RU2517966C2 - Method to manufacture support-barrier elements of wall beam from undersized raw wood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and wood working industry, in particular, to the method to manufacture prefabricated support-barrier elements from undersized raw wood. A log is rounded and milled at the outer side in order to give the specified shape to finishing materials with their simultaneous separation by means of sawing. Then on the remaining round-edge cant they mill grooves for heat insulation material, and support-barrier elements of the prefabricated wall beam are separated by means of sawing. At the same time support sites of barrier elements are given different width equal to 1/3 and 2/3 width of the site of the round-edge cant. Then the element having smaller width of the site by means of sawing is divided into two parts of equal height. At the side opposite to the site with the groove closer to the sap side, grooves are made by milling for heat insulation material. Parts of the separated element are installed by their flat sites into sites of an integral element, in the grooves of which there is a cord sealant. Then everything is fixed by screws, besides, all components are installed by their sap surfaces at one side. From the support-barrier element at the sap side by means of sawing they separate a stock for production of finishing material. The support-barrier element is milled.

EFFECT: increased yield of workable wood.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden residential buildings and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting wall elements of a wall beam from fine materials.

The construction of wooden manors in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko “Planning and repair of a rural residential building”. M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of construction of which is the difficulty in performing carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are constructed, as a rule, from logs and timber of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the dwelling, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the dwelling.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years. For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house. However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result of the removal of internal stresses in the wood. Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008]. It is known that glued timber [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and is manufactured at house-building plants.

It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are prefabricated, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued beam house, developed relatively recently, is unknown, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885 U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams. Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219С1, 03/27/2010], which allows one to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood.

A common drawback of the known developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which are becoming increasingly scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw material bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties not different from ripe wood), previously not used in the construction of log houses, are being processed.

The present invention is to develop a method of manufacturing a prefabricated wall beam, namely its supporting and enclosing elements (OOE), from fine wood raw materials, combining both aesthetic appearance and durability, and all the positive qualities inherent in a wooden house.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method for the manufacture of OOE of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of a scheme for cutting thin-wood raw materials (with the maximum yield of commercial wood) and the assembly procedure of the elements, leaving them their properties, namely their surfaces, in contact with atmospheric influences.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing an OOE of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes rounding the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves are milled on the remaining two-edged beam. for the insulation and separate the OOE of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, according to the invention, the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the areas and a two-edged beam and a narrower one by sawing is divided into two equal parts in height and grooves for insulation are milled on the planes closer to the sapon side, then parts of the divided element are installed on the platforms of the whole element, combining the grooves, while a cord sealant is fixed in the grooves of the whole element , all fasten with screws, and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side, and then this surface assembled from parts is milled from the sapwood side, but before by sawing a band saw of the assembled element is separated blank for producing the fabric. Prior to all operations, debarking the log by removing the bark.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials and manufacturing OOE wall timber. The order of operations is as follows:

1) the movement of the source of non-root raw materials

2) debarking

3) cylindering

4) Department of finishing materials,

5) milling of grooves and separation of a two-edged beam into OOE,

6) dividing the element into two workpieces of equal height

7) milling of grooves,

8) the assembly of the OOE from the constituent parts and the separation of the workpiece for the production of finishing materials,

9) giving OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling.

 The operations of this method consists in the following sequence.

The feedstock in the form of non-rooted fine wood 1 is fed to a wood processing plant and subjected to debarking 2 by removing the bark and draining it into a separate bunker. The barked log is fed to a cylindering machine, where it is shaped into a cylinder with a predetermined diameter of 3, and the chips removed by milling enter the chopped wood bunker. Operation 4 provides for giving the finishing materials a given shape (spike and groove) and separating them from the rounded log. Grooves are milled on the obtained two-edged beam and divided into OOE 5. Operations 6 and 7 divide the element into two parts of equal height and cut it on new groove sites by milling. Operation 8 provides for fixing the sealant in the grooves of the whole element and installing the two halves with their bases on the platforms of the whole element with the aim of further fastening them with screws into a single whole and obtaining the OOE with a height equal to the double height of the two-edged beam, here, by cutting, the workpiece is separated from the assembled element for production finishing material, which increases the yield of solid valuable ash-wood timber. Operation 9 by milling gives the OOE the shape of the surface of the log. All wood crushed during operations 3–9 without bark in the form of wood chips, shavings and sawdust enters the hopper and is used in the manufacture of paper, pellets or in chemical production.

The advantage of the proposed method is the manufacture of OOE wall timber from fine wood raw materials, previously practically not used in the construction of log houses, with a maximum yield of business, both whole and ground wood, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the construction and woodworking industries, leading to the translation wooden housing construction from the category of the elite to the category of social.

Claims (6)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering the log and milling it on the outside to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves for insulation are milled on the remaining two-edged beam and separating the supporting-enclosing elements of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, characterized in that before the milling operation of the assembled from the parts of the supporting-enclosing element, about has a sapwood side is separated by sawing the blank for the production of the fabric, and the supporting pad enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the pad dvuhkantnogo timber. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with a width of the platform equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged beam, by sawing, is divided into two parts of equal height. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the obtained parts of the divided element from the side opposite to the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the divided element are mounted with their longitudinal flat areas on the platforms of the whole element in which the cord sealant is fixed, and all are fastened with screws, all components being installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire surface assembled from parts from the sap side is milled in order to give it a shape of the surface of the log. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the cylindering, debark the log by removing the bark.

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