CN112502655B

CN112502655B - Shale coring device

Info

Publication number: CN112502655B
Application number: CN202011379659.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐玄; 郑逢赞; 孔祥飞; 张金川; 刘飏; 杜克锋; 王紫剑; 梁国栋
Original assignee: China University of Geosciences Beijing
Current assignee: China University of Geosciences Beijing
Priority date: 2020-11-30
Filing date: 2020-11-30
Publication date: 2021-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-30
Also published as: CN112502655A

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of geological sampling, and provides a shale coring device which comprises a shell, a door body, a rock sample clamping mechanism, a sampling barrel and a driving mechanism. The shell is provided with an inner cavity structure and an opening; the door body is hinged with the shell and used for closing the opening; the rock sample clamping mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity structure and used for clamping and fixing the shale rock sample; the sampling cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity structure, is provided with a cylinder cavity and is used for moving along a straight line and penetrating through the shale rock sample so as to obtain a core sample of the shale rock sample; the driving mechanism is arranged on the shell and used for driving the sampling cylinder to move along a straight line. According to the shale coring device provided by the invention, the sampling barrel which moves along a straight line and penetrates through a shale rock sample to perform coring operation is arranged, so that the traditional drilling type coring operation is avoided, the molecular collision effect in the shale rock core caused by friction during coring is weakened, the shale rock core is prevented from being torn along a shale matrix due to torsion, meanwhile, dust and noise are hardly generated in the coring process, and the integrity of the rock core is ensured with a high probability.

Description

Shale coring device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of geological sampling, and particularly relates to a shale coring device.

Background

The shale generally comprises quartz, feldspar, pyrite, carbonate rock minerals and the like, the hardness of the shale is generally 1.5-3 of the coefficient of hardness of Pythiier, the coefficient of hardness of Pythiier with a compact structure can reach 4-5, and the hardness of some hard shale is higher. Meanwhile, the shale has a texture or a page structure in terms of structure, so that the shale is easy to crack under the action of external force or is rarely cracked through plastic deformation and has certain brittleness. In addition, the shale generally causes clay swelling, dispersion and migration due to the injection of water, so that a permeation channel changes, the internal structure of the shale is damaged, and the permeability of reservoir rock changes.

When workers carry out shale oil and gas geological survey and core collection of cores or rock samples, coring devices are often needed. Currently, research on rock coring devices has focused primarily on rotary coring devices and crushing-type coring devices. The traditional coring device adopts a core barrel with a saw-toothed shape to core by rotationally cutting rocks, or adopts a crushing type coring device to crush and sample rocks, the method is suitable for the rocks with higher hardness, and the rotary or crushing type coring device is used for the shale with lower hardness. And when the traditional coring device drills a coring core, dust is extremely easy to generate, environmental pollution is caused, and the health of workers is threatened.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shale coring device, which aims to solve or at least improve the technical problem that a rock sample is cracked in a large area when low-hardness shale is cored in the prior art to a certain extent.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical solution in which a shale coring device is provided, comprising:

the shell is provided with an inner cavity structure and an opening, and the opening is used for communicating the outside with the inner cavity structure;

the door body is hinged with the shell and used for closing the opening;

the rock sample clamping mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity structure and used for clamping and fixing the shale rock sample;

the sampling barrel is positioned in the inner cavity structure, is provided with a barrel cavity and is used for moving along a straight line and penetrating through the shale rock sample so as to obtain a core sample of the shale rock sample; and

and the driving mechanism is arranged on the shell and used for driving the sampling cylinder to move along a straight line.

Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a driving rod, an anti-skid ball and a driven rod which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the anti-skid ball and the driven rod are both positioned in the inner cavity structure;

the periphery of the driving rod is provided with external threads, and the shell is provided with a first threaded hole in screw transmission with the driving rod; the driven rod is connected with the sampling cylinder;

the anti-skid ball is abutted between the lower end of the driving rod and the upper end of the driven rod; the driving rod rotates in the first direction and moves downwards at the same time of rotating, the driving rod abuts against the anti-skid balls and moves downwards, and then the anti-skid balls abut against the driven rod and move downwards in a translation mode.

Further, the driving mechanism further comprises a first guide sleeve fixed in the inner cavity structure; the first guide sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the driven rod, the first guide sleeve is provided with a first guide structure, the driven rod is provided with a second guide structure, and the first guide structure is in sliding fit with the second guide structure along the up-down direction, so that the driven rod can move linearly along the up-down direction.

Further, the second guide structure is a guide sheet structure, and the first guide structure is a sliding groove in sliding fit with the guide sheet structure.

Further, the driving mechanism further comprises a second guide sleeve fixed in the inner cavity; the second guide sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the anti-skid ball, and the second guide sleeve is provided with a cylindrical cavity matched with the anti-skid ball, so that the anti-skid ball moves in the up-and-down direction.

Furthermore, the upper portion of the driving rod extends out of the inner cavity structure and is located outside the shell, a through hole is formed in the portion, extending out of the inner cavity structure, of the driving rod, and the driving mechanism further comprises a handle which is inserted into the through hole, so that a worker can rotate the driving rod conveniently.

Furthermore, the rock sample clamping mechanism comprises a fixed box body fixedly arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity structure and at least one threaded tightening piece, the fixed box body is provided with a box body cavity for placing the shale rock sample, the periphery of the fixed box body is provided with at least one second threaded hole, each threaded tightening piece corresponds to each second threaded hole one by one, and the threaded tightening piece is in threaded connection with the corresponding second threaded hole;

and the threaded tightening piece is screwed to fixedly abut the shale rock sample in the cavity of the box body.

Further, the sampling tube includes the cylinder and link firmly in the roof on cylinder upper portion, the cylinder lower part is equipped with and is convenient for the cylinder inserts the cutting edge portion to in the shale rock specimen.

Furthermore, the sampling tube also comprises a stud structure fixedly arranged on the upper part of the top plate, and a third threaded hole in threaded connection with the stud structure is formed in the driven rod.

Furthermore, the bottom of the shell is provided with anti-skid grains.

Compared with the prior art, the shale coring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the traditional drilling type coring operation is avoided by arranging the sampling cylinder which moves along the straight line and penetrates through the shale rock sample to perform the coring operation, the molecular collision effect in the shale rock core caused by friction during coring is weakened, the shale rock core is prevented from being torn along the page by torsion, dust and noise are hardly generated in the coring process, and the integrity of the rock core is ensured with high probability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shale coring apparatus provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at A of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of fig. 1 with the outer case and the door body removed.

In the figure: 100. a housing; 200. a door body; 300. a rock sample clamping mechanism; 310. fixing the box body; 320. a threaded tightening member; 400. a sampling tube; 410. a cylinder; 411. cutting the blade part; 420. a top plate; 430. a stud structure; 500. a drive mechanism; 510. a driving lever; 520. an anti-skid ball; 530. a driven lever; 531. a second guide structure; 540. a first guide sleeve; 541. a first guide structure; 550. a second guide sleeve; 560. a handle; 570. a connecting rod; 600. a shale rock sample.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It should be noted that the terms "length," "width," "height," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "head," "tail," and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, are used for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

It is also noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Further, "plurality" or "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1-3, an embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention will now be described. The shale coring device comprises a shell 100, a door body 200, a rock sample clamping mechanism 300, a sampling barrel 400 and a driving mechanism 500.

Wherein, the enclosure 100 encloses and is equipped with the inner chamber structure, still is equipped with the opening on the enclosure 100, and the opening is used for the intercommunication external and the inside inner chamber structure of enclosure. The door body 200 is hinged to the housing for closing the opening. The rock sample clamping mechanism 300 is installed in the inner cavity structure for clamping and fixing the shale rock sample 600. When needing to carry out coring operation, the worker accessible is opened door body 200, installs shale rock specimen 600 in rock specimen fixture 300 through the opening, when carrying out coring operation, and the worker can be through closing door body 200, makes the inner chamber structure of shell 100 be in the encapsulated situation. The shale rock sample 600 is placed into the rock sample clamping mechanism 300 to be fixed, so that the stability of a rock structure is enhanced, and the integrity of a sampling rock core is improved.

The sampling barrel 400 is located in the inner cavity, the sampling barrel 400 has a barrel cavity, and the sampling barrel 400 is configured to move along a straight line (without rotation) and penetrate the shale rock sample 600 along the straight line to obtain a core sample of the shale rock sample 600 (after at least one end of the sampling barrel 400 penetrates the shale rock sample 600, the core sample is separated from the shale rock sample 600 and remains in the barrel cavity of the sampling barrel 400). After the coring operation, the operator may remove the core sample from the sampling barrel 400. Because the sampling tube 400 does not rotate like the prior art in the coring operation, the formation of drilling-type physical friction between the sampling tube and the rock sample is avoided, the molecular collision effect inside the rock caused by the friction between the sampling tube 400 and the shale rock sample 600 during coring is greatly weakened, and the shale rock core 600 is prevented from being torn along the shale due to torsion generated by the rotation friction of the sampling tube 400 on the rock sample. Because the core barrel 400 does not have severe friction with the shale rock sample 600, it produces little dust and noise and is clean. The straight-forward coring mode greatly improves the coring integrity rate, so that the coring operation can be efficiently completed. Therefore, the worker can conveniently, efficiently and cleanly take out the shale core, and the completeness of the core is ensured at a high probability, so that the shale rock structure can be accurately researched.

The driving mechanism 500 is installed on the casing 100, and a power output end of the driving mechanism 500 is connected with the sampling cylinder 400 and is used for driving the sampling cylinder 400 to move along a straight line so as to realize the straight line sampling of the sampling cylinder 400.

Compared with the prior art, the shale coring device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the traditional drilling type coring operation is avoided by arranging the sampling barrel which moves along the straight line and penetrates through the shale rock sample to perform coring operation, the molecular collision effect in the shale rock core caused by friction during coring is weakened, the shale rock core is prevented from being torn along the shale matrix due to torsion, meanwhile, dust and noise are hardly generated in the coring process, and the integrity of the rock core is ensured with high probability.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device provided in the present invention, the driving mechanism 500 includes a driving rod 510, an anti-slip ball 520, and a driven rod 530, which are sequentially disposed from top to bottom. Wherein the anti-skid ball 520 and the driven rod 530 are both located within the lumen structure.

The periphery of the driving rod 510 is provided with an external thread, the housing 100 is provided with a first threaded hole in screw transmission (or threaded connection) with the driving rod 510, and the driven rod 530 is connected with the sampling tube 400.

The anti-slip ball 520 is a ball structure and is abutted between the lower end of the driving rod 510 and the upper end of the driven rod 530, and the anti-slip ball 520 is disposed such that the driving rod 510 and the anti-slip ball 520 are in point contact and the driven rod 530 and the anti-slip ball 520 are in point contact. Thus, by the point contact (the contact friction force is reduced) of the anti-slip ball 520, it is difficult to rotate the anti-slip ball 520 and the driven lever 530 while the driving lever 510 rotates.

During the coring operation, place shell 100 on the level land, because the action of gravity, the lower extreme of sampling tube 400 can be direct with the top butt of shale rock specimen 600, the worker makes the downward movement when driving pole 510 rotation through along first direction (clockwise or anticlockwise) rotatory driving pole 510, and driving pole 510 butt antiskid ball 520 moves down, antiskid ball 520 then butt driven pole 530 (drive sampling tube 400) translation removal downwards (accomplish the coring operation). When the driving lever 510 is rotated in the opposite direction, the driving lever 510 moves upward (to the initial position), and at this time, the anti-slip ball 520 and the driven lever 530 are not subjected to the downward abutting force of the driving lever 510, and the worker can move the anti-slip ball 520, the driven lever 530, and the sampling tube 400 upward by taking up the sampling tube 400 upward.

The driving mechanism 500 in this embodiment may not be driven by pneumatic, hydraulic or electric power, and the driving rod 510 may be manually rotated, which is convenient for carrying and outdoor operation.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device of the present invention, the driving mechanism 500 further comprises a first guide sleeve 540 fixed in the inner cavity structure. The first guiding sleeve 540 is of a sleeve structure and is sleeved on the periphery of the driven rod 530, the first guiding sleeve 540 is provided with a first guiding structure 541, and the driven rod 530 is provided with a second guiding structure 531. The first guide 541 is slidably engaged with the second guide 531 in the up-down direction. Since the driven rod 530 still has a tendency of self-rotation (driven by the driving rod 510 and the anti-slip ball 520), the first guide structure 541 and the second guide structure 531 are specially configured, and the first guide structure 541 and the second guide structure 531 are in sliding fit in the up-and-down direction, so that the driven rod 530 can only realize linear movement in the up-and-down direction, and the self-rotation of the driven rod 530 is avoided.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device provided in the present invention, the second guiding structure 531 is a guiding sheet structure fixed outside the driven rod 530, and the first guiding structure 541 is a sliding slot slidably engaged with the guiding sheet structure. The sliding groove is provided on an inner wall of the first guide sleeve 540 in an up-down direction.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention, a connecting rod 570 is fixedly disposed on an outer wall of the first guiding sleeve 540, and the connecting rod 570 is further connected to an inner wall of the casing 100, so as to fix the first guiding sleeve 540 to the casing 100.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device of the present invention, the driving mechanism 500 further comprises a second guide sleeve 550 fixed within the inner cavity. The second guide sleeve 550 is of a sleeve structure, the second guide sleeve 550 is sleeved on the periphery of the anti-slip ball 520, and the second guide sleeve 550 is provided with a column-shaped cavity matched with the anti-slip ball 520 in a sleeved mode according to the overall dimension. Since the anti-slip ball 520 has a risk of slipping between the driving link 510 and the driven link 530, the second guide housing 550 is additionally provided at the outer circumference of the anti-slip ball 520 so that the anti-slip ball 520 can move only in the vertical direction within the cylindrical cavity, and thus the anti-slip ball 520 does not slip from between the driving link 510 and the driven link 530.

Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the shale coring device of the present invention, a top end of the second guide sleeve 550 is connected to the housing 100 (the top wall of the internal cavity structure).

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention, an upper portion of the active rod 510 extends out of the inner cavity structure and is located outside the casing 100, and a lower portion of the active rod 510 extends into the inner cavity structure and abuts against the anti-slip ball 520.

The portion of the active rod 510 extending out of the inner cavity structure is provided with a via hole, and the driving mechanism 500 further includes a handle 560 inserted into the via hole, wherein the handle 560 is similar to a rod body structure. After the handle 560 is inserted into the through hole, the worker can rotate the active rod 510 conveniently. The worker may remove the handle 560 from the via when a coring operation is not required.

As one embodiment of the shale coring apparatus provided by the present invention, a portion of the structure on the housing 100 is provided as a transparent structure such that the transparent structure is effectively a transparent viewing window through which a worker may view during a coring operation.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the shale coring device of the present invention, a rock sample holding mechanism 300 includes a fixed box 310 fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity structure and at least one threaded fastener 320. The fixed box body 310 is provided with a box body cavity for placing the shale rock sample 600, the periphery of the fixed box body 310 is provided with at least one second threaded hole, each thread screwing piece 320 is in one-to-one correspondence with each second threaded hole, and the thread screwing pieces 320 are in threaded connection with the corresponding second threaded holes.

After the rock sample 600 is placed into the cartridge body cavity, the threaded tightening member 320 is tightened to secure the shale rock sample 600 in the cartridge body cavity in abutment. It should be understood that because the lower end of the sampling tube 400 is required to penetrate the shale sample 600 during coring operations, the shale sample 600 is preferably suspended within the box cavity or a foam pad is disposed between the lower end of the shale sample 600 and the bottom surface of the box cavity.

Referring to fig. 3, as a specific embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention, the fixed box 310 is a rectangular box structure, the bottom end of the fixed box is fixed on the bottom surface of the box cavity, four inner sides of the rectangular box structure are respectively provided with a second threaded hole, correspondingly, there are four threaded tightening pieces 320, and the threaded tightening pieces are in a bolt structure.

Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention, the sampling tube 400 includes a cylindrical body 410 and a top plate 420 attached to an upper portion of the cylindrical body 410, the cylindrical body 410 is a circular sleeve structure, an upper end of the cylindrical body 410 is closed by the top plate 420, and a tube cavity is a cavity enclosed by the cylindrical body 410. The lower end of the cylinder 410 is provided with a cutting edge portion 411, and the cutting edge portion 411 is a sharp annular cutting edge so that the cylinder 410 can be inserted into the shale rock sample 600 conveniently.

Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention, the sampling tube 400 further includes a stud structure 430 fixedly disposed on the upper portion of the top plate 420, and a third threaded hole threadedly coupled with the stud structure 430 is formed at the bottom of the follower rod 530. In this way, the sampling tube 400 can be removed from the follower lever 530 by a threaded connection for easy replacement. Meanwhile, the core sample sizes of different types of shale rock samples 600 are different, so that a shale coring apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention may have sampling barrels 400 of various specifications (mainly, different radial sizes of the cylindrical body 410), so that each sampling barrel 400 is detachably mounted on the follower rod 530 through a threaded connection, and is more convenient to replace.

As a specific embodiment of the shale coring device provided by the present invention, the bottom of the casing 100 is provided with anti-slip lines, so that the casing 100 can be stably placed on a flat ground, and a stable environment is provided for coring operation.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Shale coring device, its characterized in that includes:

the door body is hinged with the shell and used for closing the opening;

the driving mechanism is arranged on the shell and used for driving the sampling cylinder to move along a straight line;

the driving mechanism comprises a driving rod, an anti-skid ball and a driven rod which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the anti-skid ball and the driven rod are both positioned in the inner cavity structure;

2. The shale coring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism further comprises a first guide sleeve secured within the inner chamber structure; the first guide sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the driven rod, the first guide sleeve is provided with a first guide structure, the driven rod is provided with a second guide structure, and the first guide structure is in sliding fit with the second guide structure along the up-down direction, so that the driven rod can move linearly along the up-down direction.

3. The shale coring apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second guide structure is a guide blade structure and the first guide structure is a sliding channel in sliding engagement with the guide blade structure.

4. The shale coring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the drive mechanism further comprises a second guide sleeve secured within the inner cavity; the second guide sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the anti-skid ball, and the second guide sleeve is provided with a cylindrical cavity matched with the anti-skid ball, so that the anti-skid ball moves in the up-and-down direction.

5. The shale coring apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, wherein an upper portion of the active rod extends out of the internal cavity structure and is located outside of the housing, a portion of the active rod extending out of the internal cavity structure is provided with a through hole, and the drive mechanism further comprises a handle for insertion into the through hole to facilitate rotation of the active rod by a worker.

6. The shale coring apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the rock sample holding mechanism comprises a fixed box body fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity structure and at least one threaded tightening member, the fixed box body is provided with a box body cavity for placing the shale rock sample, the periphery of the fixed box body is provided with at least one second threaded hole, each threaded tightening member corresponds to each second threaded hole one by one, and the threaded tightening member is in threaded connection with the corresponding second threaded hole;

7. A shale coring apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sampling barrel comprises a cylindrical body and a top plate attached to an upper portion of the cylindrical body, a lower portion of the cylindrical body being provided with a cutting edge portion for facilitating insertion of the cylindrical body into the shale rock sample.

8. The shale coring apparatus of claim 7, wherein the sampling barrel further comprises a stud structure fixedly disposed on an upper portion of the top plate, and the follower rod is provided with a third threaded hole in threaded connection with the stud structure.

9. A shale coring apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom of the housing is provided with non-slip threads.