RU2519885C1 - Manufacturing method of supporting and enclosing elements of dissimilar wall beam from undersized raw wood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: rounding and milling of a log is performed on the outer side to provide finishing materials with the specified shape with their simultaneous separation by means of sawing. Then, on the rest two-sided log there milled are grooves for insulating material and supporting and enclosing elements of a prefabricated wall beam are separated by sawing. Supporting platforms of the supporting and enclosing elements have width equal to 1/3 of the width of the two-sided log platform. Middle part of the two-sided log is used to obtain radial square-sawn timber with thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the two-sided log platform. Every second supporting and enclosing element is divided into parts, each of which has the platform width equal to 1/6 of the two-sided log platform width.

EFFECT: increasing yield of commercial whole timber.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden houses and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting and enclosing elements from fine materials.

The construction of wooden manors in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko “Planning and repair of a rural residential building”, Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of which is the complexity Carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are constructed, as a rule, from logs and timber of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the dwelling, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the dwelling.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years.

For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is only 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house.

However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result of the removal of internal stresses in the wood.

Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008].

It is known that glued beams [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and is manufactured at house-building plants. It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are prefabricated, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued beam house, developed relatively recently, is not known, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams.

Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219 C1, 03/27/2010], which makes it possible to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood.

A common drawback of the above developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which become the whole field scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw material bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties not different from ripe wood), previously practically unused in the construction of log houses, are being processed. The objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost of building a house from a mixed-breed timber, manufactured in the factory, combining both an aesthetic appearance and durability, and having various wall surfaces inside the living room, characteristic of the surfaces of the walls from planed timber, for example, from cedar wood, emitting thin aroma, healing and disinfecting air in the house. The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method for manufacturing in the factory support and enclosing elements (OOE) of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of the sequence of machining of fine wood raw materials (subject to an increase in the yield of industrial wood, especially solid wood ) and the order of assembly of the elements, leaving them their properties, namely, surfaces that heal indoor air. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing an OOE of a heterogeneous wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes rounding the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves are milled on the remaining two-edged beam. for the insulation and separate the OOE of the assembled beam by sawing, according to the invention, the supporting areas of the elements have a width equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam and about at the same time, from the middle part of a two-edged beam, radial sawn edged timber with a thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the beam area is obtained, and every second OOE is divided into two parts, one of which will be the enclosing in the OOE, and the second - a blank for the block house, and each part will have a width of the platform equal to 1/6 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam, then the undivided element is divided into two parts of equal height by sawing and on them from the side opposite the platform with the groove, they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of w noura sealant, then the enclosing element is fastened to the supporting element of rectangular cross section, but of a different breed, and having grooves for insulation on the supporting platforms, by means of screws, and parts of the divided element are installed with their longitudinal flat areas on the platforms of the element assembled from different breeds and in the grooves of which a cord sealant is fixed, and everything is fastened with screws, and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side, and only after that the OOE attaches I smooth surface by cutting protruding from the sapwood side of the protrusions constituting element portions constituting two rough furniture components. The decisive condition in the solution of this problem is debarking of the log and it is produced by removing the bark before the operation of cylindering.

The invention is captured in the figure, which shows the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials and the sequence of stages of the assembly of OOE, which will be located indoors.

1) the movement of the original unbarked wood raw materials,

2) debarking

3) cylindering

4) milling on the outside and separation of finishing materials,

5) milling of grooves and dividing a two-edged beam into OOE, edged sawn timber, and every second OOE is divided into two parts, one of which will be enclosing, and the second - a blank for a block house,

6) dividing the element into two parts of equal height

7) milling of grooves,

8) the connection of the supporting and enclosing elements and fixing the cord sealant,

9) assembly of the OOE from the components,

10) separation of two rough furniture blanks.

The technological process is carried out in the following sequence. The feedstock in the form of fine non-barked wood 1 enters the woodworking plant and is subjected to debarking 2 by removing the bark and taking it to a separate bunker. Then the barked log is fed to a cylindering machine, where it is shaped into a cylinder 3 of a predetermined diameter, and the chips removed by milling enter the chopped wood bunker. Operation 4 provides for giving the finishing materials a given shape (spike and groove) and separating them from the rounded log. On the obtained two-edged beam, a groove for the insulation is simultaneously cut and divided into OOE, edged sawn timber, fencing element and a blank for the block house 5. Operations 6 and 7 divide the element into two parts of equal height and cutting grooves for the insulation. Operations 8 and 9 provide for the connection of the supporting and enclosing elements, fixing the cord sealant and the assembly of the OOE from the components. The final stage is the separation of two rough furniture blanks 10 in order to give the OOE a smooth, flat surface. All wood chopped during the processing operations in the form of wood chips, shavings and sawdust enters a separate bunker and is sold to specialized enterprises. The advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a different type of timber from fine wood raw materials in the factory with an increased yield of solid commercial wood and with fewer machining operations, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of construction and woodworking enterprises, an increase in the pace of construction and cheaper wooden house.

Claims (9)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a heterogeneous wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves for insulation are milled on the remaining two-edged beam. and separating the supporting enclosing elements of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, characterized in that the supporting platforms of the supporting enclosing elements have a width equal to 1/3 of the width We are the sites of a two-edged beam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time as receiving the supporting and protecting elements by sawing, radial sawn timber is cut from the middle part of a two-edged timber with a thickness equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged timber, and every second supporting-enclosing element is divided into two parts, one of which will be the enclosing one, and the second a blank for the block house, and each will have a width of the platform equal to 1/6 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves for the insulation are milled only on the undivided support and enclosing element. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the undivided supporting and protecting element by sawing is divided into two parts of equal height. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that on equal parts in height from the side opposite the platform with the groove, make by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the enclosing element is fastened to the supporting element of rectangular cross section, but of a different breed, having grooves for insulation on the supporting sites, in which the cord sealant is fixed. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the parts of the divided element with their longitudinal flat areas are installed on the site of the element assembled from different breeds, combining their grooves with the grooves of the element assembled from different breeds and fastened with screws, all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that by cutting from the assembled supporting and enclosing element two draft furniture blanks are separated from the bottom side. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the cylindering, debark the log by removing the bark.

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