RU2486906C2 - Method of treating respiratory diseases in young farm animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science, and aims at treating respiratory diseases in young farm animals. The complex preparation tylocolin is administered to the animals once a day for 3-5 days intramuscularly. A dose is 0.05 ml/kg of body weight in calves, and 0.075 ml/kg of body weight in piglets.

EFFECT: use of the method enables higher clinical effectiveness in the respiratory diseases of young farm animals.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and for the treatment of respiratory diseases of young farm animals.

One of the urgent veterinary problems that reduce the profitability of animal husbandry in the Russian Federation remains respiratory diseases of young animals. Damage from respiratory diseases is expressed as a decrease in productivity, mortality, culling, and treatment costs. Diseases of this group can reduce the economic efficiency of the industry by 20-30% [V. Mishchenko et al. The role of coronavirus in the respiratory pathology of young cattle. // Veterinary medicine. - 2009. - No. 5. - S.17-20]. Losses from respiratory diseases are caused by the high incidence of piglets and calves (34.5-35.1%), death (32.8-38.5%) and forced slaughter of sick animals [Balkova I.I. et al. // Non-communicable diseases of farm animals in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (2007). - Veterinary Consultant, 2008, No. 9-10, pp. 12-13].

In the etiology of respiratory diseases in piglets, along with viruses (causative agents of PRRS, influenza, circovirus and other infections), mycoplasmas, actinobacilli, bordetella, hemophils, pasteurella, coccal microflora and others play an important role [B.G. Orlyankin, T.I. Aliperov , E.A. Nepoklonov // Infectious respiratory diseases of pigs. / Veterinary medicine, No. 11, 2005, pp. 3-6.], And in calves at different stages of the development of pathology, viruses of infectious rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, viral diarrhea - diseases of the mucous membranes, mycoplasma, pasteurella, salmonella, streptococcus in various combinations take part [Glotov A.G. et al. The effectiveness of preventive measures for mixed respiratory viral infections of cattle // Materials of the international scientific-practical conference. "Actual problems of infectious pathology and animal immunology." M .: 2006 - p. 189-191].

In recent years, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the effectiveness of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis in patients with a respiratory symptom complex. Cyclic methods of treatment with the same drug lead to the emergence of protracted forms of diseases and the formation of antimicrobial resistant populations of pathogens. Moreover, most diseases occur in the form of associated infections, which greatly complicates the healing process [Shakhov A.G. // Etiology and prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of calves and piglets / Veterinary consultant. No. 1, 2003, pp. 11-13].

In this regard, among modern chemotherapeutic agents, complex preparations containing components with different mechanisms of action, possessing synergism, are becoming increasingly important.

A known method of treating pneumonia using the drug tilovet, which contains wt.%: Tylosin tartrate - 50 g and lactose - up to 100 g [Veterinary drugs in Russia: a Handbook in 2 volumes. T. 1 / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - P.182].

A known analogue is a method of treating respiratory diseases using the drug pharmazin, containing as an active substance the antibiotic tylosin tartrate 500 mg per 1 g of the drug [Veterinary preparations in Russia: Handbook in 2 volumes. T. 1 / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - P.187].

However, the use of these drugs does not always lead to the desired results. The clinical manifestation of diseases is often accompanied by a decrease or even a lack of appetite, which can lead to a shortage of the therapeutic dose of the drug with food or water, therefore oral administration of antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia does not always lead to the full recovery of all sick animals.

There is a method of treating pneumonia using the drug enroflox 5%, an injection solution containing 50 mg enrofloxacin in 1 ml as the active substance [Veterinary preparations in Russia: Handbook in 2 volumes. T. 1 / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - P.232].

There is a method of treating pneumonia with the use of Baytril 10%, an injection solution containing 100 mg enrofloxacin in 1 ml as the active substance [Veterinary preparations in Russia: Handbook in 2 volumes. T. 1 / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - Page 221].

A known analogue is a method of treating pneumonia using gentamicin sulfate 4%, which is a mixture of several antibiotics produced by Micromonospora purpurea. Available in the form of a sterile solution containing 40 mg of active substance in 1 ml. In the treatment of pneumonia in cattle and pigs, a 4% gentamicin sulfate solution is administered intramuscularly twice a day with an interval of 10-12 hours, respectively, at doses of 3.0 and 4.0 mg / kg body weight [Veterinary preparations in Russia: Reference 2 volumes. T.1. / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - S.168-169].

The closest technical solution is a method of treating pneumonia using the drug tylosin 50, which is an injectable 5% solution, 1 ml of which contains 50 mg of tylosin in the form of a base [Veterinary preparations in Russia: A Handbook in 2 volumes. T. 1 / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - P.183]. In the treatment of respiratory diseases, tylosin 50 is administered intramuscularly 1 time per day for 3-5 days in the following doses: cattle - 5-10 mg / kg of animal weight, pigs - 10 mg / kg [Veterinary preparations in Russia: Reference 2 volumes. T. 1 / I.F.Klenova, K.L. Maltsev, N.A. Yaremenko, I.A. Arkhipov. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2004. - P.183].

However, weak antimicrobial activity against most gram-negative microorganisms that are the causative agents of respiratory diseases leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory diseases of young farm animals.

The method is as follows.

After a diagnosis is made once a day for 3-5 days, the calves are intramuscularly at a dose of 0.05 ml / kg body weight, and the piglets - 0.075 ml / kg body weight are given the drug tylokolin. The drug is heated to 37-38 ° C before use. Calves are not recommended to administer more than 5 ml in one place, piglets - more than 2.5 ml of the drug, when prescribing large volumes, the dose is crushed and administered in different places. With repeated injections, it is recommended to change the injection site. In the recommended doses, no side effects and complications are observed. The drug is not recommended to be used simultaneously with pinicillins, cephalosporins and lincomycin in connection with a pronounced decrease in the antibacterial effect. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 7 days after the last injection of the drug. The meat of animals forced to be killed before the expiration of the specified period can be used for feeding carnivores or for the production of meat and bone meal.

Tilokolin is a new antibacterial complex preparation based on tylosin base and colistin sulfate [Kabitsky SN, Chusov DB Therapeutic efficacy of tylokolin in calves Escherichiosis // Actual problems of young diseases in modern conditions: Mater. Int. scientific-practical conf. - Voronezh, 2008. - S.311-314], consisting of the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Colistin Sulfate - 4.0-6.0

Tylosin base - 4.0-6.0

Sodium pyrosulfite - 0.32

Benzyl alcohol - 4.0

Water for injection - 15.0

1,2-propylene glycol - up to 100.0%

The combination in the dosage form of two antimicrobial components with a different mechanism of action provides the best bactericidal and therapeutic effect in pathology caused by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora.

The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of tylosin is inhibition of protein synthesis as a result of interaction with bacterial ribosome aminocyl-t-RNA and peptidyl-t-RNA. It blocks the formation of polysomal functional complexes and the translation of amino acids associated with t-RNA.

The antimicrobial effect of colistin is based on a direct effect on the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms, adsorbing on its phospholipid components, which contributes to the violation of its permeability and the release of water-soluble components of cytoplasms into the environment.

The main purpose of the combined use of tylosin base and colistin sulfate is to expand the spectrum of antimicrobial activity and prevent the formation of resistance of microorganisms.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Performance indicators in the treatment of respiratory diseases in piglets.

The study of the therapeutic efficacy of the drug for respiratory diseases of piglets was carried out in three experiments. The etiology of pneumonia was established comprehensively on the basis of clinical, pathoanatomical data and laboratory results.

The first experiment was conducted at Liven Meat OJSC Agrofirm of the Liven region of the Oryol region on pigs of 40-45 days of age, which were divided into 2 groups, taking into account the general condition and severity of the disease, under the same feeding and maintenance conditions.

Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis were identified during bacteriological examination of pathological material from piglets killed for diagnostic purposes with pneumonia. By PCR, the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae gene was detected in the affected lungs.

Piglets of the experimental group (n = 24) were administered parenteral tylokolin at a dose of 0.075 ml / kg body weight for 3-5 days, the control (n = 28) - baytril 0.05 ml / kg body weight 1 time per day for 10 days .

The experimental animals were under clinical observation, taking into account the general condition, death, weight gain. The result is presented in table 1.

The use of tylokolin contributed to the recovery of 91.7% of the animals, with 85.7% in the control group. The piglets of the experimental and control groups recovered on the 7th day of treatment, the average daily weight gain in piglets of the experimental group was 10% higher than in the control.

Table 1 Therapeutic efficacy of tylokolin in respiratory diseases of piglets Indicators Tilokolin Baytril The number of animals in the group 24 28 Dose, route of administration 0.075 ml / kg
in / m 0.05 ml / kg i / m Duration of treatment, days 10 10 The number of recovered animals, goal. (%) 22 (91.7) 24 (85.7) The number of dead animals, goal. (%) 0 (0) 0 (0) Remained sick animals, goal. (%) 2 (8.3) 4 (14.3) The weight of piglets at the beginning of the experiment, kg 7.65 7.7 Weight of piglets after treatment, kg 9.25 9.3 The average daily gain, g 155 160 Recovery time, days 8.1 ± 0.4 7.5 ± 0.2 Therapeutic efficacy,% 91.7 85.7

The second experiment was carried out in the Livestock Meat Agrofirm OJSC of the Liven district of the Oryol Region on piglets of 2.5 months of age.

In bacteriological examination of pathological material from piglets killed for diagnostic purposes with pneumonia, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated. In a molecular genetic study, the genomes of the CVC-II virus, chlamydia, Mycoplasma hyiopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis were isolated.

The animals of the first group (n = 15) were administered parenterally tylokolin at a dose of 0.075 ml / kg body weight 1 time per day for 3-5 days. The animals of the control group (n = 11) were administered enroflox orally at a dose of 2 ml per head. Treatment of sick animals was carried out for 10 days.

The experimental animals were under clinical observation, taking into account the general condition, death, weight gain. The results are presented in table 2.

table 2 Therapeutic efficacy of tylokolin in respiratory diseases of piglets Indicators Tilokolin Enroflox The number of animals in the group fifteen eleven Dose, route of administration 0.075 ml / kg
in / m 2 ml per animal
by Duration of treatment, days 10 10 The number of recovered animals, goal. (%) 13 (86.7) 9 (81.8) The number of dead animals, goal. (%) 0 (0) 0 (0) Remained sick animals, goal. (%) 2 (13.3) 2 (18.2) The weight of piglets at the beginning of the experiment, kg 23.5 ± 0.71 23.7 ± 0.47 Weight of piglets after treatment, kg 26.46 ± 0.79 26.6 ± 0.51 The average daily gain, g 296 ± 9.3 289 ± 4.0 Recovery time, days 7.5 ± 0.23 7.6 ± 0.26 Therapeutic efficacy,% 86.7 81.8

Therapeutic efficacy with tilokolin was 86.7%. Recovery occurred on the 7th day with an average daily weight gain of 296 ± 9.3 g. 81.8% of the animals recovered in the control group, the average daily weight gain was 289 ± 4.0 g.

The third experiment was conducted on the farm to them. Lenin of the Tambov region on piglets 50-55 days of age.

During bacteriological examination of pathological material from pigs killed for diagnostic purposes, the Past culture was isolated. multocida. By PCR, the genomes of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, and circovirus type II were detected in the affected lungs.

Piglets of the experimental group (n = 24) used parenteral tylokolin at a dose of 0.075 ml / kg body weight for 3-5 days, the control (n = 20) - tylosin 50 at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of body weight for 9 days.

The experimental animals were under clinical observation, taking into account the general condition, death, weight gain. The results are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Therapeutic efficacy of the drug for respiratory diseases in piglets Indicators Tilokolin Tylosin 50 The number of animals in the group, goal. 24 twenty Dose, route of administration v / m, 0.075 ml / kg in / m, 1 ml / 10 kg Duration of treatment, days 9 9 The number of recovered animals, goal. (%) 20 (83.3) 16 (80.0) The number of dead animals, goal. (%) 0 (0) 0 (0) Remained sick animals, goal. (%) 4 (16.7) 4 (20.0) The weight of piglets at the beginning of the experiment, kg 9.05 ± 0.25 9.09 ± 0.28 Weight of piglets after treatment, kg 10.73 ± 0.09 10.72 ± 0.08 The average daily gain, g 187 ± 6.8 181 ± 5.9 Recovery time, days 6.30 ± 0.13 7.00 ± 0.16 Therapeutic efficacy,% 83.3 80.0

The use of tylokolin contributed to the recovery of 83.3% of the animals with 80.0% in the control group. In the experimental group, recovery occurred on day 6, while the average daily weight gain was 187 g. In the control group, recovery occurred on day 7 with an average daily increase of 181 g.

Example 2. Performance indicators in the treatment of respiratory diseases in calves.

The study of the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug for respiratory diseases of calves was carried out in two experiments. The etiology of pneumonia was established comprehensively on the basis of clinical, pathoanatomical data and laboratory results.

The first experiment was conducted in the SEC "Staronikolskoye" of the Khokholsky District of the Voronezh Region on calves of 2-2.5 months of age weighing 55-95 kg.

During bacteriological examination of pathological material from sick calves, cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated. Streptococcus bovis, Staph. aureus. In the study of nasal swabs by PCR, the herpes virus of the cattle type I virus (virus ИРТ) was isolated.

Calves of the experimental group (n = 26) were administered parenteral tylokolin at a dose of 0.05 ml / kg body weight, the control (n = 20) tylosin 50, the dose, method, and the frequency of drug administration were determined according to the instructions for use.

The animals were under clinical observation, taking into account the general condition, mortality, and terms of clinical recovery.

The results of the experiment are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Therapeutic efficacy of the drug in respiratory diseases in calves Indicators Group of animals Tylosin 50 Tilokolin Number of animals, goal. twenty 26 Recover, goal. (%) 17 (85.0) 24 It’s fallen, a goal. (%) - - Remained sick, goal. (%) 3 (15.0) 2 (7.7) Recovery time, days 7.1 ± 0.8 6.0 ± 0.6 Therapeutic efficacy,% 85.0 92.3

The use of tylokolin contributed to the recovery of 92.3% of the animals with 85.0% in the control group. In the experimental group, recovery occurred on day 6, in the control group, recovery occurred on day 7 (Table 4).

The second experience in studying the therapeutic efficacy of tylokolin for respiratory diseases in calves of 1.5-2 months of age was carried out in SEC (Artel) "Zarya" in Kolpnyansky district, Oryol region.

During bacteriological examination of pathological material (lungs with mediastinal nodes) Streptococcus gr. Was isolated from a fallen calf with respiratory pathology. D. Genomic Mycoplasma spp. Found in molecular genetic study of lung suspension from this calf. and the IRT virus.

For the treatment of calves in the control group, gentamicin sulfate 4% was used in accordance with the instructions for its use.

The animals of the experimental group were treated with intramuscular tylokolin at a dose of 0.05 ml / kg body weight once a day for 7 days.

The results of the experiment are presented in table 5.

Table 5 Therapeutic efficacy of tilocolin in respiratory diseases of calves Indicators Tilokolin Gentamicin 4% Number of animals, goals 46 37 Healed, goals (%) 41 (89.1) 30 (81.1) Fallen, goals (%) - - Remained sick, goals (%) 5 (10.9) 7 (18.9) Duration of recovery, days 5.82 ± 0.15 6.98 ± 0.17 Therapeutic efficacy,% 89.1 81.1

It was found that tylokolin has high therapeutic efficacy in respiratory diseases of calves (89.1%), which exceeds by 8.0% that of the base case. The drug provides earlier recovery, high safety of animals.

Thus, studies have established that the drug has a pronounced therapeutic effect in respiratory diseases of piglets and calves. The use of the drug is technologically and cost-effective.

Claims (1)

A method of treating respiratory diseases of young farm animals, comprising the use of a complex preparation containing tylosin base, characterized in that tylokolin is used as such a preparation according to the following scheme: once a day for 3-5 days, the calves are injected intramuscularly at a dose of 0.05 ml / kg body weight, and piglets - 0,075 ml / kg body weight.