RU2475647C2 - Mining method of thick steep ore bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method includes digging of workings for dividing of ore body in blocks, stage extraction of ore by chambers. After dividing of ore body into panels, blocks and chambers, development of chambers is done in staggered order as to ore body rise by the scheme I-_III-II-_IV as shown in dwg. 1-5. At that bottoms of adjacent chambers I (II) and III (IV) are displaced by one sub-level. Broken ore is transported from the chamber to bottom gangway along delivery crosscut drifted in the middle part of adjacent chamber which is used as drilling crosscut during its development. Development of ore of upper part of chambers is performed between artificial pillars from consolidating stowing mass, and of lower chamber - in ore rock. Coefficient of form K_f=b_u/h_p size of ore pillar corresponds to the following condition: 0.5<b_u/h_p<1, where: b_u - width of ore pillar and width of undeveloped chamber, m; h_p - height of ore pillar or half height of undeveloped chamber, m.

EFFECT: invention allows reducing overburden pressure on the elements of development system, reducing losses and ore impoverishment.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of an underground method of powerful steeply falling ore bodies with floor-and-chamber systems.

There is a method of developing powerful steeply falling ore bodies, including working the ore body from top to bottom with rhomboid blocks, dividing the block into two chambers, working out the upper part of the block with a rafter shaped chamber, laying the latter. Testing and laying of the chamber of the truss form of the block of the underlying floor. After a bookmark has been set with the required strength, chambers of a rhomboidal form of a block of an overlying floor are worked out, and chambers of a rhomboidal form are left unclosed [1].

The disadvantages of this method include the complexity of the shape of the extraction units, the acute-angled parts of the rhomboid chambers are high-voltage concentrators in the adjacent array, the arch in the filling array of the rhomboid-shaped chamber does not possess the necessary stability, which leads to increased ore dilution.

A known method for the development of powerful ore bodies, including mining the ore body with a chamber development system with the laying of the worked out space at great depths. Prior to the development of chamber reserves in the arrays of chambers of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd bursts, a discharge (cut-off) gap passes along the strike of ore bodies filled with stained ore in stages. After that, they begin working off, and then laying the cameras of the 1st queue. The breakdown of chamber reserves is performed on the discharge gap, which plays the role of a cutting gap. Next, ore arrays of chambers of 2 and 3 bursts for already conducted cutting slots are worked out [2].

The main disadvantage is the limited scope. Thus, the storing of chipped ore in discharge slots is unacceptable when mining pyrite ore deposits. The presence of sulfides in ores sharply limits the time of ore ore storage. Under the conditions of stage-by-stage (long-term) mining of chambers of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd bursts, advancing clearance of discharge slots leads to heating of ore packing and the occurrence of endogenous fires. In addition, the rectangular pillars left at the ends of the unloading slots are rectangular stress concentrators and their destruction in a dynamic form can provoke a rock blow.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence is a method for developing powerful steeply falling ore bodies with a storied-chamber development system with a hardening tab, including excavation of workings for dividing the ore body into blocks and stage-by-stage ore excavation by chambers, where the extraction block consists of chambers of the first, second and third stages of development, the chambers are arranged across the strike of the ore body, the blasting is carried out from sub-floor drifts (orts) by deep wells, the beaten ore is discharged from the chambers of the first stage, then camera works lay settable tab, and the second stage chamber and spend between ore and artificial entire third stage chamber between artificial entirely fulfill [3].

The disadvantages of this method include the limited use of it in the development of deposits at great depths due to the inability of the structural elements of the development system to withstand high rock pressure, since the load on interchamber ore pillars (chambers of the second and third mining stages) from the action of high rock pressure reaches their bearing capacity, as a result of which the pillars go into an unstable state and are destroyed at the stage of mining. This leads to an increase in losses and dilution of ore, reduces the safety of mining.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the influence of rock pressure on the elements of the development system and interchamber ore pillars by changing the order of mining chambers, as well as reducing losses and dilution of ore. The specified result is achieved by the fact that when developing powerful steep-dipping ore bodies with floor-chamber development systems with a hardening tab, mining of the chambers in the block is carried out in a “checkerboard” manner according to the scheme I- _III- II- _IV as shown in Figs. 1-5 , while the bottoms of adjacent chambers I (III) and II (IV) are displaced by one subfloor, and the beaten ore from the chamber to the recoil drift is transported by the delivery unit, passed in the middle of the adjacent chamber, which is used as a drilling unit, ore chipping at the top of the chamber reserves are between artificial entirely of consolidating stowing, and the bottom - in the ore massif. The shape factor (K _f = b _c / h _c ) of the ore pillar meets the condition:

0.5 <b _c / h _c <1,

where: b _c - the width of the ore pillar (width of the untreated chamber), m;

h _c - the height of the ore pillar (half the height of the untreated chamber), m

This condition, in the form of a mathematical dependence, is obtained empirically, and its fulfillment provides the necessary margin of safety and stability of the ore pillar during mining.

The laying of all chambers I, II, III and IV at 2/3 of their heights is carried out with a hardening mixture, and 1/3 of the (upper) chambers are hydraulic, and the border between the hardening and hydraulic bookmarks in the chamber is formed by 1 higher than the roof mark of the chambers of the underlying floor / 6 of its height. The parameters of various filling arrays were determined experimentally and, when working out chambers III and IV displaced lower by one floor, can prevent the entry of a hydraulic bookmark into the treatment space. The testing of chambers II and IV is carried out after the laying of chambers I and III, and the working out of chambers I and III - after a set of standard strength in chambers II and IV is set.

New features in the proposed method are:

- testing the cameras in the block is carried out in a “checkerboard” order according to the scheme I- _III- II- _IV as shown in Fig.1-5;

- the bottoms of adjacent chambers I (III) and II (IV) are shifted one floor;

- beaten ore from the chamber to the haulage drift is transported by a delivery unit passed in the middle part of the adjacent chamber, which, when mined, is used as a drilling unit;

- ore breaking of the upper part of the chamber reserves is carried out between artificial pillars from the hardening tab, and the lower part - in the ore mass;

- form factor (K _f = b _c / h _c ) ore pillar meets the condition:

0.5 <b _c / h _c <1,

where: b _c - the width of the ore pillar (width of the untreated chamber), m;

h _c - the height of the ore pillar (half the height of the untreated chamber), m;

- laying of all chambers I, II, III and IV at 2/3 of their height is carried out with a hardening mixture, and 1/3 of the (upper) chambers are hydraulic;

- the border between the hardening and the hydraulic tab in the chamber is formed above the mark of the roof of the chambers of the underlying sub-floor by 1/6 of its height;

- mining of chambers II and IV is carried out after laying the chambers I and III, a chambers I and III - after a set of standard strength in chambers II and IV is set.

An analysis of known solutions showed that the essence of the proposed solutions in them is characterized by a new set of features.

The inventive method is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 presents a diagram of mining chambers I, a section along the strike of the ore body;

figure 2 presents the scheme of mining chambers I, a section along aa;

figure 3 presents a diagram of mining chambers II, a section along the strike of the ore body;

figure 4 presents a diagram of mining chambers III, a section along the strike of the ore body;

figure 5 presents a diagram of mining chambers IV, a section along the strike of the ore body;

figure 6 presents the technological scheme and the bookmark parameters of the chambers hardening and hydraulic mixtures.

In the drawings (figures 1-6) are shown: I, II, III, IV - treatment chambers; 1 - delivery unit; 2 - drill unit; 3 - sub-floor drilling unit; 4 - loading arrivals; 5 - ventilation and filling orts; 6 - delivery (drilling) unit; 7 - fans of wells; 8 - part of the chamber, laid hardening mixture; 9 - part of the chamber, embedded in the hydraulic mixture.

The inventive method is as follows.

The testing of the chambers in the block is carried out in a "checkerboard" order according to the scheme I- _III- II- _IV as shown in Fig.1-5. The procedure for testing the cameras in the block is as follows. The first is practicing chamber I. After laying it, without waiting for the set of normative strength, they begin to refine the chamber II. After laying it and gaining the standard strength of the filling array in chambers I and II, they proceed to working out chambers III and IV according to the previously indicated scheme with one sub-floor below. The testing and laying of chambers III and IV in the block is carried out similarly to the testing and laying of chambers I and II. In the same order, cameras in other blocks are worked out. The processing of blocks in the panel is carried out in parallel and independently of each other.

The chambers in the block work across the strike of the ore body. The design of the bottom in the chambers at the stage of breaking and shipment of ore is a trench. At the end of the shipment of ore, the trench pillar is broken in the bottom of the chamber, its soil is cleaned, and a flat bottom is formed.

The stages of mining in the block during the extraction of chamber reserves are presented in the drawings (Fig.1-6).

Stage 1 (figures 1 and 2). The preparation of the reserves of chamber I on the delivery horizon is carried out by loading rides 4 from the delivery unit 1 passed through chamber III, of which drill unit 2 runs along the axis of chamber I along its entire length, and drilling along the axis of chamber I along the sub-floor (drilling) horizon of a sub-floor drilling ort 3. Preparing a ventilation-filling horizon by sinking through the roof of chamber I of a dead-end ventilation and filling orth 5. 5. The horizons are knocked off by cutting off rebels (not shown) to the entire height of chamber I.

The development of the chamber I reserves begins with the formation of a cutting gap over the entire width of the chamber I. The cleaning excavation includes breaking the main reserves of the chamber I with the fans of boreholes 7 and releasing the beaten ore to the delivery horizon from the loading rides 4. After the completion of the treatment work, the mined-out space of the chamber I is laid hardening 8 and hydraulic 9 mixtures.

Stage 2 (figure 3). To refine the chamber II, they begin after filling the bookmark with the clearing space of the chamber I, without waiting for the curing array to gain strength. The preparation of stocks of chamber II on the delivery horizon is carried out by carrying out loading rides 4 from the delivery unit 1, passed along chamber III of the underlying sub-floor, of which drill unit 2 passes along the axis of chamber II along its entire length 2. By preparatory excavation in chamber II on the sub-floor (drilling) horizon is the unit 6, traversed along the axis of chamber II, which was used as a delivery unit for working out chambers III and IV of the overlying sub-floor. To refine chamber II, unit 6 is used as a sub-floor drilling unit. The preparation of the ventilation-filling horizon is carried out by sinking through the roof of chamber II of the dead end ventilation-filling ort 5. The horizons are knocked together by a cutting riser to the entire height of chamber II.

Treatment works, release and delivery of the beaten ore from chamber II is carried out similarly to the chamber of the first stage I. At the end of the treatment work, the mined-out space of chamber II is laid.

Stage 3 (figure 4). The development of chamber III is started at the end of the set of normative strength of the filling array in chambers I and II. The preparation of stocks of chamber III at the delivery horizon is carried out from the loading unit, passed through chamber II of the underlying subfloor, loading rides 4, of which drilling unit 2 runs along the axis of chamber III along its entire length 2. By preparatory excavation in chamber III on the sub-floor (drilling) the horizon is the unit 6, traversed along the axis of chamber III, which was used as a delivery unit for working out chambers I and II of the stages of the overlying sub-floor. To refine chamber III, unit 6 is used as a sub-floor drilling unit. The preparation of the ventilation-filling horizon is carried out by sinking through the roof of the chamber III of the dead end ventilation-filling ort 5. The horizons are knocked together by a cutting riser to the entire height of chamber III. Testing and laying of chamber III is carried out similarly to chambers I and II.

Stage 4 (figure 5). The chamber IV is mined after completion of filling with the bookmark the treatment space of chamber III, without waiting for the curing array to gain strength. The preparation of the reserves of chamber IV on the delivery horizon is carried out by carrying out loading rides 4 from the delivery unit 1 passed through chamber II of the underlying sub-floor, of which drill unit 2 runs along the axis of chamber IV along its entire length. To prepare the reserves of chamber IV on the sub-floor (drilling) horizon are located along the axis of the chamber IV sub-floor drilling unit 3. Preparation of the ventilation-filling horizon is carried out by drilling through the roof of the chamber IV of a dead-end ventilation-filling orth 5. camera height IV. Testing and laying of chamber IV is carried out similarly to chambers I, II and III.

The displacement in each extraction block of the bottoms of chambers III and IV (ore pillars) relative to the bottoms of chambers I and II (former ore pillars) by half the height of these chambers (sub floor), and then the bottoms of chambers I and II (future ore pillars) relative to the bottoms of chambers III and IV (future ore pillars) on the sub-floor and so on form a “chess” order of mining. Ore breakdown of the upper part of the chamber reserves is carried out between artificial pillars from the hardening tab, and the lower part - in the ore mass. The shape factor (K _f = b _c / h _c ) of the ore pillar meets the condition:

0.5 <b _c / h _c <1,

where: b _c - the width of the ore pillar (width of the untreated chamber), m;

h _c - the height of the ore pillar (half the height of the untreated chamber), m

The fulfillment of this condition provides the necessary margin of safety and stability of ore pillars and reduces the influence of rock pressure on the elements of the development system as a whole.

Figure 6 presents the technological scheme and parameters of the bookmark cameras. The laying of all chambers I, II, III and IV at 2/3 of their heights is carried out with a hardening mixture, and the upper 1/3 of the chambers are hydraulic. The “checkerboard” order of working out the chambers with the displacement of the bottom of adjacent chambers I (II) and III (IV) by one floor allows to exclude the penetration of the hydraulic tab into the treatment space of the chamber being worked out, since when filling 2/3 of the chamber with a hardening mixture and the indicated displacement of the bottom of adjacent chambers , the border between the hardening and the hydraulic tab in the chamber is formed above the mark of the roof of the chambers of the underlying sub-floor by 1/6 of its height. This eliminates the ingress of hydraulic tabs into the treatment space of the chamber, thereby reducing ore dilution. Replacing 1/3 of the volume of the hardening bookmark chamber with a hydraulic one will reduce the cost of filling operations.

The inventive method was developed by OJSC "Uralmekhanobr" in the implementation of the project for the mining of ore bodies of mountains. 830-910 m of the Gaisky underground mine.

Information sources

1. A method for developing powerful steeply falling ore bodies. RF patent No. 2093678, IPC E21C 41/22, 10.20.1997 (analogue).

2. The method of underground mining of powerful ore bodies. RF patent No. 2323337, IPC E21C 41/22, 06/27/2007 (analog).

3. Ural mountain encyclopedia. Mountain Urals at the turn of the century. Volume II Yekaterinburg, 2004, p. 289 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. A method for developing powerful steeply falling ore bodies by floor-chamber development systems with a hardening tab, including excavation of workings for dividing the ore body into blocks and stage-by-stage ore excavation by chambers, characterized in that the chambers are mined in the block in a checkerboard pattern according to scheme I- _III -II- _IV as shown in Figures 1-5, with the bottoms of adjacent chambers are offset by one substage and broken ore from the chamber to the haulage drift transported through a delivery unit vector traversed in the middle of the adjacent chambers, which at its otrabot they are used as a drilling unit, the ore of the upper part of the chambers is broken between artificial pillars from the hardening tab, and the lower one in the ore mass, moreover, chambers II and IV are mined after laying chambers I and III, and chambers I and III are mined after recruiting laying standard strength in chambers II and IV. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape coefficient _KF = b _p / h _c ore pillar size corresponds to the condition:
0.5 <b _c / h _c <1,
where b _c - the width of the ore pillar or the width of the untreated chamber, m;
h _c - the height of the ore pillar or half the height of the untreated chamber, m 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of all chambers at 2/3 of their heights is carried out with a hardening mixture, and the upper 1/3 of the chambers are hydraulic, and the border between the hardening and hydraulic bookmarks in each chamber is formed above the roof mark of the chambers the underlying sub-floor at 1/6 of its height.

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