CN111088979B - Downward access filling mining method - Google Patents
Downward access filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111088979B CN111088979B CN201911219163.8A CN201911219163A CN111088979B CN 111088979 B CN111088979 B CN 111088979B CN 201911219163 A CN201911219163 A CN 201911219163A CN 111088979 B CN111088979 B CN 111088979B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a downward drift filling mining method, which comprises ore block division, stope preparation arrangement, stope filling, wherein ore blocks between adjacent layered drifts are arranged in a staggered mode, and high-strength rapid-hardening filling materials and low-strength rapid-hardening filling materials are alternately filled in adjacent ore block goafs of each layered drift, so that the filling cost is reduced while the mining safety is ensured, the mining time is shortened, and the mining efficiency is improved. Through the mode, the upper-layer filling body can be supported by the lower-layer high-strength filling body and the low-strength filling body together, so that the upper-layer filling body is prevented from collapsing, and the mining safety is guaranteed; the use amount of cement in the filling material is effectively reduced, the filling cost is reduced, the strength of the filling body is improved, the time spent on waiting for the filling material to reach the strength is shortened, and the exploitation efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the performance of the filling body can be regulated and controlled according to the use requirement, and the application range is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a downward access filling mining method.
Background
The filling mining method is a mining method for filling a goaf by using filling materials in the stoping process, can be supported by using the filling materials, prevents surrounding rock from caving and ground surface from sinking, protects the ground and ground surface environment, and recycles mineral resources to the maximum extent, so that the filling mining method is widely applied. The filling mining method can be divided into an upward access filling method, a downward access filling method and a subsequent filling mining method according to different mining directions and filling modes of ore bodies. The downward access filling method is used for performing layer-by-layer mining on an ore body from top to bottom under the protection of the artificial false roof by constructing the artificial false roof, and filling materials into a filling area, and has the advantages of safety, reliability, low dilution rate, high mining efficiency and the like, so that the method is widely used for mining non-ferrous metals and rare metal ores with easily broken ore rocks, high ore grade or high ore value.
With the decline of ore grade and the decline of high-value metal price, the economic benefit of mining is continuously reduced, and the mining cost is higher due to the complex filling process and the large consumption of filling materials in the downward access filling mining method, so that the market demand is gradually difficult to meet. Therefore, how to reduce the filling cost and improve the mining efficiency under the condition of ensuring the mining safety and quality is the research focus aiming at the downward access filling mining method at present.
To reduce the filling cost, patent publication No. CN106014410A provides a down-cut partial-fill mining method that reduces the amount of filling material used and the filling cost by dividing a mining area into alternate gap fill and full fill and performing gap filling on the gap fill. However, the filling ratio is obviously reduced by the method, no protective device is added, and the positions of the empty field bars in each interval filling layer are the same, so that the corresponding vertical direction of the empty field area only contains 50% of filling materials, sufficient supporting force is lacked, collapse is easily caused, and potential safety hazards exist. Meanwhile, in the filling process, mining of the second block is carried out after the filling body of the first block reaches the design strength, so that the whole process is long in time consumption, and the mining efficiency is low.
In view of the above, there is still a need for a downward access filling mining method, which can reduce the filling cost, shorten the mining time and improve the mining efficiency while ensuring the mining safety.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a downward access filling mining method which can ensure mining safety, reduce filling cost and improve mining efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a downward access filling mining method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing ore blocks: averagely dividing a mining middle section into a plurality of subsections, averagely dividing each subsection into two horizontal layers, averagely dividing each layer into a plurality of ore blocks, and enabling the ore blocks between adjacent layers to be staggered;
s2, adopting and arranging: arranging mining middle sections by adopting extra-vein mining alignment, arranging a segmented transportation lane at fixed intervals, and arranging a middle section transportation lane at the bottom of the mining middle section, wherein the segmented transportation lane and the middle section transportation lane are respectively connected with a mine body through a stope connecting lane and a vein-through transportation lane, and the segmented transportation lane is connected with the layering through a layering connecting lane; an access way is arranged in each layer, and an artificial false roof is arranged at the top of the upper-layer access way in each section;
s3, stope recovery: stoping each layer in sequence from top to bottom, performing primary stoping on each ore block along the approach in each layer in a one-mining-one-interval stoping mode, and performing secondary stoping on the rest ore blocks of the approach after the primary goaf is filled and reaches a preset compressive strength to form a secondary goaf;
s4, stope filling: and after the primary stoping is finished, filling a high-strength rapid-hardening filling material into the primary goaf, and after the secondary stoping is finished, filling a low-strength rapid-hardening filling material into the secondary goaf.
Further, in step S1, the lumps between the adjacent courses are offset from each other by half the lump width.
Further, in step S2, the strength grade of the concrete in the artificial roof is C25, the concrete is prepared from cement, fine tailings, coarse tailings, broken stones and water, and the ratio of the cement, the fine tailings, the coarse tailings, the broken stones and the water is 1:0.3:0.6:8: 0.6; the fine tailings are tailings with the particle size of less than 74 mu m, and the coarse tailings are tailings with the particle size of more than or equal to 74 mu m.
Further, in step S2, dividing the layered ore body into panels, each panel being provided with a filling return air shaft and an extravenal ore pass; the filling return air shaft is arranged on the ore body footwall, and the out-of-vein chute shaft is arranged outside the vein of the ore body footwall.
Further, in step S3, the mining includes rock drilling, blasting, supporting and ore removal; the supporting mode is that an anchor rod and a metal net are combined for supporting.
Further, in step S3, the predetermined compressive strength is 1 MPa.
Further, in step S4, laying a filling pipeline and laying a filling retaining wall; and the two groups of filling pipelines respectively correspond to the primary goaf and the secondary goaf.
Further, in step S4, the raw materials and the mixture ratio of the high-strength quick-setting filling material are 4% of cement clinker, 9% of slag, 84% of tailings and 3% of quick-setting agent; the slurry concentration of the high-strength quick-setting filling material during filling is 70%.
Further, in step S4, the raw materials and the mixture ratio of the low-strength quick-setting filling material are 10% of cement clinker, 87.8% of tailings, 0.2% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% of quick-setting agent; the slurry concentration of the low-strength quick-setting filling material during filling is 65%.
Further, the accelerating agent is a mixture of sodium sulfate, sodium silicate and anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate, and the ratio of the sodium sulfate, the sodium silicate and the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate is 1 (0.8-1.2) to 1-3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the downward access filling mining method provided by the invention, the high-strength rapid-hardening filling material and the low-strength rapid-hardening filling material are alternately filled in the adjacent ore block goafs of each layered access, and the ore blocks between the adjacent layered accesses are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the upper-layer filling body is supported by the lower-layer high-strength filling body and the lower-strength filling body together, the upper-layer filling body is prevented from collapsing, and the mining safety is ensured; the use amount of cement in the filling material can be effectively reduced, the filling cost is reduced, the time consumed by waiting for the filling material to reach the strength is shortened, and the mining efficiency is improved.
2. According to the invention, the artificial false roof is arranged at the top of the upper-layer access way in each subsection, so that the earth surface or the upper subsection can be effectively supported and protected, and the safety of the mining process is improved; meanwhile, when the artificial roof is arranged, a certain amount of coarse and fine tailings and gravels are used for replacing part of portland cement to prepare concrete, so that the cost can be reduced under the condition of ensuring safety, and the economic benefit of mining is improved.
3. The high-strength quick-setting filling material prepared by the invention uses active slag to replace part of cement clinker, and takes a large amount of tailings as main raw materials, so that the use of cement can be reduced, the filling cost is reduced, the filling material can be quickly condensed under the action of the accelerating agent, the high strength is achieved at the early stage, the guarantee is provided for the mining safety, the waiting time after filling can be effectively reduced, and the mining efficiency is improved; meanwhile, a small amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate is added into the low-strength rapid-setting filling material prepared by the invention, so that a foaming effect can be achieved in the slurry forming process, the porosity of the filling material is increased, the consumption of each raw material required by the unit volume of filling is reduced, the filling cost is obviously reduced, the setting speed and strength of the filling material are improved under the action of the accelerator, and the filling material and the high-strength rapid-setting filling material are arranged in a staggered manner, so that a good supporting effect can be provided together, and the mining safety is guaranteed.
4. According to the invention, the setting accelerator containing sodium sulfate, sodium silicate and anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate is prepared, so that the setting time can be reduced, and the early strength of the filling body can be enhanced; sulfate ions in the sodium sulfate can inhibit the dissolution of gypsum in the cement clinker, so that the delayed coagulation effect of the gypsum is reduced, the hydration reaction is promoted, and the coagulation speed is reduced; silicate ions in the sodium silicate can react with calcium ions in the cement clinker to generate calcium silicate with cementing property, so that the effect of accelerating coagulation is achieved; meanwhile, the alkalinity of the slurry can be improved by adding the sodium sulfate and the sodium silicate, so that the activity of the slag and the tailings is excited, the secondary hydration of the slag and the tailings is promoted, and the strength of the filler is improved; the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate can be mixed with water under the common excitation of sodium sulfate and an alkaline environment to form multi-sulfur hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate, so that the slurry can be promoted to be condensed, the strength of the filling body can be improved, certain volume expansion can be generated, the filling body is ensured to be fully abutted, and effective support is provided for the top plate; the three components have synergistic effect, so that the formed filling body obtains excellent supporting effect while keeping lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a mining area for a down cut fill mining method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. a segmented transportation lane; 2. a middle section transportation lane; 3. a stope communication channel; 4. a vein-through haulage roadway; 5. layered connection lanes; 6. artificial jacking; 7. filling a return air shaft; 8. sliding outside the vein in the mine; 9. a high-strength rapid-setting filler; 10. a low-strength rapid-setting filler; 11. the ore body was not recovered.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a downward access cut-and-fill mining method, selecting an ore body as a steeply inclined ore body with unstable ore rocks, and the downward access cut-and-fill mining method includes the following steps:
s1, dividing ore blocks
The height of the mining middle section is 40m, the mining middle section is averagely divided into four subsections, and each subsection is 10m high; and averagely dividing each subsection into two horizontal layers, averagely dividing each layer into a plurality of ore blocks along the trend of the ore body, wherein the width and the layer height of each ore block are equal, and the ore blocks between adjacent layers are staggered by half the width of the ore block.
S2, adopting standard arrangement
Arranging mining middle sections by adopting extra-vein mining alignment, arranging a segmented transportation lane 1 at intervals of 10m, and arranging a middle section transportation lane 2 at the bottom of the mining middle section, wherein the segmented transportation lane 1 and the middle section transportation lane 2 are respectively connected with an ore body through a stope connecting lane 3 and a vein-through transportation lane 4, each segmented transportation lane 1 is connected with the layers through a layering connecting lane 5, and one segmented transportation lane can transport to two layers; an access way is arranged in each subsection, the width of the access way is 4m, the height of the access way is 5m, and an artificial false roof 6 with the height of 1m is arranged at the top of the access way at the upper layer of the two subsections in each subsection; dividing the layered ore body into panels, wherein a filling return air shaft 7 and an extravenal ore sliding shaft 8 are arranged in each panel; the filling return air shaft 7 is arranged on the ore body footwall, and the out-of-vein chute 8 is arranged outside the ore body footwall vein, so that ore removal is facilitated.
The artificial false roof is constructed by concrete with the strength grade up to C25, the concrete is prepared by cement, fine tailings, coarse tailings, broken stone and water, and the ratio of the cement to the fine tailings to the coarse tailings to the broken stone to the water is 1:0.3:0.6:8: 0.6; the cement is Portland cement with the strength grade of 32.5, the fine tailings are tailings with the grain size of less than 74 mu m, and the coarse tailings are tailings with the grain size of more than or equal to 74 mu m; the compressive strength of the concrete at 3d, 7d and 28d is 15.2MPa, 20.3MPa and 28.9MPa respectively.
S3, stope recovery: and carrying out stoping on each layer in sequence from top to bottom, carrying out primary stoping on each ore block along the route in each layer in a spaced stoping mode of spacing one from another, and carrying out secondary stoping on the residual ore blocks of the route after the primary goaf is filled and the compressive strength of 1Mpa is reached, so as to form a secondary goaf.
Wherein the stoping comprises rock drilling, blasting, supporting and ore removal; firstly, distributing holes in a drilling roadway by adopting a drilling jumbo, then placing explosives at the bottom of the holes, and blasting by adopting a hole-by-hole subsection and hole bottom detonation mode; then, driving an anchor rod into the top and two sides of the roadway, fixing a metal net on the two sides of the roadway through the anchor rod, and supporting the roadway; and finally, enabling the scraper to enter from the subsection transportation lane 1, enter the layering connection lane 5 through the stope connection lane 3, enter the ore body, scrape the collapsed ore and then send out through the extravenal ore pass 8, and receiving and sending out the ore through a vibration ore outlet machine at the bottom of the extravenal ore pass 8.
S4, stope filling: after each stoping is finished, cleaning a stope, laying a filling pipeline and building a filling retaining wall; the filling pipeline is divided into a first filling pipeline and a second filling pipeline which respectively correspond to the primary goaf and the secondary goaf; the filling retaining wall is built by concrete precast bricks.
Specifically, after the primary stoping is finished, a high-strength rapid-hardening filling material is filled into the primary goaf through the first filling pipeline until the primary goaf is connected to the roof, the high-strength rapid-hardening filling material can be quickly solidified, the early strength is high, the compressive strength of a high-strength rapid-hardening filling body 9 formed by the high-strength rapid-hardening filling material reaches 2.4Mpa after 3 days, and secondary stoping can be carried out; and after the secondary stoping is finished, filling a low-strength rapid-solidification filling material into the secondary goaf through the second filling pipeline until the secondary goaf is connected to the roof, wherein the 3d compressive strength and the 7d compressive strength of a low-strength rapid-solidification filling body 10 formed by the low-strength rapid-solidification filling material are respectively 0.7MPa and 1.1MPa, and stoping and filling the ore body 11 which is not stoped in the next layer can be carried out according to the same method until all ore blocks in each layer are stoped and filled.
In the embodiment, the raw materials and the mixture ratio of the high-strength quick-setting filling material are 4% of cement clinker, 9% of slag, 84% of tailings and 3% of accelerator, and the slurry concentration of the high-strength quick-setting filling material during filling is 70%; meanwhile, the raw materials and the mixture ratio of the low-strength quick-setting filling material are preferably 10% of cement clinker, 87.8% of tailings, 0.2% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% of accelerating agent; the slurry concentration of the low-strength quick-setting filling material during filling is 65%. The accelerating agent is a mixture of sodium sulfate, sodium silicate and anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate, and the ratio of the sodium sulfate to the sodium silicate to the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate is 1:1: 2.
In other embodiments, the mixing ratio of the respective raw materials in the quick-setting admixture can be adjusted within a certain range, and when other conditions are consistent with those of the present embodiment, the setting time and compressive strength of the respective fillers formed when the mixing ratio of the respective raw materials in the quick-setting admixture is changed are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 setting time and compressive Strength of respective fillers formed when the raw Material ratio in the setting accelerator is changed
As can be seen from Table 1, the change in the ratio of the respective raw materials in the accelerator exerts an influence on the setting time and compressive strength of the resulting filling. With the increase of the proportion of sodium silicate in the accelerator, the initial setting time and the final setting time of the high-strength quick-setting filling material and the low-strength quick-setting filling material prepared from the accelerator are gradually shortened, and the early compressive strength and the later compressive strength of the formed filling body are gradually improved. The main reason is that silicate ions in the sodium silicate can react with calcium ions in the cement to generate calcium silicate with cementing property, and an alkaline environment is created to excite the activity of slag and tailings, thereby accelerating the coagulation of the filling material and improving the early and later strength of the filling material. Therefore, when the sodium silicate is added within a certain range, the setting time of the filling material can be effectively shortened, and the compressive strength of the obtained filling body is improved, but the excessive sodium silicate not only does not obviously improve the setting time and the compressive strength of the filling material, but also increases the preparation cost of the accelerator.
As the proportion of the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate in the accelerator increases, the initial setting time and the final setting time of the high-strength quick-setting filling material and the low-strength quick-setting filling material prepared from the accelerator are also gradually shortened, the early compressive strength of 3d and 7d of the formed filling body is also gradually enhanced, but the compressive strength of 28d of the filling body is in a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The main reason is that after the anhydrous sodium sulphoaluminate and water are mixed, the anhydrous sodium sulphoaluminate and the water can be quickly hydrated to generate polysulfide hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate, so that certain volume expansion can be generated, the slurry can be promoted to be coagulated, the early strength of the filling body can be improved, but because the excitation effect of the calcium sulphoaluminate on slag and tailings is limited, the compressive strength of the filling body can be slowly increased in the later period, and when the proportion of the calcium sulphoaluminate is higher, the compressive strength of the filling body can be reduced.
Therefore, by integrating the factors of the strength and the cost of each stage of the filling body, the preferred proportion of the sodium sulfate, the sodium silicate and the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate in the quick-setting agent is 1 (0.8-1.2) to 1-3. Meanwhile, according to the structure of the ore body and the difference of the ore body structure on the strength requirement of the filling body, the performance of the filling body can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the proportion of the raw materials in the accelerator in actual use, so that the use requirements under different conditions are met, and the application range is wide.
In conclusion, the downward drift filling mining method provided by the invention has the advantages that the ore blocks between the adjacent layered drifts are arranged in a staggered manner, and the high-strength rapid-hardening filling material and the low-strength rapid-hardening filling material are alternately filled in the adjacent ore block goafs of each layered drift, so that the upper-layer filling body is supported by the lower-layer high-strength filling body and the lower-strength filling body together, the collapse of the upper-layer filling body is prevented, and the mining safety is ensured; the method can also improve the strength of the filling body and shorten the time spent on waiting for the filling material to reach the strength by preparing the accelerating agent while effectively reducing the using amount of cement in the filling material and reducing the filling cost, thereby reducing the filling cost while ensuring the mining safety, shortening the mining time and improving the mining efficiency.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A downward access filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing ore blocks: averagely dividing a mining middle section into a plurality of subsections, averagely dividing each subsection into two horizontal layers, averagely dividing each layer into a plurality of ore blocks, and enabling the ore blocks between adjacent layers to be staggered;
s2, adopting and arranging: arranging mining middle sections by adopting extra-vein mining alignment, arranging a segmented transportation lane at fixed intervals, and arranging a middle section transportation lane at the bottom of the mining middle section, wherein the segmented transportation lane and the middle section transportation lane are respectively connected with a mine body through a stope connecting lane and a vein-through transportation lane, and the segmented transportation lane is connected with the layering through a layering connecting lane; an access way is arranged in each layer, and an artificial false roof is arranged at the top of the upper-layer access way in each section;
s3, stope recovery: stoping each layer in sequence from top to bottom, performing primary stoping on each ore block along the approach in each layer in a one-mining-one-interval stoping mode, and performing secondary stoping on the rest ore blocks of the approach after the primary goaf is filled and reaches a preset compressive strength to form a secondary goaf;
s4, stope filling: after the primary stoping is finished, filling a high-strength rapid-hardening filling material into the primary goaf, and after the secondary stoping is finished, filling a low-strength rapid-hardening filling material into the secondary goaf; the high-strength quick-setting filling material and the low-strength quick-setting filling material contain an accelerator which is a mixture of sodium sulfate, sodium silicate and anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate.
2. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the lumps between adjacent courses are staggered by half the lump width.
3. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the strength grade of the concrete in the artificial false roof is C25, the concrete is prepared from cement, fine tailings, coarse tailings, broken stones and water, and the ratio of the cement to the fine tailings to the coarse tailings to the broken stones to the water is 1:0.3:0.6:8: 0.6; the fine tailings are tailings with the particle size of less than 74 mu m, and the coarse tailings are tailings with the particle size of more than or equal to 74 mu m.
4. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the method further includes dividing the layered ore body into panels, each panel being provided with a filling return air shaft and an extravenal ore chute; the filling return air shaft is arranged on the ore body footwall, and the out-of-vein chute shaft is arranged outside the vein of the ore body footwall.
5. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the stoping includes rock drilling, blasting, shoring, and ore removal; the supporting mode is that an anchor rod and a metal net are combined for supporting.
6. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the predetermined compressive strength is 1 Mpa.
7. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, laying a filling pipeline and laying a filling retaining wall; and the two groups of filling pipelines respectively correspond to the primary goaf and the secondary goaf.
8. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the raw materials and the mixture ratio of the high-strength quick-setting filling material are 4% of cement clinker, 9% of slag, 84% of tailings and 3% of quick-setting agent; the slurry concentration of the high-strength quick-setting filling material during filling is 70%.
9. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the raw materials and mixture ratio of the low-strength quick-setting filling material are 10% of cement clinker, 87.8% of tailings, 0.2% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% of quick-setting agent; the slurry concentration of the low-strength quick-setting filling material during filling is 65%.
10. A method of downward access fill mining as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein: the ratio of sodium sulfate, sodium silicate and anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate in the accelerating agent is 1 (0.8-1.2) to 1-3.
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| CN112412455B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-11-18 | 武汉理工大学 | One-step roadway filling mining method for precast concrete |
| CN112879086B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-07-28 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Cementing filling method for cementing materials and aggregates in different proportions |
| CN113185199A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-30 | 四川统揽建设集团有限公司 | Cement stabilizing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113638769B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-12-01 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Goaf filling method |
| CN113738367B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-06-14 | 北京科技大学 | Sublevel caving downward filling mining method for complex broken and steeply inclined thin vein |
| CN115182728B (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-12-13 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Down-direction segmented open stope subsequent filling mining method |
| CN116335670B (en) * | 2023-03-25 | 2024-05-03 | 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿 | Mining method |
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