwhile, the outer cylinder cuts and tunnels soil except the cylindrical soil sample, the tunneling resistance is further reduced, a deeper continuous sampling depth is obtained, the continuous undisturbed sampling depth can reach 60cm, and the requirement of soil sampling is basically met.
In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an undisturbed soil sampling apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sampling cylinder of an undisturbed soil sampling apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a press rod of the undisturbed soil sampling apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an undisturbed soil sampling apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 5 is a schematic view of an undisturbed soil sampling apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
10. An outer cylinder; 11. A cylinder body;
12. a helical blade; 13. A cutter;
14. calibration; 20. A sampling tube;
21. an elastic check sheet; 22. A first half cylinder;
23. a second half cylinder; 24. A hinge;
30. briquetting; 40. A pressure lever;
41. erecting a rod; 42. A gland;
50. a pole frame; 51. A cross bar;
52. a sleeve; 44. A telescopic rod;
43. a handle; 53. A support;
54. a transfer sleeve; 55. And a power device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Fig. 1-5 illustrate some embodiments according to the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the first embodiment, the undisturbed soil sampling apparatus includes an outer cylinder 10, a sampling cylinder 20, a press block 30, a press rod 40, and a rod holder 50.
The outer cylinder 10 comprises a cylinder 11 and a spiral blade 12 arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder 11, a cutter 13 is arranged at the lower port of the cylinder 11, and the upper port of the cylinder 11 is a sampling cylinder mounting port. The sampling tube 20 is arranged coaxially with the outer tube 10 and can rotate freely relative to the outer tube 10, and the lower end of the sampling tube 20 is a soil sample inlet.
Wherein, a resilient pressing block 30 is provided on the outer cylinder 10 for locking the sampling cylinder 20 in the outer cylinder 10 and allowing the sampling cylinder 20 to be drawn out upward against the resilient force of the pressing block 30 by an external force. The pressing rod 40 is disposed on the top of the sampling tube 20 and rotates synchronously with the sampling tube 20. The lever bracket 50 serves to drive the outer tub 10 to rotate.
In the sampling process, the outer cylinder rotates for tunneling, the cutter on the outer cylinder cuts soil to form a cylindrical soil sample, the cylindrical soil sample kept immovable enters the inner cylinder which does not rotate along with the outer cylinder along with tunneling, and the spiral blade tunnels the soil deep when the outer cylinder rotates, so that the sampling effect of continuously not disturbing the soil structure is realized.
According to the undisturbed soil sampler, the effective sampling depth can reach 60cm, and compared with the prior art, the undisturbed soil sampler greatly reduces soil layer disturbance and mixing in the sampling process and improves the sampling accuracy. When the sampling is finished, the sampling cylinder is replaced, and then the next sampling can be continued.
In the process of implementing the undisturbed soil sampling device, the inventor designs a test scheme that the elastic check sheet is designed on the inner peripheral wall of the outer cylinder to prevent the soil sample from falling off, and finds that the elastic check sheet cuts and loosens the surface layer of the soil sample in the rotating sampling process of the outer cylinder, so that the soil sample can fall off more easily, and the effect of preventing the soil sample from falling off from the sampling cylinder is not obtained. The invention seeks to avoid the damage of similar structures such as the elastic check sheet to the cylindrical soil sample in subsequent design, and simultaneously designs the elastic check sheet in the sampling cylinder which is kept still, thereby obtaining the preset soil lifting effect.
Preferably, the planar shape of the elastic check piece is a strip shape, the elastic check piece is arranged at an angle of 30 degrees to the vertical direction, when a soil sample enters the sampling barrel, the elastic check piece avoids the soil sample, and when sampling is finished, a biasing force is applied to the soil sample of the sampling barrel, so that the collected soil sample is prevented from dropping or separating from the sampling barrel in a large amount.
Preferably, the inner wall surface and the inner diameter of the sampling cylinder are also optimally designed to prevent the soil sample from falling off. Specifically, the inner wall of the sampling tube is sequentially provided with a first smooth wall surface section, a rough wall surface section and a second smooth wall surface section from bottom to top along the central axis, wherein the axial length of the first smooth wall surface section is 2cm-4cm, the axial length of the rough wall surface section is 3-6cm, and the inner diameter of the sampling tube is 20-35 mm.
The function of the first smooth wall section is as follows: when the sampling tunneling starts, the sampling cylinder is inserted into soil to allow swinging, so that the operation is convenient, and when the inner peripheral wall of the sampling cylinder is designed into a smooth wall surface, the dynamic friction resistance is small, the shape retentivity to the cylindrical soil sample is good, and when the sampling is finished, the soil structure in the first smooth wall surface section is difficult to avoid being damaged, so that the falling of the soil structure is allowed to be feasible. Effective length of soil sample is the part more than the coarse wall section, and this coarse wall section plays the hindrance effect to cylindric soil sample in the sampling tube, and the selection of the sampling tube internal diameter of deuterogamying can make resistance and soil gravity to soil be in balanced state, and then makes soil sample keep in the sampling tube, in addition, be the smooth wall section of second more than the coarse wall section, can reduce the resistance that cylindric soil sample got into in the sampling tube.
In this embodiment, the outer cylinder has a tapered body and the sampling cylinder has a tapered body, although the taper is relatively small, for example 8-15 °, and the outer cylinder and the sampling cylinder are preferably provided with scales to indicate the tunneling depth and the corresponding soil layer sampling depth.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sampling tube 20 comprises a first half-cylinder 22 and a second half-cylinder 23, which are coupled bi-directionally by a hinge 24 and locked closed by a latch. The structure makes the soil sampling operation very convenient.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the undisturbed soil sampling device is manually operated, and the pressure rod 40 includes a vertical rod 41 and a gland 42, wherein the vertical rod 41 is fixedly connected with the gland 42, and the gland 42 is detachably connected with the sampling tube 20.
As shown in fig. 4, in the second embodiment, the undisturbed soil sampling apparatus includes an outer cylinder 10, a sampling cylinder 20, a press block 30, a telescopic rod 44, a handle 43, a cross bar 51 and a sleeve 52.
In this embodiment, the sleeve 52 is rotatably fitted to the outer cylinder 10 in synchronism, the cross bar 51 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 52, and the pressing piece 30, which is made of an anti-friction material and allows the outer cylinder to rotate relative to the sampling cylinder, is engaged with the sleeve 52 in an inserted manner as a locking mechanism for locking the sampling cylinder 20 in the outer cylinder, and is engaged in abutment with the top of the sampling cylinder 20, and allows the sampling cylinder to be withdrawn from the top of the sleeve when the pressing piece is pulled out.
In the present embodiment, the telescopic rod 44 is connected with the sampling tube 20 in a synchronous rotation manner, the handle 43 is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod 44, and the handle 43 and the telescopic rod 44 are used as a pressure lever which can be operated by external force, so that the sampling tube 20 can rotate independently of the rotation of the outer cylinder during the sampling and tunneling process. The telescopic rod has the following functions: when the height of the cross rod is reduced along with tunneling, the height position of the handle is kept unchanged, and the coordinated operation of two persons is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the outer cylinder and the sampling cylinder are both cylindrical cylinders, and the boring operation is labor-saving as compared with the first embodiment.
As shown in fig. 5, in the third embodiment, the undisturbed soil sampling apparatus includes: the device comprises an outer cylinder 10, a sampling cylinder 20, a pressing block 30, a pressing rod 40, a support 53, an adapter sleeve 54 and a power device 55.
The difference from the second embodiment is that in the present embodiment, the adaptor sleeve 54 is connected to the top of the outer cylinder 10 in a synchronous rotation manner, the adaptor sleeve 54 is driven by the power device 55 to rotate, the power device 55 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 53, the pressing block 30 is used as a locking mechanism to be in inserted fit with the adaptor sleeve 54, the bracket 53 is rotatably supported on the adaptor sleeve 54, and the free end of the pressing rod 40 is in inserted fit with the bracket 53.
During digging and sampling, the bracket 53 is righted by an operator, the power device 55 is started, and downward digging is carried out, so that the digging speed is high, and the working efficiency is high.
In this embodiment, the sampling cylinder and the outer cylinder are both stainless steel cylinders to meet the requirement of corrosion resistance, and the surface of the outer cylinder is polished to meet the requirement of surface soil cleaning after sampling.
The undisturbed soil sampling device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient and fast to operate, can be used for sampling continuously without disturbance, and can be used for experimentally measuring a series of physicochemical properties and indexes of undisturbed soil, such as water content, permeability coefficient, compression coefficient, shear strength and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an undisturbed soil sampling device which characterized in that includes:
the outer cylinder comprises a cylinder body and a spiral blade arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder body, a cutter is arranged at the lower port of the cylinder body, and the upper port of the cylinder body is a sampling cylinder mounting port;
the sampling cylinder is coaxial with the outer cylinder and can freely rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and the lower port of the sampling cylinder is a soil sample inlet;
the locking mechanism is arranged on the outer barrel and used for locking the sampling barrel in the outer barrel;
the pressure rod is arranged at the top of the sampling cylinder and synchronously rotates with the sampling cylinder;
the driving mechanism is used for driving the outer cylinder to rotate, wherein the cutter of the outer cylinder is used for cutting soil to form a cylindrical soil sample when the outer cylinder rotates, the sampling cylinder is used for accommodating the cylindrical soil sample, the spiral blade tunnels to the deep soil position when the outer cylinder rotates,
the inner peripheral wall of the sampling tube is provided with an elastic check sheet,
the sampling tube comprises a first half tube body and a second half tube body.
2. The undisturbed soil sampling device of claim 1 wherein the inner wall of the sampling cylinder has from bottom to top a first smooth wall section, a rough wall section and a second smooth wall section in that order, wherein the first smooth wall section has an axial length of 2cm-4cm, the rough wall section has an axial length of 3-6cm and the sampling cylinder has an internal diameter of 20-35 mm.
3. The undisturbed soil sampling apparatus of claim 1 wherein the locking mechanism includes a lock block disposed at the upper end of the barrel for locking the upper end surface of the sampling cylinder.
4. The undisturbed soil sampling apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drive mechanism is a bar frame fixedly connected to the outer barrel.
5. The undisturbed soil sampling apparatus of claim 1 wherein said outer barrel and said sampling barrel are each provided with a sampling scale.
6. The undisturbed soil sampling device of claim 1 wherein the barrels of the sampling cylinder and the outer barrel are stainless steel barrels.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611108495.5A CN106706361B (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of sampling continuously |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611108495.5A CN106706361B (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of sampling continuously |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106706361A CN106706361A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| CN106706361B true CN106706361B (en) | 2023-03-31 |
Family
ID=58936018
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611108495.5A Active CN106706361B (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of sampling continuously |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106706361B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107796667A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-13 | 百奥森（江苏）食品安全科技有限公司 | A kind of safe water quality detection sampler |
| CN108195617B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2023-09-29 | 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心 | Direct-pressure spiral undisturbed soil sampler and sampling method thereof |
| CN109163927A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-08 | 河北成运环保设备有限公司 | A kind of soil sample collector containing Polychlorinated biphenyls |
| CN109612772A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-12 | 中水新科(北京)环保科技有限公司 | Soil sampling apparatus and method |
| CN111487086A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-04 | 东北石油大学 | Open-air geological detection sampling device |
| CN113567185B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-09-05 | 杨柳 | Geological rock soil investigation intensity test sampling device |
| CN115615743B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-07 | 中建二局土木工程集团有限公司 | A ecological soil restoration sampling device for wetland |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008240494A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Cylindrical sampling device for soil test |
| CN104330280A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江大学 | Gear type soil sampler and sampling method thereof |
| CN205228859U (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-05-11 | 山东科技大学 | Novel original state soil geotome |
| CN205679423U (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | A kind of grassland soil moisture and section undisturbed soil sampling device |
| CN206208573U (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of spiral undisturbed soil sampler of continuous sampling |
-
2016
- 2016-12-06 CN CN201611108495.5A patent/CN106706361B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008240494A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Cylindrical sampling device for soil test |
| CN104330280A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江大学 | Gear type soil sampler and sampling method thereof |
| CN205228859U (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-05-11 | 山东科技大学 | Novel original state soil geotome |
| CN205679423U (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | A kind of grassland soil moisture and section undisturbed soil sampling device |
| CN206208573U (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of spiral undisturbed soil sampler of continuous sampling |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 便携软层取样器设计;胥建华等;《成都理工大学学报(自然科学版)》;20030830(第04期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106706361A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106706361B (en) | Spiral undisturbed soil sampler capable of sampling continuously | |
| CN203101097U (en) | Direct-pushing-type columnar soil sampler with scales | |
| CN111912955B (en) | Soil humidity data acquisition equipment | |
| CN1776394A (en) | Portable semi-automatic rotary undisturbed soil sampler | |
| CN208043488U (en) | A kind of Ground water Quality Survey water sample acquisition device | |
| CN211825128U (en) | Soil deposit detects sampling device | |
| CN211652167U (en) | Geotechnical engineering reconnaissance sampling device | |
| CN114659831A (en) | Soil sampling equipment convenient to take out soil sample | |
| CN206208573U (en) | A kind of spiral undisturbed soil sampler of continuous sampling | |
| CN218865544U (en) | Soil tubulose sampler | |
| CN106769191B (en) | Geological survey geotome | |
| CN216205867U (en) | Pavement thickness detection device | |
| CN114876379A (en) | Drilling device for highway geological investigation | |
| CN214334284U (en) | Novel soil detection device | |
| CN112726552B (en) | Compaction degree detects quick geotome | |
| CN211904711U (en) | Novel sand ware is got in petroleum reconnaissance | |
| CN210442130U (en) | Spiral propelling type soil sampling device | |
| CN208818518U (en) | A kind of sampling apparatus of quick detection underground deep layer Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil | |
| CN209764466U (en) | Rotary type handheld soil drilling machine support frame | |
| CN220207141U (en) | Geological survey soil sampling device | |
| CN213148355U (en) | Sampling device for soil treatment | |
| CN213688979U (en) | Municipal works detect and get core device with concrete road surface drilling | |
| CN208688859U (en) | A kind of novel geotechnical engineering investigation sampler | |
| CN220418848U (en) | Drilling sampling device for material detection | |
| CN220556377U (en) | Soil monitoring device capable of sampling |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |