RU2300204C1 - Method for preventing and treating mycotoxicoses in swine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary mycotoxicology.

SUBSTANCE: it is necessary to supplement the swine's' diet with a sorbent - the waste of the process of demetallization and lightening of wine materials that contains iron (III) ferrocyanides and other transition metals and bentonite. The sorbent should be added into diets daily at the quantity of 1% against the dry matter or as a 25%-constituent to the premix. The innovation enables to neutralize the action of mycotoxins, improves total state, decreases the lethality and increases body weight gains at fattening.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of prophylaxis and therapy.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary toxicology, specifically to the prevention and treatment of pig mycotoxicoses of various ages when using feed contaminated with mycotoxins.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of pig mycotoxicoses by introducing activated charcoal in the amount of 3-10 g into the feed infected with mycotoxins, adding vomit substances to the drinking water with decoctions of oak bark or other binders containing tannins. To prevent the absorption of mycotoxins from the intestine into the blood through the mucous membranes, decoctions of flaxseed, gum arabic in doses of 2-3 g, starch in the form of 1-2% paste inside and in the form of warm enemas are prescribed as an adsorbent of mycotoxins and as an enveloping anti-inflammatory agent. Use decoctions of oats, different jelly, etc. Then the treatment is carried out according to the following scheme: abundant bloodletting (in case of poisoning with trichotocenes) followed by intravenous infusion of 40% glucose solution at the rate of 10-15 g per 1 kg of body weight, intravenous administration of 3-6 g of 10% calcium chloride solution. Natural adsorbents (bentonites, zeolites, sepoilites, vermiculites, kaolin) are used orally. For example, 5-10 g of white clay (kaolin) in the form of a suspension in a three-fold volume of water, which is preheated for 1.5 hours at a temperature of 160 ° C, is cooled to an animal body temperature before use (Stepushin A.E., 1998, Tremasov M.Ya., 2002, 2005, D. Davtyan, 2005, Romanov G.A., 2005, Lukashov V.I., Romanov G.A., 2005)

The disadvantages of these methods for the prevention and treatment of pig mycotoxicosis is the complexity of the use of drugs that are diverse in their pharmacological properties.

Closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved effect is a method for the prevention and treatment of mycotoxicosis by feeding an imported mycotoxin sorbent-mycotoxin sorbent - mycosorb preparation (prototype, http://www.miservice.bv/cataloq/food/mikosorb/). This preparation is esterified glucomannans, extracted by a special method from the inner shells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains. When the preparation is added in the form of a powder in the amount of 1 kg per ton of feed, it adsorbs mycotoxins and other toxic metabolic products, and prevents their absorption through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract into the animal’s blood. This ensures a reduction in the incidence of animals with mycotoxins and a stable profitability of the economy even in the presence of feed affected by toxic strains of fungi (www alltech.corn.russia).

The disadvantages of this method is the drug used in its implementation, is an expensive imported product.

The aim of the invention is to develop a more economical method for the prevention and treatment of pig mycotoxicoses by feeding a cheap, affordable and effective sorbent.

This goal is achieved by introducing a ferrocyanide-bentonite sorbent (PBS) into the diet of pigs for fattening, which is a waste of the demetallization and clarification of wine materials containing iron (III) ferrocyanides and other transition metals. At the same time, FBS is added to feed during the feeding period daily in an amount of 1% of the diet based on the dry matter of the feed or as part of a 25% additive to the premix.

The essence of the invention: for the prevention and treatment of pig mycotoxicoses from farms in which there is no full guarantee of feeding animals free of mycotoxin feeds or when forced to use in feed diets with reduced quality, a sorbent is added to the feed daily for a period of 1 to 2 months from waste wine in the amount of 1% of the diet or as part of a 25% additive to the premix.

Ferrocyanide-bentonite sorbent in the form of a precipitate is formed in large quantities during the processing of wine materials. During demetallization (removal of excess ions of iron and other metals) and clarification of wine, according to the existing technology, a solution of yellow blood salt, gelatin and natural bentonite are added to it, while the iron (III) ferrocyanides and other metals formed in the solution are captured by bentonite particles and precipitate in form of sediment. After sedimentation, the precipitates are dried, ground in a ball mill and used as a feed additive. The presence of small amounts of organic acids (tartaric, malic, etc.), residues of fruits and berries, gelatin, microelements in the FBS composition increases the nutritional value of feeds and contributes to their better digestibility.

Example 1. In April-May, piglets of 8-10 days of age weighing up to 7 kg on the day after the start of feeding with wheat and barley dermat appeared to have symptoms of diarrhea, decreased feed intake, mortality. An autopsy revealed hemorrhagic inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. When examining the fodder, an odor unusual to it was noted, during the veterinary-sanitary examination, the mushroom Mucor posillus was isolated. In order to prevent death, a group of piglets (150 animals, experimental) was daily given a sorbent from winemaking waste in an amount of 1% of the diet. Another group of piglets (50 goals, control) did not receive a sorbent.

Studies have found that 15 hours after the introduction of the sorbent into the diet, the condition of most experimental animals improved, liquid excrement changed to thicker, the symptoms of diarrhea eased. Over the next 10-20 days, experimental piglets treated with the sorbent showed no signs of mycotoxin poisoning, and mortality decreased. Over 20 days, out of 150 experimental pigs, 8 (5.3%) fell, and out of 50 control animals, 19 (38%).

The given example shows that the sorbent from winemaking waste, when introduced daily into the diet (1% of the dry matter of the feed), has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect in case of poisoning of animals with Misog posillus fungus toxins and reduces animal mortality.

Example 2. In October-November, piglets of 1.5-4 months of age, weighing from 12 to 40 kg, showed signs of acute digestive upset, decreased feed intake, mortality. At autopsy, hemorrhagic inflammation of the stomach and intestines, and liver damage were noted. Microscopic examination of grain fodder revealed Aspergillus flavus.

One group of piglets (170 goals, experimental) in the diet of concentrates daily for 1 month was added a sorbent from winemaking waste (1% of the diet). The control was 30 piglets from the same farm who did not receive the sorbent.

It was found that 12 hours after the introduction of the sorbent into the diet, the general condition of the experimental piglets improved, the signs of diarrhea began to disappear. In the following days, in piglets treated with sorbent in the composition of the feed affected by fungi, the manifestations of mycotoxin poisoning sharply decreased. Of 170 piglets in the experimental group, 4 heads (2.3%) fell, while in the control, out of 30 animals, 12 (56%) died.

The above example shows that the sorbent from winemaking waste, when added daily to the diet (1% of the dry matter of the feed) prevents the poisoning of pigs with feed contaminated with Aspergillus flavus.

Example 3. In April-June, the symptoms of diarrhea were observed in 4-month-old piglets during fattening, the average daily gain did not exceed 300 g. In animals, symptoms of digestive upset were often noted, which was associated with the presence of mycotoxins in the feed. To improve the condition of the livestock, the premix P-51-1 with a mineral filler was introduced into the diet of animals. At the same time, 20 animals (experimental group) received a premix, which included a sorbent from winemaking waste (25% of the premix dry matter), and 20 piglets (control) received only one premix.

Studies have found that for one month in experimental animals that received the sorbent as part of the premix, there were no signs of digestive upset, the animals actively ate feed. The average daily weight gain was 650 g. In the control group, diarrhea symptoms were noted in 11 animals during the month. The average daily gain of piglets in the control group was 490 g.

The above example shows that the sorbent from winemaking waste, added to the premix in an amount of 25%, has sorption properties with respect to toxic products contained in poor-quality feed, and leads to an increase in weight gain.

The technical and economic advantages of the proposed method consist in cheaper methods for growing piglets of different ages under conditions of contamination of grain forage with mycotoxins of known and unknown nature, neutralizing the effects of mycotoxins, treating and preventing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, improving the general condition, reducing mortality and increasing weight gain during fattening.

Bibliographic data

1. Stepushin AE, Prevention of mycotoxicosis. M., Kolos, 1998, 103 pp.

2. Tremasov M.Ya. Prevention of animal mycotoxicosis in Russia. Veterinary Medicine 2002, No. 9, C.3-8.

3. Tremasov M.Ya. Prevention of animal mycotoxicosis in the Republic of Mari El. Veterinary Medicine, 2005, No. 1, S.8-10.

4. Mikosorb. Organic adsorbent. [Electronic resource] Access mode: www alltech.corn.russia.

5. Davtyan D. Mycotoxins: economic losses and ways to exclude them, 2005. Access mode: http://kormozagotovka.ru/pricelist.html.

6. Romanov G.A., Pavlenko Yu.V. Zeolites - what is it? Prospects for their use in feeding. 2005, e-mail: info@minpro.ru.

7. Lukashov V.I., Romanov G.A. The development of the industrial minerals industry is a priority in the Russian economy. 2005. e-mail: info@minpro.ru.

8.http: //www.miservice.bv/cataloq/food/mikosorb/.

Claims (2)

1. A method for the prevention and treatment of pig mycotoxicoses, which consists in adding a sorbent to the diet of animals with feed contaminated with mycotoxins, characterized in that the waste material demetallization and clarification of wine materials containing transition metal ferrocyanides and bentonite are used as a sorbent. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorbent is added to the diet of pigs in an amount of 1% of the diet per day based on dry matter or as part of a 25% additive to the premix.