RU2515229C1 - Method of bearing-guarding elements production of wall timber from small-dimension timber stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to woodwork. Log is rounded up and its end is milled to preset shape and separated by sawing. Then, grooves are cut at remainder two-edged cant for warmth-keeping jacket and bearing-guarding elements of composite wall cant are sawn off. Bearing sites of guarding elements feature different width equal to 1/3 width of two-edged cant site. Simultaneously with production of bearing-guarding elements, edged-surface lumber its thickness making 1/3 of the area of two-edged cant site is made by sawing the mid part of said cant. Element with site width equal to 1/3 of that of two-edged cant site is sawn to two parts of equal height. Grooves are milled for insulant composed of sealant cord opposite the site with groove at parts of sawn element. Every second solid element is screwed with lumber of similar cross-section.

EFFECT: higher yield of commercial timber.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden houses and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting and enclosing elements from fine materials.

The construction of wooden manors in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko “Planning and repair of a rural residential building”, Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of which is the complexity Carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are constructed, as a rule, from logs and timber of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the dwelling, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the dwelling.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years.

For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is only 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house.

However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result of the removal of internal stresses in the wood.

Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008].

It is known that glued beams [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and are manufactured at house-building plants. It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are prefabricated, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued beam house, developed relatively recently, is not known, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885 U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams.

Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219 C1, 03/27/2010], which makes it possible to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood.

A common drawback of the above developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which are becoming increasingly scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw material bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties not different from ripe wood), previously not used in the construction of log houses, are being processed.

The present invention is to develop a method of manufacturing a prefabricated wall beam, namely its supporting and enclosing elements (OOE), from fine wood raw materials, combining both aesthetic appearance and durability, and all the positive qualities inherent in a wooden house made from larch wood and cedar, but combining in its new form the properties of these rocks into a single whole.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method for the manufacture of OOE of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of a cutting scheme for fine wood raw materials (with fewer processing operations, but with a maximum yield of commercial wood, both whole and chopped) and the order of assembly of the elements, leaving them their properties, namely their surfaces in contact with atmospheric influences.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing the OOE of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes rounding the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves are milled on the remaining two-edged beam insulation and separate the OOE of the prefabricated wall beams by sawing, according to the invention, the supporting area of the enclosing elements have a width equal to 1/3 of the width of the area of the two-edged br a mustache, while at the same time from the middle part we get radial sawn timber of a thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam, one of the two elements is cut into two parts by sawing and on the side opposite to the platform with the groove closer to the sapwood side, make by milling grooves for insulation, then the whole element is fastened with its wide side with sawn timber of a similar cross section, separated when sawing a two-edged beam, but of a different breed, and parts are divided of the element with its longitudinal flat areas is installed on the site of the element assembled from different breeds, combining its grooves with the grooves of the assembled element, in which the cord sealant is fixed, and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side, then the entire surface assembled from parts on the sapon side it is milled from the sap side, but first, by sawing with a band saw, the workpiece is separated from the assembled element for the production of finishing material. Prior to all operations, debarking the log by removing the bark.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials and manufacturing OOE wall timber.

1) the movement of the source of non-root raw materials

2) debarking

3) cylindering

4) Department of finishing materials,

5) milling of grooves and separation of a two-edged beam into OOE and edged sawn timber,

6) dividing the element into two workpieces of equal height

7) milling of grooves,

8) the connection of the whole element with edged lumber and installation of cord sealant,

9) the assembly of the OOE from the components and the separation of the workpiece for the production of finishing material,

10) giving the OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling.

The technological process is as follows.

The feedstock in the form of fine non-barked wood 1 enters the woodworking plant and is subjected to debarking 2 by removing the bark and taking it to a separate bunker. Then the barked log is fed to a cylindering machine, where it is shaped into a cylinder 3 of a predetermined diameter, and the chips removed by milling enter the chopped wood bunker. Operation 4 provides for giving the finishing materials a given shape (spike and groove) and separating them from the rounded log. On the obtained two-edged beam, grooves for insulation are milled and divided into OOE and edged sawn timber 5. Operations 6 and 7 divide the element into two parts of equal height and cut on new sites of insulation grooves by milling. Operations 8 and 9 provide for the assembly of OOE from components, their fastening with screws and separation of the workpiece for the production of finishing materials. Operation 10 is carried out in order to give the OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling. All wood chopped during operations 3-10 in the form of wood chips, shavings and sawdust enters the hopper and is sold to specialized enterprises.

The advantage of the proposed method is the manufacture of OOE wall timber from fine wood raw materials, previously practically not used in the construction of log cabins of houses, valuable Siberian species, with a maximum yield of business, both whole and shredded wood, and with fewer technological operations, which leads to an increase economic efficiency of enterprises in the construction and woodworking industries, leads to an increase in the pace of construction and cheaper houses.

Claims (9)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering the log and milling it on the outside to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves for insulation are milled on the remaining two-edged beam and separating the supporting enclosing elements of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, characterized in that the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have a width equal to 1/3 of the width of the area two-edged go timber. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time as receiving the supporting-protecting elements by sawing, edged radial sawn timber with a thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam is obtained from the middle part of a two-edged beam. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the two elements with a width of the platform equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged beam, by sawing, is divided into two parts of equal height. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the obtained parts of the divided element from the side opposite to the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that every second whole element is fastened with its wide side to the sawn timber of a similar cross section, separated by sawing a two-edged beam, but of another breed, by means of screws. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that parts of the divided element are mounted with their longitudinal flat areas on the site of the element assembled from different breeds, combining their grooves with the grooves of the element assembled from different breeds, in which the cord sealant is fixed, and they are fastened with screws , and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire surface assembled from parts from the sap side is milled in order to give it a shape of the surface of the log. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to milling the supporting-enclosing element assembled from the parts, the workpiece for producing the finishing material is separated from it from the sap side. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the cylindering, debark the log by removing the bark.

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