RU2620653C2 - Method for feeding dairy cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for feeding dairy cows involves feeding to animals a ration containing a biologically active additive. As the biologically active additive, king crab shell flour with the grinding size of 0.5-1.5 mm is used. The crab flour is fed daily in an amount of 150 g per head per day.

EFFECT: enriching the ration of animals with biologically active substances, protein and microelements, increasing the resistance and productivity of cattle.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture (feeding farm animals).

The analysis of the scanned material of the patent documentation showed that the waste from the processing of marine aquatic organisms is used in the feeding of farm animals.

Known feed additive (KD), used for feeding birds of domestic and farm animals, containing waste from the processing of gastropods (2 292 160. Shevchenko VN FSUE Azov Research Institute of Fisheries).

A known method of producing enzymatic protein hydrolysates from marine hydrobionts for microbiological and feed purposes (Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography named after N.M. Knipovich, 2001115122/13). There is a method of complex processing of shells of crustacean hydrobionts (Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography named after N.M. Knipovich, 2179816).

However, protein hydrolysates, fermentolysates have not yet been widely used in practice, due to the lack of scientifically based data on their use and the high cost of preparation (energy costs, enzymes), and the lack of necessary equipment.

The closest of the known drugs created on the basis of the shell of the king crab is the drug "Chitosan". A known method of feeding calves in areas of radioactive contamination, including the introduction of animal feed "Chitosan" (LLC "Agrovit" (RU), 2299072). The chemical composition of flour from the crab shell, from which our feed additive (CD) was obtained, is 68.2% represented by chitin and chitosan - 31.79% [1].

The disadvantage of the pharmacological drug "Chitosan" is its high cost and its use as a veterinary drug.

Improvement of protein and mineral nutrition is possible due to crab production wastes, which until now have received little serious attention and are still disposed of in the crab fishing zone. In the carapace of the cephalothorax there are a lot of potentially useful bio-raw materials - these are the gills, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, gonads, etc. This set, which ensures the normal functioning of the crab, contains unique organic compounds that are most useful and most acceptable to the cells and tissues of living organisms. According to the results of the chemical-analytical laboratory of the institute, the chemical composition of the powder of the shell of the king crab is presented (table 1).

Table 2 shows the content of micro and macro elements and maximum permissible concentrations of chemical elements in the diets of farm animals [1].

Chitosan has antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial and antiviral properties [2]. The possibility of using chitosan to isolate radionuclides, heavy metals and toxins from the body of farm animals has been proven [3-6]. Chitosan is able to increase the nonspecific resistance of the body to the action of adverse environmental factors, normalizes immune responses [7-11].

Chitin and chitosan are successfully used in medicine [12-15] and veterinary medicine [11, 16, 17].

Approximately 58% of the crab powder is carbohydrates represented by N-Acetylglucosamine and D (+) - glucosamine, which are known to enhance scar function in cows and normalize gastrointestinal tract function in cattle [1].

Therefore, it seems most appropriate to use crab shell powder as special additives in the feeding of farm animals.

In the literature we studied, no data were found on the use of crab waste in feeding cattle (cattle).

The problem to be solved is enrichment of the cattle diet with a biologically active substance, protein, microelements based on the local raw material base and increasing the resistance and productivity of cattle.

The task is achieved by including in the main diet of cows CD crab flour daily in the amount of 150 g per head per day.

Example.

In order to study the effect of CD from the flour of the carapace of the king crab on the physiological condition and productivity of dairy cows, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted in the UMSHP "New Arman" of the Magadan Region in the period of four to five months after calving.

To prepare CD, crab waste was collected - the carapace of the paws and body of the crab. The waste was dried in a specially equipped storage room on mesh racks with active ventilation with heated air at a temperature of + 26-27 ° C. Grinding was carried out in a laboratory mill to a particle size fraction of 0.5-1.5 mm. Flour was stored in kraft bags in the warehouse type premises.

Introduction to the diet of dairy cows KD inhibits the decline in average daily milk yield, characteristic for the fourth to fifth month of lactation, by 10.52%, relative to the control group (table 3).

The fat content of milk in cows treated with CD increased by 1.31% relative to the control and amounted to 4.2%.

Calcium and phosphorus are the main elements of the salt composition of milk. The ratio between these elements is 1.6, which indicates their good absorption by the animal organism (table 4).

The introduction of CD into the diet of dairy cows optimized the biochemical and morphological parameters of blood (tables 5, 6).

The protein content in the groups was below normal and amounted to 67.70 g / l in the control group and 63.42 g / l in the experimental group. Proteins from the blood enter the mammary gland of cows and are one of the main chemicals in the composition of milk. By the end of the experiment in the control group there is a decrease in blood protein by 5%. The use of CD increases the protein content in the serum of cows by 5.6%, remaining below normal. The described changes in the content of total protein in the blood create optimal conditions during pregnancy.

The calcium content in the blood plasma of the cows of both groups before the start of the experiment was below normal (1.39-1.50 mmol / l). In lactating animals, a significant amount of calcium is excreted in milk. By the end of the experiment, the cows in the control group had a decrease in milk productivity by 23.84%, and the calcium content in the blood increased by 71.9%, in the cows of the experimental group, milk productivity decreased by 13.32%, and the calcium content increased by 47.3 %

The phosphorus content in the blood plasma of cows of both groups at the beginning of the experiment was normal (1.95-1.65 mmol / l). During the experiment, the phosphorus content in the control group increased by 14.87%, and in the plasma of cows receiving CD by 6.06%.

The content of red blood cells in the blood of cows of both groups at the beginning of the experiment was higher than normal. By the end of the experiment, this indicator decreased and turned out to be below normal in animals of both groups, which is natural for this physiological period. In the group receiving CD, the decrease in the erythrocyte content was 7.7% less than in the control.

The hemoglobin content in the blood of cows of both groups at the beginning of the experiment was below normal and amounted to 8.40 g / 100 ml. In the control group, the hemoglobin content decreased over the period of the experiment by 5.95%, and in the experimental group it decreased slightly (1.19%). The increased content of hemoglobin in the blood of animals taking CD indicates a more intense metabolism in their body, a better ability to absorb oxygen when breathing, supplying them with tissues and organs of the body, and activating the immune system.

In the cows of both groups at the beginning of the experiment, an increased ESR index (3.20-3.40 mm / h) is noted. After two months, there is a decrease in ESR in the control group by 31.25%, in the group taking the CD by 5.88%, respectively. Reducing erythrocyte sedimentation is a non-specific indicator of the general condition of the body.

The number of leukocytes at the beginning of the experiment is within the physiological norm. The decrease in the number of leukocytes characteristic of subsequent pregnancy was observed in cows on the main diet and amounted to 19.44%. In cows treated with CD, there was a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood by 22.8%. These data indicate that the use of CD inhibits leukocytosis and has a beneficial effect on the animal organism. The ratio of different forms of leukocytes in the blood of cows in groups was as follows.

In the blood of animals of the group receiving CD, there is an increase in stab neutrophils by 19.21% less than in the control.

The number of segmental neutrophils in the blood of animals of both groups increased during the experiment. The increase in segmental neutrophils in the experimental group is 12.1% higher than the control.

The level of eosinophils in the blood of cows at the beginning of the experiment was below normal in both groups. For two months of experience, the level of eosinophils rose in the control group by 242.85%, and in the group taking the CD, by 11.76%, respectively.

The number of monocytes at the beginning of the experiment was above the norm in both groups (17.40 - 18.40%). For two months of experience, the level of monocytes in the control group decreased by 43.68%, remaining above normal. In the group taking the CD, the decrease was 66.30% and returns to normal, which indicates an increase in the protective functions of the animal organism, since this group of cells is phagocytes and has a high activity.

The number of lymphocytes at the beginning of the experiment was within the physiological norm in both groups. After two months of experience, the level of lymphocytes decreased in the control group by 5.64%, and in the group taking the CD, increased by 4.15%.

The use of CD provides the normalization of the state of dairy cows, increasing the body's resistance and animal productivity.

Containing a decrease in milk yield in cows of the experimental group by 13.32% and an increase in buttermilk by 0.98% as a result of the inclusion of CD from crab flour in the diet made it possible to increase the profitability of milk production by 13.43 percentage points (table 7).

The optimal time for the use of CD for dairy cows daily is 150 g per head per day.

The data obtained can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of cattle in the conditions of the Magadan region.

Information sources

1. Fedorov A.V. Prospects for the use of fish industry waste in agricultural production / A.V. Fedorov, A.D. Pozin, V.S. Zlobin // Fisheries. - 2007. - No. 6. - S. 9-12.

2. Albulov A.I., Samuilenko A.Ya., Shinkarev S.M., Frolova M.A., Krapivina E.V., Kuznetsov P.A. Different types of chitosan for veterinary medicine and livestock. Agrarian Russia.

3. Antarctic krill: A Handbook. Ed. V.M. BULL. M .: Publishing house VNI-RO.

4. Zhogolev KD, Nikitin V.Yu., Gypsy V.N., Egorov V.N. Chitosan in medicine and nutrition. Series: Medicine XXI Century - St. Petersburg, 2000.

5. Zhogolev KD, Gypsy VN, Nikitin V.Yu. Medical and biological aspects of the use of chitosan and its derivatives as food additives. Biologically active food additives: XXI century. - M., 2000. - P.85-86.

6. Maslova G.V. Electrochemical technologies - a new direction in the fish processing industry / Materials of the International Symposium "Electrochemical activation in medicine, agriculture, industry." M.

7. Ernst L.K., Zlochevsky F.I., Erokhin V.A., Kletsko N.G. Entomological method for the utilization of organic livestock waste, in particular pig breeding // Agrarian Russia.

8. Chirkov S.N. Antiviral activity of chitosan / Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology

9. Velichko B.Ya., Albulov A.I., Fomenko A.S., Frolova M.A., Kachalov V.N., S.M. Shinkarev V.N. New highly effective phytosorbents of radionuclides and heavy metals / Materials of the scientific conference "Place of herbal medicine in modern medicine", Chernogolovka.

10. Zhogolev KD, Nikitin V.Yu., Gypsy V.N. Some aspects of the anti-radiation effect of chitosan preparations // Medical aspects of radiation and chemical safety.

11. Zhogolev KD, Tsygan V.N., Nikitin V.Yu., V.N. Egorov. The use of chitosan preparations as biological food additives // Medical aspects of radiation and chemical safety.- SPb., 2001.

12. Zhogolev KD, Nikitin V.Yu., Gypsy V.N. Preparations based on chitin and chitosan in medicine and nutrition. / Series: Medicine XXI Century. - SPb., 2000. - 32 p.

13. Zhogolev KD, Nikitin V.Yu., Gypsy V.N. Prospects for the clinical use of chitosan-based immunomodulatory drugs / Medical Immunology, 2001.

14. Zhogolev KD, Tsygan VN, Nikitin V.Yu., Egorov VN Biomedical justification for the use of chitosan derivatives as food additives. Allergology and Immunology, 2000.

15. Krapivina E.V. Natural resistance, immune status and methods for their increase in farm animals under conditions of various soil contamination with radiocaesium. Diss. Doctors biol. Sciences, Bryansk: BGShAK. 2003.586 s.

16. Gypsy V.N., Zhogolev K.D., Nikitin V.Yu. Chitosan as a component of parapharmaceuticals and immuno-oriented therapy // Conceptual issues of nutrition of the population and military personnel. - SPb., 2000.V. 2. 37-42.

17. Albulov A.I., Samuilenko A.Ya., Fomenko A.S., Shinkarev S.M., Pilipeiko E.A., Trunov A.M. Biologically active additives from raw materials of natural origin / Materials of the scientific conference: "Phytotherapy, laser therapy, biologically active substances of natural origin in the XXI century." Chernogolovka, 2000, S. 3-7.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding dairy cows, including feeding animals a diet containing a biologically active additive, characterized in that, as a biologically active additive, crab carapace flour with a fineness of 0.5-1.5 mm is used, crab flour is fed daily in an amount of 150 g per head per day.