RU2819790C1 - Feed additive for farm animals and birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology; agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a composition of a fodder additive with probiotic activity, and can be used in the preparation of fodders for farm animals and poultry. Fodder additive contains activated zeolite produced in a three-circuit drying drum, beet molasses and culinary salt. Additionally introduced are inoculates of fermented grain with Fusarium sambucinum var. sambucinum 52434 VKPM F-139 10⁸ CFU/ml and Trichoderma reesei LA-531 VKPM F-184 10⁸ CFU/ml, as well as bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei VKPM V-2430 10⁸ CFU/ml.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase the young stock safety and increase the live weight gain.

1 cl, 6 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology and agriculture, namely to the composition of a feed additive with probiotic activity and can be used in the preparation of feed for farm animals and poultry.

Feed additives for animals and poultry, including natural zeolite, are widely known (see Patents RU No. 2798877, IPC A23K 50/10, A23K 20/28, publ.: 06.28.2023. Bulletin No. 19; RU No. 2708161, IPC A23K 10 /16, A23K 10/30, publ.: 12/05/2019. Bulletin No. 34; RU No. 2529706, IPC A23K 1/175, 09/27/2014; RU No. 2484640 C1, A23K 1/00, 06/20/2013; 2467591 C1, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/00, 11/27/2012; 2448472 C2, A23K 1/175, 04/27/2012 No. 2390254 C1, A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175 , 05.27.2010; RU No. 2385623 C2, A23K 1/175, 04.10.2010; RU No. 2354359, IPC A61K 31/00, published: 05.10.2009 Bulletin No. 13; C1 , A23K 1/00, A23K 1/175, 12/10/2009; RU No. 2262863 C2, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175, 10/27/2005), etc.

Zeolites are natural minerals belonging to the group of framework aluminosilicates. The biological activity of zeolites is associated with their sorption properties, the ability to remove radioactive substances, heavy metals and various toxins from the body. Prevents the absorption of lipid particles in the intestine, zeolites reduce the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood.

Recently, Fusarium sambucinum mushrooms have become widely used to obtain biologically active products, which are capable of utilizing lactose and producing a wide range of biologically active substances, vitamins, enzymes, coenzymes, glycans, etc., which have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and strengthen the immune system. . Feed additives containing Fusarium sambucinum are widely known from the prior art (see Patents RU No. 2650689, IPC A23K 10/12, A23K 10/16, publ.: 04/17/2018. Bulletin No. 11; RU No. 2538116, IPC A23K 1/16, published: 01.10.2015. Bulletin No. 1; RU No. 2286066, IPC A23K 1/16, published: 10.27.2006; RU No. 2040932, IPC A61K 35/70 09.08.1995) etc.

The use of microorganisms of the genus Trichoderma has also found wide application in feed production (see Patents RU No. 2612783, IPC A23K 10/16, published: 03/13/2017. Bulletin No. 8; RU No. 2501306, IPC A23K 1/14, published: 12/20 .2013. Bull. No. 35; RU No. 2499419, IPC A23K 1/16, publ. , publ.: November 27, 2013. Bull. No. 2497375, IPC A23K 1/00, publ.: November 10, 2013. Bull. No. 2499409, IPC A23K 1/12, publ.: November 27, 2013. Bulletin No. 33), etc.

Feed additives with molasses in their composition are widely used in feed production (see Patent RU No. 2797587, IPC A23K 10/18, publ.: 06/07/2023. Bulletin No. 16; RU No. 2762427, IPC A23K 10/16, publ. : 12/21/2021. Bulletin No. 36; RU No. 2759304, IPC A23K 10/28, publ.: 11/11/2021. 10.14.2021. Bulletin No. 29; RU No. 2421014, IPC A23K 1/16, publ.: 06.20.2011. Bulletin No. 2326547, IPC IPC A23K 10/40, publ.: 06.20.2008 Bulletin No. 17), etc.

Molasses is a high-energy and highly digestible feed material. The dry matter content of molasses ranges from 60 to 80% and is typically around 65%. The chemical composition of molasses is soluble saccharides - mainly sucrose, as well as small amounts of glucose, fructose and raffinose, minerals (about 10% crude ash) and non-protein nitrogen compounds. Molasses contains about 35-45% sugar. The sugars contained in it are absorbed by ruminants and pigs by more than 90%. Molasses has a positive effect on the productivity of cows: it increases the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter of the diet, stimulates microbial activity in the rumen, has a positive effect on animal feed consumption, improves the taste of the diet, increases the protein content in milk and milk yield.

There is a known method of preparing feed additives for cattle (see Patent RU No. 2335920, published: 10.20.2008. Bulletin No. 29), containing a mineral component, including microelements: copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt carbonate, potassium iodide, iron sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, as well as vitamins A, D, E, table salt, by mixing and packaging the resulting product. The product is prepared as follows: first, binder molasses is prepared, which is heated to 30-40°C and a mixture of mineral components is added to it; after thorough mixing, the resulting mass is laid out in containers and cooled at room temperature to form briquettes - licks.

There is a well-known feed complex biologically active additive for animals and birds, which contains zeolite powder, a probiotic, including biomass of lactic acid bacteria selected from Lactobacillus acidophilus, or Propionobacterium freundenreichii, or Bifidobacterium longum, or Bifidobacterium adolescentis, or Streptococcus termophilus with a titer of at least 10 ⁹ CFU/ml, freshwater microalgae chlorella, feed glucose and cereal bran, taken in a certain ratio (see patent RU 2708161, IPC A23K 10/16, A23K 10/30, A23K 20/28, publ.: 12/05/2019. Bulletin No. 34). The disadvantage of the known dietary supplement is the lack of increase in the body’s nonspecific resistance, as well as the body’s resistance under conditions of influence on the body of a different nature.

A lick feed additive for sheep and goats is known from the prior art (see Patent RU No. 2759304, IPC A23K 10/40, publ.: 11.11.2021. Bulletin No. 32), characterized by the fact that it contains activated zeolite, beet molasses , table salt, monocalcium phosphate, granulated sugar, premix P-80-1 and quicklime, at certain mass ratios. %.

A carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral lick concentrate for calves is known from the prior art (see Patent RU No. 2796936, IPC A23K 50/10, publ.: 05.29.2023. Bulletin No. 16), which contains activated zeolite, table salt, molasses beetroot, monocalcium phosphate, granulated sugar, vitamin-mineral premix P-62 and quicklime in certain proportions; taken as a prototype.

General disadvantages include the presence in feed additives of a large proportion of molasses, which, under the influence of air moisture, contributes to the rapid absorption of moisture by the product, its swelling and crumbling; to produce such lick briquettes, it is necessary to have a special multi-stage expensive production line; as well as the presence of quicklime, when using a high dose of heated quicklime with molasses, there is a risk of uncontrolled hardening of the mixture into a solid mass that cannot be subsequently poured into the mold; During transportation there is a danger of their separation; vitamins can decompose during storage together with aggressive microelements. And also a big disadvantage is the lack of stimulation of metabolism and normalization of metabolic processes, as well as an increase in the body’s resistance under conditions of exposure to stress factors of various natures.

The purpose of the invention is to develop a feed additive for farm animals and poultry, aimed at eliminating these disadvantages.

To achieve this goal, a composition of a feed additive for farm animals and poultry has been developed, characterized by the fact that it contains activated zeolite obtained in a three-circuit drying drum, beet molasses, table salt, additionally added inoculum of fermented grain with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml and Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml, as well as the bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.10 ⁸ CFU/ml, with the following quantitative ratio of the initial components, wt. %:

Fermented grain inoculum with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 30.0-30.4 Fermented grain inoculum with Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 12.0-12.4 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 6.00-6.2 Beet molasses 28.0-29.0 Sodium chloride 4.0-4.6 Zeolite powder rest

The declared feed additive is obtained by preliminary mechanical mixing of the components.

Numerous studies show that the introduction into the feed additive of inocula of fermented wheat grain and filamentous fungi F. sambucinum and Trichoderma reesei and biomass of bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, at a concentration of 10 ⁸ CFU/ml, allows:

increase the protein component with essential amino acids by one and a half times or more;

- reduce the amount of fiber with a directly proportional increase in monosaccharides;

- synthesize vitamins D, E, PP and the entire group of vitamins B during the life of microflora;

- enrich the feed with enzymes that promote the breakdown of fiber and proteins.

It has a positive effect on maintaining the stability of beneficial microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, since in fermented feed the microflora is a natural probiotic. Fermented feed may enhance the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby helping to exclude enteric pathogens.

When choosing microorganisms for cultivation, their specific properties were taken into account. Filamentous fungi are best suited for the fermentation of cereals due to their physiological, enzymological and biochemical properties. The characteristic mode of growth of fungi allows filamentous fungi to penetrate solid substrates, which also gives them a major advantage over single-celled microorganisms for colonizing the substrate and utilizing available nutrients. In addition, their ability to grow in conditions of low moisture content and high osmotic pressure makes fungi effective and competitive in the natural microflora for the bioconversion of solid substrates.

Biomass of a monoculture of the higher fungus Fusarium sambucinum var. sambucinum 52434, registration number in the VKPM collection: F-139, contains low-molecular oligopeptide compounds, alkaline oligopeptides, 18 amino acids (including essential tryptophan, lysine, methionine), the content of aspartic and glutamic amino acids approaches their content in animal proteins; unsaturated fatty acids (50% - linolenic acid); carbohydrates are represented by glycans, organic acids (including malic, citric, succinic); B vitamins (folic acid), nicotinic acid and ubiquinones Q6, Q9, Q10. Mineral composition - 22 vital micro- and macroelements. Has a general strengthening effect. Increases the body's resistance to adverse effects (environmental pollution, the influence of pathogenic microflora, exposure to high and low temperatures, toxic effects of ethanol, etc.). Increases physical and mental performance, and also accelerates the body’s recovery after endured stress and diseases of various etiologies. It has a hepatoprotective effect, normalizes impaired detoxification and protein-forming function of the liver. (State register of medicines. Official publication: in 2 volumes - M.: Medical Council, 2009. - Vol. 2, part 1 - 568 pp.; part 2 - 560 pp.)

Trichoderma reesei strain LA-531 registration number in the VKPM collection: F-184, soil isolate, producer of cellulases and hemicellulases, used to obtain feed protein on a cellulose-containing substrate (straw). The producer is used in the feed industry for hydrolysis processes that contain xylan. The strains of the fungus Trichoderma reesei used are not genetically modified and are classified as non-pathogenic microorganisms for humans, according to the classification of microorganisms given in the sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 1.3.2322-08. Working with the strain does not require special precautions.

The bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei, registration number VKPM B-2430, isolated from wheat flour, is a producer of an antibiotic-like substance.

Obtaining feed additive

The inventive feed additive for farm animals and poultry is prepared as follows.

To obtain a composition from the filamentous fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Trichoderma reesei:

- wheat grains were selected, placed in a flask in a ratio of 30 grams of grain and 5 ml of physiological solution, mixed, moistening the grain, autoclaved to remove accompanying microflora at a pressure of 1 A for 40 minutes;

- sterile grain was infected with a 6-day (uterine) culture of filamentous fungi Fusarium sambucinum var. sambucinum 52434 VKPM F-139 and Trichoderma reesei LA-531 VKPM F-184, cultivated in Sabouraud liquid medium, for this purpose a mycelial suspension of the fungus of 10 ⁸ CFU/ml was added to each flask with prepared grain separately, without mixing during cultivation. The mycelial mass was cultivated at 24°C for 14 days, shaking daily. The resulting mushroom mass in grain was autoclaved at a pressure of 1.5 A for 45 minutes.

The inocula were dried in Binder (fermented) at a temperature of 45-60°C for 24 hours. The resulting fermented grain was mixed and ground in a mechanical mill until a homogeneous mass was obtained.

Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei VKPM B-2430 was grown in MRS medium sterilely in conical flasks at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial concentration of 10 ⁸ CFU/ml was obtained by comparison with the standard turbidity of bacterial suspensions (BAK kit) SOP No. 1-98-15).

Beet molasses is heated. Add the mixed dry components of the feed additive into it and mix thoroughly again. The resulting mass is laid out in measuring containers, where it hardens at room temperature, forming lick briquettes. The briquettes are stored, transported and fed in the same containers.

The finished feed additive is packaged in paper bags with a polyethylene liner, labeled and delivered to the consumer.

Lick briquettes are easy to store and transport, without destroying vitamins and useful components.

A distinctive feature of the proposed feed additive is the introduction of fermented wheat grain in a consortium of biomass of two filamentous fungi and lactobacilli, taken in certain ratios of components, which made it possible to increase the hepatoprotective effect of the feed additive, normalize liver function during detoxification function, and the body’s resistance to adverse effects (environmental pollution, influence pathogenic microflora, exposure to temperatures, etc.), increases adaptogenic, antibacterial, immunostimulating, anti-infective, metabolic, toxin-removing, while maintaining high feeding efficiency, level of weight gain and safety of livestock, prevention of gastrointestinal disorders.

1. To obtain 100 kg of feed additives, take kg

Fermented grain inoculum with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 30.0 Fermented grain inoculum with Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 12.0 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.108 CFU/ml 6.0 Sodium chloride 4.0 Beet molasses 28.0 Zeolite powder 20.0

The resulting mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass is formed.

2. To obtain 100 kg of feed additive, take kg

Fermented grain inoculum with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 30.4 Fermented grain inoculum with Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 12.4 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.108 CFU/ml 6.2 Sodium chloride 4.6 Beet molasses 29.0 Zeolite powder 17.4

The resulting mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass is formed.

3. To obtain 100 kg of feed additive, take kg

Fermented grain inoculum with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 30.5 Fermented grain inoculum with Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 12.5 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.10 ⁸ CFU/ml 6.3 Beet molasses 29.2 Sodium chloride 4.8 Zeolite powder 16.7

The resulting mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass is formed.

4. To obtain 100 kg of feed additives, take kg

Fermented grain inoculum with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 29.5 Fermented grain inoculum with Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 11.5 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.10 ⁸ CFU/ml 5.5 Sodium chloride 3.5 Beet molasses 27.5 Zeolite powder 22.5

The resulting mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass is formed.

Tests have shown that the use of the above ratios of components in a decreasing direction leads to a weakening of the biological activity of the proposed feed additive (a decrease in general strengthening, adaptive, metabolism-stimulating properties, normalization of metabolic processes, body resistance under conditions of exposure to stress factors of various nature), and an increase components - to their overconsumption, and only the use of feed additive components in the proposed range ensures the best results.

The invention is illustrated by non-limiting examples.

Example 1. Efficiency of using a feed additive on broiler chickens

The study of the feed additive was carried out at the private poultry farm “Alga” in the Vysokogorsk region of the Republic of Tatarstan. To carry out the experimental part of the work, twenty-day-old broiler chickens were selected and divided into three groups, five birds in each. Individuals of all groups were raised in a cage battery; the housing conditions (planting density, light and temperature conditions, air exchange) were the same for all groups and corresponded to zootechnical standards. Feed distribution is manual, watering is automatic. The basic diet for poultry of all groups complied with the recommendations of the poultry supplier.

The first group of chickens received the basic diet and served as a control group.

The second group of chickens received a feed additive according to the prototype in the amount of 1% to the main diet.

The third group of chickens received the claimed feed additive in the amount of 1% to the main diet.

The duration of the experiment was four weeks, from the twentieth day of the bird’s life.

The results of the blood test are presented in Table 1.

The result of hematological studies showed that the addition of 1% to the diet of broiler chickens according to the claimed recipe to the main feed contributed to an increase in the level of hemoglobin 76.6±3.2 against the prototype 74.2±1.1 and the control group 72.6±1, 2.

Indications of live weight gain during individual weighing were entered into Table 2.

Table 2 shows that in the fourth week of the experiment, the maximum increase in live weight of broiler chickens, to which the inventive feed additive was added to the main feed in an amount of 1%, was 13.3% in comparison with the prototype, and 30% in comparison with the control group.

Example 2. Determination of the effectiveness of using a feed additive on laboratory rats

For the experiment, rats weighing 120-122 grams were selected, which were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Before the start of laboratory studies and after 14 days, blood was taken from the animals for biochemical testing. The results are presented in Table 3.

From the data in Table 3 it is clear that the hematological parameters of the blood of laboratory rats that received the claimed feed additive in the amount of 1% of the main diet do not differ significantly from the control group in a number of indicators: the cholesterol level of the claimed feed additive was 2.3±0.09 against control animals is 2.1±0.04, and the prototype indicator is 2.6±0.02. The glucose content in the blood serum of rats receiving the claimed feed additive corresponded to the physiological norm of 7.11±0.16 mmol/l, which was 0.44 times higher than the control 7.55±0.15 mmol/l. Thus, it is worth noting that the claimed feed additive during the period of experiment on rats allows increasing glucose levels by 0.44 mmol/l.

Weight indicators when feeding rats with the proposed feed additive are presented in Table 4.

From table 4 it is clear that when feeding the claimed feed additive in the amount of 1.0% of the total diet to laboratory animals after 24 days of feeding, the best weight gain indicators for laboratory animals were when added to the diet with the claimed feed additive 160±0.18 compared with control weight indicators 148±0.20 g. and compared to the prototype 151±0.11.

The experiment showed that the claimed feed additive in an amount of 1.0% of the total diet after 24 days contributes to an increase in live weight by 12% compared to the control group.

Example 3. Testing the antibacterial activity of the proposed feed additive

To test the antibacterial activity, a paste-like dissolved form of the claimed feed additive was used by water extraction with serial dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 1:12, 1:32, 1:64. The prepared concentrations of extracts were added in 1.0 ml quantities to test tubes containing microbial cells of the virulent strain of the causative agent of escherichiosis E. coli “KV-1” with a concentration of microbial cells of 5x10 ⁶ mc/ml and the mixture was thermostated for 24 hours at a temperature of 36 °C, carrying out control seeding of samples after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24 hours. The crops were examined daily for 10 days, recording the growth of colonies. It was established that the use of high concentrations of extracts of the proposed feed additive (1:2-1:6) ensured the death of test culture microbes within 3.5-4 hours, and the concentration (1:32-1:64) had a bactericidal effect for more than long exposure - 11-23 hours.

Based on the data obtained, it is shown that the proposed feed additive for farm animals and poultry has antibacterial activity.

Example 4. A scientific and economic experiment on feeding the proposed Feed Additive for farm animals and poultry was carried out on 20 calves 5-6 months of age of the black-and-white breed in the conditions of the dairy farm of Yuldyz LLC in the Vysokogorsk region of the Republic of Tatarstan.

2 groups of calves of 10 heads each were formed: 1 group - control, the calves of which received a normal diet; in group 2, the main diet included the declared feed additive obtained according to composition No. 1 - by licking in fact 65.0 g per day for 1 head. The duration of the study was 45 days. The food of the control group was the usual diet.

It was established that the addition of the claimed feed additive in the form of lick to the basic diet of calves as a balancing feed additive for individual self-regulation of the intake of nutrients and biologically active substances in the body contributed to an increase in the average daily gain of calves in the experimental group to 871.1 g, against 797.8 g in control, where the excess of the control value was 73.3 g or 9.2%. The results are presented in Table 5.

Table 5 shows that feeding the inventive feed additive in the form of lick for calves contributed to optimizing the consumption of nutrients and biologically active substances in the daily rations of calves and had a stimulating effect on the intensity of their growth.

Feeding calves with the claimed feed additive during the experiment had a certain effect on interior performance.

Based on the results of biochemical studies of blood serum carried out during the experimental period, shown in Table 6, one can judge the degree of metabolism and the predicted level of intensity of growth of animals. This indicates that the obtained indicators in calves of different groups were mainly within the physiological norm. However, when comparing the indicators, non-significant differences can be traced, both across periods of experience and across groups in Table 6.

Urea in blood serum is an indicator of the degree of utilization and biological value of digested protein. This indicator, in the control group, tended to decrease by 2.7%, while in the experimental group there was an increase of 0.2 mmol/l or 5.6% compared to the preparatory period.

Moreover, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), which catalyze the most important processes in the body associated with protein metabolism and are involved in the reversible reaction of the transfer of amino groups to keto acids, as well as the synthesis of amino acids, then adding an indispensable feed additive to the main diet of subpod calves is not had a significant impact on the dynamics of these indicators during the period of the experiment.

The concentration of glucose in the blood serum of calves in both groups corresponded to the physiological norm and amounted to 2.8±0.2-3.0±0.3 mmol/l at the beginning of the experiment. It is worth noting that during the period of the experiment, calves receiving a lump supplement to the main diet had an increase in glucose levels by 0.3 mmol/l or 10.7% compared to the beginning of the experiment.

In relation to the blood concentration of alkaline phosphatase, which catalyzes mineral metabolism in the body, no significant differences were found during the experimental period. The increase in this indicator in the blood of calves in the control and experimental groups was 10.3% and 11.8%, respectively, compared to the preparatory period. It should be noted that the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood serum of calves in the experimental group were different. Thus, if in the calves of the experimental group during the experimental period, when feeding the claimed feed additive, the concentration of calcium and phosphorus increased by 20.7% and 4.2%, respectively, then in the calves of the control group, with a slight increase in the level of calcium (by 3.7%) a 4.0% decrease in phosphorus was observed.

A similar picture was observed with regard to the concentration of potassium in the blood serum of experimental calves, where it was found to increase in the experimental group by 8.5% compared to the initial value.

In calves of this group, an increase in sodium level by 15.0% was also noted during the experimental period.

It is also worth noting that the results of biochemical studies of blood serum indicate that the use of the claimed feed additive for farm animals and poultry in calf diets as a balancing feed additive had a positive effect on the metabolism of metabolic processes in the body.

Thus, the proposed feed additive for farm animals and poultry makes it possible to increase the safety of young animals, increase the live weight of calves, and reduce gastrointestinal diseases, which is confirmed by hematological indicators of the immunological status of the blood of calves. At the same time, the imbalance of the intestinal biocenosis in sick animals is eliminated and hematological blood parameters are improved.

Claims (2)

Feed additive for farm animals and poultry, characterized in that it contains activated zeolite, table salt, beet molasses, characterized in that it additionally contains inoculum of fermented grain with Fusarium sambucinum var. sambucinum 52434 VKPM F-139 10 ⁸ CFU/ml and Trichoderma reesei LA-531 VKPM F-184 10 ⁸ CFU/ml and bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei VKPM B-2430 10 ⁸ CFU/ml, with the following quantitative ratio of components, wt. %: Fermented grain inoculum with Fusarium sambucinum 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 30.0-30.4 Fermented grain inoculum with Trichoderma reesei 10 ⁸ CFU/ml 12.0-12.4 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. 108 CFU/ml 6.0-6.2 Table salt 4.0-4.6 Beet molasses 28.0-29.0 Activated zeolite rest