RU2577396C1 - Premix for broiler chickens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used during feeding farm birds, in particular broiler chickens. Premix for broiler chickens contains A, D₃, E, K, B₁, B₂, B₃, B₄, B₅, B₆, B₁₂, B_c, biotin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, calcium carbonate, potassium, sodium, chlorine, cobalt, natugrain TS, cellobacterine-t, santohin. All components are taken in a certain proportion. Premix is administered in a dose of 1.5% per ton of forage.

EFFECT: premix promotes reducing the fattening period and increase of broiler chickens live weight at reduction of fodders consumption per unit of growth.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for feeding poultry, in particular broiler chickens.

Increased poultry productivity, improved product quality, a significant increase in the use of feed nutrients, flow rate, mechanization and automation, high profitability, a sharp increase in labor productivity are the main signs of industrial technology for the production of poultry products.

The problem of full-fledged feeding of farm birds in recent years has become increasingly important, so it is impossible to ensure a high level of full-fledged feeding without the use of a complex of biologically active substances, such as amino acids, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, etc.

However, practice shows that the introduction of individual biologically active substances directly into the feed is less effective than the use of these substances in the form of premixes.

Premix is a filler enriched with biologically active substances. As a filler use calcium carbonate, waste milling, oil extraction production, etc.

Compositions of premixes are developed on the basis of modern scientific research on the needs of the bird's body for energy, protein, amino acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements, enzymes and other nutrients, taking into account the cross, species, gender, age and level of productivity of the bird.

Known premix and method of its application, including trace elements, other biologically active substances and a filler, while as a filler it contains dried Japanese kelp with a particle size of 0.4-1.2 mm or a mixture of dried Japanese kelp with a carbohydrate-protein plant component - bran, or chopped grain, or meal, or meal, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Japanese kelp 50-55, carbohydrate-protein plant component 45-50. The premix according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried Japanese kelp introduced as a filler is a source of the iodine trace element. A method of feeding laying hens and broiler chickens, characterized in that a premix according to claim 1 or 2 is added to the feed at the rate of 1% by weight of the feed, and feeding to laying hens is carried out in cycles of 14-30 days with an interval of 7-14 days or continuously, broiler chickens - continuously. The feeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that when continuously feeding to laying hens or broiler chickens aged 1 to 28 days, a premix with a filler consisting of a mixture of dried Japanese kelp and a carbohydrate-protein plant component is used; when cyclically fed to laying hens and broiler chickens older than 28 days old - premix with filler from dried Japanese kelp (RF patent No. 2374899, publ. 10.12.2009).

Known premix, including vitamins A, D ₃ , E, K, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B _c , B ₁₂ , N, C, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, filler, at the same time, it additionally contains staphak-500 feed antibiotic, selenium, and organic filler as a filler in the following ratio of components, wt. per natural substance:

Vitamin A 0.001-0.01

Vitamin D ₃ 0.001-0.0002

Vitamin Ε 0.01-0.05

Vitamin K 0.001-0.005

Vitamin B ₁ 0.001-0.005

Vitamin B ₂ 0,001-0,008

Vitamin B ₃ 0.01-0.05

Vitamin B ₄ 0.5-1.5

Vitamin B ₅ 0.01-0.08

Vitamin B ₆ 0,001-0,008

Vitamin B _c 0.001-0.005

Vitamin B ₁₂ 0.00005-0.0001

Vitamin H 0.001-0.0002

Vitamin C 0.01-0.2

Iron 0.5-3.0

Manganese 0.1-1.0

Copper 0.001-0.008

Zinc 0.1-1.0

Cobalt 0.001-0.009

Iodine 0.001-0.006

Selenium 0.0002-0.0005

Stafak-500 0.1-0.5

Organic Sapropel - Else

The premix according to claim 1, wherein, as a source of vitamins B _c and H, iron, iodine, selenium, an antioxidant, it contains organic sapropel (RF patent No. 2096969, publ. 11/27/1997).

There is a known method of feeding broiler chickens, including the main feed mixture, a vitamin-mineral premix based on sapropel, while the filler in the premix uses sapropel with a moisture content of 20-25%, obtained from lakes in the Omsk region, and the premix is introduced into the main feed mixture in an amount of 1% (RF patent No. 2438347, publ. 10.01.2012).

Known premix taken as a prototype, including vitamins A, D ₃ , E, K, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , B _s , biotin, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, filler, while additionally containing macroelements calcium and phosphorus, a balanced complex of amino acids lysine, methionine and threonine, anti-coccidal drugs clinakox and coccisan, enzyme preparations xibitene-cel and natufos 10000, a synergistic mixture of antioxidants endox, as a feed antibiotic use bacilichin 120, use calcium carbonate as a filler in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Vitamin A 0,190-0,200 Vitamin D ₃ 0.006-0.009 Vitamin E 2,941-3,011 Vitamin K 0.147-1.500 Vitamin B ₁ 0,098-0,100 Vitamin B ₂ 0.392-0.400 Vitamin B ₃ 0.869-0.874 Vitamin B ₄ 19,609-19,614 Vitamin B ₅ 1,560-1,569 Vitamin B ₆ 0,196-0,200 Vitamin B ₁₂ 0.001-0.002 Vitamin B _c 0,098-0,103 Biotin 0.01-0.013 Iron 3,565-3,572 Copper 1,114-1,117 Zinc 4,456-4,461 Manganese 4,452-4,458 Iodine 0,045-0,052 Selenium 0.013-0.018 Ca 0,020-0,021 R 0.007-0.008 Lysine 0,020-0,024 Methionine 0.014-0.019 Threonine 0.002-0.003 Bacilichin 120 7,345-7,347 Clinacox 1,589-1,593 Xibiten-tsel 7,142-7,147 Nutafos 10000 5,982-5,985 Endox 1,081-1,086 Koktsisan 0.155-0.157 Calcium carbonate rest,

while the premix is administered at a dose of 3% per ton of feed (RF patent No. 2514642, publ. 04/27/2014).

Common disadvantages of the known technical solutions is the unbalanced composition of premixes for wheat and barley mixed feeds in accordance with the requirements of the HUBBARD ISA cross. Sapropel and kelp, used as a filler, require additional costs for transportation and drying, which increases the complexity of the preparation and the final cost of the premix. In the premix recipe, the vitamin and mineral composition with regard to the filler is not studied.

The problem to which this invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of poultry meat production by developing a new premix composition for broiler chickens of the HUBBARD ISA cross.

EFFECT: development of a new balanced premix for wheat-barley mixed feeds for feeding broiler chickens of the HUBBARD ISA cross-breed, which helps to reduce the feeding time, increase live weight while reducing feed costs per growth unit.

The technical result is achieved by a premix for broiler chickens containing vitamins A, D ₃ , E, K, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , B _c , biotin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, DL-Methionine, L-Threonine and calcium carbonate, it additionally contains potassium, sodium, chlorine, cobalt, Natugrain TS, cellobacterin-T, Santokhin, DL- is used as methionine Methionine, L-Threonine is used as threonine at the stated ratio of components, while the premix is administered at a dose of 1.5% per ton of feed.

The salient features of the claimed premix are its qualitative and quantitative composition, its dosing per ton of feed for broiler chickens “HUBBARD ISA”.

The claimed quantitative characteristics of the components are selected experimentally. The range of values provides a balanced premix for broiler chickens cross "HUBBARD ISA". Reducing or increasing the specified quantitative interval entails a deterioration in the performance of the declared premix.

Vitamin A provides the normal growth and development of poultry, high productivity, and regulates metabolism. The effect of vitamin A on many metabolic processes is associated with its participation in the functions of biological membranes.

Vitamin D _{3 is} necessary to regulate the synthesis of calcium-binding protein, activation of skeletal calcium metabolism. In chickens, distinct signs of vitamin deficiency appear after 2-3 weeks and are characterized by growth retardation, decreased motor activity, and impaired coordination of movement. The plumage of birds is poor, feathers are tousled, beak, claws and keel are soft, flexible.

Vitamin E, having an antioxidant effect, has a versatile effect on metabolism. The main signs of manifestation of vitamin Ε deficiency in birds are encephalomalacia, muscle dystrophy with necrosis of muscle cells, ataxia and paralysis (the condition worsens if the feed is deficient in methionine and cystine); exudative diathesis with edema and hemorrhage in the subcutaneous fat due to increased capillary permeability.

Vitamin K in birds is not sufficiently synthesized in the intestines. Symptoms of insufficiency are manifested in the presence of antagonists in feed, inhibiting the growth of microflora in the large intestine and, consequently, the synthesis of vitamin K. The causes of secondary vitamin K deficiency can be coccidiosis and disorders of fat metabolism. A characteristic feature of K-vitamin deficiency is hemorrhagic diathesis. Vitamin K is essential for maintaining normal blood coagulation in broiler chickens. With a lack of vitamin K, little prothrombin is formed in the liver, its concentration in the blood decreases and blood coagulation slows down, while hemorrhages are observed in the neck, chest, wings, limbs and other places. The content of vitamin K in animal feed helps to increase live weight and carcass quality.

Vitamin B ₁ (thiamine) is called an anti-aneurysm vitamin. With a deficiency in the diet of this vitamin, the absorption of carbohydrates in the body is delayed at the stage of pyruvic acid, which accumulates in the blood, exhibiting a toxic effect, and water, fat and protein metabolism are disturbed. The bird has a loss of appetite, digestive upset, significant changes in the nervous system, polyneuritis appears, growth stops, the activity of the cardiovascular system is disrupted.

Vitamin B ₂ (riboflavin). In the body of a bird, riboflavin takes part in the synthesis of many enzymes that provide redox processes in cells. With a lack of riboflavin feed, chick growth is sharply delayed and limb paralysis is observed.

Vitamin B ₃ (pantothenic acid). Otherwise, vitamin B ₃ is called the bird's antidermal factor. A deficiency in the body of the bird of vitamin B ₃ leads to versatile changes in the metabolism and is accompanied by damage to the skin, nervous system, blood, digestive tract and reproductive organs. The content of vitamin B ₃ in animal feed contributes to the increase in live weight and improve the quality of the final product.

Vitamin B ₄ (choline) in the animal body takes part in the exchange of phospholipids and sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cystine and cysteine), is part of acetylcholine, the most important transmitter of nervous excitation. Signs of choline deficiency in poultry diets are poor body weight gain and fatty liver infiltration resulting from impaired lipid (fat) and carbohydrate metabolism.

Vitamin B ₅ (nicotinic acid) with a deficiency in poultry causes pellagra - peeling of the skin on the limbs, near the eyes and beak, paralysis occurs, slow plumage is observed, and the growth of broiler chickens is slowed down.

Vitamin B ₆ (pyridoxine). The biological role of pyridoxine is determined by its participation in the amino acid metabolism and the construction of the glycogen-breaking phosphorylase enzyme. Vitamin B ₆ is directly involved in protein, carbohydrate, fat and mineral metabolism. In birds, pyridoxine deficiency reduces the efficiency of the use of feed protein, causes disturbances in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, which leads to a decrease in body weight, paralysis, discoordination of movements, chickens "sit down" on their legs, in severe cases they are outstretched, their head is thrown back.

Vitamin B ₁₂ (cyancobalamin) is an antianemic factor, it plays a significant role in the process of blood formation, the work of the red bone marrow and the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. It contains cobalt. Insufficient supply of vitamin B ₁₂ to poultry causes malignant anemia (anemia) in them, accompanied by a sharp decrease in body weight, cessation of growth and complete depletion of the body due to the low digestion of plant-based feed proteins.

Vitamin B _c (folic acid) is essential for the body to form red blood cells and white blood cells. Folic acid stimulates growth and plumage in birds. With its deficiency, feather cover is depigmented and limb diseases occur, because of anemia, growth slows down, and increased mortality is observed.

Vitamin H (biotin) is part of the transcarboxylase enzymes that regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide and the formation of organic compounds (urea, purines) from it. With biotin deficiency, a bird develops a kind of seborrheic dermatitis, bleeding cracks appear on its paws, and the skin condition at the base of the beak changes. Bones undergo changes resembling perosis. The imbalance of premix for biotin helps to reduce body weight.

Calcium is found mainly in bones in the form of phosphate and carbonate salts. Calcium ions are necessary for the normal functioning of the heart, participate in the regulation of muscle and nervous activity, increase the protective functions of the body. Calcium deficiency in the diet of young animals leads to rickets. At the heart of the disease is a disorder of bone mineralization processes. This leads to impaired growth, curvature of the spine, ribs, tubular bones and beak. Broiler chickens with a lack of calcium develop osteoporosis, which negatively affects the increase in live weight of broiler chickens.

Phosphorus is found in all tissues of the body and is an indispensable component of its internal environment. The main part of phosphorus in the form of calcium phosphate is in the skeleton. Phosphoric acid is part of many coenzymes. Deficiency of phosphorus in the diets of broiler chickens leads to a decrease in gain in live weight, the development of rickets.

Potassium is found mainly in body fluids and soft tissues, where it is a necessary element for maintaining osmotic pressure, regulating the reaction of blood and tissue fluid. With a lack of potassium in the feed, broiler chickens grow poorly, a perverse appetite and increased irritability appear, a disturbance in cardiac activity (arrhythmia, low blood pressure - hypotension) is observed, and liver and kidney functions are disturbed.

Sodium is the main cation of the extracellular environment. It is necessary for building tissues, maintaining osmotic pressure, regulating water, mineral, nitrogen and fat metabolism. Sodium does not perform any specific function in the body, but it is necessary for the normal functioning of tissues. The lack of sodium in the premix reduces the live weight of broiler chickens.

Chlorine is part of the gastric juice. It is found in the tissues of the kidneys, lungs, spleen, skin, cartilage and is part of the blood. In the body of a bird, chlorine provides the release of hydrochloric acids, complex gastric juices necessary for the digestion of food, and is involved in osmotic regulation. The lack of chlorine in feeding broiler chickens reduces the gain in live weight.

Iron is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, participates in redox reactions, and is part of cytochrome cata- lases, oxidases, and peroxidases. The lack of iron in the body of the bird adversely affects the increase in live weight.

Copper catalyzes the incorporation of iron into the heme structure, is a regulator of the maturation of red blood cells, and a component of many oxidases. Copper is necessary for the normal keratinization of the pen. The lack of copper in the diets reduces the live weight of poultry, in particular broiler chickens.

Zinc is a part of many enzymes, and also participate in the processes of bone formation, hematopoiesis, shell formation and plumage, affects the growth, development and reproductive function of the body. Zinc deficiency is found in poultry with an excess of calcium in the diet.

Cobalt is involved in hematopoiesis, plays the role of an activator of enzymes in the metabolism. The physiological effect of cobalt is due to its presence in the vitamin B ₁₂ molecule. The lack of cobalt in feeding broiler chickens leads to a slowdown in growth.

Iodine is an essential element in poultry feeding. The physiological role of iodine is associated with its participation in the formation of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone. Thyroxine controls the state of energy metabolism and the level of heat production in the bird's body. With a lack of iodine in the feed, the thyroid gland function is disturbed, it increases in size and the so-called endemic goiter is formed. Iodine helps to increase the live weight of broiler chickens.

Selenium is part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which is produced in large quantities in the liver and detoxifies fat peroxides, protecting cell and subcellular membranes from destruction by peroxides. In this regard, selenium together with vitamin Ε plays the role of an antioxidant agent. Selenium deficiency leads to a decrease in serum glutathione peroxidase, unexpected death, liver necrosis, swelling of the large intestine, mucous and submucous stomach, skeletal muscle dystrophy (“pale meat”), spotting and dystrophy of the heart muscles, and weakening of the immune system. Selenium contributes to the preservation, growth and development of poultry and improve the quality of carcasses.

Lysine has a special place in poultry feeding. Lysine is necessary for the growth and development of birds (the formation of skeletal tissues and enzymes), absorption of calcium and the formation of plumage. Increases the digestibility of feed nutrients, which leads to a decrease in feed consumption per unit of production.

DL-Methionine is involved in many metabolic processes, especially associated with the formation of plumage of birds, improves feed absorption. DL-Methionine has a lipotropic effect, protecting against the accumulation of fat in the liver and its fatty degeneration. With a lack of methionine in the diet of broiler chickens, the gain in live weight deteriorates and the feed consumption per unit of increase increases.

L-Threonine promotes the growth of skeletal muscle, is part of immune proteins and digestive enzymes, and regulates feed intake. The animal body needs to receive threonine with food proteins. In the process of metabolism, threonine is converted to glycine and acetic aldehyde. Balancing the premix for threonine helps to reduce feed costs per unit of growth.

Natugrain TS is an enzyme preparation with a universal spectrum of action. The main active enzyme activities are xylanase and glucanase. Auxiliary enzymes such as cellulase, protease and hemicellulase enhance the action of the enzyme. The available activities can reduce the viscosity of the feed, increase the content of digestible nutrients, as well as create diets with a high content of glucans and arabinoxylans that occur when the input rate of individual components, such as wheat and barley, is increased. The use of Natugrain TS enzyme allows you to expand the range of feed components used and their input rate, significantly reducing the cost of feed and feed consumption per unit of increase.

Cellobacterin-T is a probiotic drug. Its inclusion in the feed of broiler chickens from the first days of life to slaughter has a positive effect on their growth rate, safety, slaughter yield and carcass quality, species composition of microorganisms in the poultry digestive tract.

Santokhin is a powerful antioxidant that not only inhibits the processes of radical formation in the body, but also neutralizes the toxic products of autooxidation (epoxy, oxy compounds) of tissue lipids that are formed at the same time, as well as significantly increases the A and E vitamin supply of the bird, and is most effective for the prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia (E-vitamin deficiency) chickens. Santokhin increases live weight and reduces feed costs per unit of growth.

Calcium carbonate is an inorganic chemical compound, a salt of carbonic acid and calcium. With its introduction, uniform mixing of all premix components is achieved.

Thus, a balanced premix for broiler chickens meets the requirements of the HUBBARD ISA cross (HUBBARD ISA broiler rearing guide Access mode: http://forum.fermer.by/index.php?act=attach&id=36184&type=post) .

Examples of specific performance. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed premix, an experiment was conducted on broilers of the HUBBARD ISA cross in the conditions of the Kumylzhenskaya poultry farm in the Kumylzhensky district of the Volgograd region. Throughout the experiment, the safety of the broiler chickens was taken into account, weighing was carried out, the average daily gain in live weight was determined, and feed was recorded. The premix was obtained by mixing the claimed components in the declared amount and introduced into the diet of broiler chickens in the amount of 1.5% per ton of feed. Comparative data with the prototype are shown in the table.

The level of profitability from the use of 1.5% premix was 31.59%.

Thus, the claimed premix significantly affects the safety of the bird, the increase in live weight of broiler chickens, and as a result - the increase in slaughter yield, and also allows to reduce the time of feeding and reduce feed costs and production costs.

Claims (1)

Premix for broiler chickens containing vitamins A, D ₃ , E, K, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , B _s , biotin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper , zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, DL-Methionine, L-Threonine and calcium carbonate, while additionally containing potassium, sodium, chlorine, cobalt, Natugrain TS, cellobacterin-T, Santokhin, DL-Metionin is used as methionine, in as threonine use L-Threonine in the following ratio,%:
Vitamin A 0.286-0.313 Vitamin D ₃ 0.018-0.021 Vitamin E 3,195-3,198 Vitamin K 0,119-1,124 Vitamin B ₁ 0.102-0.107 Vitamin B ₂ 0.407-0.414 Vitamin B ₃ 0.873-0.878 Vitamin B ₄ 20,109-20,115 Vitamin B ₅ 1,637-1,649 Vitamin B ₆ 0.206-0.208 Vitamin B ₁₂ 0.003-0.005 Vitamin B _s 1.004-1.007 Biotin 0.023-0.035 Calcium 0,023-0,028 Phosphorus 0.011-0.014 Potassium 0.015-0.017 Sodium 0.003-0.004 Chlorine 0.001-0.002 Iron 2,639-2,683 Copper 1,679-1,694 Zinc 4,537-4,549 Cobalt 0.126-0.134 Iodine 0,053-0,061 Selenium 0.021-0.022 Lysine 4,332-4,338 DL-methionine 2,915-2,927 L-Threonine 2,002-2,016 Natugrain TS 6,713-6,734 Cellobacterin-T 9,836-9,851 Santokhin 8,117-8,126 Calcium carbonate rest
while the premix is administered at a dose of 1.5% per ton of feed.