RU2492997C1 - Method of bearing-guarding elements of wall timber from small-dimension timber stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to woodwork and construction, particularly, to production of prefabricated bearing-guarding structures from small-dimension timber. Log is rounded up and milled over at least outer surface to make two-edged cant to cut grooves for warmth-keeping jacket. Then, two-edged cant is sawn to two bearing-guarding elements making in width 1/3 and 2/3 of two-edged cant width. Then element with smaller are is sawn into two equal-height parts. Grooves for warmth-keeping jacket are milled on the side opposite site with groove closer to sapwood. Then, parts of separated element are placed by their lengthwise flat sites on integral element site on aligning their grooves with those of said integral element wherein cord seal is fitted and screwed together. Note here that all components are placed by their sapwood surfaces on one side. Completion phase consists in milling of the assembled integral surface to shape it to a log.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of construction and woodworking plants.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden houses and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting and enclosing elements from fine materials.

The construction of wooden manors in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko. "Planning and repair of a rural residential building", M., Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of construction of which is the difficulty in performing carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are built, as a rule, from logs and beams of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the home, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the home.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years.

For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is only 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house.

However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result of the removal of internal stresses in the wood.

Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008].

It is known that glued beams [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and is manufactured at house-building plants. It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are assembled, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued beam house, developed relatively recently, is not known, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885 U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams.

Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219 C1, 03/27/2010], which makes it possible to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood.

A common drawback of the above developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which are becoming increasingly scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw material bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties not different from ripe wood), previously practically unused in the construction of log houses, are being processed.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of manufacturing a prefabricated wall beam, namely its supporting and enclosing elements, from fine wood raw materials, combining both aesthetic appearance and durability, and all the positive qualities inherent in a wooden house.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of a pattern for cutting fine wood raw materials and the assembly order of the elements, leaving them their properties, namely, their surfaces in contact with atmospheric influences .

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing the supporting-walling elements of the wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes cylindering the log, milling it on the outside in order to create planes of the two-edged beam and obtain grooves for insulation, and dividing the circular saws into supporting-enclosing elements , according to the invention, the supporting platforms of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam, the narrower by sawing is divided into two equal in grooves for insulation are milled on the hundredth part and on the planes closer to the sapon side, then on the element with a width of 2/3 of the platform width, install the bottom and top of the part of the divided element, combining the grooves into which the cord sealant is previously fixed, everything is fastened with screws, and all components they are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side, and then this surface assembled from parts is milled in order to give it the shape of the surface of the log.

The invention is illustrated by Figure 1, which presents the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials and the manufacture of supporting and protecting elements of the wall timber.

The operation procedure is as follows:

1) the movement of the original non-rooted raw materials;

2) cylindering;

3) obtaining a two-edged beam by milling;

4) obtaining support and enclosing elements;

5) dividing the element into two workpieces of equal height;

6) milling of grooves;

7) the assembly of the supporting and enclosing element from its constituent parts;

8) giving the supporting-fencing element the shape of the surface of the log by milling.

The operation of this method are as follows. The feedstock in the form of non-barked fine wood 1 undergoes a cylindering operation 2 in order to give the feedstock a cylinder shape with a given diameter. Operation 3 involves milling to give the cylinder the shape of a two-edged beam with simultaneous cutting of grooves for the cord sealant. Then, by sawing, the two-edged beam is divided into two parts of unequal width of the platforms. Part 4. The resulting part, with a width equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform, is divided into 5 parts that are equal in height and grooves are made by milling 6 on their new planes. A prefabricated element 7 is assembled from the integer part and two halves, pre-securing the cord sealant, and then fastening the parts with screws. Operation 8 provides, by milling, to give the prefabricated supporting and enclosing element a log surface.

The advantage of the proposed method is the manufacture of supporting-walling elements of the wall timber from fine wood raw materials, previously practically not used in the construction of log houses, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the construction and woodworking industries, and leads to the transfer of wooden housing construction from the elite category to the social category.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering of the log and milling it on the outside to create planes of a two-edged beam and obtain grooves for insulation, and separate supporting and enclosing elements of a precast wall beam by sawing, characterized in that that the supporting pads of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with a width of the platform equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged beam, by sawing, is divided into two parts of equal height. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the obtained parts of the divided element from the side opposite to the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the divided element with their longitudinal flat areas are mounted on the platforms of the whole element, combining their grooves with the grooves of the whole element, in which the cord sealant is fixed and fastened with screws, all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces one side. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire surface assembled from parts from the sap side is milled in order to give it a shape of the surface of the log.

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