RU2698181C1 - Method for young cattle feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Disclosed is a method for feeding young cattle, comprising feeding a young ration containing a bilogically active additive,which is represented by lichens: Claudia alpestris and Cetraria islandica in combination with Rhodiola rosea L. roots powder. Additive is fed to young animals aged 1.5–3.5 months in amount of lichen 30 g and Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g per head per day.EFFECT: invention allows enriching ration of young animals with biologically active substance, enzymes, vitamins on the basis of local raw material base and thus increasing young grain-fed resistance and productivity.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture (feeding farm animals).

Violation of feeding and maintenance technology, unsatisfactory environmental situation, the impact of other stressors on animals are accompanied by suppression of the immune system, a decrease in the body's natural resistance, and death. The problem of stress in animal husbandry, mortality, and the associated significant economic losses have increased interest in the use of pharmacological agents to reduce the negative impact of the stress state of the body on animal productivity and product quality, which incurs additional costs. It can be solved through the use of plant adaptogens.

In the Far East, for cattle breeders, lichens are of particular interest: alpine cladonia (Cladonia alpestris) and Icelandic cetraria (Cetraria islandica) in combination with pink rhodiola, which have a biologically active effect.

Of particular note is the practical use of the enzymatic properties of lichens (lichen acids) as a way to increase the overall resistance and productivity of cattle.

Sodium salt of usnic acid is the first domestic antibiotic obtained from lichens. Its bacteriostatic effect is manifested in relation to Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, anaerobes, pneumococci and tubercle bacillus [1]. Sodium salt of usnic acid was tested at the Leningrad Veterinary Institute. The drug was successfully used in the treatment of acute and chronic endometritis, with parenchymal mastitis of the udder in cows [1].

Numerous observations show that antibiotics are effective as a powerful factor stimulating the growth and development of young animals [2, 3]. Lichens, as producers of sodium salt and usnic acid, are a rich source of vitamin B ₁₂ . In addition to the fact that vitamin B _{12 itself is} necessary for the animal’s body, it was found that it increases the level of secretion of gastric juice and significantly increases the digesting power of pepsin, which is one of the factors explaining the stimulating properties of antibiotics.

Another important point explaining the stimulating effect of antibiotics is an increase in water metabolism. Animals that include antibiotics in their diet consume more water than animals in the control groups. High water consumption is due to increased protein hydration by the intestinal walls. This makes it possible for more intensive absorption of organic and mineral substances from the digestive tract, which in turn leads to improved growth of the animal.

A characteristic distinguishing feature of lichens is the high content of special carbohydrates in them, which are practically not found in other representatives of the plant world. This is, first of all, lichenin, the so-called lichen starch. A.L. Kursanov and N.N. Dyachkov (1945) found that lichen carbohydrates, which make up about 80% or more of their dry weight, easily turn into simple sugars when heated with diluted mineral acids: glucose (97%), galactose (2.5%) and mannose (0 , 5%) [4].

As a part of alpine cladonia, E.P. Shanker (1937) discovered ascorbic acid, as well as vitamins A, C, D, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₁₂ , etc. [5].

Closest to our feed supplement is Islantset, created on the basis of extractives of the thallus of Icelandic cetraria - polysaccharides and lichen acids (19-95%), for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (2203081, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy). The drug has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, immunomodulating, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, antiexudative and antioxidant effects.

The disadvantage of the drug Islantset is its high cost for use in veterinary medicine.

In the literature we studied, no data were found on the use of lichens in feeding cattle.

Known pharmacological preparations, the use of which reduces the negative impact of the stress state of the body on the productivity and resistance of animals. This is the use of lithium compounds with glycine in poultry farming (RU 2005137708, VA Lukicheva. Method for correcting natural resistance of the environmentally friendly lithium salt of glycinate under stress in birds), arabinogalactans (2007116884 Method for increasing calf productivity in the milk growing period; 2007116887 Method for increasing nonspecific resistance of calves during milk feeding; 2350098 Method for increasing nonspecific resistance of calves during milk feeding; 2007116907 Method for increasing nonspecific resistance of calves, reared for breeding; 2350099 A method for increasing nonspecific resistance of calves raised for seed, Galochkin VA, Maximenko CB) and Epofen (RU 2290797 C1 Galochkin VA et al method reduce transport losses bodyweight fattening calves) in livestock...

The disadvantage of pharmacological preparations is the low content (absence) of enzymes in the diet, their high cost and the cost of transport costs for their delivery to the region.

It is known to use oregano essential oil in combination with 1, 2 propylene glycol or bentonite to increase the resistance and productivity of farm animals and poultry (RU 2297775 C1 Engashev S.V. Feed additive to increase the resistance and productivity of farm animals and poultry; RU 2294648 C1 B. Feed supplement to increase the resistance and productivity of farm animals and poultry). In feeding cows, as a biologically active additive, they use pulp of stevia (RU 2313951 C1 Vostroilov A.V. Method for feeding dry and dairy cows) and coniferous raw materials (fir, pine, cedar) (2216198 Method for producing a biologically active feed additive). In feeding young chickens, a feed supplement with immunostimulating activity containing pine nutshells and blue-green microalgae is used (RU 2228643 V. Isaev. Feed additive for poultry; RU 2305951 C1 ZV Gotkin et al. Feed additive for young chicken with immunostimulating activity).

The disadvantage of feed additives from these plants is that they do not grow in our region or require processing and also do not cover the lack of enzymes in the diet.

It is known to use mineral feed additives to increase the productivity of agricultural animals, as a growth-promoting and biogenic preparation. This is the use of iron ascorbate (RU 2095995, Method for feeding agricultural animals and poultry), potassium succinate (RU 2148939, feed additive to increase the productivity of agricultural animals), microbial carotene in combination with trace elements: copper sulfate, zinc sulfate; cobalt chloride; manganese sulphate (RU 1660667, feed additive for gobies up to three months of age, V. V. Radchenko), mineral dressing from aluminosilicates and organic acid (succinic) (RU 2 341 973, Method for increasing the productivity of milk-bred bull-calves, S. Rashchektayev, Gizatullin A.N., Savchenko O.V.), copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese (RU 1673022 Feed additive for gobies aged 3-6 months., Radchenko VV), ammonite with calcium and sodium (RU 1616584 The method of feeding young animals for agricultural animals, Arkhipov A.V.)

The disadvantage of mineral feed additives is the low content (absence) of enzymes in them, their high cost and the cost of transport costs for their delivery to the region.

In the Far East, for breeders, Rhodiola is of pink or gold root, which has a biologically active effect. It has been established that novogalenovye preparations of Rhodiola rosea - rhodosides A and B possess adaptogenic and stimulating properties [6]. According to adaptogenic properties, the preparations of the golden root are similar to the preparations of plants of the aralian family (ginseng, eleutherococcus). It is superior to eleutherococcus in stimulating action [7].

The closest to our feed supplement are plant adaptogens, used to increase the resistance of animals. Of these preparations, the most studied extracts are from ginseng roots, prickly eleutherococcus (RU 2186498 C2 LLC “Special Food Company“ Dinkoma ”Dog Food) and Schisandra chinensis.

In the literature we studied, no data were found on the use of Rhodiola rosea in cattle.

The problem to be solved is enrichment of the diet of young cattle with biologically active substances, enzymes, vitamins based on the local raw material base.

The objective is achieved by including in the main diet of young cattle a feed supplement with biologically active action containing lichens: Alpine cladonia (Cladonia alpestris) and Icelandic cetraria (Cetraria islandica), characterized in that it is fed in combination with pink rhodiola. The feed additive is used in feeding young animals aged 1.5-3.5 months in the amount of: lichens 30 g and Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g per head per day.

Example. In order to study the influence of lichens and Rhodiola rosea on the physiological state of young cattle, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted at the Komarovo farm (Magadan).

The collection of lichens and Rhodiola rosea was carried out on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (Olsky estuary) in August. The raw materials were dried in a specially equipped warehouse on mesh racks with active ventilation with heated air at a temperature of 26-27 ° C. They were stored in kraft bags in the warehouse type premises. When preparing top dressing, crushed lichens and Rhodiola rosea were hung on an analytical balance.

Experimental studies were carried out on Ayrshire calves aged 1.5-3.5 months. In 4 groups there were 7 calves. The duration of the experiment is 60 days.

The animals of the experimental and control groups were kept under identical conditions and received the same main diet, which consisted of milk, hay of wild plants, oat-pea silage, and mixed feed.

In addition to the diet, experimental groups of calves received CLR for 2 months, different in content of lichens. Animals of the first experimental group received Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g and lichens 10 g; the second experimental group - Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g and lichens 20 g; the third experimental group - Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g and lichens 30 g.

The effectiveness of the use of feed additives in the diets of young animals is determined by an increase in relative growth of 7.36%.

The exterior development of calves was judged by linear measurements. From the data obtained it can be seen that the calves that received the feed supplement developed most intensively. For example, the calves of the experimental groups exceeded the control peers in height at the withers by 0.87%, height in the lower back by 1.13%, height in the sacrum by 1.19%, height in the ischial tubercles by 1.26%, and chest depth by 2.04%, chest width by 4.45%, chest circumference behind the shoulder blades by 4.64%, straight torso length by 3.47%, oblique body length by 2.69%, width in the hip joints by 2.8 %, the width in the sciatic tubercles at 8.89%.

The introduction into the diet of calves of a feed supplement based on lichens with the addition of Rhodiola rosea had a positive effect on the hematological parameters of blood, which is confirmed by research results.

The use of feed additives contributed to a more intensive increase in the number of red blood cells and their saturation with hemoglobin.

The level of red blood cells in the blood of calves in the preparatory period was below normal, and by the end of the experiment the number of red blood cells increased in all groups. The positive effect of the feed supplement helped keep red blood cells within normal limits.

The hemoglobin content in the blood of calves of the experimental groups is doubled in comparison with the control.

In calves in the control group, an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was noted, possibly due to the saturation of the red blood cells with hemoglobin. In experimental groups, this indicator was stable throughout the experiment.

The leukocyte concentration in the blood of calves of all groups during the experiment was within normal limits. The stability of phagocytosis, as a factor in the cellular defense of the body, indicates their resistance to adverse environmental factors.

The ratio of different forms of leukocytes in calves in groups was as follows. The number of segmental neutrophils in the blood of calves of all groups during the experimental period decreased relative to the norm. A higher content of neutrophils in the blood of calves of the experimental groups indicates an increase in the protective functions of the animal organism, since this group of cells is phagocytes. In addition, neutrophils produce enzymes that activate the bactericidal action.

It should be noted that the level of monocytes that determine the intensity of macrophagocytosis in the blood of calves treated with CLC increased in comparison with the control.

In the experimental groups there was a decrease in the number of lymphocytes.

No significant changes in other hematological blood parameters were detected.

It is recommended to use a feed additive in feeding young animals aged 1.5-3.5 months in the amount of: lichens 30 g and Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g per head per day.

The data obtained can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of young cattle in the conditions of the Magadan region.

Information sources

1. Moiseeva E.N. Biochemical properties of lichens and their practical value / E.N. Moiseeva. - M.-L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961. - S. 7-9, 53-62,

2. Nesterenko B.I. Feed antibiotics, their preparation and use in agriculture / B.I. Nesterenko. - Magadan Book Publishing House, 1963. - S. 4-6, 23-24,

3. Norms and rations for feeding farm animals. Reference manual. 3rd edition revised and expanded / A.P. Kalashnikov [et al.]. - M. 2003.S. 28-29,

4. Kursanov A.L. Lichens and their practical use / A.L. Kursanov, N.N. Dyachkov. - M.-L., 1945. - S. 13-19, 36-55,

5. Scheinker EP Anti-zingotic properties of reindeer moss (Cladonia alpestris) and yellow autumn leaves. // The problem of vitamins. - M.: Publishing House of the All-Union. Acad. S.-h. sciences them. Lenin, 1937 .-- S. 94-95.

6. Krasnov EA et al. Comparative phytochemical study of Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola tetrapelata // E.A. Krasnov, L.A. Khnykina, L.M. Duvidzon, R.P. Evstigneeva // 1st All-Union. Congress of Pharmaccepts. - M. - 1967. - P.48.

7. Baeva V.M. Treatment with plants. The basics of herbal medicine. / M .: ACT. Astrel. Ermak. - 2004 .-- S. 140-141.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding young cattle, including feeding a young diet with a biologically active additive, characterized in that lichens are used as a biologically active additive: Alpine cladonia (Cladonia alpestris) and Icelandic cetraria (Cetraria islandica) in combination with Rhodiola rosea root powder ( Rhodiola rosea L.), while the feed supplement is fed to young animals aged 1.5-3.5 months in the amount of: lichens 30 g and Rhodiola rosea 1.5 g per head per day.