CN115977638A - Method for remolding mechanical environment of ore pillar by replacing clay layer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for remodeling a mechanical environment of an ore pillar by replacing a clay layer, which comprises the following steps: the ore pillar containing clay layer includes lean ore layer, clay layer and rich ore layer, and is characterized by that the lean ore layer and rich ore layer are not changed, and only the clay layer portion is replaced. The method is established on the basis of the traditional room-pillar mining method, and adopts an artificial reinforcement layer to replace the clay layer part of the ore pillar so as to remold the mechanical environment of the ore pillar, so that the problems that the strength of the clay layer of an ore body is not enough and the natural ore pillar cannot be reserved can be effectively solved, and safe and efficient economic mining is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a method for replacing a clay layer to remold an ore pillar mechanical environment.
Background
The room and pillar mining method is that under certain conditions, the rooms and pillars in the lump ore or mining area are alternately arranged, and continuous or discontinuous regular pillars are left when the rooms are stoped to maintain the roof rocks. The method is suitable for mining horizontal or gently inclined ore bodies with stable inclination angles of ore rocks smaller than 30 degrees, has the advantages of simple structure and stoping process, small mining-preparation cutting workload, high production capacity, good ventilation conditions, low mining cost and the like, and is one of the most effective and widely applied mining methods at present.
However, with the continuous increase of the mining depth, the mining environment also becomes complicated and complicated, and low-strength geological environments such as clay layers and the like often exist in the existing geological conditions, so that natural ore pillars cannot be reserved, the mining progress and safe and efficient production are influenced, and therefore, how to promote the mechanical property of the ore pillars plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability of a roof and an overlying strata and the safe production of a mine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the influence of the low-strength adverse conditions of the geological environment, provides the method for remodeling the mechanical environment of the ore pillar by replacing the clay layer, reconstructs the mechanical environment of the ore pillar by replacing the clay layer of the ore pillar, improves the strength of the ore pillar, and ensures the stability of the roof and the overlying strata.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention provides a method for replacing a clay layer to remold an ore pillar mechanical environment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, aiming at an ore pillar containing a clay layer, wherein the ore pillar comprises a lean ore layer, a clay layer and a rich ore layer, a stope is arranged through a room-pillar mining method system, ore blocks are divided along the trend or the inclination of an ore body, an ore room and the ore pillar are arranged according to the ore blocks, the ore pillar is divided into a plurality of sections, and the length of the ore room depends on the effective transport distance of transport equipment;
s2, tunneling a transportation roadway along the direction of the ore body, tunneling and installing mining equipment and auxiliary equipment along the inclination of the ore body, tunneling and cutting an upper mountain and an upper horizontal middle roadway to form a ventilation system in a penetrating manner, and transporting mined ores away;
s3, conveying filling materials to an earth surface storage silo, wherein the filling materials comprise aggregate, sand and cement, constructing a movable concrete mixing station underground, reserving the ore pillar in the stoping process of the ore room, performing stepwise upward tunneling on a middle clay layer of the ore pillar by using excavating equipment, proportioning the filling materials quantitatively, stirring to prepare a mixed reinforcing body, conveying the mixed reinforcing body to a stope through a concrete conveying pump, filling the tunneled clay layer with a strip-type artificial ore pillar, performing layered mining on the ore room after the filled artificial reinforcing layer is solidified, and sequentially performing clay mining, ore enrichment and lean ore mining;
and S4, conveying the tunneled clay layer to a side empty mining area, forming a new support for the empty mining area, remolding the mechanical environment of the ore pillar after the artificial reinforcing layer is solidified, and keeping the continuous ore pillar in the whole mining process.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the room pillar mining method for remolding the clay layer mechanical environment behavior of the ore body pillar can effectively solve the problems that the clay layer is not enough in strength and natural pillars can not be reserved in the mining process, improves the supporting force of the pillar to a roof and an overlying strata, and can also stope the pillar, thereby ensuring the efficient and safe mining of a mine, and simultaneously having lower economic cost and simple and quick operation method.
2. And the excavated and output clay layers are conveyed to a side empty mining area through conveying equipment to form a stable new support for the empty mining area, so that the filling cost is saved, and waste stone is not treated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for clay layer displacement of a pillar according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for remodeling a mechanical environment of a pillar by replacing a clay layer, including: the method comprises the following steps of:
s1, aiming at an ore pillar containing a clay layer, wherein the ore pillar comprises a lean ore layer, a clay layer and a rich ore layer, a stope is arranged through a room-pillar mining method system, ore blocks are divided along the trend or the inclination of an ore body, an ore room and the ore pillar are arranged according to the ore blocks, the ore pillar is divided into a plurality of sections, and the length of the ore room depends on the effective transport distance of transport equipment;
s2, tunneling a transportation roadway along the direction of the ore body, tunneling and installing mining equipment and auxiliary equipment along the inclination of the ore body, tunneling and cutting an upper mountain and an upper horizontal middle roadway to form a ventilation system in a penetrating manner, and transporting mined ores away;
s3, conveying filling materials to an earth surface storage bin, wherein the filling materials comprise aggregate, sand and cement, a mobile concrete mixing station is built underground, the ore pillar is reserved in the stoping process of the ore room, excavating equipment is used for performing stepwise upward excavation on a middle clay layer of the ore pillar, the filling materials are quantitatively proportioned, mixed reinforcing bodies are prepared by stirring, then the mixed reinforcing bodies are conveyed to a stope through a concrete conveying pump, strip-type artificial ore pillar filling is performed on the excavated clay layer, the ore room is subjected to layered mining after the solidification of the filled artificial reinforcing layers, and the mining sequence sequentially comprises the steps of firstly, then, enriching and then, lean ore mining;
and S4, conveying the excavated clay layer to a nearby empty mining area, forming a new support for the empty mining area, and simultaneously remolding the mechanical environment of the ore pillar after the artificial reinforced layer is solidified, and reserving the continuous ore pillar in the whole mining process.
The filling materials comprise aggregates, sand materials and cement, wherein the aggregates refer to coarse aggregates and include large-particle-size materials such as broken stones and pebbles, and the sand materials refer to fine materials and include small-particle materials such as silt and river sand; the underground construction of the mobile concrete mixing plant needs to be noted that the mobile concrete mixing plant is constructed by moving along the direction of continuously replacing the clay layer by the ore pillar, and is constructed while tunneling and filling, and the mechanical environment of the ore pillar is remolded, which means that the mechanical strength of the ore pillar is changed and the ore pillar can sufficiently support the top plate of the area where the ore pillar is located. The mining sequence is sequentially to carry out clay first, rich ore and lean ore later, and it needs to be explained that the rich ore can be fully mined, the depletion rate of a clay layer to phosphate rock can be reduced, and the roof lifting can be carried out according to the actual condition of a roof.
Preferably, the artificial reinforcement layer is formed by mixing, stirring and rapidly injecting the filling material into the clay layer to be tunneled, and is integrated with the lean ore layer and the rich ore layer, the artificial reinforcement layer 4 is filled from the upper part of the upper mountain to the lower part when replacing the clay layer 2, the replacement process of the clay layer 2 is rapidly operated, the auxiliary equipment rapidly cleans the clay layer and rapidly fills the artificial reinforcement layer 4, and the artificial reinforcement layer 4 needs to be configured in advance; the artificial reinforced layer 4 is determined according to the field environment, and comprises the strength of the broken stone and the thin concrete mortar, and the bonding condition of the artificial reinforced layer 4 and the ore layers on and under the ore pillar.
Preferably, in an embodiment, the pillar is a part of the ore body and is arranged for ensuring personnel safety and stability of the stope, the pillar may be composed of a lean ore layer 1, a clay layer 2 and a rich ore layer 3, or may be composed of a rich ore layer 3, a clay layer 2 and a rich ore layer 3, the clay layer 2 has poor mechanical properties, and it should be explained that the clay layer 2 may be a weak rock layer, that is, a rock formation itself has poor lithology, and stability of the whole stope area is difficult to ensure; when the three parts of the ore pillar are a lean ore layer 1, a clay layer 2 and a rich ore layer 3, firstly replacing the clay layer 2, then building a roof and supporting an anchor rod on the lean ore layer 1 according to the requirements of field conditions, blasting the lean ore layer 1 after the support is stable, then stoping the lean ore layer 1, finally carrying out transportation and ore removal by using the transportation equipment, and carrying out punching blasting mining on the rich ore layer 3 after the stoping of the lean ore layer 1 at the upper part is finished until the stoping is finished; when the ore pillars are a rich ore layer 3, a clay layer 2 and a rich ore layer 3, or the uppermost layer is a stable lean ore layer 1, the ore pillars can be directly punched and blasted when being mined;
preferably, the key point of the clay layer 2 replacement of the ore pillar is that the remodeling mechanical environment process only replaces the clay layer 2 and can carry out ore extraction on the lean ore layer 1 and the rich ore layer 3, the thickness of the clay layer 2 is 2-3m, the bottom of the ore pillar adopts a flat bottom structure, and a heading machine is adopted for directly heading and conveying the clay layer during stepwise upward heading.
Preferably, the heading machine can directly heading other continuous ore pillars in the process of heading at the upper mountain, that is, the middle parts of the ore pillars in the mining area can be communicated with each other, so that the lower part of the rich ore layer can be conveniently mined simultaneously, and the transportation of materials is also convenient.
Particularly, when the stope room and the ore pillar are subjected to stoping work, the thickness of the ore body is less than 2.5m, the ore body can be mined for the full thickness at one time, the thickness of the ore body is between 2.5 and 3m, the full thickness can be mined for the one time, the ore body can be mined in layers, and the thickness of the ore body is more than 3m, and the ore body can be mined in layers.
Preferably, the excavating equipment comprises a heading machine and a forklift, the conveying equipment comprises a scraper, when the scraper is used for conveying, the length of the chamber is generally 40-60m, the width of the chamber is generally determined according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of a roof and is generally 8-20m, the diameter of ore pillars is 3-7m, and the distance is 5-8m.
Preferably, the ore pillar is supported according to the needs, the maintenance period of the artificial reinforcement layer 4 is short, generally 1-2 months, and the ore pillar support comprises a roof support, a bolt support or a bolt-and-shotcrete support.
In the embodiment, a stope is arranged, ore blocks are divided along the trend or the inclination of an ore body, then ore rooms and ore pillars are arranged on the ore blocks, a transportation roadway is tunneled along the trend of the ore body, mining equipment rooms are arranged at intervals, and an upper mountain and an upper horizontal middle section roadway are tunneled and cut to form a ventilation system and convey ores; then, carrying out a stoping method on the chamber, generally advancing from one side to the other side along the trend of the chamber or advancing from the chamber to two sides, and mining by adopting a chamber-pillar mining method, wherein in order to improve the mining efficiency, a plurality of chambers can be mined simultaneously; finally, a mechanical environment of a chamber is remolded and an ore pillar is stoped, the ore pillar is reserved in the stoping process and consists of a lean ore layer 1, a clay layer 2 and a rich ore layer 3, the middle clay layer 2 is excavated and tunneled once by using excavating equipment, the tunneled clay layer is supported, the tunneled clay layer is filled by using an artificial reinforcing layer 4, the residual clay layer 2 is excavated and filled after the artificial reinforcing layer 4 is solidified, the process is circulated until the clay layer 2 and the artificial reinforcing layer 4 are replaced, the tunneled clay layer 3 is conveyed to a side empty mining area, a new stable support is formed for the empty mining area, the filling cost is saved, the non-waste treatment of the clay is realized, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the ore pillar is changed along with the solidification of the artificial reinforcing layer 4, the support with high strength is formed, the problem that the support of poor support of the chamber due to insufficient clay strength is avoided, and the continuous ore pillar passing through the mechanical environment is reserved in the whole mining process; and blasting the rich ore layer 3 to remove ore after the artificial reinforcing layer 4 is stabilized, and blasting and mining the upper lean ore layer 3 after the recovery of the lower rich ore layer 3 is finished until the recovery is finished.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The Sichuan Ma Bian Mou phosphorite has an ore body inclination of about 7 degrees, good stability of the ore body and surrounding rocks and an average thickness of 3.5m, and is designed by a room-and-pillar mining method, but the loss rate of a primary ore pillar reaches more than 20 percent, the structure is characterized by being layered and lamellar, a weak structural surface layered structure is clamped in the middle, the layer thickness is 3m, and normal mining of a mining area can be ensured only by further mechanically reshaping the ore pillar.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, dividing ore blocks along the trend or the trend of the ore body, wherein the size length and the width of the ore body are 65m multiplied by 118m, dividing the ore blocks into 2 ore blocks, 8 ore rooms are arranged in each ore block, 4m multiplied by 4m ore pillars are reserved, the spacing is 8m, the size and the division of the ore pillars are generally according to the average stress condition, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, gamma is the volume weight of rock mass; z-buried depth, m; w is a o ，w p -width of the chamber and pillar, m.
The span of the chamber of the phosphorite is selected to be 10m, and the spacing between ore columns is 8m.
S2, tunneling a transportation roadway along the direction of the ore body, tunneling and installing a mining equipment tunneling machine and auxiliary equipment along the inclination of the ore body, tunneling and cutting an upper mountain and an upper horizontal middle roadway to form a ventilation system in a penetrating manner, and transporting mined ores away;
s3, considering the strength of the artificial pillar after the clay layer is replaced by the artificial reinforcing layer, and calculating according to the following formula:
in the formula, S P -pillar strength, MPa; s. the L -rock mass strength parameter, MPa; w is a P As above, m; h-pillar height, m; a-constant when
When/is>
By combining the phosphate ore, the width-height ratio of the ore pillar is less than 5, so the strength of the ore pillar after replacement is calculated as:
S 1 ＝Fγz×(S γ /S K )/[0.64+0.36(w P /h)]
in the formula, S 1 Post-displacement pillarCompressive strength, MPa; f, a safety factor; s γ Area of rock pillar, m 2 ；S K Area of pillar, m 2 。
Because the project ore pillar is designed into a continuous ore pillar, the compressive strength of the continuous ore pillar after replacement is 10.5MPa after calculation according to the formula, C20 concrete is selected on site, filling materials are firstly conveyed to an earth surface storage bin, the filling materials comprise aggregate, sand, cement, fly ash and additives, and the additives refer to materials for improving the performance of the concrete; preferably, the site mixture ratio is as follows: sand: crushing stone: fly ash =7:16:24:1, the dosage of the additive is 1 percent of the total dosage, and the additive can be corrected according to the site construction condition. Constructing a movable concrete mixing station underground, wherein the movable concrete mixing station moves along the driving direction of the ore pillar, the ore pillar is reserved in the stoping process of the chamber, the excavating equipment is used for driving the middle clay layer of the ore pillar to ascend in steps, meanwhile, the filling materials are mixed according to the quantitative proportion to prepare a mixed reinforcing body, the mixed reinforcing body is conveyed to the side of the ore pillar through a concrete conveying pump, and then strip-type artificial ore pillar filling is carried out on the driven clay layer, wherein the strip-type is the width of the excavating machine, a plurality of lines which travel back and forth are strip-type, the clay layer is quickly cleaned out by a forklift, and the artificial reinforcing layer is quickly filled by the concrete conveying pump; when the artificial reinforcement layer replaces the clay layer, filling is injected from the upper part of the upper mountain to the lower part of the upper mountain, step-by-step pouring is adopted, 1.5m is poured each time, and simultaneously 6 ore pillars are poured simultaneously, the daily pouring amount is 66m 3 And the three-line pipeline connection is adopted, the replacement process of the clay layer is rapid, and the artificial reinforcing layer can be effectively bonded with the top plate when the ore body is poured from top to bottom because the ore body is in an inclined state. The method comprises the steps of performing layered mining on a chamber after a to-be-filled artificial reinforcing layer is solidified, wherein the solidification time is 28 days according to the field environment, performing stoping work on a stope after maintenance is finished, sequentially performing clay first, ore enrichment and ore depletion, allowing a tunneling machine to pass through a continuous chamber to form a channel, and adopting a flat-bottom structure at the bottom of a pillar during ore enrichmentWhen the upper lean ore is mined, the directional blasting technology is used to ensure that the ore can fall and pile up according to the preset direction;
s4, conveying the excavated clay layer to a nearby empty mining area, forming a new support for the empty mining area, simultaneously, after the artificial reinforcement layer is solidified, remolding the mechanical environment of the ore pillar, increasing the strength after replacement, and keeping the continuous ore pillar in the whole mining process; the remodeling mechanical environment process only replaces the clay layer, and does not change lean and rich ore layers.
According to the field situation, a tunneled clay layer is supported, a flat-bottom structure is adopted at the bottom, the bottom of the ore pillar is cut firstly, anchor rods are used for supporting, a triangular area is arranged, the anchor rods are arranged according to the triangular area, when a distance roof is poured, the roof anchor rods are installed, filling materials continue to be poured, and maintenance is carried out after pouring is finished.
The invention is a method for remodeling mechanical environment of an ore pillar by replacing a clay layer, which can effectively solve the problem that the natural ore pillar cannot be reserved because the clay layer is not strong enough and the supporting of an ore room is unstable in the mining process, improve the supporting force of the ore pillar on a roof and an overlying rock layer by replacing the clay layer, and simultaneously can also recover the ore pillar, thereby ensuring the efficient and safe mining of a mine, and simultaneously having lower economic cost and simple and quick operation method; and the excavated and output clay layer can be conveyed to a nearby empty mining area to form a stable new support for the empty mining area, so that the filling cost is saved, and waste-free waste stone treatment is realized.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for remodeling mechanical environment of ore pillar by replacing clay layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, aiming at an ore pillar containing a clay layer, wherein the ore pillar comprises a lean ore layer, a clay layer and a rich ore layer, a stope is arranged through a room-pillar mining method system, ore blocks are divided along the trend or the inclination of an ore body, an ore room and the ore pillar are arranged according to the ore blocks, the ore pillar is divided into a plurality of sections, and the length of the ore room depends on the effective transport distance of transport equipment;
s2, tunneling a transportation roadway along the direction of the ore body, tunneling and installing mining equipment and auxiliary equipment along the inclination of the ore body, tunneling and cutting an upper mountain and an upper horizontal middle roadway to form a ventilation system in a penetrating manner, and transporting mined ores away;
s3, conveying filling materials to an earth surface storage bin, wherein the filling materials comprise aggregate, sand and cement, a mobile concrete mixing station is built underground, the ore pillar is reserved in the stoping process of the ore room, excavating equipment is used for performing stepwise upward excavation on a middle clay layer of the ore pillar, the filling materials are quantitatively proportioned, mixed reinforcing bodies are prepared by stirring, then the mixed reinforcing bodies are conveyed to a stope through a concrete conveying pump, strip-type artificial ore pillar filling is performed on the excavated clay layer, the ore room is subjected to layered mining after the solidification of the filled artificial reinforcing layers, and the mining sequence sequentially comprises the steps of firstly, then, enriching and then, lean ore mining;
and S4, conveying the excavated clay layer to a nearby empty mining area, forming a new support for the empty mining area, and simultaneously remolding the mechanical environment of the ore pillar after the artificial reinforced layer is solidified, and reserving the continuous ore pillar in the whole mining process.
2. A method for replacing a clay layer to remold a mechanical environment of a pillar according to claim 1, wherein the artificial reinforcement layer is formed after the filling material is mixed, stirred and rapidly injected into the excavated clay layer, and the artificial reinforcing layer is integrated with the lean ore layer and the rich ore layer, and is filled from the upper part of the upper mountain to the lower part when replacing the clay layer.
3. A method of displacing clay layers to remodel the mechanical environment of a pillar as recited in claim 2, wherein: the strength of the artificial reinforced layer is determined according to the field environment, and comprises the strength of the gravel and the dilute concrete mortar and the bonding condition of the artificial reinforced layer and the upper and lower ore layers of the ore pillar.
4. A method for replacing clay layers and remodeling a pillar mechanical environment as recited in claim 1, wherein said pillar is a part of said ore body, provided for ensuring personnel safety and stability of said stope, said clay layers have poor mechanical properties and it is difficult to ensure stability of the whole stope.
5. A method for replacing a clay layer to remold a mechanical environment of a pillar according to claim 1, wherein the clay layer is rapidly replaced, and said auxiliary equipment rapidly cleans out said clay layer and rapidly fills said artificial reinforcement layer, wherein said artificial reinforcement layer is prepared in advance.
6. A method for replacing clay layers to remold a mechanical environment of a pillar according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical environment remolding process only replaces the clay layers without changing lean and rich ore layers, the clay layers are 2-3m thick, and the bottom of the pillar adopts a flat bottom structure.
7. A method for replacing clay layers and remodeling a mechanical environment of an ore pillar according to claim 1, wherein when the stope and the ore pillar are subjected to extraction work, the thickness of the ore body is less than 2.5m, the ore body can be extracted at one time to the full thickness, the thickness of the ore body is between 2.5 and 3m, the ore body can be extracted at one time to the full thickness, and the ore body can be extracted in layers, and the thickness of the ore body is more than 3m, and the ore body can be extracted in layers.
8. A method of replacing a clay bed to remodel a mechanical environment of a pillar according to claim 1, wherein the extraction apparatus includes a tunnelling machine and a forklift, the handling apparatus is used in transit, the handling apparatus includes a scraper, the length of the chamber is generally 40-60m when the chamber is handled by the scraper, the width of the chamber is generally 8-20m determined according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof, the diameter of the pillar is 3-7m, and the spacing is 5-8m.
9. A method for replacing clay layers to remold the mechanical environment of a mine pillar according to claim 1, wherein the excavated clay layers can be supported according to the situation, the maintenance period of the artificial reinforced layer is 1-2 months, and the mine pillar support comprises a roof support, a bolt support or a bolt-and-shotcrete support.
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