RU2521713C1 - Method of bearing-guarding elements of wall timber from small-dimension timber stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to woodwork. Log is rounded up and its end is milled to preset shape and separated by sawing. Then, grooves are cut at remainder two-edged cant for warmth-keeping jacket and bearing-guarding elements of composite wall cant are sawn off. Bearing sites of guarding elements feature different width equal to 1/3 width of two-edged cant site. The bearing-guarding element entire surface composed of parts is cut to log-shape surface. At a time, edge-faced timber is cut from two-edged cant in thickness making 1/3 of two-edged cant while workpiece for finishing material is separated sap-wood side is separated from every second blank. One of two elements with preserved sap-wood side in sawn into two identical-height parts. Grooves are milled for insulant composed of sealant cord opposite the site with groove at parts of sawn element.

EFFECT: higher yield of commercial timber.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden houses and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting and enclosing elements from fine materials.

The construction of manor houses made of wood in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko. "Planning and repair of a rural residential building", Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of construction of which is the difficulty in performing carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are constructed, as a rule, from logs and timber of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the dwelling, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the dwelling.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years.

For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is only 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house.

However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result, the removal of internal stresses in the wood.

Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008].

It is known that glued beams [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and are manufactured at house-building plants. It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are prefabricated, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued beam house, developed relatively recently, is not known, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams.

Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219 C1, 03/27/2010], which makes it possible to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood. A common drawback of the above developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which become the whole field scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw material bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties not different from ripe wood), previously practically unused in the construction of log houses, are being processed.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of manufacturing a prefabricated wall beam, namely its supporting and enclosing elements (OOE), from fine wood raw materials, combining both aesthetic appearance and durability, and all the positive qualities inherent in building materials from Siberian larch and cedar but combining in its new form the properties of these rocks into a single whole, subject to a decrease in the cost of building a residential building. The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method for the manufacture of OOE of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of a cutting scheme for fine wood raw materials (with fewer machining operations, but subject to an increase in the yield of industrial wood, especially solid) and the assembly order elements with leaving them their properties, namely their surfaces in contact with atmospheric influences or healing the air inside the room.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing the OOE of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes rounding the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves are milled on the remaining two-edged beam insulation and separate the OOE of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, according to the invention, the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have a width equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged br ca, and at the same time from the middle part of the beam we get radial sawn timber with a thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the beam, and from each second element the workpiece for the production of finishing material is separated from the sap side, then the element with the saved sap side is divided into two equal parts the height of the part and on them from the side opposite the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side, is done by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant, then the element from which the workpiece is separated, fastened with its wide side to lumber, similar in cross-sectional size and obtained when cutting a two-edged beam, but of another breed, by means of screws, and parts of the divided element with their longitudinal flat areas are installed on the platforms of the element assembled from different breeds, combining their grooves with grooves of the assembled element, in which a cord sealant is fixed, and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side, and only after th gathered from the cut parts on the proposed scheme dvuhkantnogo timber surface supporting-member boundary is milled with sapwood side to give it the form of the log surface. The decisive condition in the solution of the set goals is debarking of the log and it is produced by removing the bark before the operation of the rounding.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials according to the proposed cutting scheme and the sequence of stages of the assembly of OOE wall timber.

1) the movement of the original unbarked wood raw materials,

2) debarking

3) cylindering

4) milling on the outside and separation of finishing materials,

5) milling of grooves and separation of a two-edged beam into OOE, edged sawn timber and a workpiece for the production of finishing material,

6) dividing the element into two parts of equal height

7) milling of grooves,

8) the connection of the whole element with edged lumber of another breed and the installation of cord sealant,

9) assembly of the OOE from the components,

10) giving the OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling.

The technological process is carried out in the following sequence. The feedstock in the form of fine non-barked wood 1 enters the woodworking plant and is subjected to debarking 2 by removing the bark and taking it to a separate bunker. Then the barked log is fed to a cylindering machine, where it is shaped into a cylinder 3 of a predetermined diameter, and the chips removed by milling enter the chopped wood bunker. Operation 4 provides for giving the finishing materials a given shape (spike and groove) and separating them from the rounded log. On the obtained two-edged beam, grooves for the insulation are simultaneously milled and divided into OOE, edged lumber and a blank for the finishing material 5. Operations 6 and 7 divide the element into two parts of equal height and cut it on new sites of the insulation grooves by milling. Operations 8 and 9 provide for the assembly of the OOE from the components by fastening them with screws, but the cord sealant is pre-installed. The final step is to perform the milling operation 10 in order to give the OOE the shape of the surface of the log. All wood chopped during the processing operations in the form of wood chips, shavings and sawdust enters a separate bunker and is sold to specialized enterprises.

The advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of manufacturing the supporting wall elements of the wall timber from fine wood raw materials with a maximum yield of both solid and chopped wood, with fewer machining operations, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the construction and woodworking enterprises, and an increase in the pace building and cheapening a wooden house.

Claims (7)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering the log and milling it on the outside to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves for insulation are milled on the remaining two-edged beam and separating the supporting enclosing elements of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, characterized in that the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have a width equal to 1/3 of the width of the area two-edged th timber, and the entire surface of the supporting-enclosing element assembled from parts is milled from the sap side to give it the shape of the surface of the log. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time as receiving support-guarding elements by sawing, radial sawn timber is cut from the middle part of a two-edged timber with a thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the two-edged timber platform, and separated from the sapwood from each second element side blank for the production of finishing material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the two elements with the sap side preserved by sawing is divided into two parts of equal height. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the obtained parts of the divided element from the side opposite to the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the element from which the workpiece is separated is fastened with its wide side to the sawn timber, similar in cross-sectional size obtained when cutting a two-edged beam, but of a different breed, using screws. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that parts of the divided element are mounted with their longitudinal flat areas on the site of the element assembled from different breeds, combining their grooves with the grooves of the element assembled from different breeds, in which the cord sealant is fixed, and they are fastened with screws , and all components are set with their sapwood surfaces on one side. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the cylindering, debark the log by removing the bark.

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