RU2680009C1 - Method for reducing the negative impact of mycotoxins in poultry (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed industry.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to fodder production, in particular, to a method of reducing the negative effects of mycotoxins in poultry. For the implementation of the method using a feed additive in the form of a sorbent based on natural schungite-containing mineral raw materials. Mineral additive is introduced on the basis of processed as a raw material, at a temperature of at least 280 °C of shungite. Shungite is introduced in the form of grain with a particle size of 0.1–1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05–0.5 g per 100 g of all mash during the first 14 days of cultivation and in the form of grain with a particle size of 0.1–1.5 mm in the amount of 0.05–0.5 g per 100 g of all mash and schungite crushed stone 2–3 mm in the amount of 0.05–0.5 g per 100 g of all mash during the entire subsequent cultivation period. Schungite can also be administered in the form of a grains with the dimension of particles in the amount of 0.05–0.5 g per 100 g of all mash during the entire growing period. Shungite can also be administered in the form of a powder of 20–30 mcm per 100 g of all mash during the entire growing period.EFFECT: using of the invention will improve the quality of food, as well as enhance the positive effects in the prevention and treatment of mycotoxins.3 cl, 7 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to feed production, and in particular to reducing the negative consequences of the use of poor-quality feed during the cultivation of poultry through feed additives on a mineral basis.

Mineral-based feed additives are known: A mineral-based feed additive with phytoprobiotic activity is known that is used as feed for farm animals and poultry and consisting of viable bacteria of the Enterococcus faecium 1-35 strain, plant materials in the form of a mixture of essential oils of eucalyptus, thyme, garlic and lemon, and filler-diatomite in the form of burnt chips, RU No. 2574689 C1, A23K 1/16, 02/10/2016.

Known feed additive with phytobiotic activity on a mineral basis, used in feed for farm animals and poultry and containing a mixture of essential oils of eucalyptus, thyme, garlic and lemon, and filler-diatomaceous earth in the form of burnt chips, RU No. 2569018 C1, A23K 1/16 , A23K 1/175, 11/20/2015.

Known feed additive with probiotic activity on a mineral basis, used in the feed for farm animals and poultry, consisting of viable spores of spore-forming bacteria of the strain Bacillus subtilis111 and filler-diatomite in the form of burnt chips, RU No. 2569002 C1, A23K 1/16, A23K 1 / 175, 11/20/2015.

Known biological feed additives used for feeding poultry:

A biologically active feed additive for farm animals and poultry is known, containing bee killing, drone brood, grass flour, an additionally activated sorbent fraction - flask and Jerusalem artichoke tubers powder, RU No. 261907 C1, A23K 10/30, A23K 10/20, A23K 20/20 01/20/2018.

Known vitamin-mineral adsorption feed additive for birds, including eco-benthic feed, synthetic preparations of fat-soluble vitamins A, D ₃ , E, sunflower oil, antioxidant "Biox", RU No. 2577171 C2, A23K 50/70, A23K 20/158, A23K 20 / 174, 03/10/2016.

Known food for chickens containing sources of carbohydrates (waste products from buckwheat flour and crushed rice), protein (soybean meal), vitamins and minerals (pumpkin peel and fish bone meal), as well as a functional supplement containing pollock liver fat and “Fukolam” C ”, RU No. 2497377 C1, A23K 1/10, A23K 1/16, 10/10/2013.

Known feed additive for broiler chickens containing a natural mineral - glauconite and made in the form of a dry powder, crushed to a particle size of not more than 0.1 mm, with the addition of the probiotic "Biosporin", RU No. 2352135 C2, A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175, 04/20/2009.

Known feed mineral additive for poultry, including minerals in the form of carbonate-silicon-zeolite ore of the Volgograd deposit and natural bischofite, RU No. 2268614 C1, A23K 1/16, 01/27/2006.

Known feed mineral additive containing a liquid source of humic acids in the form of an extract from peat raw materials and a dry filler, which is used as a mineral adsorbent in the form of opal-cristobolite rock with a particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm, RU No. 222143 C1, A23K 1 / 175, December 20, 2004.

Known feed additive for farm birds containing vitamins: A, D ₃ , E, K ₃ , B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , B _c , H, C, micronutrients: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, iodine, selenium and filler-sucrose and / or starch and / or bran, RU No. 2034503 C1, A23K 1/16, 05/10/1995.

Known methods of feeding poultry with the introduction of feed additives in the feed:

A known method of feeding poultry, including the preparation of feed mixtures: dry in crushed form, juicy feed in finely chopped form, compound feed in granular form, mineral additives in ground form, RU No. 2636760 C2, A23K 50/75, A23K 50/70, 28.11. 2017.

A known method of improving the quality of products when growing broilers, including the introduction of feed additives in the main diet in the form of the probiotic "Monosporin" and the mineral adsorbent "Toxynon", RU No. 2632935 C1, A23K 50/75, A23K 20/00, A23K 10/16, 10/11/2017.

A known method of feeding laying hens, including the introduction into the main diet of a biologically active feed additive from plant resources of the Magadan region, containing in its composition flour from brown seaweed (kelp), flour from pine needles and nettle flour, RU No. 2629993 C2, A23K 50/75, A23K 10/30, 09/05/2017.

There is a known method of feeding broiler chickens, which provides for the introduction of a mineral premix in the form of alumina production waste - belite sludge in combination with mineral salts, RU No. 2622917 C1, A23K 50/75, A23K 20/20, 06/21/2017; RU No. 2284125 C1, A23K 1/175, A23K 1/18, 09.27.2006.

There is a method of increasing the productivity of farm poultry, including feeding it compound feed with a feed additive containing mineral components selenium, magnesium and zinc, Solutol HS 15 solubilizer and water, RU No. 2580358 C1, A23K 50/75, A23K 20/174, 04/10/2016.

A known method of using active coal feed additives to increase the productivity of laying hens, including the addition of activated carbon obtained in the burning of soft-leaved species of wood and having a particle size of 0.1 to 2 mm, RU No. 2505069 C1, A23K 1/00, 27.01 .2014; RU No. 2422040 C2, A23K 1/00, 06/27/2011.

A known method of feeding broiler chickens, comprising introducing an additive into food or water, which is a culture of E. coli strain VL-613 VKPM B-3423 grown on a nutrient medium using Hottinger digest with the addition of yeast extract and mineral salts as the basis, when mixing the resulting biomass with fine zeolite, RU No. 2340204 C1, A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, 12/10/2008.

Known schungite sorbents and methods for their preparation:

A known composition for producing a granular combined nanostructured sorbent, including a binder in the form of a suspension of glauconite and bentonite clay on a water basis, finely dispersed sorption fillers: glauconite and fullerene-containing schungite, RU No. 2482911 C1, B01J 20/00, 05.27.2013.

Known sorbent catalyst for the purification of natural and wastewater based on pre-shungite schungite, while using shungite III with a carbon content of about 30%, the size of the crushed fractions 3-5 mm, which is washed with water and poured with a solution consisting of a mixture of 5% HCl and 5 % H ₂ O ₂ , RU No. 2470872 C2, C02F 1/28, B01J 20/20, B01J 20/32, 12/27/2012.

The use of shungite for water purification is known:

There is a method of activating water, which consists in its electrolysis between two electrodes of shungite, and the anode is not completely immersed in activated water, and the region of the anode at the air-water interface is irradiated with a laser beam, RU No. 2637225 C2, C02F 1/461, C02F 1/30 12/01/2017; RU No. 2515243 C2, C02F 1/461, 05/10/2014.

A known method of aerobic wastewater treatment, including wastewater supply, aeration, sorption and oxidation of contaminants on a loading material, wherein dispersed natural mineral shungite is used as a loading material when oxidizing pollution with dissolved oxygen directly on the surface of shungite, RU No. 2472719 C2, C02F 9 / 14, C02F 3/10, C02F 1/28, 01/20/2013.

A known method of water purification, including passing water through a magnetic field of permanent magnets, while magnetized water is insisted for 48 hours on crushed schungite in a ratio of 1:20 and separated from schungite, RU No. 2464236 C1, C02F 1/48, C02F 9/00 10/20/2012.

Known methods of water purification by exposure to shungite, RU No. 2448676 C1, AH 99/00, 04/27/2012; RU No. 2404926 C2, C02F 1/18, C02F 1/28, C02F 1/68, 11.27.2010; RU No. 2191748 C2, C02F 1/28, B01J 20/30, 10.27.2002; RU No. 2185328 C2, C02F 1/18, C02F 1/28, C02F 1/68, 07.20.2002; RU No. 2179531 C2, C02F 1/18, C02F 1/28, 02.20.2002; RU No. 2174956 C2, C02F 1/28, C02F 1/68, 10.20.2001; RU No. 2167107 C1, C02F 1/28, B01J 20/20, 05.20.2001; RU No. 2140274 C1, A61K 35/08, C02F 1/68, C02F 1/28, 10.27.1999; RU No. 2116261 C1, C02F 1/50, 07.27.1998; RU No. 2049070 C1, C02F 1/18, 11.27.1995.

Known technologies for processing shungite.

A known method of producing an aqueous dispersion of carbon nanoparticles from shungite, including grinding shungite, dispersing the shungite powder in water with ultrasound at a frequency of 22 kHz, filtering and centrifugation, RU No. 2642632 C2, C01B 32/15, B01J 13/00, 04/27/2012.

A known method of processing shungite, including crushing and grinding of schungite rock to particles with a size of 0.1-10 μm, and the crushed shungite is subjected to additional dispersion in an aqueous medium using grinding media 1-3 mm in size with respect to the mass of grinding media to the mass of shungite and the mass of water 3.0-7.0: 0.5-1.5: 5.0-8.0 for 1-2 hours, then the resulting mass is filtered and dried in vivo, RU No. 2448899 C2, C01B 31/00, С09С 1/44, 04/27/2012.

Known natural sorbents and methods for their use to reduce the level of mycotoxins:

A known method of producing a feed additive for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and birds, which consists in mechanochemical processing of raw materials in the form of a mixture of mineral sorbent and the cell wall of fodder yeast, while the mechanochemical treatment consists in grinding individual components in rotor-vortex type mills, RU No. 2502319 C1 , A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175, A23K 1/20, A23K 36/06, A61P 1/02, 12/27/2013.

There is a method of producing a feed additive for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals and birds by crushing a cellulose-containing substrate, adding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast autolysate and process water, and pasteurizing the mixture, followed by enzymatic treatment of the substrate with a cellulolytic enzyme, drying and adding a probiotic feed additive by Ferm KM cultivation of strains of Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130 and Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2984 on a nutrient medium, RU No. 2433738 C1, A23K 1/00, 20.11.2 011.

A known method of obtaining a biological product for the elimination of mycotoxins from feed raw materials, comprising mixing in a ratio of 5: 1 sorbent selected from aluminosilicates — zeolites or bentonites, and a sorbent selected from the group of layered sorbents — vermiculite or montmorillonite, and combining the resulting mixture with riboxin, lecithin L-carnitine, an organic acid and an enzymatic proteolytic preparation based on the bacterial culture fluid of Bacillus subtilis Protosubtilin, RU No. 2420565 C1, A23K 1/165, 06/10/2011.

A known composition for normalizing microflora and cleansing the body of toxins containing insoluble enterosorbent (dietary fiber from the group: lignin, vegetable fiber, bran, cellulose and its esters, microcrystalline cellulose, highly esterified insoluble pectin or mineral from the group: zeolite, smectite, silicon silicon dioxide), activated carbon), a prebiotic and edible fat of the lauric type, and the enterosorbent and prebiotic are introduced in the form of a powder with a particle size of not more than 65 microns, RU No. 2440121 C2, A23K 31/7016 , A23K 31/402, A23K 36/00, A61P 1/00, 01/20/2012; RU No. 2433751 C2, A23K 36/00, A61P 1/00, 11/20/2011.

Known enterosorbent based on silica-containing mineral raw materials containing sedimentary opal-cristobalite rock of the Zikeevsky deposit of the Kaluga region, containing not more than 15 wt. % clay minerals of the montmorillonite group and not more than 10 wt. % minerals of the mica group, RU No. 2319488 C1, A23K 33/06, A61P 25/32, A61P 25/36, A61P 39/00, 03/20/2008.

Known composite enterosorbent with lignin hydrolysis, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin and highly dispersed silicon dioxide, RU No. 2234931 C2, A23K 35/78, A23K 33/00, A23K 47/38, A61P 1/00, 08/27/2004.

Known methods of feeding poultry and feed additives for implementing these methods do not have technical solutions that match the technical solutions of the proposed group of inventions.

Known multifunctional enterosorbent based on natural silicon-containing mineral raw materials containing shungite-containing mineral raw materials, RU No. 2430731 C1, A23K 35/02, A61P 1/00, A61P 39/00, A61P 39/02, 10/10/2011.

This technical solution was taken as the closest analogue of this group of inventions.

The closest analogue is a highly effective enterosorbent that has high sorption properties against a wide range of toxic substances and is used as a feed additive for feeding farm birds.

The introduction of the enterosorbent of the closest analogue into the diet of farm birds has a positive effect on weight gain, egg production, preservation, and resistance; it is also used for the prevention and treatment of toxicosis and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of various etiologies in farm birds.

The enterosorbent of the closest analogue is used with an average median particle size of 15.0 * 10 ^-6 m, other processing of shungite-containing mineral raw materials is not provided in it.

The basis of this group of inventions is to solve a problem that allows expanding the possibilities of preparing food with the introduction of a feed additive, improving the quality of food with it and enhancing the positive effects in the prevention and treatment of toxicosis.

The technical result of the invention is the use of feed additives of various structures in accordance with the variant, in the preparation of feed additives based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C, in expanding the technology of feeding poultry.

According to the group of inventions, this problem is solved due to the fact that the method of reducing the negative impact of mycotoxins in poultry by using a feed additive in the form of a sorbent based on natural shungite-containing mineral raw materials.

Option 1

As a schungite-containing mineral raw material, a mineral additive is introduced on the basis of shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of grits with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the first 14 days of cultivation and in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed and shungite gravel 2-3 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed for the entire subsequent growing period.

Option 2

As a schungite-containing mineral raw material, a mineral additive is introduced on the basis of shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of grits with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed for the whole growing period.

Option 3

As a shungite-containing mineral raw material, a mineral additive is introduced based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of a powder of 20-30 μm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the entire growing period.

The applicant has not identified sources containing information about technical solutions identical to this group of inventions, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the group of inventions (together with the features indicated in the restrictive part of the formula), important new properties of the object are achieved.

The use of mineral additives based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm and shungite gravel 2-3 mm (Option 1) or in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1- 1.5 mm (Option 2) or in the form of a powder with a particle size of 10-20 μm (Option 3) expands the possibilities of preparing feed.

The introduction of a mineral additive based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C (Options 1, 2, 3) improves the quality of the feed.

Feeding poultry in accordance with the proposed technological regimes for growing poultry and adding a mineral additive to the feed in a certain amount increases the quality of the feed and enhances the positive effects in the prevention and treatment of toxicosis.

The applicant is not aware of any publications that would contain information on the influence of the distinguishing features of the group of inventions on the achieved technical result. In this regard, according to the applicant, it can be concluded that the claimed technical solutions meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The present group of inventions is as follows.

Options 1, 2, 3

The method aims to reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins in poultry.

To implement the method, a feed additive is used in the form of a sorbent based on natural shungite-containing mineral raw materials.

As a schungite-containing mineral raw material, a mineral additive is introduced based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C.

Option 1

The mineral additive is introduced in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the first 14 days of cultivation and in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1, 5 mm in the amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed and shungite crushed stone 2-3 mm in the amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed for the entire subsequent growing period.

Option 2

The mineral additive is introduced in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the entire growing period.

Option 3

The mineral additive is introduced in the form of a powder of 20-30 μm per 100 g of feed during the entire growing period.

Shungite rock is an ancient Precambrian carbonaceous formation with an age of about 2 billion years, with a specific structure and properties.

Shungite carbon (a solid residue of ancient oil), which is part of the rocks, has a fulleron-like structure, is characterized by high chemical and physico-chemical activity. Fullerene is the most powerful and long-acting antioxidant.

Chemical analyzes of shungite rocks and soils show the constant presence in them of such trace elements as molybdenum, copper, vanadium, arsenic, boron, nickel, zinc, chromium and others, as well as potassium compounds, partially passing into aqueous extracts.

Due to the developed and active surface, schungite rocks have good adsorption properties with respect to organic substances of various classes.

Shungite as a sorbent is characterized by a number of positive characteristics:

- high mechanical strength and low abrasion;

- high filtering ability (manufacturability, characterized by low pressure resistance);

- the ability to sorb many substances, both organic (oil products, benzene, phenol, pesticides, etc.) and mineral (iron, manganese, phosphorus, arsenic).

A mineral additive is prepared from natural shungite-containing mineral raw materials.

The mineral additive is used as a sorbent, it is an acidic neutralizer of mycotoxins, anthropogenic pollution with a wide spectrum of action.

A mineral additive is obtained by roasting natural shungite-containing mineral raw materials.

Natural shungite-containing mineral raw materials are calcined industrially at a temperature of at least 280 ° C and used as a mineral additive.

Processing shungite-containing mineral raw materials is carried out by air-thermal method at a temperature of from 280 ° C to 480 ° C from 1 hour to 6 hours.

After processing, the raw materials are sent for grinding to a crusher.

The grinding is carried out according to the specified technological conditions: to obtain grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm (Options 1, 2) on a cone or roller mill, and powder with a particle size of 20-30 microns on a NETZSCH jet mill (Option 3 )

The quantitative ratios of the use of additives in technological modes of growing poultry are confirmed by experimental studies and are optimal.

Using an additive based on shungite solves the problem of prevention and treatment of toxic poisoning of poultry, ensuring the neutralization of a wide range of polar and nonpolar mycotoxins, the prevention and treatment of mycotoxicoses, sorption of anthropogenic pollution, increasing the reactivity of the organism of poultry to adverse effects.

To study the sorption qualities of the additive, croup fractions with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm were used.

Mycotoxin adsorption was determined by a single concentration method. This method determines the adsorption of a pure toxin preparation in an aqueous medium, where a known amount of mycotoxin reacts with a known amount of sorbent.

The following concentrations of mycotoxins were used for the study: zearalenone 100 μg / L working solution, ochratoxin 5 μg / L, aflatoxin 4 μg / L, T-2 toxin 60 μg / L.

To prepare working solutions of toxins, standard solutions of mycotoxins with a high concentration manufactured by LLC ChromLab were used. Sorbent was added in an amount of 0.1% by weight. from the volume of the solution.

The true sorption capacity of the additive was determined by the difference between the adsorption and desorption of mycotoxins by this sorbent.

Sorption of mycotoxins was carried out at pH = 2.0, temperature 37 ° C for 1 hour, simulating the conditions of the stomach of farm animals and birds. The desorption of mycotoxins was carried out at pH = 7.0, a temperature of 37 ° C for 3 hours, simulating the intestinal conditions of animals. Samples were taken during desorption after 1 hour and after 3 hours. The following data on the sorption-desorption of mycotoxins in additive samples were obtained:

* Desorption rate for 3 hours.

Desorption under simulated bowel conditions is observed only with aflatoxin. Aflatoxin is slightly desorbed in the intestine. The maximum sorption capacity of the sample "shungite 0.5-1.0" was detected in relation to zearalenone and is 92.08%. This sorbent actively sorb both in acidic and in neutral reaction. Adsorption of zearalenone, T-2 toxin actively continues when the sorbent is in simulated intestinal conditions (from 1 to 3 hours). The minimum sorption capacity was detected in relation to ochratoxin of 41.49%.

Depending on the mineral base (aluminosilicate, siliceous, carbonate), the mineral additive has adsorption, absorbing, highly reactive, catalytic and other properties. Mostly all these properties are due to a combination of the main macroelements: silicon and fullerene-like carbon.

The mineral additive has the following chemical composition:

The mineral supplement enriches the feed with the necessary micro elements. The inclusion of shungite-based mineral supplements in feed for poultry feed substantially fills the need for macro- and micronutrients.

The mineral additive neutralizes mycotoxins in feeds, does not pass pathogenic micro flora from feeds into the gastrointestinal tract, and neutralizes free radicals.

The implementation of the method is confirmed by the following examples:

Example 1

The main indicators of broiler chickens growing when a mineral additive is added to the feed (not containing mycotoxins) a mineral supplement The study was conducted at the Zagorsk EPH VNITIP of the Russian Agricultural Academy on Cobb 500 broiler chickens from 5 to 36 days old, in R-15 cell batteries, 30 each goals in the group. Planting rates, light, temperature, wet conditions, the front of feeding and watering in all age periods corresponded to the recommendations of VNITIP (2009). The young were fed with full-feed loose feeds ad libitum. The nutritional value of feed was in line with the recommendations of VNITIP, 2015.

For a period of 1-14 days, compound feeds under the Starter brand were fed; 15-21 days - feed Grover; 22-36 days - feed finisher.

Of the daily conditional broiler chickens, 4 groups were formed by random sampling:

The main zootechnical indicators for broiler chickens are presented in table 1.

From the data of table 1, it is seen that the safety of the bird in all groups was high and was at the level of 100%.

The best indicators of live weight were obtained in experimental groups 1 and 2 (Options 1 and 2), where the chickens received a mineral supplement based on shungite in the form of grains and shungite crushed stone (group 1 Option 1) and a mineral supplement based on shungite in the form of grains ( Group 2 Option 2).

So the live weight of broiler chickens in experimental groups 1 and 2 (Options 1, 2) at 14 days of age was 364 and 363, at 21 days of age - 1135 and 1140 g, and at 42 days of age, 2244 and 2256 g, respectively, which is higher than broiler chickens in the control group (K 1) by an average of 1.7 - 2.1%.

At 42 days of age, the live weight of the chickens in the experimental groups 1 and 2, Options 1 and 2) was 1.4 and 0.9% higher than broiler chickens in the control group (K 1), and by 1.9 for males -1.4%, respectively.

Feeding broiler chickens compound feeds with mineral supplements according to Options 1 and 2 contributed to the average daily growths of young animals for 42 days of experiment 52.37 g and 52.66 g, respectively, which exceed the growths of broiler chickens in the control group (K 1) by 1, 2 and 1.7%.

Broilers that received mixed feed with a mineral supplement based on shungite in the form of a powder (group 3, Option 3) in all age periods of cultivation had live weight at the level of the control group (K 1).

Over the entire period of growing, broiler chickens of the experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 (Options 1, 2, and 3) consumed compound feeds of 3.716 kg, 3.714 kg, and 3.694 kg. In this case, the cost of feed per 1 kg of increase in live weight amounted to 1,679-1,690 kg and were lower than the control group (K 1) by 1.17-1.82%.

The main indicators of digestibility and use of nutrients of broiler chickens at the age of 30-35 days are shown in table 2.

From the data of table 2 it follows that the indices for protein digestibility, fat and nitrogen utilization in experimental groups 1, 2, 3 (Options 1, 2, 3) were slightly higher than in broiler chickens in the control group (K 1). Thus, protein digestibility in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 was higher by 1.4-2.4%, fat - by 0.6-1.8%, nitrogen use - by 0.8-1.6%. The use of calcium and phosphorus in broiler chickens in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 (Options 1, 2, 3) was almost at the level of the control group (K 1).

The chemical composition of the pectoral and foot muscles of 42-day-old broiler chickens,%, is shown in table 3.

From the data of table 3 it follows that the chemical composition of the leg and pectoral muscles of broiler chickens treated with the mineral supplement "Mustala" based on shungite, there were no significant differences, however, the protein in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 (Options 1, 2 and 3 ) was higher than the level of the control group (K 1), while the content of crude fat tended to decrease, while the ash content did not change much.

Example 2

The main indicators of broiler chickens when added to the feed (containing mycotoxins) mineral supplements

The study was conducted at the FSUE Zagorsk EPH VNITIP of the Russian Agricultural Academy on Cobb 500 broiler chickens from 5 to 36 days of age, in R-15 cell batteries, 30 animals in a group. Planting rates, light, temperature, wet conditions, the front of feeding and watering in all age periods corresponded to the recommendations of VNITIP (2009).

Of the daily conditioned broiler chickens, 3 groups were formed by random sampling:

The main zootechnical indicators for broiler chickens are presented in table 4.

From the data of table 4, it is seen that broiler chickens of experimental groups 4 and 5 (Options 3 and 2), who received mixed feed with an average level of infection with mycotoxins (ochratoxin A - 0.025-0.026 mg / k, aflatoxin B1 - 0.052-0.080 mg / kg , T-2 toxin - 0.23-0.29 mg / kg, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin 0.9-1.0 and 3.0-4.0 mg / kg) had live weight at 14 days of age 350 and 353, at 21 days of age - 1099 and 1105 g, and at 42 - days of age, 2197 and 2212 g and exceeded the control group over the growing periods (K 2).

At 42 days of age, live weight in chickens in experimental groups 4 and 5 was higher by 4.3 and 5.0%, and in males - by 4.3-4.9%) compared with the control group (K 2) .

When using mixed feeds of medium infection with mycotoxins in broiler rations, the average daily gain in live weight was 51.25 and 51.61 g and was higher than the level of the control group (K 2).

The main indicators of digestibility and use of nutrients of broiler chickens at the age of 30-35 days are shown in table 5.

From the data of table 5 it follows that when using feed of medium infection with mycotoxins in experimental groups 4 and 5 (Options 3 and 2), protein digestibility was higher by 2.0 and 2.2%, the amount of fat was higher by 0.9%, and nitrogen utilization was higher than 2.1 and 2.2%, respectively, compared with the control group (K 2).

In addition, in experimental groups 4 and 5 (Options 3 and 2), the availability of lysine was higher by 1.7 and 2.3 and the availability of methionine was higher by 1.1 and 1.2% compared with the control group (K 2).

The use of calcium in experimental groups 4 and 5 (Options 3 and 2) was at the level of the control group (K 2), and phosphorus is slightly lower.

The chemical composition of the pectoral and foot muscles of 42-day-old broiler chickens,%, are shown in table 6.

From the data of table 6 it follows that in the pectoral and leg muscles of broiler chickens in experimental groups 4 and 5 (Options 3 and 2), insignificant dynamics of protein, fat and ash is observed compared to the control group (K 2).

The conditions of feeding, feeding and rations in Example 1 and Example 2 were identical, which makes it possible to conduct a comparative assessment of the main zootechnical indicators between the control group (K 1) Example 1, the control group (K 2) Example 2 and the experimental group (5) Example 2 .

A comparative assessment is given in table 7.

From table 7 it is seen that the K2 group zootechnical indicators, where broilers consumed food with medium infection mycotoxins, there was a decrease in all productivity indicators, including live weight, average daily gain, slaughter carcass yield, feed costs increased by 1 kg of live weight gain. In group 5, where a shungite-based mineral supplement in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm was introduced into the feed along with mycotoxins of moderate infection, the zootechnical indices remained at the level of the control group K1, which consumed clean feed.

To reduce the negative consequences of using poor-quality feed with an average level of mycotoxin contamination for broiler chickens, they should include in their feed a mineral supplement based on shungite according to Option 1 or Option 2, or Option 3.

When a shungite-based mineral supplement is included in Options 1, 2 and 3, the live weight of broiler chickens increases and feed conversion improves.

The prophylactic use of a mineral supplement based on shungite, processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C, allows to reduce the negative effect of mycotoxins on the body of broiler chickens and maintain their productivity at a calculated level.

The use of mineral additives in poultry feed has been tested under industrial conditions at the poultry farms of Karelia and is recommended by the All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry (GNU-VNITIP) and VGOOD VPR “Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin "for use by Russian poultry farms.

The proposed group of inventions "Method for reducing the negative impact of mycotoxins in poultry (three Options)" includes the use of well-known feed production technologies based on mineral additives that are widely used in agriculture, and the experimental work on the basis of the FSUE Zagorsk EPH VNITIP of the Russian Agricultural Academy is determined, according to the applicant , the compliance of the group of inventions with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The proposed group of inventions allows:

- expand the possibilities of preparing food with the introduction of a feed additive;

- improve the quality of feed with feed additive;

- strengthen the positive effects in the prevention and treatment of toxicosis.

Key livestock indicators for broiler chickens

Example 1)

Main indicators of digestibility and use of nutrients of broiler chickens at the age of 30-35 days

(Example 1)

The chemical composition of the pectoral and foot muscles of 42-day-old broiler chickens,%,

(Example 1)

Key livestock indicators for broiler chickens

(Example 2)

Main indicators of digestibility and use of nutrients of broiler chickens at the age of 30-35 days

(Example 2)

The chemical composition of the pectoral and foot muscles of 42-day-old broiler chickens,%,

(Example 2)

A comparative assessment of the main zootechnical indicators between the control group (K 1) Example 1, the control group (K 2) Example 2 and the experimental group (5) Example 2.

Claims (3)

1. A method of reducing the negative impact of mycotoxins in poultry by using a feed additive in the form of a sorbent based on natural schungite-containing mineral raw materials, characterized in that as a schungite-containing mineral raw material, a mineral additive is introduced based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the first 14 days of cultivation and in the form of grits with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0, 05- 0.5 g per 100 g of feed and shungite gravel 2-3 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the entire subsequent growing period. 2. A method of reducing the negative impact of mycotoxins in poultry by using a feed additive in the form of a sorbent based on natural schungite-containing mineral raw materials, characterized in that a mineral additive based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of grains is introduced with a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the entire growing period. 3. A method of reducing the negative impact of mycotoxins in poultry by using a feed additive in the form of a sorbent based on natural schungite-containing mineral raw materials, characterized in that as a schungite-containing mineral raw material, a mineral additive based on shungite processed at a temperature of at least 280 ° C in the form of powder is introduced 20-30 microns in an amount of 0.05-0.5 g per 100 g of feed during the entire growing period.