RU2543353C1 - Prophylaxis method of toxicoses of farm animals and poultry - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnologies.

SUBSTANCE: prophylaxis method of toxicoses of farm animals and poultry by introduction of a ration of a preparation containing sorbents; with that, a preparation is used, which contains chitosan and fructooligosaccharide as sorbents, in the form of a composition containing the following (g per litre): chitosan - 0.4-1 g, fructooligosaccharide - 30-50 g, vitamin B12 - 0.000025 g, orange or anise oil - 0.2-0.5 g, water is up to 1 l.

EFFECT: improvement in health of farm animals and poultry due to higher efficiency of neutralisation of toxins in toxic fodders.

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Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to methods of protecting animals from diseases caused by mold mycotoxins contained in fodder raw materials (grain, meal, hay, feed).

Currently, the world problem of toxins in feed and the effects of toxicosis in farm animals and poultry takes the leading place. It must be recognized that the formation of toxins in grain and meal is inevitable in connection with the storage of huge masses of raw materials with high humidity. Protection of cereal fungicides does not give the desired effect. Therefore, the presence of various toxins in feed in concentrations from MDU to chronic are also inevitable. The losses in the agricultural sector due to the negative impact of toxins on the health of farm animals and birds are enormous.

The most affordable way to combat mycotoxins and prevent animal toxicosis is the use of drugs that can neutralize the effects of toxins contained in food or feed raw materials based on grain, plant mass, meal. For example, the drug Mikosorb (USA) is known, which is used as a neutralizing additive to feed in order to reduce the concentration of toxins in the feed and gastrointestinal tract in animals and birds. It is a sorbent based on esterified glycans obtained from yeast cells (Feeding Time, 1989, v. 7, No. 3, p.20).

However, the used known sorbents of toxin neutralizers do not provide the necessary effectiveness of eliminating toxins in the feed-sorbent system. The authors of the claimed invention carried out relevant studies and in these studies found that when the concentration of toxin converters at the level of the MRL (maximum acceptable level), most of them (~ 90%) are associated with the components of the feed (for example, wheat) and in this case the role of the neutralizers is negligible.

Moreover, in the intestines of animals, when the nutrients of the feed break down, a huge amount of toxins enters the bloodstream and further into the liver. Animal toxicosis is inevitable.

In this situation, the only way to enhance the effect of neutralizing sorbents is to increase their rate of feed intake from 0.2% to 0.5% -1.0%. However, this input rate greatly increases the cost of feed. Thus, such a picture arises when small doses of neutralizers are not competitive with food in relation to sorption of toxins. Increased doses are economically inaccessible.

The high rate of input of neutralizers reduces the nutritional value of the diet.

Inorganic clay neutralizers have a weak adsorption ability of toxins and do not provide an acceptable degree of protection of animals from toxicosis caused by mycotoxins of feed raw materials. In addition, with an increase in the input rate of such sorbents, there is a danger of poisoning animals with substances that are part of the sorbents.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method for the prevention of toxicosis of animals and birds caused by toxins of molds when eating infected feeds, characterized in that a biological product obtained by mixing aluminosilicate and layered sorbents (ratio 5: 1), riboxin is introduced into the diet for farm animals and birds , lecithin, L-carnitine, an organic acid (succinic or propionic acid) or its salt, a mixture of oligofructose and inulin (30:70 ratio) and an enzymatic proteolytic preparation that based on the culture fluid of bacteria Bacillus subtilis "Protosubtilin" at effective ratios. The solid preparation is administered to animals and birds at a dose of 0.3-1.0% (RF patent 2420565 C1, 2011).

The disadvantage of this method is the complex composition of the drug, the resulting special requirements for storage conditions (special modes of temperature and humidity due to the presence of the enzyme preparation), and most importantly, insufficient sorption capacity, i.e. insufficiency of the preventive effect. In addition, the drug is a solid substance, which complicates its consumption by animals.

The proposed method for the prevention of toxicosis in farm animals and poultry solves the above problems, providing the following advantages: the used drug "Chitolosa" is a liquid form that is easily consumed by animals and poultry, it provides higher bioavailability. As a result of this, the method as a whole provides a more effective prophylaxis of toxicosis caused by mycotoxins contained in the feed of farm animals and poultry.

The claimed invention is a method for the prevention of toxicosis in farm animals and poultry by introducing into the diet a preparation containing sorbents, characterized in that a preparation containing chitosan and fructooligosaccharide as sorbents is used in the form of a composition of the following composition (g / l):

- chitosan - 0.4-1 g;

- fructooligosaccharide - 30-50 g;

- vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.000025 g;

- orange or anise oil - 0.2-0.5 g;

- water up to 1 liter.

The technical result obtained as a result of the implementation of the claimed method is more effective prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and poultry, which contributes to the preservation of the livestock and, as a result, to obtain better products of animal husbandry and poultry farming.

This was made possible thanks to the use of a new drug, in which, in contrast to the well-known drug, polysaccharides (chitosan and fructooligosaccharide) are without sorbent toxins without the addition of other toxin neutralizers, and a special complex of substances has been introduced to protect the hepatocytes of the liver.

The authors found that the problem of eliminating toxins from the gastrointestinal tract of animals can be solved by using several sorbents that are effective in the last parts of the intestine and large intestine and have the ability to enter the blood and release the liver and organs from toxins.

The authors found that only two sorbents satisfy these requirements:

- polymer fructooligosaccharide (oligofructose),

- polymer (polysaccharides) from the crab shell - chitosan.

a) Chitosan is a fine beige powder.

By its chemical structure, chitosan is a polysaccharide whose macromolecules consist of randomly linked β- (1-4) D-glucosamine units and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Chitosan is a sorbent of natural origin, its source is the shells of ocean crabs.

The presence of a large number of free amino groups in the chitosan molecule allows it to bind hydrogen ions and acquire an excess charge. This explains the property of chitosan as a good cation exchanger. This explains the ability of chitosan to bind and firmly hold ions of various metals, radioactive isotopes, as well as toxic elements.

The molecular weight of chitosan is an average of 200 kDa. The total content of dietary fiber is 86.4%, the mass fraction of hexosamines is not less than 78%. Chitosan absorbs liquid well and becomes gel-like. Chitosan producer People's Republic of China. Certificate of registration in the Russian Federation No. RU.77.99.11.003.E.003225.04.13 of 04.25.2013.

b) Oligofructose (fructooligosaccharide) is a mixture of oligosaccharides consisting of fructose units interconnected by β bonds (2-1). The total number of fructose and glucose units of oligofructose varies from 2 to 8 (this is equal to the degree of polymerization).

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), a powdery substance, is a short-chain polysaccharide (glucose, fructose, sucrose). FOS improves the growth of saprophilic microflora, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, reduces plasma cholesterol and improves the elimination of toxic compounds from animals.

FOS producer - People's Republic of China. It is registered in the Russian Federation. State registration certificate No. RU.77.99.88.003.E.003712.05.13.

The combination of the above sorbents, taken in certain proportions with plant extracts (“phytogenics”), in particular with anise or orange oil, provides good sorption efficiency. Essential oils contribute to the development of beneficial intestinal microflora, increase feed digestibility and increase immunity.

It is important that the effective binding of toxins in the blood prevents their negative effects on hepatocytes of the liver and increases the detoxifying activity of the liver. Thus, the composition of the new toxin neutralizer used in liquid form has the following form (g / l):

- chitosan - 0.4-1 g;

- fructooligosaccharide - 30-50 g;

- vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.000025 g (25 mcg);

- essential oil - orange or anise - 0.2-0.5 g;

- water up to 1 liter.

Vitamin B _{12 is} necessary as an important element in blood formation and maintenance of blood glucose due to “gluconeogenesis” carried out in the liver, which is the main target of exposure to toxins.

The novelty of our product, which has the name "Chitolose", consists in the originality of its composition and in liquid form, which ensures high bioavailability and rapid entry of the neutralizer into the bloodstream.

The new drug used is prepared as follows. These components are subjected to mechanical mixing in the above ratios in a apparatus with a stirrer with a capacity of 200 l. Water is added to the apparatus, then the powder components, the contents are brought to the required volume with water, and mixed for 30-40 minutes. Then take samples for analysis. A product is obtained which is packaged in 1.5 liter bottles.

The new product has been tested on various farm animals and poultry and has shown high efficiency against the background of feed contaminated with toxins.

The following are examples of the proposed method.

Example 1

The experiments were carried out in the economy of the Vologda region. In control and experiment, 10 heads of dairy cows of the Holstein breed were taken at the milking stage. We used the same diet - silage, hay, feed in the amount of 8 kg / goal a day. The silo contained toxins, including aflatoxin - 0.1 mg / kg, zearalenone - 0.1 mg / kg. The duration of the experiment is 14 days. Prior to the experiment, a decrease in milk production, a decrease in feed intake, diarrhea in cows, and culling were observed in both groups. In the experimental group, the cows began to drink “Chitolose” at 1 l / goal day for 4 days from the start of the experiment, the following composition (g / l):

- chitosan - 0.4 g;

- fructooligosaccharide - 30 g;

- vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.000025 g (25 mcg);

- orange oil - 0.2 g;

- water up to 1 liter.

In the control group, the biological preparation “Fungistat-GPK” (patent RU 2420565) was introduced into the diet of cows in an amount of 0.3% of the feed volume.

The results obtained are summarized in table 1.

Table 1 Performance indicators and the condition of cows in the experimental and control groups after 14 days Indicators Control group Experienced group Average milk yield l / goal 20.1 L 24.5 L Culling 3 goal 1 goal Cow Condition Lethargy, refusal, diarrhea Satisfactory, no signs of toxicosis

The results confirm the high efficiency of the proposed liquid drug "Chitolose".

Example 2

The economy of the Vologda region. The experimental conditions are the same as in example 1. In the experiment, 10 heads of dairy cows of the Holstein breed were taken at the milking stage. We used the same diet - silage, hay, feed in the amount of 8 kg / goal a day. The silo contained toxins, including aflatoxin in an amount of 0.1 mg / kg, zearalenone 0.1 mg / kg. The duration of the experiment is 14 days. Before the experiment, a decrease in the level of milk productivity, a decrease in the amount of feed consumed, diarrhea in cows, and culling were observed in both groups. In the experimental group, chitolose was fed to cows within 4 days from the start of the experiment, the following composition (g / l):

- chitosan - 1.0 g;

- fructooligosaccharide - 50 g;

- vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.000025 g (25 mcg);

- anise oil - 0.5 g;

- water - up to 1 l; that is, the recipe was enhanced by sorbents and anise oil.

In the control group, the biological preparation “Fungistat-GPK” was introduced into the diet of cows in an amount of 0.3% of the feed volume.

table 2 Performance indicators and the condition of cows in the experimental and control groups after 14 days Indicators Control group Experienced group Average milk yield l / goal 18.5 L 22.5 L Culling 4 goal 1 goal Cow Condition Lethargy, refusal, diarrhea Satisfactory, no signs of toxicosis

Thus, as a result of our experiments, it was found that our proposed method for the prevention of toxicosis in cows using the Chitolosa complex significantly improves the animal’s health, helps to increase milk productivity, eliminating the effects of toxicosis.

Example 3

The experiment was carried out on broilers of the breed "Cobb" in VNITI poultry (Sergiev Posad).

To grow broilers, they used a regular diet containing grain (wheat, barley) and a protein source (soybean meal, sunflower meal), vitamin and mineral premix. Aflatoxin at a concentration of 0.1 mg / kg of feed was added to the feed. A solid toxin neutralizer, “Fungistat-GPK”, was introduced into the diet of the control group, in an amount of 0.2% of the feed volume. In the experimental group, the toxin neutralizer was not introduced into the feed, but the broilers were fed with Chitolose solution from 14 to 28 days at the rate of 15 ml per head. The Chitolose complex was introduced in the following composition (g / l):

- chitosan - 0.4 g;

- fructooligosaccharide - 30 g;

- vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.000025 g (25 mcg);

- anise oil - 0.5 g;

- water up to 1 liter.

The results are shown in table 3.

Table 3 Growth rates of broiler chickens when evaporating Chitolose solution The name of indicators The control Experience The live weight of the broiler on day 42, g 1800 2050 The average daily weight gain, g 53.5 57.0 Feed Conversion Rate 2.0 1.85

In the above examples of the use of the proposed method, it is seen that the liquid preparation used in the feed of farm animals and poultry provides higher production indicators due to the high efficiency of neutralizing toxins in toxic feed.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of toxicosis in farm animals and poultry by introducing into the diet a preparation containing sorbents, characterized in that a preparation containing chitosan and fructooligosaccharide as sorbents is used in the form of the following composition (g per liter):
- chitosan - 0.4-1 g;
- fructooligosaccharide - 30-50 g;
- vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.000025 g;
- orange or anise oil - 0.2-0.5 g;
- water up to 1 liter.