RU2502319C1 - Method for production of fodder additive for prevention of animals and birds mycotoxicosis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology and fodder production, in particular, to a method for production of a fodder additive for prevention of anima and bird mycotoxicosis. The method envisages mechanochamical treatment of the raw stock components with further granulation of the produced mixture. The components are represented by a mixture containing a mineral sorbent, hydrolised lignin and fodder yeast cell walls. The mechanochemical treatment consists in milling individual components in rotary vortex mills with an embedded particle classifier of in the components mixing and treatment in the presence of at least one compound enzyme preparation affecting hydrolised lignin residual polysaccharides and yeast cell walls polysaccharides.

EFFECT: method allows to produce a compound additive having a wide range of effects with improved efficiency of fodder mycotoxins binding, stimulating the immune system and preventing malfunctions in the animal and bird digestive tract; at the same time, combined usage of hydrolised lignin, fodder yeast and a mineral sorbent as a preventive agent with animals allows to minimise the sorbent application side effect, recover the digestive tract homeostasis and normalise metabolic indices.

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Description

The invention relates to biotechnology and feed production, in particular to technologies for the preparation of premixes and animal feed containing special complex biological active additives that prevent the toxicity of animals and birds through the effective binding of toxins, stimulate the immune system and prevent the development of disorders in the gastrointestinal tract.

Currently, various methods are used to obtain feed additives aimed at the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and birds. The main method of neutralizing mycotoxins is neutralization using sorbents. Its effectiveness varies significantly due to the variety of chemical structures and properties of mycotoxins, as well as the sorbents themselves. The essential parameters that determine the efficiency of mycotoxin binding are the specific complementarity of the surface of the sorbent to a particular class of mycotoxins, the surface area of the sorbent available for binding with mycotoxins, and the structure of the macro-, meso- and microporous structure of the sorbent particles.

The first to use mineral sorbents in feeds, then organic sorbents.

For mineral sorbents, the sorption area is crucial, therefore, mineral sorbents must be crushed. Natural mineral sorbents are subsequently crushed in crushers, ball, planetary and vibratory mills to achieve effective sorption capacity.

Known mineral polyfunctional enterosorbent based on natural silicon-containing mineral raw materials, characterized in that as natural silicon-containing mineral raw materials it contains schungite-containing mineral raw materials with a silica content of 15.0-70.0 wt.%, And the average median particle size of the enterosorbent is 15, 0-10 ^-6 m (RF patent 2430731, published 10/10/2011).

There is a description of the sorbent based on silica-containing mineral raw materials containing sedimentary opal - cristobalite rock containing not more than 15 wt.% Clay minerals of the montmorillonite group and not more than 10 wt.% Minerals of the mica group (RU 2319488, 03.20.2008).

The above-mentioned mineral sorbents and other natural fossil aluminosilicates (zeolites and bentonites), like most mineral sorbents of preparations based on them, are effective only in large dosages: from 2 to 5 kg / t of feed. At the same time, the effectiveness of mineral adsorbents against fumonisins and zearalenone can vary from high to insignificant (SJ Bursian, RJ Aulerich, JK Cameron, NK Ames, BA Steficek. Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate in reducing the toxicity of dietary zearalenone to mink. J. Appl . Toxicol., 1992, 12, pp. 85-90). Against ochratoxin, efficacy is also negligible (WE Huff, LF Kubena, RB Harvey, TD Phillips. Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. Poult. Sci., 1992, 71, pp. 64- 69). With respect to the T-2 toxin, the effectiveness of mineral sorbents is only conditional (LF Kubena, RB Harvey, WE Huff, DE Corrier, TD Phillips, GE Rottinghaus. Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. Poult. Sci., 1990, 69, pp. 1078-1086), and against trichlorocenes such as vomitoxin and nivalenol, is close to zero (R. Patterson, LG Young. Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates, screening and dilution in reducing the effects of mold contaminated corn in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 1993, 73, pp. 615-624 // LF Kubena, RB Harvey, RH Bailey, SA Buckley, GE Rottinghaus. Effects of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate T -Bind ™ on mycotoxicosis in young broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 1998, 77, pp. 1502-1509).

In the practice of feeding in the Russian Federation, the domestic complex preparation Fungistat is widely used. From the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2420565 (published on 06/10/2011), a method for producing a biological product “Fungistat” for eliminating mycotoxins from food and feed raw materials is known, which involves mixing in a ratio of 5: 1 a sorbent selected from aluminosilicates and a sorbent selected from layered sorbents , combining the resulting mixture with riboxin, lecithin, L-carnitine, an organic acid selected from the group consisting of succinic acid and propionic acid, or a salt thereof, a mixture of oligofructose and inulin (30:70) and an enzymatic proteolytic a preparation based on the bacterial culture fluid of Bacillus subtilis Protosubtilin, and the components to be mixed are taken in the following amounts (g / kg of the preparation obtained):

Riboxinum - 15-20;

lecithin - 20-30;

L-carnitine - 15-20;

organic acid - succinic or propionic acid or their salts - 10-15;

a mixture of oligofructose and inulin 30:70 - 30-50;

enzymatic proteolytic drug Protosubtilin - 25-30.

A method of obtaining a biological product "Fungistat" is as follows. In the apparatus with a stirrer, a sorbent representing zeolite or bentonite and a sorbent representing vermiculite or montmorillonite are mixed. The mass ratio of the mixed sorbents is 5: 1, respectively. At this time, riboxin (30 g), L-carnitine (20 g), an organic acid salt - sodium succinate (15 g), oligofructose mixed with inulin (30:70) (50 g), Protosubtilin are mixed in another apparatus (30 g) and mix thoroughly. The resulting mixture was added to a mixture of sorbents (835 g). A preparation is obtained in which the indicated amounts of components correspond to 1 kg of the finished product. When developing the “Fungistat” preparation, the authors proceeded from the assumption that if the preparation contains, in addition to sorbents, substances that protect the liver hepatocytes, as well as stimulate metabolic reactions in hepatocytes and restore them, the effect of neutralizing toxins should be significantly higher. Moreover, the mechanism of action of these substances should be different. According to the authors, the components of the biological product “Fungistat” affect the utilization of mycotoxins in the body of an animal or human, maximize the safety of the consumption of contaminated raw materials, and neutralize the harmful effects of mycotoxins.

Sorbents of the second generation are produced from the biomass of yeast and bacteria, while the cell wall of microorganisms contained in it acts as an active component. Such sorbents do not damage the intestines and their sorption capacity is 2-2.5 times higher than that of the first generation mineral sorbents. Nevertheless, such high efficiency is manifested only in relation to some mycotoxins: hydrophobic mycotoxins second-generation sorbents practically do not deactivate (G. Schatzmayr, W.-D. Moll, U. Hofstetter, E. Vekiru, D. Schatzmayr, YH Cheng. Mycotoxin deactivating feed additives in animal nutrition. BOKU-Symposium Tiererhahrung, 02 Nov. 2006, Wien, pp. 47-53 // US Patent 6045834. Compositions and methods for removal of mycotoxins from animal feed. 2000 // MVLN Raju, G. Devegowda Influence of modified mannan oligo-saccharides on broilers exposed to individual and combined mycotoxicoses of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and T-2 toxin. Abstract No. 229, PSA'99 University of Arkansas, Springdale, August 8-11, 1999, p. 52 )

A typical representative of such sorbents can be considered the drug Mikosorb company Alltech, US patent 6045834 (US Patent 6,045,834. Compositions and methods for removal of mycotoxins from animal feed. 2000). The patent claims that the yeast cell wall and mineral clay, acting in synergy, provide optimal mycotoxin binding. The patent demonstrates through in vitro experiments that aflatoxin, zearalenone and fumonisin are well bound by a Mycosorb type sorbent from aqueous feed suspensions, but vomitoxin, ochratoxin and T-2 still remain in solution at 67-87% of the initial concentration.

It was found that the cell wall of yeast, due to the specific complementarity of the inner surface to a certain class of mycotoxins, sorb them more efficiently than intact yeast cells. A known method for producing a feed additive in which raw materials based on a plant, animal and / or microbial product and containing oligosaccharides and / or polysaccharides is processed in such a way that the cell wall structure is opened and the amount of free oligosaccharides and / or polysaccharides on the surface of the cell wall increases ( RF patent No. 2196437, date of publication of the application 10.06.2001). The feed includes this additive in an amount of 0.1-2 wt.%. The feed additive obtained by this method is effective in preventing stomach upsets and intestinal diseases, inhibiting the growth of harmful microbes. The introduction of such an additive in food allows you to stop using antibiotics, which has a positive effect on animal health.

RF patent No. 2406516 (published December 29, 2010) describes a method for producing a preparation for the prevention of digestive tract infections in farm animals and poultry, characterized in that it involves preliminary mixing of yeast biomass with an enzymatic complex having depolymerase activity with respect to β-glucan. The resulting mixture is subjected to mechanical activation in activators of the planetary, or vibrational, or vibrocentrifugal types, or roller mills, providing acceleration of grinding media of 60-400 m ² / s and residence time in the treatment zone of 0.5-10 minutes, after mechanical activation, the intermediate is subjected to tabletting and warming at the optimum temperature of the enzymatic complex.

It is known that the cell wall of plants can also be an effective enterosorbent. For example, pine nutshells can be used to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in young cattle. The essence of the invention consists in the use of pine nuts shells in the form of fine powder as a means of prophylactic therapy of gastrointestinal diseases of calves. The use of the drug provides a reduction in the incidence and increased safety of young cattle (RF patent No. 2222239, published on December 20, 2004).

Wood processing waste can be used as a feed additive. A known method of preparing feed, comprising introducing into the main diet a granular mixture of wood processing waste with a binder, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the feed, zero fiber containing less than 10% pre-dried to a moisture content of 12% by weight is used as wood processing waste. lignin, less than 5% of extractives, less than 12% of ash substances, less than 0.1-12 mg / kg of heavy metals, molasses, Ca-lignosulfonate and / or bentonite in the amount of 8.0-20.0% of mass core and and the resulting mixture is introduced into the basal diet in an amount of 10-25% (Patent RF №2027376, published 27.01.1995).

Known drug "Pectosorbin" for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of young farm animals (RF patent 2141329, published on 11/20/1999). A preparation containing pectin (40-90% of the dry weight of the preparation) and a lignin complex (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, monosaccharides - 10-60%) are obtained from the bark of coniferous and deciduous trees, citrus and other plant materials using acid hydrolysis (USSR AS No. 1165684, published 07/07/1985).

Lignin has been used as a feed additive for a long time. For example, USSR patent No. 1831295 (published on 08/30/93) suggested using feed grains from phyllophora, which additionally contains zinc, as components in a feed mineral supplement; manganese, copper, cobalt and feed lignin in a given ratio of components. The content of feed lignin in the additive was 44-56%, and in the composition of the finished feed 1-2%. The use of feed lignin is due to its high adsorption ability due to the developed specific surface (700-800 m ² / g), as a result of which it absorbs and retains pathogenic bacteria and toxins located in the digestive tract of animals and birds on its highly developed surface. In addition, according to the authors of the patent, fodder lignin is a good antioxidant and a “buffer” between incompatible macro- and micronutrients of feed additives, which increases their shelf life and improves their quality. The disadvantage of this invention is the lack of production of "feed lignin". Hydrolytic lignin, which is a large-scale waste of the hydrolysis industry, cannot be used as feed lignin because of its high toxicity, which is due to the content of the residual amount of inorganic acids and toxic decomposition products of sugars: furfural, methylfurfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and other low molecular weight products of acid hydrolysis of wood.

Treated with alkali, neutralized and washed hydrolysis lignin is widely used in medicine. A number of methods are known for producing a medical enterosorbent based on hydrolytic lignin (GL) (A.S. USSR No. 556811, 1977; A.S. USSR No. 803157, 1980; RF Patent No. 919186, 1981; RF Patent No. 1290583, 1985; RF Patent No. 2026078, 1991; RF Patent No. 2116080, 1997). The basis of all known methods for producing a medical enterosorbent from hydrolytic lignin is the treatment of the latter with an alkali solution followed by washing, neutralizing, grinding in the form of aqueous suspensions, dehydrating them to various water contents by filtration, centrifugation, and also possible drying to obtain an enterosorbent preparation in various dosage forms: in the form of a powder with a dry lignin particle content of from 20 to 100%, a water-based suspension with a content of 14-20% dry lignin particles, and in the form of an aqueous suspension with a solids content of from 8-10 to 13%. The resulting preparation in the form of various dosage forms is subjected to sterilization by one of the known methods: steam, thermal, radiation. Additional bactericidal properties of enterosorbents containing lignin can be given by treating intermediates with a solution of iodine (RF patent No. 2302866, published July 20, 2007) or silver (EAPO application No. 200900003, published October 30, 2009).

Medical lignin obtained by these methods has a low adsorption capacity. To implement these methods of producing medical lignin, large expenditures of heat and electric energy are required, as well as losses of the preparation associated with the stages of drying the semi-finished product and grinding the dry preparation provided for by the technology are characteristic.

RF patent No. 2026078 (published on January 9, 1995) describes a known method for producing a sorbent by treating hydrolytic lignin with alkali, washing with alkali, neutralizing and grinding a suspension containing 8-13% by weight of dry lignin particles, a suspension containing 8-13% by weight % of dry lignin particles are concentrated to a weight content of 14-20% of dry lignin particles and disintegrated to a particle size of lignin in it from 0.005 to 0.25 mm to obtain a homogeneous paste. The increased content of more ground particles of lignin increases the sorption ability and provides a higher therapeutic effect of the drug. The claimed range of grinding of lignin particles of 0.005-0.25 mm with additional disintegration of the suspension is due to the fact that with a lower degree of grinding of particles (less than 0.005 mm), sorbent particles are interspersed in the intestinal wall. This factor has been proven by studying electron microscopy of the small intestine and is regarded as unfavorable.

It is also known that attempts to obtain solid dosage forms of hydrolytic lignin were accompanied by a decrease in adsorption activity upon drying [Enterosorption. / Ed. ON. Belyakova. - L .: Center for sorption technologies, 1991, - 336 p.].

Despite the noted drawbacks, “hydrolytic lignin” in the form of a powder with a fractional composition, the mass fraction of particles with a size of less than 0.5 mm is at least 90%, 0.5-2 mm is not more than 5%, or “hydrolysis lignin” in the form of water suspensions are widely used in medical and veterinary practice under the name "Polyphepan" (RF patent 2297214, published on 04/20/2007).

It should be noted that in reality “Polyphepan” is an enterosorbent, which is a pH-neutral ground wood residue after its acid hydrolysis (hydrolysis lignin), purified from impurities and activated by alkaline treatment at elevated temperature, followed by washing from alkali and grinding. Polypefan contains 34-37% lignin, 60% hydrocellulose and 1-3% minerals in its composition. In the gastrointestinal tract, the drug absorbs, firmly retains and removes pathogenic microorganisms from the body (E. coli, Salmonella, Proteus, Staphylococcus, yeast microflora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), toxins secreted by them, as well as salts of heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, an excess of some products metabolism causing the development of endogenous toxicosis. The drug has a positive effect on intestinal motility and has an antioxidant effect. “Polyphepan” is veterinary, having a significant set of functional groups (methoxyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl) that determine the possibility of chemisorption and complexation, exhibits high sorption activity and nonspecific detoxification effect. Moreover, it does not have a large specific surface area (up to 15-20 m ² / g), as a result of chemical treatment during the production of medical lignin, the natural porosity of natural wood lignin decreases (Repnikova EA, Aleshina L.A., Glazkova S.V., Fofanov A.D. X-ray studies of hydrolysis lignins // New advances in chemistry and chemical technology of plant materials: materials of the II All-Russian Conference, April 21-22, 2005 Barnaul, 2005. Prince I. P.87- 90).

Medical lignin is the basis of complex enterosorbents in a composition with prebiotics (RF patent No. 2167669, published May 27, 2001), with other sorbents (RF patent No. 2234931, published August 27, 2004), with prebiotics and other sorbents (RF patent No. 2433751, published November 20, 2011 .2011).

For veterinary purposes, similar complex preparations based on Polyphepan are used, for example, lignin with prebiotics. The RF patent No. 2440121 (published on January 20, 2012) discloses a veterinary - pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and intoxications of various etiologies in animals, containing hydrolysis lignin and a prebiotic from the group of lactulose, fructooligosaccharides, galactosaccharides, inulin as active components, made in a form suitable for use as part of a mixture with animal feed, with a lignin content in an amount of from 30 to 95 wt.%, and a prebiotic from 5 to 50 wt.%.

In addition, there is a known method for producing a sorbent, which includes grinding the husk of the seeds, acid hydrolysis with the extraction of water-soluble ballast substances and the formation of a certain structure consisting of lignin, cellulose and melanin, where acid hydrolysis is carried out with 0.1-36% acid solution during 0.3-4.5 hours in boiling under pressure in the range of 0.1-0.7 MPa, washing with water and / or 0.1-1.0% alkaline solution and then softened water, followed by drying of the product (EA application 200900003 A1, published October 30, 2009). The sorbent is a porous multilevel matrix based on lignin, cellulose and melanin with an integrated porosity (0.04-50) microns. Sorbent can adsorb hazardous chemicals such as pesticides, mycotoxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, viruses, pathogenic bacteria and complex hydrocarbons. This effect is ensured not only by the presence of chemically active centers and biologically active ingredients on the surface, but also by the porous multilevel structure of the sorbent with a multimodal pore distribution (micro-, meso-, macro-), which makes it possible to sorb molecules of various sizes, geometry and chemical nature.

In feed production for the prevention of mycotoxicosis and gastrointestinal diseases, enterosorbents are used as feed additives. At the same time, for the economic justification of the preventive use of enterosorbents with a low level of feed contamination with toxic substances (including mycotoxins), along with one or more enterosorbents, nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, coenzymes, prebiotics, probiotics, hepatoprotectors, immunomodulators, emulsifiers, organic acidifiers and other biologically active substances that positively affect the productivity of farm animals and birds. This approach is justified, since most modern researchers believe that safe levels of mycotoxins in feed and food products do not exist.

The feed production also uses soft processing methods of natural plant materials in order to enhance its sorption properties and preserve biologically active substances in the feed additive.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2433738 (published on November 20, 2011) the invention is described intended for use in the production of feed for farm animals and poultry. As a cellulose-containing substrate, beet pulp or waste juice and wine production is used - squeezing, which is crushed to a particle size with a particle size not exceeding 15% on sieve residues, add the previously obtained Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast autolysate in an amount of 2.5-8 , 5 wt.% Per 1 ton of dry product and process water to a moisture content of 18-47%, pasteurization of the mixture at a temperature of 80 ° C for 2-2.5 hours, cooling to a temperature of 48-50 ° C, followed by enzymatic processing the substrate with cellulolytic farms for 2.5-4 hours at a temperature of 48-50 ° C, then dried to a moisture content of 8-12% at a temperature not exceeding 85 ° C, and 15-45 wt.% probiotic feed additives for farm animals are added to the resulting mixture KM. The latter was obtained by separate deep cultivation of strains of Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130, Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2984, Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-4099 and Bacillus licheniformis VKPM B-4162 and subsequent solid-phase cultivation of liquid cultures of Bacillus subtilis from beet pulp, beet pulp and wheat drying to a moisture content of 8-10%. Moreover, the liquid culture of Bacillus licheniformis VKPM B-4162 is directly mixed with beet pulp and dried. After that, the dried cultures are mixed and crushed to obtain a homogeneous product. The invention provides increased manifestations of activity during the deactivation of many mycotoxins, increases the productivity of animals and birds by increasing the digestibility of feed, increasing feed conversion by 10% and enhancing metabolic processes in the body, increasing the safety of the livestock.

A review of known methods and raw materials for obtaining an effective feed additive - the sorbent of mycotoxins allows us to make several general conclusions.

The disadvantages of the known methods are the limited sorption ability of the sorbents in relation to several classes of mycotoxins, the complexity and high cost of manufacture. An effective method for processing plant lignocellulosic raw materials has not been developed, which allows to realize in sufficient quantities the natural ability of plant cell walls to bind a wide class of mycotoxins due to the specific interaction of the latter with the polymers that make up the cell wall, as well as with the surface of microporous structures formed by these polymers under natural conditions plant development.

The closest technical solution is a premix production method, including grinding of plant materials, mechanochemical processing of a mixture of plant materials, abrasive material and natural sorbent in high-voltage activators of planetary, vibrational and vibrocentrifugal types, while mechanochemical processing is carried out by grinding a mixture of plant material, abrasive material and natural sorbent taken in the ratio of 40-85, 5-40, 10-20, respectively, with the acceleration of grinding media 60-400 m / s ² and times and processing of 0.5-10 minutes (RF patent 2366268, published September 10, 2009). The machining conditions are determined by the kinetics of grinding and the type of material being ground. When accelerating grinding bodies (balls) of less than 60 m / s ² , the introduction of particles of amorphous silicon oxide into the particles of plant materials is not ensured, which reduces the efficiency of dissolution of the contents of cells upon contact of the drug with aqueous media. When accelerating more than 400 m / s ² , the treated mixture heats up, which can lead to the destruction of biologically active substances. The use of processing less than 0.5 minutes does not provide the necessary grinding and practically does not lead to the formation of oligosaccharides, an increase in processing time in excess of 10 minutes can lead to mechanical destruction of the target components.

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption of grinding in mills of planetary, vibrational and vibrocentrifugal types, as well as the inability to achieve the task for some types of crushed raw materials, the non-optimal composition of the sorbent does not allow to achieve the stated sorption parameters of mycotoxins.

The technical task of the patented invention is to develop a method for producing an effective feed additive for the prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and intoxications of various etiologies in animals and birds.

The technical result, which provides a solution to the problem of the invention, is to obtain, as a result of the method, a complex supplement with a wide spectrum of action with increased efficiency of binding mycotoxins from feed, as well as stimulating the immune system and preventing disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and birds. At the same time, the combined use of micronized lignin, fodder yeast with a mineral sorbent as an agent for animal prophylaxis allows to obtain a result in the form of a complex of positive effects: minimizing side effects from the use of sorbent, restoring gastrointestinal tract homeostasis, normalizing metabolic rates, which ultimately leads to a qualitative increase in zootechnical and economic indicators of animal husbandry.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the implementation of the method of obtaining a feed additive for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and birds, which consists in mechanochemical processing of a mixture of components with subsequent microgranulation of the resulting mixture, according to the patented solution, as a mixture of components use a mixture of at least one mineral sorbent, hydrolysis of lignin and the cell wall of fodder yeast, while the mechanochemical treatment consists in grinding a mixture of components and their abotke in the presence of at least one complex enzyme preparation affecting the residual hydrolytic lignin polysaccharides and cell wall polysaccharides of yeast and then carried mikrogranulyatsiyu obtained ground mixture in a fluidized bed apparatus.

Grinding of the components can be carried out both as a mixture and of each component separately, followed by their mixing.

The feed mixture contains a sorbent in an amount of 5-30 wt.%, Hydrolysis lignin in an amount of 30-60% of the mass. and the cell wall of fodder yeast in an amount of 5-50% of the mass.

As a complex enzyme preparation, a dry enzyme preparation Xibeten based on the fungal strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum can be used.

It is desirable to perform grinding in rotor-vortex type mills with an integrated particle classifier at a temperature of 40-85 ° C, while the size of the crushed particles should be equal to 50-250 microns.

Microgranulation is carried out in a granulator dryer, a rotary granulator, a disk granulator or a granulator mixer with a high shear.

In the process of microgranulation, an additional chemical activation of hydrolysis lignin and the cell wall of fodder yeast is carried out using at least one complex enzyme preparation that acts on the residual polysaccharides of hydrolysis lignin and polysaccharides of the yeast cell wall, and Xibeten enzyme preparation is used as a complex enzyme preparation the basis of the fungal strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

As biologically active substances, which are microadditives to the diet of animals and birds, use lecithin in an amount of 10-40 g per 1 kg of a mixture of components, riboxin in an amount of 10-20 g per 1 kg of a mixture of components, L-carnitine in an amount of 10-20 g per 1 kg of a mixture of components, as well as acidifiers, inorganic or organic compounds of selenium.

At the stage of microgranulation, at least one binding agent can be added, which is used as sucrose and / or 5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose.

As a hydrolytic lignin, it is desirable to use hydrolytic lignin, deposited in dumps of 10-15 years with a moisture content of 5-25%, as a mineral sorbent - shungite, clinoptilite, vermiculite, zeolite and / or montmorillonite.

The essence of the invention in terms of a method for producing a feed additive for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and poultry consists in separate and / or joint grinding of lignin, zeolite and fodder yeast, mixing the crushed components with the addition of at least one binding agent and in the microgranulation of the resulting mixture in the apparatus fluidized bed to obtain a feed additive.

The resulting feed additive contains, as active components, micronized hydrolysis lignin, micronized feed yeast and a micronized mineral sorbent selected from the group of effective sorbents - aluminosilicates: schungite, clinoptilite, vermiculite or montmorillonite, made in microgranular form suitable for use in a mixture with premium compound feed, with a lignin content in an amount of from 30 to 60 wt.%, yeast from 5 to 50 wt.% and a mineral sorbent from 5 to 30 wt.%.

Feeding the animal feed additives and animals is carried out in a mixture with feed at a dose of 1 to 2 kg of the drug per 1 ton of feed, regardless of the content of mycotoxins in the feed.

The claimed feed additive is intended for sale with the trade name "Norditox".

As the tests showed, the composition of the obtained feed additive allows you to effectively sorb both polar and hydrophobic mycotoxins. At a dosage of 1-2 kg / ton of feed, the Norditox additive should absorb at least 50%:

- DON in a concentration of up to 5 mg / kg of feed;

- T-2 in a concentration of up to 5 mg / kg of feed;

- ochratoxin in a concentration of up to 1 mg / kg of feed;

- zearalenone in a concentration of up to 2 mg / kg feed;

- aflatoxins in a concentration of up to 0.2 mg / kg of feed;

- fumonisins in a concentration of up to 5 mg / kg feed.

The achievement of the claimed technical result is achieved due to the following distinctive features:

1. The use of a variety of aluminosilicate as a mineral component of the sorbent - montmorillonite (synonym - morenit). The structure of the mineral resembles a three-layer package: two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra facing each other with their vertices cover a layer of aluminum-hydroxyl octahedra on both sides. In this regard, the connection between the packets is weak, the interpacket distance is large and water ions and molecules can fall into it. Because of this, the mineral swells when wetted. The presence of isomorphic substitutions, a large specific surface area (up to 600-800 m ² / g) and ease of penetration of ions into the inter-packet space determine a significant cation exchange capacity (80-150 mmol · equiv / 100 g). The structure of microparticles and crystals of montmorillonite clays has the least traumatic effect on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

2. The non-specific sorption capacity of natural moraine, already quite high, can be increased due to various types of processing, which increase the distance between the microparticles of the mineral. It is proposed that micronization of morenite and its mechanochemical activation be carried out in rotor-vortex type mills.

3. As the second component of the sorbent and as a source of immunomodulators and other biologically active substances, dry fodder yeast is used, namely the cell wall of the yeast, which adsorbs mycotoxins better than the yeast biomass. The effectiveness of yeast glucans in fattening pigs is higher than the efficiency of a simple yeast cell wall. In turn, the efficiency of the yeast cell wall is higher than that of intact yeast cells.

4. It is proposed to use a simplified technology for processing dry biomass of yeast in order to obtain a dry mixture of biologically active fractions, which will be used as part of the developed feed additive.

The traditional process of separating the components of yeast biomass is expensive, because it includes the technological stages of extraction, centrifugation, concentration and drying. At each technological stage, there is a risk of microbial contamination, which complicates the technology and increases the cost of processes and apparatuses. A large amount of water and energy is consumed.

The simplification of the technology consists in the fact that in order to increase the sorption capacity of fodder yeast and the bioavailability of the biologically active components of yeast biomass, dry fodder yeast is micronized in a vortex mill-classifier, including in conjunction with a mineral sorbent and a complex enzyme preparation acting on the polysaccharides of the yeast cell wall. Moreover, the method of opening the cell wall of the yeast differs from the known methods (RF patent No. 2196437, publication date of the application on 10.06.2001 and RF patent No. 2406516, published December 29, 2010) in that the vortex mill-classifier is capable of accelerating self-grinding particles of raw materials 400-800 m ² / s without significant overheating due to the short processing time (less than a minute) and due to the design of the classifier mill, the grinding chamber of which is equipped with an external water jacket.

4. A distinctive feature of the developed feed additive will be the use in its composition as the third component of the sorbent of inexpensive hydrolysis lignin which was deposited in storage.

It is known that hydrolysis lignin (TU 64-11-05-87) is a waste of the hydrolysis industry: the production of glucose, industrial alcohol and acetone from wood as a result of its treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid (hydrolysis). Between 1930 and 1990 12 plants of this profile worked in the territory of Russia; currently, the only operating plant is in the Kirov region. Hydrolysis lignin was exported from industrial enterprises to special open areas for its storage (dumps). Currently, the volume of hydrolysis lignin in the composition of such dumps in the country is estimated at 70-90 million tons. The largest dumps are located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (15 million tons), the Irkutsk Region (20 million tons), the Sverdlovsk Region (15 million tons), and the Kirov Region (10 million tons). Part of the dumps belong to municipalities (hydrolysis lignin dump in the Kostroma region, Kansk dump), part to industrial enterprises (Kirov dump), the rest are ownerless.

Over a long period of storage on dumps, the natural destruction of impurities in the composition of hydrolysis lignin and its washing by atmospheric precipitation occurred, as a result of which its acidity and toxicity disappeared. At the same time, the natural ordered structure and porosity of protolignin were preserved, and the natural sorption properties of its surface were restored. During long-term storage, the lignin content in the depth of the dump increases by more than 10%, the lignin ash content increases from 0.5% to 10%, while the content of extractive substances decreases by 25%, and the content of residual polysaccharides decreases by 20 times (S.M. Krugov, I.V.Sumersky, A.V. Pranovich, Yu.N. Sazanov, M.Ya. Zarubin Study of lignin from dumps of the Arkhangelsk hydrolysis plant // Physicochemistry of Plant Polymers: Materials of the IV International Conference / Ed. RA of chemical sciences, professor K.G. Bogolitsyna. - Arkhangelsk, 2011. // p.181-185).

Thus, hydrolysis lignin, which was deposited for 10-15 years in dumps, underwent a natural slow transformation, possibly even slow solid-phase fermentation with the participation of a limited number of microorganisms capable of using residual cellulose and extractive ligno humic substances as nutrients under initially unfavorable conditions for intensive microbial growth biomass.

The deposited hydrolysis lignin is a sawdust-like mass with a moisture content of 65-70%, prone to spontaneous combustion in dumps. Hydrolysis lignin, which has been deposited in dumps for at least 10-15 years, sorbed non-polar mycotoxins well. Before micronizing, lignin is dried to a moisture content of 5-25%, for example, on an AS-4 dryer, manufactured by SPiKo (Pskov).

5. The micronization of fibrous particles of hydrolytic lignin in a vortex mill-classifier improves the efficiency of sorption of mycotoxins, including grinding together with a mineral sorbent and / or dry fodder yeast and / or a complex enzyme preparation acting on residual hydrolysis lignin polysaccharides yeast walls. In this case, the macroporous structure of lignin is destroyed, which is practically not involved in the sorption process, and the structure of meso- and micropores is preserved. The active surface of mesopores and micropores becomes more accessible for toxin molecules; the rate of toxin transport from the surface of mesopores to the volume of micropores increases. In laboratory experiments, the binding of toxins by micronized lignin increased to 30% relative to the dried fibrous hydrolytic lignin.

The microgrinding process is carried out at an optimum temperature of hydrolytic enzymes of 40-55 ° C, not allowing the grinding temperature to rise above 85 ° C at which there is a change in porosity and a decrease in the sorption ability of lignin due to “collapse” of mesopores. The melting point of lignin is about 90 ° C.

6. In order to improve consumer properties, ease of storage and transportation, reduce fire and explosion hazard, improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions of production and use, and also to eliminate the increase in the content of the dust fraction in the feed, the micronized feed additive is microgranulated. Micro granulation is carried out at a product temperature of not higher than 60 ° C using pseudo-boiling layer granulator dryers, rotary granulators, disk granulators, and high shear granulator mixers.

7. In order to improve the effectiveness of the use of the feed additive, it is proposed to introduce known biologically active substances into the composition at the microgranulation stage, which are, as a rule, microadditives to the diet of farm animals and birds. For the prevention of mycotoxicosis, lecithin in the amount of 10-40 g per kg of the additive, riboxin and L-carnitine 10-20 g per kg of the additive are introduced into the composition of the feed additive as hepatoprotectors. In accordance with the calculated standards for 1 kg of finished feed and the recommended dose of the feed additive for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections, acidifiers (organic acids and / or their salts) are administered, and inorganic or organic selenium compounds are used as an immunomodulator.

The data given in Examples 1-3 characterize, but do not exhaust the possibilities of the proposed method and the developed feed additives "Norditox".

Example 1.

The rotational speed of the rotor of the vortex mill is set to 4000-5000 rpm, after which, using a screw conveyor, air-dry hydrolysis lignin is fed from the dump of the Kirov Biochemical Plant into the grinding chamber of the rotary vortex mill with an integrated particle classifier. The temperature inside the grinding chamber is 50 ° C. After micronizing, particles with a dimension of 50-250 microns enter the mixing stage of the components.

The rotational speed of the rotor of the vortex mill is set equal to 4000-7000 rpm, after which the feed yeast biomass (humidity not more than 10%) is fed into the grinding chamber of the rotary vortex mill with an integrated particle classifier using a screw conveyor. In the process of grinding, the destruction of the cell wall of the yeast due to mechanical stress. The temperature inside the grinding chamber is 50-65 ° C. After grinding, particles with a size of 50-250 microns enter the stage of mixing the components.

The rotational speed of the rotor of the vortex mill is set equal to 4000-6500 rpm, after which, using a screw conveyor, zeolite is fed from the deposit in the vicinity of the city of Gubkin, Belgorod region (humidity not more than 10%) into the grinding chamber of the rotary vortex mill with an integrated particle classifier. In the process of micronization, mechanochemical activation of natural aluminosilicate occurs. The temperature inside the grinding chamber is 70-80 C. After grinding, particles with a dimension of 50-250 microns enter the mixing stage of the components.

Micronized components with a particle size of 50-250 microns and sucrose as a binding agent are loaded into a fluidized bed dryer in the following ratio:

micronized hydrolysis lignin 400 g micronized fodder yeast 300 g mechanically activated zeolite 100 g sucrose 150 g

As an additional coupling agent supplied through the nozzle, a 5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose is used.

The granulation-drying process was carried out on a pilot plant assembled on the basis of the Ventilus 2.5 stand of Innojet firm (Germany) under the following conditions:

air consumption 20 m ³ / kg / hour air temperature 60 ° C binder feed rate (5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution) 3 g / min

After the granulation-drying process is completed, the granule size is 200-800 microns, the residual moisture content of dry granules is not more than 6%.

Compared with analogs, the in vitro version of the feed additive obtained in this way has an increased sorption ability with respect to mycotoxins (table 1).

Table 1. Comparative sorption of mycotoxins Mycotoxin Feed supplement Fungistat Mycosorb Ochratoxin A (OTA) 61% 59% 43% T-2 Toxin 57% 21% 2% Disoxynivalenol 63% 13% 10% Zearalenone 73% 25% 41% Aflatoxin 78% 61% 56% Fumonisin 63% 45% 43%

Example 2

To confirm the effectiveness of the application of the developed Norditox feed additive, in vivo tests were carried out on broilers using compound feeds balanced in terms of nutrition in accordance with the recommendations of GNU VNITIP RAAS and contaminated with mycotoxins.

The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm VNITIP on broilers cross Cobb Avian 48 from daily to 36 days of age according to the scheme shown in table 2.

Table 2. Broiler experience chart Group Feeding Characteristics 1 period 2 period 1. Positive control (PC) Complete feed, balanced in nutrition without additives sorbents (PC) Complete feed, balanced in nutrition without additives sorbents (PC) 2. Negative OTA control PC with OTA (in the finished feed, 40 parts of the feed accounts for 1 part of the pollutant) PC with OTA (in the finished feed, 1 part of the pollutant falls on 20 parts of the feed) 3. PC + Norditox-1 kg PC + Norditox (1 kg / t feed) PC + Norditox (1 kg / t feed) 4. PC + Norditox-2 kg PC + Norditox (2 kg / t feed) PC + Norditox (2 kg / t feed) 5. OTA + Norditox-1 kg PC with OTA + Norditox (1 kg / t feed) PC with OTA + Norditox (1 kg / t feed) 6. OTA + Norditox-2 kg PC with OTA + Norditox (2 kg / t feed) PC with OTA + Norditox (2 kg / t feed) 7. OTA + Fungistat PC with OTA + Fungistat (2 kg / t of feed) PC with OTA + Fungistat (2 kg / t of feed) 8. OTA + Mikosorb PC with OTA + Mikosorb (2 kg / t feed) PC with OTA + Mikosorb (2 kg / t feed)

The results of the analysis of feed for broilers for the presence of mycotoxins are presented in table 3.

Table 3. Analysis of feed for the presence of mycotoxins Mycotoxins OTA pollutant Compound feed one 2 3 1 period 2 period PC PC + OTA PC PC + OTA Aflatoxin B ₁ traces traces traces traces traces 0.02 0.0064 Ochratoxin A 0.425 0.132 0.016 0,063 0.006 0.0036 0,069 T ₂ Toxin 0,032 0,035 0,028 0.059 0,067 0,046 0,032 Zearalenone not upd. 0.188 0,042 0.011 0.007 traces not upd. Don 0.36 28.87 2.48 0.38 0.31 0.49 0.43 Fumonisin not upd. not upd. not upd. 0.93 1.18 0.38 0.33

The table shows that the feed from the negative control group in the first growing period contained more than T ₂ toxin and fumonisin. The difference with control for these mycotoxins was 13.55 and 26.88%. Compound feed of the negative control of the second growing period contained almost 2 times more ochratoxin, and its concentration was almost 7 times higher than the MPC (0.01 mg / kg).

In the experiment on broilers, the main zootechnical indicators were taken into account: live weight twice per experiment by individually weighing the entire livestock, the safety of the livestock, feed consumption and cost per 1 head and 1 kg of growth. In the balance experiments, the digestibility and use of feed nutrients were determined. When slaughtering a bird, the absolute and relative masses of the liver, kidneys, and spleen were determined. The content of vitamins A, E, and B _{2 was} determined in the liver.

Example 3

To confirm the effectiveness of the application of the developed Norditox feed additive, in vivo tests were carried out on weaned pigs using compound feeds balanced in terms of nutrition in accordance with the recommendations of the GNU VNIIZH RAAS and contaminated with mycotoxins in acceptable quantities.

The results of the testing center of GNU VNIVIPFiT for checking the contamination of feed ingredients used in OAO Satinsky in the Sampur district of the Tambov region are shown in table 4.

Table 4. The content of mycotoxins in feed ingredients, mg / kg Components Toxins Aflatoxin Ochratoxin T-2 Toxin Zearalenone Don Barley 0,0 0.0 0,055 0,0 0,025 Wheat 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,039 Herbal flour 0,0005 0,0 0.005 0.1 0,055 Peas 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.005 0,039 Barley without film 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.005 0,037 Sunflower meal 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.02

The main components of the feed met the requirements of GOST R 51530 "Compound feed and concentrates for pigs", but at the same time had low toxicity.

Scientific and economic experience was carried out on pigs from 2 to 4 months of age in the pig-breeding complex of JSC "Satinsky" in the Sampursky district of the Tambov region according to the scheme shown in table 5.

Table 5. Experiment chart on weaned pigs Groups Number of animals Feeding conditions I - control thirty PC* II - experienced thirty PC + Norditox (0.8 kg / t of feed) * - PC (complete feed) in the control group as a means of preventing mycotoxicosis when using slightly toxic feed contained well-known feed additives Mikosorb and Biomos (Alltech, USA).

Table 6 shows data on the composition and nutritional value of feed for two equivalent groups of 25 heads of piglets after weaning.

Table 6. Composition and nutritional value of feed for weaned piglets,% Ingredients Complete feed base experienced Barley 46.90 47.02 Wheat fifteen fifteen Peas 10 10 Corn 10 10 Sunflower meal 5 5 Alfalfa grass meal 2 2 Lysine Monochloride 98% 0.40 0.40 DL-meteonin 98.5% 0.20 0.20 Common salt 0.35 0.35 Lysofort 0.05 0.05 Premix Panto F-10 10 10 Biomos 0.10 - Mycosorb 0.10 - Norditox - 0.08 1 kg contains: Metabolic energy, MJ 12.68 12.69 Crude protein, g 172 172 Crude fiber, g 47 47 Lysine, g 13.9 13.9 Methionine + cystine, g 7.9 7.9 Salt, g 3,5 3,5 Calcium, g 9.0 9.0 Phosphorus, g 6.5 6.5 Iron mg 205 205 Copper mg 155 155 Zinc mg 178 178 Manganese, mg 81 81 Cobalt, mg 0.17 0.17 Iodine, mg 0.16 0.16 Vitamin F, thousand ME 16 16 Vitamin D, thousand ME 2 2 Vitamin U, mg 115 115 Vitamin B ₁ mg 5.8 5.8 Vitamin B ₂ mg 7.4 7.4 Vitamin B ₃ mg 18.8 18.8 Vitamin B ₄ g 1,64 1,64 Vitamin B ₅ mg 84.6 84.6 Vitamin B ₁₂ , mcg thirty thirty

The conditions of the piglets in the groups were identical.

Feeding of the experimental livestock was carried out with dry feed twice a day according to the daily routine at the complex. Watering animals was plenty of nipple drinkers.

In the course of the experiment, we monitored the pigs and took into account the general clinical condition, appetite, and weight gain. At the end of the experiment, at 120 days of age, the animals were weighed and blood was taken from the tail before feeding to determine biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, an examination was carried out on the microbial landscape of feces. We determined the productive, zootechnical and economic efficiency of using the Norditox sorbent.

Research results

The main zootechnical indicators of broilers are presented in table 7, the main zootechnical indicators of piglets are shown in table 8.

Feeding poultry and farm animals with experimental compound feeds in combination with the studied additives showed that, against the background of broiler chickens of the first control group and when pigs were raised, all preparations gave a certain positive effect.

Table 7. The main zootechnical indicators of broiler growing Indicators 1 group 2 group 3 group 4 group 5 group 6 group 7 group 8 group Live weight, g: The control OTA Norditox 1 kg Norditox 2 kg OTA + Norditox 1 kg OTA + Norditox 2 kg Fungistat Mycosorb in 20 days 770.86 ± 11.13 771.1 ± 16.01 802.7 ± 12.65 799.3 ± 10.52 795.5 ± 12.34 787.8 ± 11.96 802.3 ± 10.56 808.8 ± 11.62 in 36 days: hens 1950.8 ± 25.41 1975.2 ± 20.17 1954.3 ± 15.91 2041.0 ± 22.08 2016.0 ± 17.49 2027.0 ± 21.13 2032.8 ± 23.64 2020.7 ± 21.86 cockerels 2292.0 ± 25.21 2384.2 ± 61.74 2389.5 ± 39.97 2276.3 ± 12.28 2402.5 ± 55.45 2375.8 ± 35.66 2332.4 ± 28.42 2372.6 ± 28.64 Arithmetic mean 2121.4 2179.7 2171.9 2158.6 2209.3 2201.4 2182.6 2196.7 The average daily gain in live weight, g 59.3 61.0 60.8 60,4 61.8 61.6 61.1 61.5 Feed costs for: 1 head / day, g 93.44 94.11 94.20 94.34 94.01 94.33 94.11 94.06 1 kg gain, kg 1,63 1,60 1,60 1,62 1,57 1,59 1,60 1,58 Preservation,% 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Sex ratio hens fifteen 25 29th 22 29th 23 21 17 cockerels twenty 10 6 13 6 12 fourteen eighteen

Table 8. Pig productivity Indicators Group control (n = 25) experienced (n = 25) Live weight of piglets, kg: when putting on experience 17.73 ± 0.18 17.65 ± 0.15 when withdrawing from experience 42.88 ± 0.23 43.66 ± 0.27 * Weight gain, kg 25.15 ± 0.26 26.01 ± 0.27 * ± to the control group, kg x +0.86 The average daily gain in live weight, g 419 ± 4 434 ± 5 * In% to the control group 96.5 100.0 Combined feed consumed per 1 kg of live weight gain, kg 4.17 3.65 In% to the control group 114.3 100.0 The safety of piglets,% 100.00 100.00 * P <0.05

The use of Norditox in the amount of 1 kg / t of feed at the end of the cultivation provided an increase in live weight of broiler chickens compared with the first group by 2.38-4.14%.

The use of Norditox in a dose of 2 kg / t of feed in mixed feed for broilers of the fourth and sixth groups contributed to an increase in live weight of chickens by 1.75-3.77%. Moreover, a higher result in live weight of broilers was obtained when using the drug Norditox in a dose of 1 kg / t of feed.

Fungistat and Mikosorb provided an increase in live weight of broilers by 2.88 and 3.55%. Improvement in live weight of broiler chickens was obtained at lower feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain.

The difference in the cost of feed for growth compared with the first control group was 0.6-3.7%.

The best result in terms of a set of zootechnical indicators was obtained in the fifth group receiving contaminated feed in combination with Norditox in the amount of 1 kg / t of feed. The difference in live weight and the cost of feed for growth in this group compared to the control amounted to 4.14% and 3.7%, respectively, which also exceeded the figures for other experimental groups.

When slaughtering a bird, the absolute and relative mass of internal organs was determined (Table 9).

Table 9. Average absolute and relative mass of internal organs Indicator 1 group 2 group 3 group 4 group 5 group 6 group 7 group 8 group Live weight, g 2438.33 2540.00 2445,00 2318.33 2353.33 2435.00 2413.6 7 2386.00 Liver, g 54.67 59.33 82.67 69.33 77.33 70.67 69.67 58.00 % 2.24 2,34 3.38 2.99 3.29 2.90 2.89 2.43 Spleen, g 3.67 4.00 2,33 3.00 2.67 3.00 2,33 3.00 % 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.13 Kidneys, g 15.00 17.33 18.00 17.33 16.33 18.00 15.00 17.67 % 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.75 0.69 0.74 0.62 0.74

An analysis of the data in Table 9 indicates that in the birds of the experimental groups there was a tendency to increase the relative mass of the liver and kidneys with a slight decrease in the relative mass of the spleen.

Data on the content of vitamins in the liver are presented in table 10.

Table 10. Vitamin content in the liver Vitamins, mcg / g Groups one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 A 318.56 297.07 238.92 186.69 217.38 211.11 198.60 228.46 E 10.94 13.05 13.38 10.89 15.27 16.36 12.08 14.64 B ₂ 13.41 13.60 11.69 11.41 12.12 12.90 11.94 12.82

Analysis of the data in table 10 indicates that the content of vitamins A, E and B ₂ in the liver of broilers was normal. However, all the supplements studied contributed to a certain decrease in the vitamin A content in the liver of broilers of the experimental groups as compared with the control. The difference was 25.0-43.0%.

The use of feed additives Norditox, Fungistat and Mikosorb did not adversely affect the deposition of vitamins E and B ₂ .

The use of Norditox preparations in the amount of 1 and 2 kg / t of mixed feed contaminated with mycotoxins provided an increase in the live weight of broilers while reducing feed costs for growth. Both drugs were not inferior in effectiveness to Fungistat and Mikosorb. The best results were obtained when using the drug Norditox in the amount of 1 kg / t of feed.

For farm animals, the use of the Norditox preparation in feeds with low mycotoxin contamination in the amount of 0.8 kg / t of feed at the end of cultivation provided an increase in live weight of piglets compared to the first group by 3.42%.

Feeding the drug Norditox at a dose of 0.8 kg / t of feed for 2 months did not adversely affect the body of experimental animals.

In the first days of life, piglets of all groups did not eat the specified feeds completely. Subsequently, the young appetite increased, and the consumption of animal feed was complete.

In absolute terms, the average daily gain in live weight in piglets in the control group amounted to 419 g, and in the experimental group - 435 g.

When feeding the drug Norditox per 1 kg of gain in live weight, 3.65 kg of compound feed was spent versus 4.17 kg of feed with the Mikosorb sorbent, that is, the cost of compound feed for production decreased by 14.3%.

When feeding feed additives, no digestive disorders and cases of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were noted.

All experimental animals were in good physiological condition; no toxic effects and adverse reactions from feeding various drugs were noted.

To assess the physiological state of animals and the direction of metabolic processes in the body of piglets studied the biochemical status of blood (table 11).

Table 11. Biochemical blood counts of piglets (n = 3) Indicators Group control experienced Total protein,% 7.10 ± 0.23 8.10 ± 0.03 ^* Albumin,% 39.71 ± 1.85 38.32 ± 1.73 Globulins: α 15.10 ± 0.86 15.77 ± 1.55            β 15.02 ± 0.80 15.48 ± 0.86            γ 30.17 ± 3.43 30.76 ± 2.68 Total calcium, mg% 11.27 ± 0.37 11.33 ± 0.59 Phosphorus, mg% 6.56 ± 0.18 6.68 ± 0.30 ^* P <0.05

It was found that in experimental animals treated with Norditox, protein metabolism was more intense, contributing to weight gain, as indicated by a higher total protein content in blood serum - 8.1% versus 7.1% (P <0.05).

The use of the Norditox preparation in compound feeds for piglets had a favorable effect not only on protein, but also on mineral metabolism - calcium and organic phosphorus in the body of animals that promote health, which is consistent with the data on productivity and their physiological state (table 11).

Blood counts of piglets of all experimental groups were within the physiological norm.

During the experimental period, the animals were monitored daily for clinical observation, taking into account the general condition, average daily weight gain, diseases and terms of recovery, and the condition of the skin.

Throughout the entire experimental period, animals treated with the sorbent Norditox were in good physiological condition. No signs of toxic effects and adverse reactions from the use of sorbents were observed.

At the end of the experiment, feces were taken from the rectum of the piglets to study the microbial landscape (Table 12).

Table 12. Microflora of feces in piglets at 120 days of age, CFU / g Type of microorganisms Group control (n = 3) experienced (n = 3) Lactobacilli 10 ⁷ 10 ⁷ 10 ⁷ 10 ⁸ 10 ⁸ 10 ⁸ Bifidobacteria 10 ⁸ 10 ⁸ 10 ⁸ 10 ⁹ 10 ⁹ 10 ⁹ Escherichia coli (E. Coli - typical) 10 ⁴ 10 ⁴ 10 ⁴ 10 ⁴ 10 ⁴ 10 ⁴ Enterococci traces traces traces traces traces traces Clostridia traces traces traces traces traces traces Staphylococci traces traces traces traces traces traces Salmonella traces traces traces traces traces traces Other <10 ³ <10 ³ <10 ³ <10 ³ <10 ³ <10 ³

From table 12 it is seen that in the studied samples of feces of piglets in both experimental groups, enterococci and other opportunistic bacteria were not found. The number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in piglets of the experimental group was an order of magnitude higher.

When feeding the experimental piglets Norditox and Mikosorb sorbents, an increased content of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria was observed, which not only inhibits the reproduction of pathogenic Escherichia and salmonella (E. Coli - 10 ⁴ ), but also eliminates the hemolytic forms of these bacteria from the animal organism, which contributes to the formation of more sustainable intestinal microbiocenosis.

When studying feces, they paid attention to their physical properties - color, smell, texture, as well as the presence of gas bubbles, mucus, blood, pus, etc. Visual inspection did not give any features and deviations from the norm in all groups.

Claims (15)

1. A method of obtaining a feed additive for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and birds, which consists in mechanochemical processing of raw materials with subsequent microgranulation of the resulting mixture, characterized in that the components use a mixture of at least one mineral sorbent, hydrolysis lignin and cell wall of the feed yeast, while the mechanochemical treatment consists in grinding the individual components in rotor-vortex type mills with an integrated classifier of particles or a mixture of nents and their treatment in the presence of at least one complex enzyme preparation affecting the residual hydrolytic lignin polysaccharides and cell wall polysaccharides of yeast and then carried microgranulation obtained ground mixture. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microgranulation is carried out in a dryer-granulator of a pseudo-boiling layer, a rotary granulator, a disk granulator or a granulator-mixer with a high shear. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the complex enzyme preparation, a dry enzyme preparation Xibeten based on the fungal strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum is used. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding is carried out at a temperature of 40-85 ° C. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding of the components is carried out to a particle size of 50-250 microns. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microgranulation is carried out at a temperature of the mixture of components not higher than 60 ° C to the size of the microspheres 200-800 microns and a residual moisture content of not more than 6%. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that during the microgranulation process an additional chemical activation of hydrolytic lignin and the cell wall of fodder yeast is carried out using at least one complex enzyme preparation that acts on the residual polysaccharides of hydrolytic lignin and polysaccharides of the yeast cell wall. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that as the complex enzyme preparation, a dry enzyme preparation Xibeten based on the fungal strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum is used. 9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that in the process of micro-granulation, biologically active substances that are microadditives to the diet of animals and birds are introduced into the mixture of components. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that as biologically active substances that are microadditives to the diet of animals and birds, use lecithin in an amount of 10-40 g per 1 kg of a mixture of components, riboxin in an amount of 10-20 g per 1 kg mixtures of components, L-carnitine in an amount of 10-20 g per 1 kg of a mixture of components, as well as acidifiers, inorganic or organic compounds of selenium. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the stage of microgranulation additionally enter at least one binding agent. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that sucrose and / or a 5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose are used as a binding agent. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrolysis lignin is used as lignin, deposited in dumps of 10-15 years with a moisture content of 5-25%. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that shungite, clinoptilite, vermiculite, zeolite and / or montmorillonite are used as a mineral sorbent. 15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the components of the raw material are taken in the following ratio: sorbent - 5-30 wt.%, Hydrolysis lignin - 30-60 wt.%, The cell wall of fodder yeast - 5-50 wt.%.