RU2440770C2 - Method to increase productivity of farm animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock sector and may be used in agricultural production. The method consists in introduction of iron nanopowder into ration of farm animals by means of fodders spraying with a suspension of iron nanopowder with particle size of 20-30 nm in doses of 0.08-0.1 mg/kg of live mass per day.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase indices of meat productivity, to improve morphological composition of carcass and chemical composition of meat.

2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry and is associated with an increase in meat productivity when introduced into the diet of feed processed with nanopowder of iron, and can be used in agricultural production.

There are several ways to increase meat productivity with the introduction of iron-based preparations into animal diets.

As an analogue, a method for increasing the meat productivity of agricultural animals is known (Table 1), which consists in treating the seeds of feed crops (vetch, corn) with iron nanopowder by pre-sowing soaking at a dose of 0.03 g / ha, the grown plants are introduced in the diet of animals and contribute to an increase in productivity indicators (live weight, average daily and gross growths). The effectiveness of this method is 10-15% [8, 9, 10, 11].

The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the results (at least a year for growing processed crops) and low application efficiency.

The prototype is a method which consists in introducing iron mineral salts (sulfates, glycerophosphates, chlorides) into the animal diet, which helps to increase the live weight of calves and piglets to 13.5% [1, 2]. The introduction of trace elements (Fe) in the diet of pigs and gobies contributes to an increase in slaughter yield, the number of muscles in meat by 18%, a decrease in fat by 2.7%, an increase in dry matter of meat by 2.9%, calorie content of meat by 10.6%, an increase the content of Cu, Zn, Fe in organs and muscles [3, 4].

Feeding piglets and calves Fe and other trace elements increases the mass of chilled carcasses by 11.3%, meat yield by 3.3%, meat dry matter by 8.2%, protein by 1.3% [5, 6, 7] .

The disadvantages of this method are large doses of the introduction of iron salts (200-300 mg / per head per day), toxicity of these drugs in large doses, disruption of animal metabolism due to the presence of acid residues (SO ₄ ^-2 , Cl ^- , PO ₄ ^{- 3} ) and relatively low efficiency of use.

The technical task of the invention is to process the feed with an iron preparation and the subsequent introduction of these feeds into the animal diet and is characterized in that the preparation consists of a suspension of iron nanopowder with a particle size of 20-30 nm with a dose of 0.08-0.1 mg / kg live weight per day.

Spraying of various feeds included in the diet of animals (feed, hay, silage, etc.) is carried out with a suspension of iron nanopowder, at the rate of 1 liter per 1 ton of feed using an automatic sprayer, the flow rate of the working suspension is within 0.08-0.1 mg / kg body weight per day. Then the processed feed is fed to the animals.

Nanosized iron particles have high biological activity. For these particle sizes, a high adsorption capacity is characteristic, therefore, when animals enter the body orally (along with food) in the form of a suspension, iron nanoparticles quickly penetrate through the intestinal mucosa into the blood. Through the circulatory system, nanoparticles are distributed throughout all key systems of the body.

Particles 20-30 nm in size are commensurate with the size of cellular organelles, penetrating through cell membranes, they interact with cell organelles, including mitochondria, on the surface of which there is a synthesis of enzymes - catalysts of biochemical processes in the body.

Activation of enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, and others) contributes to the enhanced course of protein, mineral metabolism and the process of digestibility of nutrients in the diet [12, 13, 14]. Thus, the inclusion of iron nanoparticles in the diet of animals enhances the absorption of nutrients and the synthesis of biopolymers in the body (fats, proteins, carbohydrates). As a result, there is a significant increase in the live weight of experimental animals and a change in other indicators of meat productivity (daily average, gross growth, slaughter weight, slaughter yield). The content of muscle tissue in the carcass increases due to the activation of protein metabolism and protein synthesis, since muscle tissue consists of protein substances.

The effect of iron nanopowder was studied using various doses of the drug from 0.01 to 1 mg / kg body weight per day. Studies of physiological and morphobiochemical indicators of animals (live weight, activity, behavior, blood and tissue parameters) showed that the optimal and most productive dose is 0.08 mg / kg of live weight per day.

The control group of animals received the main diet without the addition of iron nanopowder, and the experimental group received iron nanopowder at a dose of 0.08 mg / kg body weight per day throughout the experiment.

Our studies showed that when farm animals (for example, cattle, rabbits) are introduced into the diet of iron nanopowder, productivity indicators increase: live weight, average daily and gross increments, slaughter weight, slaughter yield, carcass morphological composition and meat chemical composition change.

The research results showed (Table 2) that the introduction of iron nanopowder into the diet of animals contributes to an increase in the main indicators of meat productivity: live weight increases to 22.4%, average daily growths to 28.2%, gross growths to 27.7% , slaughter mass - up to 44%, slaughter yield - up to 8%, muscle tissue content in the carcass - up to 5%, reduced fat yield - up to 2%.

Literature

1. Tamarchenko M.E., Nikitina V.I., Shistareva V.P. Iron in the nutrition of calves. // Feeding agricultural animals. Proceedings of the Kirov Agricultural Institute. Kirov, 1971. S. 27-38.

2. Makartsev N.G., Khadanovich I.V., Second E.A. et al. Effect of premixes with different levels of iron and zinc on the absorption of nitrogen, minerals of feed and growth dynamics of young pigs. // Biochemistry of nutrition and feeding of young farm animals with early weaning. Sat scientific Borovsk, 1982.P. 70-79.

3. Kokorev V.A., Guryanov A.M., Tikhomirov I.A. et al. Influence of microelements on metabolism and pig productivity. // New aspects of the participation of biologically active substances in the regulation of metabolism and productivity of agricultural animals. Theses of reports of the All-Union meeting. Borovsk, 1991.S. 59-61.

4. Volvachev V.N. The chemical composition of the meat of bull-castrato when used in the diet of salts of macro- and microelements. // Issues of breeding, feeding and keeping agricultural animals and fish in Western Siberia. Sat scientific tr Omsk, 1989.

5. Thin G.P. Change in live weight and meat productivity of pigs in connection with feeding them with microelements, fodder bacteria and vitamins. // Materials of the 19th scientific conference. Veterinary and livestock sections. Blagoveshchensk, 1971.p. 120-121.

6. Khuzin M.G., Sadriev R.G. The use of trace elements in the fattening of young cattle. // Breeding and feeding animals. Sat scientific tr Ulyanovsk, 1985.P.26-31.

7. Tyagushev V.V. Meat productivity of cattle during fattening with pulp enriched with biologically active substances. // Methods of increasing the productivity of agricultural animals. Sat scientific labor. Saransk, 1982.P.25-29.

8. Ampleyeva L.E., Polishchuk S.D., Agafonova L.N., Nazarova A.A. The effect of vetch grass treated with ultrafine iron powder on the physiological state of rabbits. // Materials of the eighth Republican scientific-practical conference, RSMU. Ryazan, 2004.S. 338-340.

9. Ampleeva L.E. The physiological state of rabbits when introduced into the diet of a wiki grown using ultrafine powders of iron and cobalt: Abstract. dis.kand. biol. sciences. Ryazan, 2006.25 p.

10. Churilov G.I., Ampleeva L.E., Nazarova A.A., Polishchuk S.D. The effect of wiki grass treated with ultrafine iron powder on blood morphobiochemical parameters. // Russian Medical and Biological Bulletin named after Academician I.P. Pavlova. No. 1. Ryazan, 2008.S. 70-74.

11. Nazarova A.A., Zheglova T.V., Polishchuk S.D., Churilov G.I., Ivanicheva Yu.N., Folmanis G.E., Kovalenko L.V. The effect on rabbits of iron and copper in ultrafine form when they are introduced into the body of animals with food. // Rabbit breeding and fur farming. 2008. No. 6. S.8-10.

Table 1 Comparative results of various ways to increase the productivity of agricultural animals Indicators The control Iron salts Wiki grass treated with iron nanopowder Iron nanopowder (rabbits) Live weight,% - + 13% + 15% + 18% Average daily growth,% - + 8% + 10% + 13% Gross growth,% - + 7.8% + 11% + 15% Slaughter yield,% 45% 48% 51% 53% Muscle tissue in the carcass,% 64% 67% 70% 71% Fat yield,% fifteen% 16% 13% 12%

table 2 Results of the influence of iron nanopowder on meat productivity of fattening gobies Indicators Age of animals The control Iron nanopowder Live weight kg 6 months 146.3 + 2.8 143.8 + 2.6 12 months 263.8 + 4.5 316.1 + 4.8 18 months 380.5 + 6.5 465.6 + 7.8 Daily average g 18 months 648 831 Gross growth, kg / month 18 months 19.5 24.9 Slaughter weight, kg 18 months 171.2 246.8 Slaughter yield,% 18 months 45 53 Muscle tissue of the carcass,% 18 months 70.3 75.6 Fat yield,% 18 months 14.5 12.8

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the meat productivity of farm animals, which consists in treating feed with an iron preparation and introducing these feeds into the animal diet, characterized in that the preparation consists of a suspension of iron nanopowder with a particle size of 20-30 nm with a dose of 0.08-0.1 mg / kg live weight per day.