CN111485883B - High ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling - Google Patents
High ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling Download PDFInfo
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- CN111485883B CN111485883B CN202010364814.9A CN202010364814A CN111485883B CN 111485883 B CN111485883 B CN 111485883B CN 202010364814 A CN202010364814 A CN 202010364814A CN 111485883 B CN111485883 B CN 111485883B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention relates to a mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling and used in a high ground stress environment at low cost, and belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering. The method comprises the steps of horizontally dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections, horizontally dividing each middle section into a plurality of subsections, and horizontally dividing each subsection into a plurality of layers; mining ore bodies by an upward access type filling mining method, mining layer by layer from the bottom of each middle section to the top of the middle section, excavating layered connecting roads to the ore bodies from a sublevel roadway, excavating an access type mining roadway in the ore bodies, wherein the cross section of the access type mining roadway is hexagonal, and the upper and lower adjacent layered access type mining roadways are arranged in a staggered mode to form a honeycomb structural section; and in the filling stage, the hexagonal section is divided into an upper part and a lower part along the horizontal center line, the inverted trapezoidal section at the lower part is filled with multi-media, and the trapezoidal section at the upper part is filled with paste. The invention can effectively adapt to low-filling-cost mining in high-stress environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling and used in a high ground stress environment at low cost, and belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering.
Background
Deep mining and green mining are the development directions of metal mines in China in the future, more than 30 metal mines enter the underground for deep mining with the depth of below 1000 meters at present, and 10 metal mines enter the underground for deep mining with the depth of 1300-2000 meters; in the next 5-10 years, more than 1/3 mines enter the mining depth of 1000 meters. In a deep high ground stress environment, disasters such as hard rock burst, large deformation of soft rock and the like are highlighted, and the traditional large open field mining method is difficult to adapt to the deep environment. Deep layering or road-in filling with paste materials faces high cost and low efficiency. The deep waste rock and other materials are lifted to the ground surface for stockpiling, which not only brings the problems of huge lifting engineering amount and high lifting cost, but also causes the problems of ground surface environmental pollution and high ground surface stockpiling cost. On the other hand, the large amount of stockpiling in a tailing pond not only causes serious environmental pollution problem, but also brings serious safety risk due to solid wastes such as tailings and the like generated in a factory. Meanwhile, materials such as urban building waste and industrial solid waste which are produced in huge quantities every year bring serious environmental threats to the natural environment. How to efficiently utilize materials such as industrial solid wastes, municipal wastes and the like and develop a mining method with deep safety adaptability and low economic cost is a major topic for deep resource development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mining method based on paste-multi-medium cooperative filling in a high ground stress environment with low cost aiming at the mining problems of deep safety adaptability and low economic cost, the invention adopts an upward-approach type filling mining method to carry out ore body stoping, the bottom of a middle section is mined layer by layer to the top of the middle section, and a hexagonal full-section one-time stoping is adopted in the stoping stage; in the filling stage, the hexagonal section is divided into an upper part and a lower part along a horizontal center line (a half waist line), the inverted trapezoidal section at the lower part is filled with multi-media, the trapezoidal section at the upper part is filled with paste, the hexagonal mining access road forms a staggered arrangement, and the paste and the multi-media are in a honeycomb mosaic combined structure. The multi-media are mainly prepared from cheap mine waste rocks, industrial solid wastes, urban construction wastes and other materials, loose pores are formed in a stope, high stress of the stope can be effectively absorbed, and the pressure yielding effect is achieved; the paste is mainly prepared from mine tailings, mine waste rocks, cement and other materials, forms a high-strength structure and plays an effective pressure bearing role. The invention can effectively adapt to the low-filling-cost mining in high-stress environment from the aspects of structure, material and process.
The mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling in the high ground stress environment with low cost comprises the following specific steps:
(1) horizontally dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections, horizontally dividing each middle section into a plurality of subsections, and horizontally dividing each subsection into a plurality of layers; mining an ore body by an upward access type filling mining method, mining layer by layer from the bottom of a middle section to the top of the middle section, excavating a layered connecting channel 2 to an ore body 3 from a sectional roadway 1, and excavating an access type mining roadway in the ore body 3, wherein the section of the first layered access type mining roadway is an isosceles trapezoid, the bottom surface and the top surface of the access type mining roadway are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is greater than that of the top side, and the spacing distance between the bottom sides of adjacent trapezoids is equal to that of the top side of the trapezoid; the cross section of the second and more than second layered approach mining tunnels is hexagonal, the bottom surface and the top surface of the approach mining tunnel are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is equal to that of the top side, and the length of the half waist of the hexagon, namely the length of the horizontal center line, is equal to that of the bottom side of the isosceles trapezoid of the cross section of the first layered approach mining tunnel; the upper and lower adjacent layered approach mining roadways are arranged in a staggered manner to form a honeycomb structural section;
(2) mining along a first layered approach mining roadway of an ore body bottom plate, constructing a filling retaining wall at an exit of the approach mining roadway after each approach is mined, and filling paste;
(3) when a second and more than second layered approach type mining tunnels are tunneled, hexagonal approach is adopted for one-time blasting forming, after each approach is mined, the multi-media is filled to the half height of the approach tunnel, the filled multi-media are leveled, then a filling retaining wall is built in the approach type mining tunnel, and the approach type mining tunnel is filled with paste until the paste is completely connected with the roof.
The method for staggered arrangement of the upper and lower adjacent layered access type mining roadways in the step (1) is to form a honeycomb-structure section by staggered half layers of the upper and lower adjacent layered access type mining roadways at the vertical height, specifically to form the honeycomb-structure section
If the ore body 3 comprises N layered approach mining roadways from bottom to top, the bottom surface of a second layered approach mining roadway and the bottom surface of a first layered approach mining roadway are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the second layered approach mining roadway is positioned between the bottom surfaces of first layered adjacent approach mining roadways, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the second layered approach mining roadway are equal to the width of the top surface of the first layered approach mining roadway, the height of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half of the height of the second layered approach mining roadway, and the width of the bottom surface of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half the waist width of the second layered approach mining roadway; the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway and the half waist surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway are located on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway is located between the half waist surfaces of the nth layer of the adjacent access type mining roadway, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway are equal to those of the bottom surface and the top surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway, wherein N is an integer larger than 3, and N is not less than 2 and not more than N-1.
Further, the trapezoidal section and the hexagonal section are comprehensively determined according to the magnitude and the direction of the ground stress and the size of mine excavation equipment, preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is 4-7 m, the length of the top side of the trapezoid is 2-5 m, the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is 2-5 m, the height of the hexagon is 3-5 m, and the half waist width of the hexagon, namely the length of a horizontal center line, is 4-7 m.
The paste is prepared by mixing mine tailings, waste rocks, cement, fly ash, water, additives and the like, wherein the slump of the paste is 23-26 cm, the yield stress is 100-250 Pa, the static segregation rate is 1% -15%, the paste has good fluidity and stability, and the strength of the paste in 28 days is 1-3 Mpa, so that the strength of the paste in an upward access type filling mining method meets the walking safety of equipment and personnel in a stope high ground stress environment; the paste slurry can be conveyed to a filling stope through a filling pipeline for filling;
further, the additives include a flocculant, a pumping agent, and/or an early strength agent.
The multi-media includes, but is not limited to, industrial solid waste and municipal construction waste, wherein the industrial solid waste includes, but is not limited to, mine waste rock and smelter slag.
The particle size of the multi-media is not more than 50 cm; if the multi-media are toxic and harmful materials easy to separate out, protective slurry is sprayed on the inner wall of the access mining roadway to form an isolation layer so as to prevent harmful gas and percolate from leaking; if the maximum particle size of the multi-medium raw material is not more than 1mm and the average particle size is not more than 500 mu m, pressing the multi-medium raw material into medium balls with the average diameter of 40 mm-100 mm.
Furthermore, the filling access path can be arranged along the direction or in a vertical direction according to the thickness of the ore body.
According to the characteristics of a hexagonal route, half layers of upper and lower routes are staggered in the vertical height, so that paste filling bodies and multi-medium dispersoids in a stope are solid wastes and are in a honeycomb mosaic structure, and interval stoping is formed;
the arrangement form of the hexagonal filling access road can effectively improve the high ground stress environment and reduce mining disasters such as bottom heave, inclined slope, deformation and the like of the mining access road in the unfilled stage; the hexagonal access adopts the bionics principle, makes the peripheral stress distribution of excavation more even, and the stress concentration degree is lower, has reduced stress disaster.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling, the high ground stress environment can be effectively improved in a hexagonal filling route arrangement mode, and mining disasters such as bottom heave, inclined slope and deformation of a mining route in an unfilled stage are reduced; the multi-medium non-paste filling layer is used as a discrete material with certain porosity, can bear partial extrusion deformation and stress release, and plays a certain yielding role in the process of underground pressure; the paste structure provides a support platform for the smooth development of a mining process, and the stability of the side wall and the bottom plate paste provides guarantee for the safe tunneling of a mining access road; safe and orderly resource recovery in a high ground stress environment is realized by a paste-multi-medium collaborative filling mining method;
(2) compared with the whole paste filling, the high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium cooperative filling enables half of the paste filling amount to be replaced by solid waste garbage filling with lower cost or little profit, the filling cost can be greatly reduced, meanwhile, no waste rock is left, and the waste rock lifting, transportation and stockpiling costs are saved; by the method, the comprehensive filling cost can be reduced by 30-60%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium cooperative filling;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of an access mining roadway for an ore body;
in the figure, 1-subsection roadway, 2-layered connecting road, 3-ore body, 4-approach mining roadway, 5-filling paste and 6-filling multi-medium.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: the mining method based on the paste-multi-medium cooperative filling in the high ground stress environment with low cost (see figure 1) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) horizontally dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections, horizontally dividing each middle section into a plurality of subsection ore areas, and horizontally dividing each subsection into a plurality of layers; mining an ore body by an upward access type filling mining method, mining layer by layer from the bottom of a middle section to the top of the middle section, excavating a layered connecting channel 2 to an ore body 3 from a sectional roadway 1, and excavating an access type mining roadway in the ore body 3, wherein the section of the first layered access type mining roadway is an isosceles trapezoid, the bottom surface and the top surface of the access type mining roadway are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is greater than that of the top side, and the spacing distance between the bottom sides of adjacent trapezoids is equal to that of the top side of the trapezoid; the cross section of the second and more than second layered approach mining tunnels is hexagonal, the bottom surface and the top surface of the approach mining tunnel are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is equal to that of the top side, and the length of the half waist of the hexagon, namely the length of the horizontal center line, is equal to that of the bottom side of the isosceles trapezoid of the cross section of the first layered approach mining tunnel; the upper and lower adjacent layered approach mining roadways are arranged in a staggered manner to form a honeycomb structural section;
the method for staggered arrangement of the upper and lower adjacent layered access mining roadways comprises the step of forming a honeycomb structural section (see figure 2) by staggered half layers of the upper and lower adjacent layered access mining roadways at the vertical height, specifically
If the ore body 3 comprises N layered approach mining roadways from bottom to top, the bottom surface of a second layered approach mining roadway and the bottom surface of a first layered approach mining roadway are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the second layered approach mining roadway is positioned between the bottom surfaces of first layered adjacent approach mining roadways, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the second layered approach mining roadway are equal to the width of the top surface of the first layered approach mining roadway, the height of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half of the height of the second layered approach mining roadway, and the width of the bottom surface of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half the waist width of the second layered approach mining roadway; the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway and the half waist surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway is positioned between the half waist surfaces of the nth layer of the adjacent access type mining roadway, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway are equal to those of the bottom surface and the top surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway, wherein N is an integer larger than 3, and N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N-1;
the trapezoidal section and the hexagonal section are comprehensively determined according to the magnitude and the direction of the ground stress and the size of mine excavation equipment, preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is 4-7 m, the length of the top side of the trapezoid is 2-5 m, the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is 2-5 m, the height of the hexagon is 3-5 m, and the half waist width of the hexagon, namely the length of a horizontal center line, is 4-7 m;
(2) mining along a first layered approach mining roadway of an ore body bottom plate, constructing a filling retaining wall at an exit of the approach mining roadway after each approach is mined, and filling paste; the paste is prepared by mixing mine tailings, waste rocks, cement, fly ash, water, additives and the like, wherein the slump of the paste is 23-26 cm, the yield stress is 100-250 Pa, the static segregation rate is 1% -15%, the paste has good fluidity and stability, and the strength of the paste in 28 days is 1-3 Mpa, so that the strength of the paste in an upward access type filling mining method meets the walking safety of equipment and personnel in a stope high ground stress environment; the paste slurry can be conveyed to a filling stope through a filling pipeline for filling; the additive comprises a flocculating agent and a pumping agent;
(3) when a second and more than second layered approach mining tunnels are tunneled, hexagonal approach is adopted for one-time blasting forming, after each approach is mined, multi-media are filled to reach the half height of the approach mining tunnel, the filled multi-media are leveled, then a filling retaining wall is built in the approach mining tunnel, and the approach mining tunnel is filled with paste until the paste is completely connected with the roof; wherein the multimedia includes but is not limited to industrial solid waste and municipal construction waste, wherein the industrial solid waste includes but is not limited to mine waste rock and smelting slag; the particle size of the non-paste medium is not more than 50 cm; if the non-paste medium is a toxic and harmful material easy to separate out, protective slurry is sprayed on the inner wall of the access mining roadway to form an isolation layer so as to prevent harmful gas and percolate from leaking; if the maximum grain size of the non-paste medium raw material is not more than 1mm and the average grain size is not more than 500 mu m, pressing the non-paste medium raw material into non-paste medium balls with the average diameter of 40 mm-100 mm;
the arrangement form of the hexagonal filling access road can effectively improve the high ground stress environment and reduce mining disasters such as bottom heave, inclined slope, deformation and the like of the mining access road in the unfilled stage; the multi-medium filling layer is used as a bulk material with certain porosity, can bear partial extrusion deformation and stress release, and plays a certain yielding role in the process of underground pressure; the paste structure provides a support platform for the smooth development of a mining process, and the stability of the side wall and the bottom plate paste provides guarantee for the safe tunneling of a mining access road; the safe and orderly resource recovery in a high ground stress environment is realized by a paste-multi-medium collaborative filling mining method.
Example 2: the distance between a certain lead-zinc ore and a second-line city is 30km, an ore body is arranged at a position 1000-1500 m deep from the earth surface, the stress of the deep part is over 50MPa, and the rock body is mainly hard rock with good stability; the trend of the ore body is 400m long, the average thickness of the ore body is 50m, and the average inclination angle is 65 degrees;
the mining method based on the paste-multi-medium cooperative filling in the high ground stress environment with low cost (see figure 1) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) horizontally dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections, horizontally dividing each middle section into a plurality of subsections, and horizontally dividing each subsection into a plurality of layers; mining an ore body by an upward access type filling mining method, mining layer by layer from the bottom of a middle section to the top of the middle section, excavating a layered connecting channel 2 to an ore body 3 from a sectional roadway 1, and excavating an access type mining roadway in the ore body 3, wherein the middle section is designed to have the height of 60m, the width of the middle section is the thickness of the ore body, the length of the middle section is 50m, the sectional height is 20m, and the layered height is 4 m; excavating a sectional haulage roadway 1 outside the footwall of the ore body, wherein the sectional haulage roadway can be connected with a main haulage roadway in a way of a ramp and the like; tunneling the layered communication road 2 from the sectional haulage roadway to the ore body footwall approach level; the mining access roads are arranged along the trend, wherein the section of the first layered access mining roadway is an isosceles trapezoid, the bottom surface and the top surface of the access mining roadway are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is greater than that of the top side, and the spacing distance between the bottom sides of the adjacent trapezoids is equal to that of the top side of the trapezoid; the cross section of the second and more than second layered approach mining tunnels is hexagonal, the bottom surface and the top surface of the approach mining tunnel are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is equal to that of the top side, and the length of the half waist of the hexagon, namely the length of the horizontal center line, is equal to that of the bottom side of the isosceles trapezoid of the cross section of the first layered approach mining tunnel; the upper and lower adjacent layered approach mining roadways are arranged in a staggered manner to form a honeycomb structural section;
the method for staggered arrangement of the upper and lower adjacent layered access mining roadways comprises the step of forming a honeycomb structural section (see figure 2) by staggered half layers of the upper and lower adjacent layered access mining roadways at the vertical height, specifically
If the ore body 3 comprises N layered approach mining roadways from bottom to top, the bottom surface of a second layered approach mining roadway and the bottom surface of a first layered approach mining roadway are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the second layered approach mining roadway is positioned between the bottom surfaces of first layered adjacent approach mining roadways, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the second layered approach mining roadway are equal to the width of the top surface of the first layered approach mining roadway, the height of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half of the height of the second layered approach mining roadway, and the width of the bottom surface of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half the waist width of the second layered approach mining roadway; the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway and the half waist surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway is positioned between the half waist surfaces of the nth layer of the adjacent access type mining roadway, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway are equal to those of the bottom surface and the top surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway, wherein N is an integer larger than 3, and N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N-1;
the trapezoidal section and the hexagonal section are comprehensively determined according to the magnitude and the direction of the ground stress and the size of mine excavation equipment, preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is 5m, the length of the top side of the trapezoid is 4m, and the height of the trapezoid is 2 m; the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is 4m, the height of the hexagon is 4m, and the length of the half waist width of the hexagon, namely the length of the horizontal center line, is 5 m; performing rock drilling operation through a rock drilling trolley, mechanically charging by using a charging trolley, obtaining a relatively complete hexagonal section by adopting smooth blasting, and performing ore removal operation by using a two-cubic-meter scraper; transferring the ores to an ore pass, transferring the waste rocks to a waste rock pass and carrying out concentrated crushing in a waste rock bin, wherein the maximum block size of the crushed waste rocks is controlled to be 20 cm;
(2) mining along a first layered approach mining roadway of an ore body bottom plate, constructing a filling retaining wall at an exit of the approach mining roadway after each approach is mined, and filling paste media; the paste is prepared from mineral separation full-tail mortar and cement, wherein the mass ratio of paste ash to sand is 1:15, the mass concentration of the paste is 73%, the slump of the paste is 25cm, the yield stress is 150Pa, the static segregation rate is 5%, the paste has good fluidity and stability, and the strength of the paste is 1.5MPa in 28 days, so that the strength of the paste meets the requirements of equipment and personnel walking safety in an upward-approach type filling mining method in a stope high ground stress environment; the paste slurry can be conveyed to a filling stope through a filling pipeline for filling; the paste filling cost is 60 yuan/m by measurement and calculation3；
(3) After the 45-day stoping work, the first-mining layering stoping is finished, and second layering is carried out; when a second and more than second layered approach type mining roadway is tunneled, the hexagonal approach is formed by one-time blasting, after each approach is mined, the multi-medium filling is adopted to reach the half height of the mining roadway, and the filling is leveledBuilding a filling retaining wall in the approach mining roadway by using multiple media, and filling the retaining wall with paste until the retaining wall is completely connected with the top; the multi-media are composed of urban construction waste and underground waste rocks, the urban construction waste is intensively crushed in a surface waste transfer station until the particle size is not more than 20cm, the urban construction waste is directly conveyed to an underground waste rock storage yard from the surface through a mining truck, and meanwhile, mine waste rock materials are conveyed to the underground waste rock storage yard after being intensively crushed in a waste rock bin; through calculation, the filling cost of urban building garbage and underground waste rocks is 10 yuan/m3Conveying the urban construction waste and the waste stone material to a stope for filling by using a two-cubic-meter scraper and flattening the working surface to the waist height; after the multi-medium material is filled, a filling retaining wall is constructed at the port of the access road, paste is filled until the whole access road is completely connected with the top, and closed maintenance is carried out;
after the second layered mining and filling is finished, sequentially carrying out third layering until the Nth layered mining operation according to the second layered mining and filling method; through paste-multi-medium combined filling, the whole filling cost of the mine is controlled to be 35 yuan/m3The direct filling cost is reduced by 42 percent, and the urban construction waste and the industrial waste can be effectively utilized;
the arrangement form of the hexagonal filling access road can effectively improve the high ground stress environment and reduce mining disasters such as bottom heave, inclined slope, deformation and the like of the mining access road in the unfilled stage; the multi-medium filling layer is used as a bulk material with certain porosity, can bear partial extrusion deformation and stress release, and plays a certain yielding role in the process of underground pressure; the paste structure provides a support platform for the smooth development of a mining process, and the stability of the side wall and the bottom plate paste provides guarantee for the safe tunneling of a mining access road; the safe and orderly resource recovery in a high ground stress environment is realized by a paste-multi-medium collaborative filling mining method.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling and used in the high ground stress environment at low cost is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) horizontally dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections, horizontally and uniformly dividing each middle section into a plurality of subsections, and horizontally dividing each subsection mining area into a plurality of layers; mining an ore body by an upward access type filling mining method, mining layer by layer from the bottom of a middle section to the top of the middle section, tunneling a layered connecting channel (2) to the ore body (3) from a sublevel roadway (1), and tunneling an access type mining roadway in the ore body (3), wherein the section of the first layered access type mining roadway is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the bottom surface and the top surface of the access type mining roadway are horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid is greater than that of the top side, and the spacing distance between the bottom sides of adjacent trapezoids is equal to that of the top side of the trapezoid; the cross section of the second and more than second layered approach mining tunnels is hexagonal, the bottom surface and the top surface of the approach mining tunnel are both horizontally arranged, the length of the bottom side of the hexagon is equal to that of the top side, and the length of the half waist of the hexagon is equal to that of the bottom side of the isosceles trapezoid of the cross section of the first layered approach mining tunnel; the upper and lower adjacent layered approach mining roadways are arranged in a staggered manner to form a honeycomb structural section;
(2) mining along a first layered approach mining roadway of an ore body bottom plate, constructing a filling retaining wall at an exit of the approach mining roadway after each approach is mined, filling paste and sealing and maintaining;
(3) when a second and more than second layered approach mining tunnels are tunneled, hexagonal approach is formed through one-step blasting, after each approach is mined, multi-medium filling is adopted until the half height of the approach, namely the waist line position, is achieved, filled multi-medium materials are leveled, then filling retaining walls are built in the approach mining tunnels, and the approach mining tunnels are filled with paste until the paste is completely connected with the roof.
2. The high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method for staggered arrangement of the upper and lower adjacent layered access type mining roadways in the step (1) is that the upper and lower adjacent layered access type mining roadways are staggered at the vertical height by half to form a honeycomb-shaped structural section, specifically to form a honeycomb-shaped structural section
If the ore body (3) comprises N layered approach mining roadways from bottom to top, the bottom surface of a second layered approach mining roadway and the bottom surface of a first layered approach mining roadway are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the second layered approach mining roadway is positioned between the bottom surfaces of first layered adjacent approach mining roadways, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the second layered approach mining roadway are equal to the width of the top surface of the first layered approach mining roadway, the height of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half of the height of the second layered approach mining roadway, and the width of the bottom surface of the first layered approach mining roadway is equal to half the waist width of the second layered approach mining roadway; the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway and the half waist surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway are located on the same horizontal plane, the bottom surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway is located between the half waist surfaces of the nth layer of the adjacent access type mining roadway, the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the (N + 1) th layer of the access type mining roadway are equal to those of the bottom surface and the top surface of the nth layer of the access type mining roadway, wherein N is an integer larger than 3, and N is not less than 2 and not more than N-1.
3. The high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium cooperative filling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the length of the bottom edge of the trapezoid is 4-7 m, the length of the top edge of the trapezoid is 2-5 m, the length of the bottom edge of the hexagon is 2-5 m, the height of the hexagon is 3-5 m, and the half waist width of the hexagon is 4-7 m.
4. The high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the paste is prepared by mixing mine tailings, waste stones, cement, fly ash, water and an additive, wherein the slump of the paste is 23-26 cm, the yield stress is 100-250 Pa, the static segregation rate is 1% -15%, and the strength of the paste in 28 days is 1-3 Mpa.
5. The high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling according to claim 4, characterized in that: the additives include a flocculant, a pumping agent, and/or an early strength agent.
6. The high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: multi-media includes, but is not limited to, industrial solid waste including, but not limited to, mine waste rock and smelter slag, and municipal construction waste.
7. The high ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium cooperative filling of claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the particle size of the multi-medium is not more than 50 cm; if the multi-media are toxic, harmful and easily separated materials, protective slurry is sprayed on the inner wall of the access mining roadway to form an isolation layer; if the maximum particle size of the multi-medium raw material is not more than 1mm and the average particle size is not more than 500 mu m, pressing the multi-medium raw material into multi-medium balls with the average diameter of 40 mm-100 mm.
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