RU2690487C1 - Method for young farm animals feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock sector, in particular, to a method for young cattle and pigs feeding. Method for feeding young farm animals includes introduction to a diet in micro doses of flour from Hermitia illucens fly larvae, wherein calves are used 7 g/head/day, for young pigs at the growing stage – 1.0–3.0 g/head/day, and at the fattening stage – 3.0–9.0 g/head/day.EFFECT: proposed method for feeding young farm animals enables to improve animals safety and their stress resistance, increase the rate of growth of young animals, reduce feed consumption per unit of production, increase economic efficiency of production.1 cl, 17 tbl

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to a method of feeding young dairy cattle and pigs.

There are numerous studies of domestic scientists (VIZH, NSKHI, VIEV, VIGIS, VNIIVSGiG, TKHA, etc.) on the use of the larvae of synanthropic flies (with a protein content of 48-52%) in feeding calves (Zelenchenkova AA, Nekrasov R.V. , Chabaev MG, Ushakova NA // Efficiency of using a probiotic preparation with the inclusion of the larvae of the fly Hermetia illucens to calves-milkmen. In the collection: Improving the level and quality of nutrient potential in animal husbandry. Collection of scientific works on materials of the II international scientific and practical conference 2016. p. 30-33.), mink (Ernst, LK, et al., Use of protein feed obtained by biological processing of pig manure in feeding young and adult minks // Bulletar of scientific works of VNIIZh "Issues of disposal of bespodtilnochny manure on complexes and farms of industrial type." - Dubrovitsy, 1975, issue 44, pp. 51-53.), Fish (Koltypin Yu.A., et al. Experience in using flour from roomfly larvae for feeding carp juveniles. Bulletarized scientific works of VIZh, 1975, vol. 4, s. 60-63.), Birds (RF patent No. 2352141, application 2007148855 of December 29, 2007, IPC А23К 1/00 (2006.01)), pigs (Bayandina, GV. Use of flour from house fly larvae in growing repair pigs // Collection of scientific papers of the National Agricultural Institute "Processing of organic animal waste biological method." - Novosibirsk, 1980. - T. 128, p. 21-24.)

It is known that feeding the feed additive from the larvae of the fly Hermetiea illucens against the background of balanced feed in a dose of up to 7.0% does not adversely affect the physiological processes in the body of pigs and their productivity and increases their growth rate, reduces the cost of feed and their cost (RF patent No. 2569628, application 2014144788 of November 5, 2014, IPC A23K 1/16 (2006.01)).

In these methods, the larvae of flies used as a high-quality protein supplement that can replace the more expensive protein components of animal feed.

There is a method of preventing the disease of pigs, taken as a prototype, including the introduction of oral with food biopreparation - flour housefly larvae - in the amount of 0.5-1.5 g per 1 kg of body weight for 10-14 days, and giving the drug start mainly 7-10 days before weaning. As a result of this prophylaxis, individual cases of infectious and non-infectious etiology of piglets are reduced (RF patent No. 2053780, application 92 5064106 of September 23, 1992, IPC A61K 35/64 (1995.01)).

The disadvantage of this method is that the larvae of the room fly are used as a biological product and the preparation has not been tested in the form of flour, as well as on other age and sex groups of young pigs and calves.

The larvae of the Black Lioness (Hermetia Illucens) fly are known. The Black Larvae fly larvae (Hermetia Illucens) differ in more intensive growth, reaching masses up to 220 mg, length - 27 mm and width - 6 mm (Fradkin, V. Livestock will be fed with insects [Electronic resource] // Science, 2014: http: / /bw.de/home-scotch-fed-insects / a-1767868 (appeal date: 11.06.2017).

The biomass of the larvae is used as a valuable raw material for the pharmaceutical, microbiological, cosmetic and food industries. The complex technology of biomass processing allows the larvae to secrete many physiologically active substances - chitin, antimicrobial peptides, fatty acid complex, organic forms of minerals, hormones, etc. The isolated fractions from the hemolymph of the larvae showed high antiviral and antifungal activity, as well as effective effects on oncological and diabetic diseases.

The larvae biomass is grown on MIL LLC "NordTechSad" (Arkhangelsk region). The eggs of the third day of incubation were placed in plastic containers with nutrient substrate and covered with a finely meshed mesh. On the fifth day, the substrate with the larvae was placed in containers, where the larvae processed agricultural waste, as well as expired vegetables and fruits. Feeding the larvae was carried out as the feeding of food.

The data we obtained showed the absence or presence of minimal pathogenic microorganisms in the flour from Hermetia Illucens, and the absence of toxicity was also confirmed.

The unique amino acid composition of insect protein allows it to be considered as the basis of functional nutrition for farm animals and fish.

As can be seen from the presented material (Table 2), the protein of the Hermetia Illucens larvae (in terms of percentage) was practically not inferior to fish meal in the content of glutamic acid, cystine, and cysteine. At the same time, fish meal contained less threonine (by 2.15%), serine (by 1.15%), valine (by 2.54%), methionine (by 1.53%), isoleucine (by 2.85%) ), leucine (by 3.79%), tyrosine (by 6.60%), phenylalanine (by 2.20%), histidine (by 3.99%), lysine (by 1.92%).

The nutritional qualities of the larvae are very high, they contain a large amount of protein and fat, an extensive set of essential amino acids, fatty acids, chitosan and many other biologically active substances. Thus, lauric acid (C ₁₂ H ₂₄ O ₂ ) is converted in the body of the animal into monolaurin, which is antiviral, antibacterial and antiprotozoal monoglyceride. (Bondari, K. Soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L., larvae for fish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), and blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) / K. Bondari, DC Sheppard // Aquaculture and Fisheries Management. - Aquaculture and Fisheries Management. - 1987. - No. 18. - P. 209-220).

Pigments of the eumelanin type are synthesized at all stages of the life cycle of a Hermetia illucens fly: in larvae, pupae, pupae, and adult flies. The highest content of melanin is fixed in the cuticle. Melanin is not only present in the cuticle, it has also been found in the body of an insect in combination with lipids. In pupae, this is mainly lauric acid, which is associated with melanin. Its share in the complex melanin-chitosan was 80%. The isolated melanin-chitosan complex of adult flies showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of 21 of the 25 studied cultures. The melanin-chitosan complex of the pupal membranes and the alcoholic suspension of the pupal melanin inhibited half the number of test cultures and the above activity was observed in the chitosan of the pupa. The largest zone of growth inhibition was observed for Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. Alcoholic suspension of melanin of the pupae inhibited the growth of 10 test cultures. The highest activity was shown in relation to Mycobacterium B5 and Acinetobacter sp. 1182 (NA Ushakova, AE Dontsov, NL Sakina, ES Brodsky, IA Ratnikova, NN Gavrilova, AI Bastrakov, AA Kozlova, RV Nekrasov. Melanin properties Ecology, 2017, 7 (4), 424-431, doi: 10.15421 / 2017_137).

The effectiveness of using micro-quantities of flour from the larvae of the Hermetia Illucens fly, should be ensured by the BAS and micronutrients contained in it.

Flour prepared from the larvae of the Lion Black Fly (Hermetia Illucens) is an effective feed additive and biologically active substances.

Feeding it on the background of balanced diets in the form of a separate feed microadditive has not been tested in feeding young farm animals.

When creating the present invention, the task was to increase the immunity of piglets, increase the safety of animals and their resistance to stress, which is reflected in an increase in the growth rate of young animals, a decrease in the cost of feed per unit of production, and an increase in the economic efficiency of production.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method of feeding young animals, including the introduction in the feed micro-additives of flour from the larvae of the fly Hermetia Illucens.

An example on calves. Researches were conducted on the basis of a small innovative enterprise LLC NordTechSad and an agricultural enterprise OJSC Vazhskoe with. Blagoveshchenskoye Velsky district of the Arkhangelsk region. The object of the study was the calves of the Holsteinized Kholmogory breed of ten days of age (Table 3):

For the experiment, 40 heads of calves of Holsteinized Kholmogorsk breed were selected during the dairy period of cultivation, which, taking into account age, live weight, preliminary growth analysis using the animal-analogue pair, were divided into 2 groups: in the 1st control group - 16 goals, 2nd experimental group - 24 heads.

The calves were placed in the same production room, where they had the same housing conditions and one feeding mode.

For comparative experience, the first control group of calves was used during the rearing period, in whose diet no additional BAS preparations were used. The 2nd experimental group of animals was fed a ration, which included flour (dry shredded biomass) from the larvae of Hermetia Illucens (7 g / head. / Day.).

The diet of calves during the growth period provides for the following composition and nutritional value (Table 4):

The average daily ration of calves in both groups was the same. On average, its nutritional value was 3.2-3.23 energy feed units and 329.2-331.3 g of digestible protein. The accounting of feed consumption did not reveal a significant difference in their consumption depending on the group of animals.

The duration of the experiment ranged from 32 to 46 days (which is associated with the recruitment of animals into groups based on calving of cows and individual weighing of calves when setting on the experiment and after its completion). The mode of feeding calves in groups did not differ among themselves, the introduction of the studied feed additive into the diet was carried out only in the morning hours of each day of the experiment.

The weight gains of young animals are the most important indicators of their development, health conditions and reflect the level and usefulness of their feeding (tab. 5).

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

From the data presented in Table 3, it can be seen that the average live weight of calves at the time of testing was 43.35 ± 0.92 and 44.86 ± 1.06 kg, respectively.

During the period of scientific and business experience, the young of the 2nd group, who received a fly larva in the ration, developed most intensively.

At the end of the scientific and business experience, calves of this group exceeded their peers from the 1st control group by 2.8 kg in terms of body weight, and exceeded control by 23.6% in average daily weight gain.

At the end of the experiment, a biochemical analysis of the blood of experimental calves (4 goals from each group) was carried out on the basis of the laboratory and diagnostic department of the Belsky RaySBBZHU hospital in Velsk. Table 4 shows the biochemical analysis of the blood of calves grown with and without the supplement under study.

According to the data obtained, the biochemical parameters in animals of the experimental group (with the addition of fly larvae) were higher than the control. Slightly higher than the control were indicators of protein content, blood glucose in animals of the experimental group, which indicates a more intensive metabolism of calves of this group.

Examples on piglets

Studies conducted in the department of feeding S.-H. animals FSBI FSI VIZH them. L.K. Ernst and in the conditions of the pig farm "Bryansk Meat Processing Plant" (Bryansk region).

The physiological experiment was carried out on fattening young pigs - 18 heads of crossbred bolettes (P-2: CBhLHD) during the rearing period (age from 56 to 97 days) and fattening (age from 98 days before slaughter - 185-190 days), divided into three groups steam analogues live weight of 15.12-15.87 kg, 6 goals each. The preliminary period is 14 days (age from 42 to 55 days). The duration of the experiment during the rearing period was 41 days, including the carrying out of the balance experiment (Table 7), 87-92 days - during the fattening period. The animals of the control and two experimental groups were placed in the same room, where they were created the same conditions of feeding and housing.

On the basis of the previously studied composition and studies carried out, both by our own and those of other authors, small dosages have been scientifically determined on the basis of the content of biologically active elements in the additive. Thus, the animals of the 1st control group were fed balanced in energy and nutrients of the compound feed SC-4, SC-5, SC-6 (Table 8); The second experienced one - additionally with compound feed during the rearing period, was set in a mixture with compound feed 1 g / head / day. flour from the larvae of Hermetia Illucens; 3rd experienced - 3 g / head. / Day. Hermetia Illucens larvae flour, as well as 3 and 9 g / head / day, respectively, during the fattening period. Mixed feeds (manufacturer - Agro LLC) included: wheat, barley, soybean meal, sunflower meal, wheat bard, protein feed mixture, lysine sulfate, methionine, threonine, common salt, mono calcium phosphate, limestone flour, premix. Antibiotics in the feed were not used. The basic ration and conditions of keeping all groups of animals (temperature, humidity, light conditions and the gas composition of the air in the room) were the same and within the zoohygienic norms.

Indicators of animal development is live weight, as well as relative growth, characterizing the growth and development of animals. The main zootechnical indicators of experimental pigs are given in table. 9.

Note: * OE according to balance experience.

By the end of the rearing period, the live weight, although not significantly different in the animals of the experimental groups (p> 0.05) as compared with the control, was 6.14-6.62% higher. The average daily gain for 41 days of experience was also higher than the control by 8.18–9.11% (p> 0.05).

During the period of rearing per 1 kg of growth, the animals of the control group spent 2,894 kg of feed, while the pigs from the experimental groups - 2,676 and 2,653 kg, which amounted to 92.44 and 91.65% compared to the control, that is, there was a tendency to reduce the consumption of feed on 1 kg gain when feeding flour from the larvae of flies.

Further analysis of the data obtained showed that during the fattening period (which differed by day - 101.67 days in the 1st control group; 100.67 - in the 2nd; 98.33 - in the 3rd), an overall equivalent gross gain in live weight of experimental animals. Recalculation of the average daily growth was testified by the fact. That during this period, the average daily gains of the animals were the same in the 1st control and 2nd experimental groups - 944.03 against 944.52 g, respectively. What can be said about the performance of the 3rd experimental group. Here, due to higher growth rates, the fattening days were lower by 2.33, and the average daily increase was 964.98 g, or 2.22% higher compared to the control.

The calculation of indicators for the entire period of experience showed that the average daily increase was higher in the experimental groups by 1.0 and 2.83%, while lowering the cost of feed per unit increase - by 0.67 and 4.06%.

During the period of rearing and fattening, there was no retirement of young pigs from the experimental groups. Safety was 100%.

The experiment demonstrated the possibility of effectively introducing a microdose of flour from Hermetia Illucens larvae when fed in quantities of 1 and 3 g / head / day. during the rearing period, and 3 and 9 g / head. / day. during the fattening period, with the advantage of the 2nd scheme of feeding the larvae - 3 + 9 g / head / day.

The use of micro doses of flour from the larvae of Hermetia Illucens as a dietary supplement to the diet requires a deep study of the internal metabolic processes of the body, determined by the biochemical and hematological state of the blood.

The results of our research showed that the general hematological indicators of piglets were within the physiological norms both during the rearing period and during the fattening period (Table 10).

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

By biochemical blood tests, it was found that feeding the piglets of the experimental groups of the studied flour from the larvae of the flies intensified the protein and fat exchanges in their body during the rearing period. There were changes in the period of final fattening, some of them correlated with the period of rearing, some indicators had an inverse correlation.

Plasma proteins belong to the most labile compounds. They are plastic and energetic material, perform a protective function, maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood. Proteins in the process of vital activity of the organism interact with carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, micro- and macro-elements, forming complex compounds with them.

Protein substances of the blood and their metabolic products largely determine the state and direction of metabolic processes. It has been established that if the supply of tissue with proteins is violated, then the level of proteins in the blood decreases, but not all, but only albumin.

The study of indicators of protein metabolism in piglets showed that the introduction of flour from the larvae of the Hermetia Illucens fly into the diet of animals had a beneficial effect on the concentration of total protein. So, in the 2nd experimental group its content increased by 4.15 g / l with p <0.05, which was provided with a significant increase in globulins by 2.73 g / l (p <0.05) compared with the control group, whereas in the 3rd experimental group, the total protein content increased slightly by 0.58 g / l, the content of globulins was actually at the control level.

In the experimental groups, an increase in the albumin fraction was observed at 1.42 and 0.69 g / l relative to the control group. An increase in the albumin fraction may indicate an increase in the protein-educational function of the liver of piglets.

During the fattening period, the level of total protein was more constant, while it can be noted that with some decrease in the albumin fraction in the blood of animals in the experimental groups, the number of globulins increased, which led to a decrease in the A / G ratio (p <0.05 in the 3rd experimental group). ).

Changes in the level of urea in the blood is associated primarily with the functional state of the liver (which determines the conversion of ammonia to urea), the functional state of the kidneys (capable of excreting urea in the urine), the level of protein metabolism and, accordingly, amino acids (from which depends on the amount of ammonia formed in the body). The data show that the urea concentration in the blood of animals of the experimental groups during rearing increased by 0.47 and 0.91 mmol / l compared with the control, and during the fattening period - by 1.55 and 1.83 mmol / l, respectively.

Creatinine, like urea, is a product of protein metabolism, the content of which depends on both the protein level and the intensity of metabolism, in the synthesis of which the amino acids methionine, glycine and arginine take part. It should be noted that this indicator during the rearing period was lower among the piglets of the experimental groups by 5.69 and 8.47 mmol / l, and during the fattening period, on the contrary, increased by 4.86 and 14.85 mmol / l, compared to control group.

The study of the activity of ALT and ACT in the serum of piglets is an indicator of the usefulness of protein nutrition, the intensity of its metabolism in the body and characterizes the functional state of the liver of animals.

The study found an increase in ALT in piglets of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups of 3.17 and 3.77 IU / l, respectively, compared with the control group. At the same time, ACT slightly increased in the 2nd experimental group by 3.27 IU / l, in the 3rd - decreased by 0.49 IU / l compared to the control. During the fattening period, it is also impossible to judge about unambiguous trends in the change of transamination enzymes.

Bilirubin is one of the main components of bile. It is formed as a result of the breakdown of hemoglobin, myoglobin and cytochromes in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, spleen and liver. Total bilirubin includes direct (conjugated, bound) and indirect (unconjugated, free) bilirubin. It is believed that the increase in bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) due to the direct fraction (more than 80% of the total bilirubin is direct bilirubin) is of hepatic origin. This situation is characteristic of CVH. It may also be associated with impaired elimination of direct bilirubin due to the cytolysis of hepatocytes. An increase in concentration due to free bilirubin in the blood may indicate a volume lesion of the liver parenchyma.

The concentration of bilirubin at the end of the rearing period was significantly reduced in the blood of animals of the 2nd experimental group by 5.33 μmol / l at p <0.05, the third experimental group - by 4.41 μmol / l compared to piglets of the 1st control groups. At the end of fattening, the same trend was observed: bilirubin was lower in the blood of animals in the experimental groups by 2.21 and 0.37 mmol / l in comparison with the control.

The use of flour from the larvae of flies in the experimental groups helped to reduce the load on the liver, which is also indirectly confirmed by the level of alkaline phosphatase concentration. Alkaline phosphatase - a hydrolytic enzyme synthesized mainly in the liver - is released from the body as part of bile. It is a nonspecific enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of many phosphate esters and is present in the plasma in the form of isoenzymes. Alkaline phosphatase activity is significantly increased in diseases of the liver and bones, in particular, in osteomalacia.

In the experimental groups, this indicator during the rearing period decreased by 100.44 and 18.42 mmol / l, and during the fattening period - by 55.28 and 35.05, respectively, compared with the control.

Cholesterol, as a product of fat metabolism, is part of the protoplasm of cells, it is abundant in the tissues of the brain, peripheral nervous system, adrenal glands, sex glands and liver. Sterols serve as precursors of sex hormones, corticosteroids, bile acids, and vitamins of group D.

In the blood of animals of the 2nd experimental group, by the end of the rearing period, a decrease in cholesterol content was observed in comparison with the control group of piglets by 0.47 mmol / l, in the third - by 0.23 mmol / l, at the end of fattening this picture was reversed - in the blood of animals of the experimental cholesterol groups was 0.28 and 0.25 mmol / l more.

Triglycerides are fats that are the main source of energy for the body. Most of the triglycerides found in adipose tissue, but some of them are in the blood, providing muscles with energy.

The level of triglycerides in the piglets of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups was lower by 0.34 and 0.25 mmol / l compared with the control group of animals, which, apparently, can be associated with a more intensive growth of animals of the experimental groups.

The share of carbohydrates accounts for about 2% of the weight of body tissues. They are not only energetic, but also plastic. One of the most important parameters characterizing carbohydrate metabolism is the level of glucose in the blood of animals. Glucose is a source of energy for almost all vital physiological processes occurring in the body. Therefore, its deficiency in the blood, caused by the imbalance of diet in energy, leads to a decrease in the productive qualities of animals. Glucose accounts for more than 90% of all low-molecular carbohydrates. It serves as the main source of energy for the cells of the body.

Based on the data presented, it is possible to note a slight decrease in glucose in the 2nd experimental group by 0.32 mmol / l, whereas in the 3rd - a slight increase of 0.24 mmol / l compared with control animals, without statistically significant differences . During the fattening period, it can be noted that glucose was less in the blood of animals of the experimental groups - by 0.62 and 0.48 mmol / l, which could be associated with a somewhat more intensive growth and energy consumption.

An important role in ensuring the normal functioning of a living organism is played by mineral substances. The content of mineral elements in the body and tissues of animals under normal conditions is relatively constant.

When studying the indicators of mineral metabolism, it was found that the content of calcium and phosphorus in the serum of piglets of all groups were within the physiological norm during the period of rearing and in the period of fattening. At the same time, the calcium-phosphorus ratio in animals of the experimental groups was on average higher than in control animals by 0.09-0.17 units. during the rearing period, and by 0.04 units. during the fattening period.

About 50% of magnesium is concentrated in bone tissue, 40% in soft tissue cells and only about 1% in extracellular fluid. The use of flour from the larvae of the Hermetia Illucens fly in the experimental groups allowed to slightly increase the level of magnesium concentration in the blood by 0.03 mmol / l during the rearing period, in the absence of significant effects during the fattening period.

Iron deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and a decrease in the activity of iron-containing enzymes, which are closely associated with protein synthesis and other important cellular functions. In addition, hemoglobin iron plays an important role in the formation of the oxygen-hemoglobin complex and prolonging (increasing the duration) of its existence, sufficient time for this complex to reach the most peripheral parts of the body, where it gradually disintegrates and releases the released oxygen to the tissues. With a lack of iron, the duration of the existence of such a complex in different degrees is reduced, a state of hypoxia occurs. In this case, respiratory, work of the heart compensate, and its hypertrophy develops. In addition, iron deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in hemoglobin level and a decrease in the activity of iron-containing enzymes. Relationship differences in the concentration of iron in the blood of animals in experimental groups was not established.

Of the morphological parameters in the whole blood of an animal, erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, etc. are most often determined.

The physiological significance of these blood elements is very large. The main part of the dense residue of blood is red blood cells, which are synthesized in the red bone marrow. In the blood of mammals, the number of erythrocytes is normally 5-9 × 10 ¹² / l. In our studies, the red blood cell content in the piglets of the experimental groups increased by 1.14-0.99 × 10 ¹² / l compared with the control group at the end of the rearing period.

The most important function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. In this case, the primary role belongs to hemoglobin as a unique transport protein. The hemoglobin content in the blood of piglets of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups was higher than the control values by 11.26 and 10.56 g / l during the period of rearing. Hemoglobin saturation of erythrocytes indicates an increase in redox processes in the tissues of the body of piglets that received different levels of flour from the Hermetia Illucens larvae. Red blood cells passively adsorb a large number of antigens that enter the body, such as bacterial polysaccharides, penicillin, etc. This to a certain extent prevents the massive entry of antigens into the organs of immunogenesis. Consequently, red blood cells are a kind of buffer system that regulates the activity of the immune response.

Leukocytes in the animal's body perform a protective function, that is, they form a cellular immunity in the body, and for individual uniform elements, it is possible to judge the acute and chronic course of the infectious process, the parasitic nature of damage to the host organism and to characterize many other physiological processes. Leukocytes freely migrate from vessels into tissues, identifying and destroying foreign protein-containing formations (viruses, bacteria, etc.), as well as damaged cells of their own tissues. The level of leukocytes in piglets of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups was higher than the control values by 3.92 and 6.11 × 10 ⁹ / l, respectively, during the rearing period and by 0.85 × 10 ⁹ / l in pigs of the 2nd experimental groups in the fattening period.

Thus, hematological blood parameters of piglets from the experimental group who received 1 and 3 g / goal. per day in the period of growing and 3 and 9 g / goal. per day during the fattening period of the flour from the larvae of the Hermetia Illucens fly, testify in general to an improvement in the anabolic processes in their body.

Physiological studies revealed a significant dependence on improving the digestibility of crude fiber in piglet groups, where flour was fed from fly larvae (p <0.05, the 3rd experimental group versus control).

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

Lysis - the dissolution of cells and their systems, including microorganisms, under the influence of various agents, for example, enzymes, bacteriolysins, bacteriophages, antibiotics. During the rearing period, the% lysis in animals of the 3rd experimental group exceeded the control values by 4.45%. The upward trend in% lysis can be noted when analyzing the data at the end of the fattening period. Under the influence of the studied factor, this indicator significantly exceeded the control by 12.38 and 14.28%, in animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, respectively (Table 12).

The leading role in the natural non-specific immunity belongs to lysozyme. Lysozyme is a thermostable mucolytic enzyme type protein. Produced by blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. Lysozyme stimulates phagocytosis of neutrophils and macrophages, the synthesis of antibodies, and is also able to destroy the lipopolysaccharide surface layers of the cell walls of most bacteria. Reducing the titer of lysozyme, or its disappearance in the blood leads to the occurrence of an infectious disease. The content of lysozyme in the piglet blood of the 3rd experimental group increased by 0.18 µg / l compared with the control group at the end of the rearing period. At the end of the fattening period, the amount of lysozyme in the blood of animals of the experimental groups was higher by 0.98 and 1.04 (p <0.05) µg / l, in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively.

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

According to Table 13, during the rearing period in the 2nd and 3rd experimental piglets the number of bifidobacteria in the colon contents was significantly higher in 3012.3 and 12.67 compared with the control group of animals. Also during the fattening period, the number of bifidobacteria in the intestinal contents of the experimental groups was 1.3-1.6 times higher. The number of lactobacilli differed between the groups insignificantly, both during the rearing period and during the final fattening period.

In general, the use of flour from the larvae of the Hermetia Illucens fly influenced the microbiological indices of the contents of the large intestine section of the test piglets, an increase in beneficial microorganisms — bifidobacteria — deserves special attention, both during the rearing period and during the final fattening period.

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

The scientific and economic experience was carried out, on the basis of Bryansk Meat-Packing Plant LLC (Bryansk Region), the feeding scheme and the recipe of the SK-4 feed used in the household were used. The composition and nutritional value of feed SK-4 are given in table. 14.

Feed production was carried out on the site for the preparation of feed. The studied additive from fly larvae was introduced and mixed with feed immediately before feeding at the pig complex. The daily dosage (3 g / head.) Was mixed with the daily dose of feed and mixed in a mixer. Feed loading was done manually.

During the period of scientific and business experience group weighting of animals was conducted (at the beginning and end of the experiment), as well as individually (10 animals from each group also at the beginning and end of the experiment) to assess the reliability of the results obtained. Estimated livestock safety and feed consumption for the experience. The results are shown in table 15.

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

The results indicate that the safety in the experimental group was 100%, in contrast to the control, where there was a dropout of 1 head. It should also be noted that, in general, in the control group, in some cases, during the period of experience, the use of an antibiter was required (Enroxil). In the experimental group, antibiotic injections were not applied.

For the period of the experiment (31 days), the animals of the experimental group had higher growth rates than in the control. Thus, the weighing of the total livestock at the beginning and end of the experiment showed that the MSP in animals of the experimental group was higher than the control by 10.2%, and amounted to 585.71 against 531.57 g. It should be noted that the MSP of the control group was within the values ( 520-550 g) obtained in LLC Bryansk Meat Processing Plant on a group of growing piglets. Individual weighting of control samples (n = 10) of animals from each group showed an additional increase in LM (+ 8.3%) in the whole animal array, which was confirmed by the reliability of the data (p <0.05).

It should be noted that against the background of the best growth of animals from the experimental group, feed consumption was slightly higher in this group as well (+ 0.4%). At the same time, the calculation of feed costs per unit of the obtained increase showed a significant decrease in this indicator in the experimental group compared to the control - by 9.8%.

At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from animals in experimental groups (n = 5) to study metabolic indices (Table 16).

Significantly when * - p <0.05.

The study of blood indices indicates that, in general, they were within the physiological norms characteristic of an intensively growing, rearing young pigs. Some indicators had some differences in the experimental groups.

So, it should be noted that the concentration of total protein was virtually the same in the blood of animals of both experimental groups (72.4-73.6 g / l, at a rate of 46-73 g / l), while in the blood of pigs from the experimental group positive (p <0.05) the difference in the concentration of albumin, the ratio of protein fractions was also more optimal (0.91 versus 0.65, p <0.05). A higher concentration of urea was noted in the blood of animals of the experimental group - by 24.7% (p> 0.05) (at a rate of 3.4–9.4 mmol / l), creatinine - by 22.1% (p> 0 , 05) (at a rate of 67-90 mmol / l), ACT - by 25.8% (p> 0.05) (at a rate of 13-95 IU / l), which may indicate increased metabolism, protein synthesis in in animals of the experimental group, which correlates with an increase in the gains of their LM during the period of the experiment. Slightly higher in the blood of animals of the experimental group was the concentration of glucose - by 5.2% (p> 0.05), which could possibly be due to the increased need of the young for additional energy for growth. An increase in alkaline phosphatase concentration by 33.9% (p> 0.05) (422.5 versus 315.6, at a rate of 70-858 mmol / l) may also indicate a stronger bone marrow metabolism in the experimental group. Given that the ratio of Ca and P in the blood of piglets of the experimental groups was generally the same - 0.92 versus 0.90, the concentration of Ca and P in the blood of animals of the experimental group was higher (p <0.05) - by 7.2 and 4.7% (at a rate of 1.8-3.7 and 2.3-4.8 mmol / l), respectively.

It should be noted that the increase in the blood of animals in the experimental group showed an iron concentration of 1.6 times (p <0.05) (33.74 versus 21.34, at a rate of 13-540 mmol / l), which is associated with improved oxygen transport to the tissues and excretion of carbon dioxide through the lungs through hemoglobin, increasing the level of redox reactions.

According to the results of scientific and business experience: indicators of gross growth, the number of fed mixed feeds, additives, and their cost, the economic effect and the possibility of recoupment of feed meal from the larvae of the Hermetia Illucens fly were calculated (Table 17). The cost of flour from fly larvae was adopted in the amount of 1000.00 rubles / kg.

* Feed costs only

It was found that the increase in the cost of compound feeds due to the introduction of flour from fly larvae into the compound feed pays off with the additional gain in live weight. Additional profit when using flour from fly larvae can be 1.26 rubles / head / day.

The invention is applicable on farms and complexes when growing young farm animals.

Claims (1)

The method of feeding young farm animals, characterized in that flour from the larva of the Hermetia illucens fly is additionally introduced into the ration in micro doses, while for calves 7 g / head / day is used, for young pigs at the rearing stage - 1.0-3.0 g / head / day, and at the fattening stage - 3.0-9.0 g / head / day.