RU2694615C2 - Method for lactating cows feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to lactating cows feeding method. Method is characterized by feeding a fodder additive with immunomodulating action, containing lichen reindeer moss (Cladonia alpestris) and Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica), flour from cedar shank pine needles and salts of microelements, which are represented by cobalt chloride and zinc sulphate. Said components are fed to lactating cows daily in a certain amount.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to enhance cow resistance, productivity and milk production efficiency.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture (feeding farm animals).

An important issue facing scientists of the Northeast lately is the matter of studying the reserves of the local food supply and developing the feeding system for the very specific conditions of the region. The territory of the Magadan region is located in a zone of severe subpolar and arctic climate. The specificity of livestock farming is a short period of the warm season, in the stall period, the duration of which is 295-305 days, the average monthly temperatures are 28 ° below zero, which limits the walking of animals. The absence of solar insolation, artificial ultraviolet irradiation adversely affect the productivity of livestock. The problem of stress, weakening of immunity, death in livestock and the associated significant economic losses increased interest in the use of pharmacological drugs to reduce the negative impact of the stress state of the body on animal productivity and product quality. The high cost of transport costs and the veterinary drugs themselves forces us to pay attention to local medicinal plants.

In the Far East, the special interest in feeding cattle is the use of Christmas tree waste from the cedar elfin wood, a large amount of which is discarded annually.

Analysis of the reviewed patent documentation showed that cedar plants are used in the feeding of cattle and poultry. Arabinogalactans from Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb) are used to increase the productivity of calves in the dairy period of rearing (RU 2007116884), non-specific resistance of calves in the period of milk nutrition (RU 2007116887, RU 2350098). In addition to the basic ration, arabinogalactans are introduced in the amount of 10 g per head per day from one to two months of age. In order to increase the nonspecific resistance of bulls raised per tribe. In addition to the basic diet, arabinogalactans are administered at ages from 1 to 2 months. 10 g per head per day and at the age of 6 to 8 months. About 20 g per goal. per day (RU 2007116907, RU 2350099).

A method of obtaining feed additives, including the processing of extracts of coniferous greens. Neutralized extract of coniferous greens is microgranulated using a water-soluble polymer matrix: sodium alginate or a protein-anionic polysaccharide complex (RU 2304397), or the raw material is heated with water vapor 1100-115 ° C, pressure 0.05-0.1 atm, then increase t up to 125 ° C, pressure up to 0.5 atm (RU 2216198), or extraction of wood greens of coniferous species with liquefied carbon dioxide is carried out at room temperature, with extract extraction (RU 2317972).

It is known that sawdust coniferous trees are used for the preparation of protein feed. Sawdust conifers are pre-incubated in activated water with a pH of 10-11 for 16-24 h, then treated in a dispersant with water with a pH of 10-11 or 3-4 and divided into liquid and solid phases, and inoculation with mycelium of the fungus Pleurotus ostceatus is carried out on the solid phase and grow it for 23 days (RU 2092073).

It is known that the shell powder pine nuts are used as feed additives in feeding poultry (RU 2228643) and young chickens: CY immunostimulating activity comprising shell powder of pine nuts in combination with biomass blue-green microalgae Spirulina platensis, succinic, citric and ascorbic acids (RU 2305951) and in a comprehensive CD (RU 2586897).

It is known that in feeding of dairy cows they use a feed additive: sapropel, white sludge, table salt, fir foot (200 g / goal) and a vitamin-vegetable collection of berries and herbs 1 time per day for 2-3 months. KD increases productivity and improves milk quality, expands the range of additives using commonly available local ingredients (RU 2344620).

It is known that in feeding of dairy cows feed additives are used using products of processing of coniferous greens with a high content of biologically active substances to a chlorophyll concentration of 2000–3000 mg / kg and an additional concentrated source of beta-carotene (RU 2403801).

A method of obtaining food for agricultural animals, including the hydrolysis of wood waste sulfuric to-that with heat treatment (RU 1761096, RU 1547804, RU 1701239, RU 1591924).

A method of obtaining food for agricultural animals, including enzymatic hydrolysis of waste plant materials from the forest, woodworking, agricultural industry (RU 2354135, 2402233, 2364409,2354135).

A known method of processing roughage provides for the grinding and impregnation of the source material (wood waste, straw, etc.) in a solution of sodium chloride and exposure to electric current and chlorine hydrolysis products (RU 2352140).

A known method of processing wood greens, providing for its processing with obtaining feedstuff, characterized in that the processing of wood green lead by extrusion at a temperature of 120-170 ° C (RU 2295254).

A known method of preparation of feed additives in animal husbandry using yeast (RU 2162287, 2229825, 2222207, 2292732, 2366271, 2433738, 2452195, 2378000), enzymes and lactic acid microorganisms (RU 2375069, 2391859).

However, the widespread use in the practice of processing plant waste from the forestry and woodworking industry, including hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, extrusion, inoculation of fungi with mycelium, the use of yeast has not yet received, which is explained by the lack of scientifically based data on the use of this type of feed and the high cost of their preparation, the cost of electricity, enzymes, lack of necessary equipment.

The closest way to processing wood greens of conifers, including grinding needles, characterized in that the needles from the branches are removed manually, grinding the coniferous mass into particles up to 2-3 mm in size, crushed coniferous mass is ground in a millstone to obtain a pasty mass (RU 2005127739) .

Known feed additives which include a number of trace elements that have a significant impact on different sides of metabolism. (RU 2220589 C1, Fedotov AS. Protein-carbohydrate-mineral-vitamin feed supplement “Golden Felutsen”; RU 2161416 C1, Zazhivikhina EI, Smirnova SN. Feed supplement for animals and birds; RU 2145479 C1 Starikov N. P. Premix for cows (options); RU2303367 C2 Kuzmina LN, etc. Mineral-vitamin premix for stabilizing the physiological state of cows (options); RU 2006105995 A, Rodina VP A method of obtaining a feed additive for farm animals; RU 2295255 C2, Donnik IM, et al. Method of feeding cows in zones of iodine deficiency; RU 2007121548 A. Zankevich A.Yu. Miner general additive RU 2592447, etc. Vitamin-mineral-organic premix for farm animals, poultry and fur animals; RU 2340207 C1 Popov AM A method of obtaining a complex mineral feed additive; RU 2335920 C1 Khramov VA The method of preparing a feed additive for cattle (RED); RU 2182798 TI Ivanov. Method for the normalization of metabolic processes in young RED; RU 2182438 Zazhivikhina G.I. Feed additive; RU 1660667 Radchenko V.V. Feed additive for bulls up to three months of age; RU 2092074 Zazhivikhina E.I. Feed additive for farm animals; RU 1667801 N. Lebedev Feed additive; RU 2229244 Galiakberov Z.K. The method of preparation of the premix; RU 2086148 Kiselev I.M. Feed additive for agricultural animals and birds; RU 1673022 Radchenko V.V. Feed supplement for bulls aged 3-6 months; RU 2086149 Zazhivikhina E.N. Feed additive; RU 1616584 Arkhipov A.V. The method of feeding young animals with farm animals; RU 1757583 Debts B.C. Premix for milk calves; RU 1743534 Menkin V.К. Feed additive for cattle; RU 1653709 Arkhipov A.V. Premix for calves; RU 1690659 Khripun V.I. Feed additive); feed containing mineral and vitamin supplements RU 2014153209.

The disadvantage of the CD, which include trace elements, is that the application rate of trace elements is designed for a specific area because the content of microelements in feeds depends on their content in soils, and also in these feed additives the low content of biologically active substances, enzymes, vitamins.

In the Far East, for cattle breeders, lichens with biologically active action are of particular interest. Special attention should be paid to the practical use of the enzymatic properties of lichens and lichen acids. The composition of lichens includes carbohydrates, fats, proteins and mineral salts. A characteristic distinguishing feature of lichens is a high content of specific carbohydrates in lichens, which are almost completely absent in other representatives of the plant world. This is first of all lichenin, the so-called lichen starch. A.L. Kursanov and N.N. Dyachkov (1945) found that lichen carbohydrates, constituting about 80% or more of their dry weight, when converted with dilute mineral acids, easily turn into simple sugars: glucose (97%), galactose (2.5%) and mannose (0.5 %) [one].

In Cladonia alpestris E.P. Ascorbic acid was detected by Scheinker (1937). Vitamins A, C, D, B1, B2, B12, etc. were found [2].

Sodium salt of usnic acid is the first domestic antibiotic derived from lichen. Its bacteriostatic effect is manifested in relation to Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, anaerobes, pneumococci and tubercle bacilli. Sodium salt of usnic acid was tested at the Leningrad Veterinary Institute. The drug was successfully used in the treatment of acute and chronic endometritis, with parenchymal udder mastitis in cows) [3].

The preparation “Islancet” used for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (RU 2203081, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical Academy) is known based on the extractives of the Icelandic lichen thallus (polysaccharides and lichen acids). The drug has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, antiexudative and antioxidant action.

The disadvantage of the drug "Islancet" is its high cost for veterinary use.

The closest feed additive that contains lichens is a feed additive for cattle, where lichens are used in combination with kelp flour and trace elements salts (Kuzmina, RU 2599564).

The disadvantage of this feed additive is the seasonality and the complexity of the preparation of kelp.

Conclusions on the implementation of the search regulations

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the developed method of using our feed additive (lichens in combination with cedar elfin and microelements) can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of cattle in livestock farms in the Far North.

The task to be solved is to enrich the diet of cows during the period of stabilization of lactation (4-5 months of lactation) with fiber, antibiotic, microelements, enzymes, vitamins based on the local raw material base and increase resistance, productivity of cattle and profitability of milk production.

The task is achieved by including to the main ration of cattle a feed additive containing lichens: alpine cladonia (Cladonia alpestris) and the Icelandic tsetrium (Cetraria islandica) in combination with cedar elfin needles as salts of microelements containing cobalt chloride, zinc sulphate.

The feed additive is used in the feeding of lactating cows in the amount of: lichen - 80 g, elfin - 550 g, cobalt chloride - 17 mg, zinc sulphate - 664 mg is introduced into the feed daily.

Example.

In order to study the effect of CD on the physiological state of cows in the period of stabilization of lactation (4, 5 months after calving), scientific and economic experience was conducted in the farm "Komarova" (Magadan). The experiment was conducted in the stall period.

To carry out the experience, 250 kg of dry cedar elfin (waste from the production of Christmas trees and Christmas trees themselves) and 25 kg of lichen were prepared. The technology of obtaining flour from elfin consists of drying the raw materials in a specially equipped warehouse on mesh shelves and preparing flour with a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm. Lichens were finally dried and crumbled by hand.

The dose of feeding with microelements was calculated according to the content of microelements in the feed of the farm, according to the difference between their content in the diet and recommended detailed norms of feeding for lactating cows, taking into account the content of microelements in KD.

For experimental studies, 10 Holstein cows were selected, divided according to the principle of analogues into two equal groups. When selecting a group, the breed, age, calving period were taken into account.

In the course of the experiment, the general condition of the animals was assessed, the blood was examined for hematological and biochemical parameters, and productivity. Milk was examined for protein content, fat, density.

Animals of both groups received an economic ration consisting of silage, hay, and mixed fodder. To the main ration of cows from the experimental group, KD was added daily for 60 days.

The use of CD restrains milk yield by 6.07%, the decrease in the amount of milk fat by 10%, increases the fat content in milk by 0.18 absolute%, the protein content by 0.09 absolute%, relative to the average of the herd, which has increased the profitability milk production is 14.3% higher than the control (Tables 1, 2).

* - P≤0.05

Analysis of variance of single-factor complexes showed that of all the factors that determine the containment of the decline in milk yield, 5.3%, the decline in the amount of milk fat, 30.6%, an increase in protein content in milk, 2.2% is due to the action of CD. The effect of the studied means was not reliable.

Analysis of variance of one-factor complexes showed that of all the factors that determine the increase in fat content in milk, 73.9% fall on the action of KD. When testing CD obtained empirical confidence indicator 22.64. The effect of the studied means was found to be reliable in the third probability threshold of error-free predictions (P> 0.999).

Introduction to the diet of cows KD optimizes the morphological parameters of blood of cows (table 3).

In lactating animals, a significant amount of calcium is excreted in milk. The use of CD increases blood levels of calcium by 32.58 percentage points, phosphorus by 5.09%, erythrocytes by 10.46%, and hemoglobin by 9.19 percentage points relative to control.

A higher content of hemoglobin in the blood of animals treated with CD indicates a more intensive metabolism in their body, a better ability to absorb oxygen during breathing, supplying them with tissues and organs of the body, activating the immune system.

The decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood, characteristic of the subsequent pregnancy, in experienced cows is higher than control by 6.47%

The use of CD resulted in an increase in the level of stab neutrophils by 0.2, segmental neutrophils 4.4, eosinophils by 0.8, a decrease in the level of monocytes by 2.6, lymphocytes by 3.2 absolute%.

The use of CD provides the normalization of the state of cows 4-5 months after calving, inhibits leukocytosis, increases the resistance of the organism, the productivity of animals and the profitability of milk production.

The use of CD in the diet of lactating cows during the period of stabilization of lactation is positively affected by the physiological state and productivity of cows. This confirms the appropriateness of the use of CD for the normal supply of the body of cows and the fetus with the necessary mineral and biologically active substances.

The obtained data can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of cattle in the conditions of the Magadan region.

Information sources

1. Kursanov A.L. Lichens and their practical use / A.L. Kursanov, N.N. Dyachkov. - M. - L., 1945. - pp. 13-19, 36-55.

2. Shinker E.P. Anti-tsinartnye properties of moss (Cladonia alpestris) and yellow autumn leaves // The problem of vitamins.- M .: Izd-vo All-Union. Acad. S.-H. Sciences them. Lenina, 1937. - S. 94-95.

3. Moiseeva E.N. Biochemical properties of lichens and their practical significance / E.N. Moses. - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961. - P. 7-9, 53-62.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding lactating cows, characterized in that animals are fed a feed additive with an immunomodulatory effect, containing lichens of Alpine cladonia (Cladonia alpestris) and Icelandic Cetraria (Cetraria islandica), flour from cedar stanici and microtelermet I and I am a set of 89 sulphate, while these components are fed to lactating cows daily in the amount of: flour from pine elfin needles - 550 g, lichens - 80 g, cobalt chloride - 17 mg, sulphate of zinc - 664 mg per head per day and.