RU2492998C1 - Method of bearing-guarding elements of wall timber from small-dimension timber stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to woodwork and construction, particularly, to production of prefabricated bearing-guarding structures from small-dimension timber. Log is rounded up and milled over at least outer surface to make two-edged cant to cut grooves for warmth-keeping jacket. Then, two-edged cant is sawn to two bearing-guarding elements making in width 1/3 and 2/3 of two-edged cant width. Then, element with smaller width is sawn into two equal-height parts. Grooves for warmth-keeping jacket are milled on the side opposite site with groove closer to sapwood. Then, parts of separated element are placed by their lengthwise flat sites on integral element site on aligning their grooves with those of said integral element wherein cord seal is fitted and screwed together. Note here that all components are set by their sapwood surfaces on one side. Now guarding-bearing element is shaped to log by milling. Prior to rounding-up, the log is debarked.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of construction and woodworking.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden residential buildings and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting wall elements of a wall beam from fine materials.

The construction of wooden manors in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko “Planning and repair of a rural residential building”, Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of construction of which is the difficulty in performing carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are built, as a rule, from logs and beams of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the home, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the home.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years.

For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house.

However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result of the removal of internal stresses in the wood. Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008].

It is known that glued timber [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and is manufactured at house-building plants. It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are assembled, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued-beam house, developed relatively recently, is unknown, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885 U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams. Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219 C1, 03/27/2010], which makes it possible to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood.

A common drawback of the known developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which are becoming increasingly scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw materials bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties that do not differ from ripe wood), previously practically not used in the construction of log houses, are being processed.

The present invention is to develop a method of manufacturing a prefabricated wall beam, namely, its supporting and enclosing elements (OOE) from fine wood raw materials, combining both aesthetic appearance and durability, and all the positive qualities inherent in a wooden house.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method for the manufacture of OOE of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of a scheme for cutting fine wood raw materials (with maximum yield of commercial wood) and the assembly procedure for the elements, leaving them their properties, namely their surfaces, in contact with atmospheric influences.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing the OOE of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes rounding the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves are milled on the remaining two-edged beam insulation and separate the OOE of the prefabricated wall beams by sawing, according to the invention, the supporting area of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the area of two antenna beam and narrower by sawing is divided into two equal parts in height and grooves for insulation are milled on the planes closer to the sapon side, then parts of the divided element are mounted on the platforms of the whole element, aligning the grooves, while a cord sealant is fixed in the grooves of the whole element, they are fastened together with screws, and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side, and then this surface assembled from parts is milled from the sapwood side in order to give it forms the log surface, and to conduct all operations produce a log debarking by removing the crust.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials and manufacturing OOE wall timber.

The order of operations is as follows:

1) the movement of the source of non-root raw materials,

2) debarking

3) cylindering

4) Department of finishing materials,

5) milling of grooves and separation of a two-edged beam into OOE,

6) dividing the element into two workpieces of equal height

7) milling of grooves,

8) the assembly of the OOE from its constituent blanks,

9) giving OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling.

The operations of this method consists in the following sequence. The feedstock in the form of non-rooted fine wood 1 is fed to a wood processing plant and subjected to debarking 2 by removing the bark and draining it into a separate bunker. The barked log is fed to a cylindering machine, where it is shaped into a cylinder with a predetermined diameter of 3, and the chips removed by milling enter the chopped wood bunker. Operation 4 provides for giving the finishing materials a given shape (spike and groove) and separating them from the rounded log. On the obtained two-edged beam, grooves are milled and its 5 is divided into OOE. Operations 6 and 7 carry out the division of the element into two parts of equal height and cutting on the new areas of the grooves by milling. Operation 8 provides for fixing the sealant in the grooves of the whole element and the installation of two halves with their bases on the platforms of the whole element with the aim of further fastening them into a single unit and obtaining the OOE with a height equal to the double height of a two-edged beam. When performing the final operation 9 by milling assembled from blanks of the OOE from the sap side, the surface of the log is shaped. All wood crushed during 3-9 without bark in the form of wood chips, shavings and sawdust enters the hopper and is used in the manufacture of paper, pellets or in chemical industries.

The advantage of the proposed method is the production of wall timber from fine wood raw materials, previously not used in the construction of log houses, an increase in the yield of industrial wood, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the construction and woodworking industries, transfers wooden housing construction from the elite category to the social category.

Claims (6)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves for insulation are milled on the remaining two-edged beam and separating the supporting enclosing elements of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, characterized in that the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the area two-edged beam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with a width of the platform equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged beam, by sawing, is divided into two parts of equal height. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the obtained parts of the divided element from the side opposite to the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the divided element with their longitudinal flat areas are mounted on the platforms of the whole element, combining their grooves with the grooves of the whole element, in which the cord sealant is fixed and fastened with screws, all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces one side. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire surface assembled from parts from the sap side is milled in order to give it a shape of the surface of the log. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the cylindering, debark the log by removing the bark.

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