CN109899070B - Slow-inclination medium-thickness ore body solid-waste-free filling mining method based on ellipsoid ore drawing structure - Google Patents
Slow-inclination medium-thickness ore body solid-waste-free filling mining method based on ellipsoid ore drawing structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gentle dip medium-thickness ore body solid waste-free filling mining method based on an ellipsoid ore drawing structure, which is characterized in that a segmented ellipsoid ore drawing structure is constructed based on a discrete ore drawing principle, and a two-step filling process of broken stone and full tailings cementing is utilized to solve the technical problems of high mining ore removal loss rate, extremely high ore removal difficulty, surface subsidence caused by mining, ecological environment pollution caused by waste stone and tailings stockpiling and the like in the conventional gentle dip medium-thickness ore body mining method; the method can effectively control the ore removal loss of mining, protect the ecological environment, comprehensively utilize the broken stone and full-tailing cementing two-step filling process, eliminate surface subsidence and realize the solid waste-free mining process that the waste stone cannot be out of the hole and the tailings are filled into the underground dead zone in the mining process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gentle dip medium-thickness ore body solid waste-free filling mining method based on an ellipsoid ore drawing structure, belonging to the field of underground mining.
Background
Underground mining refers to a process for mining underground mineral resources by a reasonable mining method. The limited underground mine has the problems of multiple challenges of safety, mining efficiency, ecological environment and the like due to the variability of the shape, inclination angle, thickness and physical and mechanical properties of ore rocks. In the past, how to realize safe and efficient mining of slowly inclined medium-thickness ore bodies (the inclination angle is 20-45 degrees and the thickness is 10-15 m) and ensure that the ecological environment of the earth is not damaged is a technical problem of world mining. The related literature is consulted to show that the mining of the gentle dip medium-thickness ore body at home and abroad has the following problems:
(1) the mining loss of mineral resources is large, and for a gently inclined ore body, the self-sliding ore drawing of the ore cannot be realized because the inclination angle of the ore body is smaller than the natural repose angle of the falling ore. On one hand, some mines adopt a sublevel mining method, but in the practical process, a large amount of ores still remain in a stope sublevel, and the ore loss rate of the stope reaches 20-35%. On the other hand, some mines adopt a blasting and throwing mode to realize strong ore removal, the problems of poor blasting effect, complex blasting design parameters and the like exist in the practical process, and the phenomenon that normal ore removal cannot be realized because the blasting effect cannot meet the design requirement often occurs. Therefore, the mining problem of the ore body of the type is not well solved no matter a sublevel chamber method or blasting throwing is adopted at the present stage.
(2) The ecological environment protection problem is that the generated ecological environment damage is mainly concentrated on the following three aspects in the mining process of mineral resources, namely mining subsidence; secondly, a large amount of waste rocks are accumulated in the mining process, a large amount of industrial or agricultural land on the ground surface is occupied, and meanwhile, an underground water system is indirectly influenced due to exposure to sunlight and rain; thirdly, the problem of tailing stockpiling generated in the ore dressing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solid waste-free filling mining method for a slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore body based on an ellipsoid ore drawing structure, aiming at the slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore body.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a gentle dip medium-thickness ore body solid waste-free filling mining method based on an ellipsoid ore drawing structure comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, dividing stages along the vertical direction of an ore body, reserving a top-bottom column between an upper stage and a lower stage, and combining an upper-stage triangular bottom column and a lower-stage triangular top column to form a stage top-bottom column;
(2) based on the ellipsoid ore drawing principle, continuously dividing the stages into subsections in the ore block, controlling the outline size of a lower triangle of each subsection, and forming an ore collecting trench which is beneficial to ore drawing; meanwhile, determining key parameters of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure according to the ore drawing properties of the dispersoids, wherein the ore drawing key parameters comprise a segmentation interval and an ore removal route interval;
(3) tunneling a segmental rock drilling gallery along the direction of an ore body at the bottom of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure formed by each segment; meanwhile, a segmented transport roadway, a mine removal access road, a trackless slope ramp and a draw shaft are arranged on the lower tray;
(4) when first mining and sectional stoping are carried out, vertically upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are drilled along a sectional rock drilling roadway, and the depths of blast holes are controlled to enable sectional lower triangles to form ore collecting trenches utilizing ore drawing; meanwhile, the segmented upper triangle does not influence the extraction of the ore body of the previous segment, and the outline size formed by the segmented inner upper triangle and the segmented lower triangle is an ellipsoid-like body; transferring the ore to a stope chute by ore removal equipment through an ore removal route and a sectional transportation drift to finish the ore removal process of the sectional stope;
(5) after the mining of the segmented ore body is finished, filling of a dead zone formed by segmentation is carried out in two steps, namely firstly, carrying out segmented lower triangular dead zone filling by adopting broken stone non-cemented filling, and then carrying out segmented upper triangular dead zone filling by adopting full-tailings cemented filling;
(6) after the segmented stoping filling is finished, the last segment is stoped in sequence; in the height direction, firstly mining the upper section, then mining the lower section, and firstly mining the lower section and then mining the upper section in the ore block; and carrying out the recycling and filling process circulation in each section and stage to complete the recycling process of the whole ore deposit resource in sequence.
Further, when the segmented lower triangular dead zone is filled with crushed stone in a non-cemented manner in the step (5), waste rocks generated in the underground mining process of mine resources are transported to a stope along the last segmented transportation roadway and the ore removal route by using transportation equipment to carry out downward crushed stone non-cemented filling, and the filling work of the segmented lower triangular dead zone in one step is completed.
Further, in the step (5), the segmented upper triangular dead zone is filled by using full tailings cementing, a filling retaining wall needs to be constructed, filling pipelines are erected along the segmented transportation drift and the ore removal route, the segmented upper triangular dead zone is filled by using full tailings filling slurry, and the segmented inner upper triangular full tailings cementing filling body needs to ensure good self-stability characteristics and does not influence the stoping of the last segmented ore body.
Furthermore, based on an ellipsoid ore drawing principle and the property of bulk ore drawing, a segmented ellipsoid ore drawing structure is constructed, a vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled along a segmented rock drilling roadway, the depth of a blast hole is controlled, so that an ore collecting trench utilizing ore drawing is formed in a segmented lower triangle, and meanwhile, the segmented upper triangle does not influence the recovery of the last segmented ore body.
Furthermore, the outline size formed by the upper triangle and the lower triangle in the segment is an ellipsoid-like body.
Further, in the step (1), the vertical length of each stage is 60-80m, and the length of the ore block along the strike direction is 40-50 m.
Further, in the step (3), the safety distance between the segmented transportation roadway and the segmented rock drilling roadway is 10-15 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is based on a discrete ore drawing principle, a segmented ellipsoid ore drawing structure is constructed, and a filling process of broken stone and full tailings cementing is adopted, so that the technical problems that the mining ore removal loss rate is high, the ore removal difficulty is extremely high, the surface subsidence is caused by mining, waste rocks and tailings are accumulated to pollute the ecological environment and the like in the conventional mining method for the gently inclined medium-thick ore body are solved;
the method can effectively control the ore removal loss of mining, protect the ecological environment, comprehensively utilize the broken stone and full-tailing cementing two-step filling process, eliminate surface subsidence and realize the solid waste-free mining process that the waste stone cannot be out of the hole and the tailings are filled into the underground dead zone in the mining process.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stage in the formation of the present method;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 1.
In the figure: 100-stage; 110-rock drilling gallery; 120-contact lane; 130-draw shaft; 140-extravenal transport roadways; 141-ramp; 150-sector medium-length hole; 160-gluing a filling body by upper triangle; 170-lower triangle waste rock filling body; 200-mining small sections; 300-top column; 400-bottom pillar; 500-rock pile.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a solid waste-free filling mining method for a slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore body based on an ellipsoid ore drawing structure comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, dividing stages along the vertical direction of an ore body, reserving a top-bottom column between an upper stage and a lower stage, and combining an upper-stage triangular bottom column and a lower-stage triangular top column to form a stage top-bottom column;
(2) based on the ellipsoid ore drawing principle known in the field, the stages are continuously divided into segments in the ore block, the contour size of a lower triangle of each segment is controlled, and an ore collecting trench which is beneficial to ore drawing is formed; meanwhile, determining key parameters of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure according to the ore drawing properties of the dispersoids, wherein the ore drawing key parameters comprise a segmentation interval and an ore removal route interval;
(3) tunneling a segmental rock drilling gallery along the direction of an ore body at the bottom of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure formed by each segment; meanwhile, a segmented transport roadway, a mine removal access road, a trackless slope ramp and a draw shaft are arranged on the lower tray;
(4) when first mining and sectional stoping are carried out, vertically upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are drilled along a sectional rock drilling roadway, and the depths of blast holes are controlled to enable sectional lower triangles to form ore collecting trenches utilizing ore drawing; meanwhile, the segmented upper triangle does not influence the extraction of the ore body of the previous segment, and the outline size formed by the segmented inner upper triangle and the segmented lower triangle is an ellipsoid-like body; transferring the ore to a stope chute by ore removal equipment through an ore removal route and a sectional transportation drift to finish the ore removal process of the sectional stope;
(5) after the mining of the segmented ore body is finished, filling of a dead zone formed by segmentation is carried out in two steps, namely firstly, carrying out segmented lower triangular dead zone filling by adopting broken stone non-cemented filling, and then carrying out segmented upper triangular dead zone filling by adopting full-tailings cemented filling;
(6) after the segmented stoping filling is finished, the last segment is stoped in sequence; in the height direction, firstly mining the upper section, then mining the lower section, and firstly mining the lower section and then mining the upper section in the ore block; and carrying out the recycling and filling process circulation in each section and stage to complete the recycling process of the whole ore deposit resource in sequence.
And (5) when the segmented lower triangular dead zone is filled with crushed stone in a non-cemented manner in the step (5), transporting waste rocks generated in the underground mining process of mine resources to a stope along the last segmented transport roadway and the ore removal route by using transporting equipment to fill the crushed stone in the non-cemented manner downwards, and completing the filling work in the step one of the segmented lower triangular dead zone.
And (5) filling the segmented upper triangular dead zone by using full tailings cementing, constructing a filling retaining wall, erecting filling pipelines along the segmented transportation gallery and the ore removal route, and performing cementing filling on the segmented upper triangular dead zone by using full tailings filling slurry, wherein the segmented inner upper triangular full tailings cementing filling body needs to ensure good self-stability and does not influence the stoping of the last segmented ore body.
In the embodiment, based on an ellipsoid ore drawing principle and the property of bulk ore drawing, a segmented ellipsoid ore drawing structure is constructed, a vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled along a segmented rock drilling roadway, the depth of a blast hole is controlled, so that a segmented lower triangle is formed into an ore collecting trench utilizing ore drawing, and meanwhile, the segmented upper triangle does not influence the recovery of the last segmented ore body. The outline size formed by the upper triangle and the lower triangle in the segment is an ellipsoid-like body.
In the embodiment, a plurality of rock drilling drifts are arranged in each stage from bottom to top, a plurality of connecting channels communicated with the rock drilling drifts are arranged behind each rock drilling drift, extravenal transportation roadways communicated with the connecting channels are arranged on the connecting channels, drop shafts communicated with the extravenal transportation roadways are arranged on the extravenal transportation roadways, a slope way is arranged between the upper extravenal transportation roadways and the lower extravenal transportation roadways, fan-shaped medium-length holes used for embedding explosives are arranged in a mining unit, and an upper triangular cemented filling body and a lower triangular waste rock filling body are arranged at the bottom of the mining unit. According to the gradient and the trend of an ore body, a rock drilling gallery is arranged in the ore body, and an explosive burying hole is arranged in the ore body, so that after the ore body is bombed by explosive, the ore can fall into the rock drilling gallery, and then the ore is transported out of the ore body through a connecting channel, an extravenal transport tunnel and an ore pass; and a connecting line between two adjacent rock drilling galleries is parallel to the surface of the ore body. Connecting two rock drilling drifts which are adjacent up and down, wherein the inclination of the straight line is consistent with the inclination of an ore body above the rock drilling drifts, so that the ore can fall into the drift after the ore body is bombed; the medicine embedding holes are distributed in a fan shape, and the bottoms of the medicine embedding holes are communicated with the rock drilling gallery. The arrangement is beneficial to improving the ore output after the ore bodies are bombed; the upper triangular cementing filling body is positioned above the lower triangular waste rock filling body.
In the step (1), the vertical length of each stage is 60-80m, and the length of the ore block along the strike direction is 40-50 m.
In the step (3), the safe distance between the sectional transportation roadway and the sectional rock drilling roadway is 10-15 m.
The method has the main technical and economic indexes that:
(1) and (3) sampling and cutting ratio: 43.5.0m3(ii) kt, for a total of 10.8 standard m/kt;
(2) comprehensive efficiency of the drill jumbo: 40-60 m/station/class;
(3) ore removal efficiency: 250-300 t/station/class;
(4) efficiency of the mining shift: 25-30 t/worker/class;
(5) loss rate in the mining process: 5.0 percent;
(6) depletion rate in the mining process: 8.0 percent;
(7) direct cost of mining: 42 yuan/t (including the packing cost).
A gold mine is a Fujian Longyan mineral, the mineral body of the gold mine is in a vein shape, the trend length is 300m, the average thickness of the mineral body is 8-15m, the gold grade is 1.9g/t, and the dip angle of the mineral body is 25-30 degrees on average. The industrial experiment is carried out in the experimental mine section, and the experiment is carried out by the method.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) the elevation of the stoping stage of the experimental stope is-360 m-440 m, the stages are divided along the vertical direction of an ore body, the height of the experimental stage is 80m, a top-bottom column is reserved between the upper stage and the lower stage, the upper stage triangular bottom column and the lower stage triangular top column are combined to form a stage top-bottom column, and the ore block is 50m long along the trend.
(2) Based on the ellipsoid ore drawing principle, continuously dividing the stages into subsections in the ore block, controlling the outline size of a lower triangle of each subsection, and forming an ore collecting trench which is beneficial to ore drawing; meanwhile, determining key parameters of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure according to the ore drawing properties of the dispersoids, wherein the ore drawing key parameters comprise a segmentation interval and an ore removal route interval; and taking the height 21m of the ore drawing ellipsoid and the length 8.5m of the short axis, and calculating to obtain the sectional height h =12.5m and the route distance S =12 m.
(3) The elevation of a first mining subsection is-440 m, and a subsection rock drilling roadway is tunneled along the trend of an ore body at the bottom of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure formed by all the subsections; meanwhile, a segmented transport roadway, a mine removal access road, a trackless slope ramp and a draw shaft are arranged on the lower tray; the safe distance between the sectional transportation roadway and the sectional rock drilling roadway is 10-15m, and 13m is taken as the construction design.
(4) When first-mining and sectional stoping are carried out, a vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled along a sectional rock drilling roadway, the depth of a blast hole is controlled, so that a sectional lower triangle is formed into an ore collecting trench utilizing ore drawing, and meanwhile, the sectional upper triangle does not influence the stoping of an ore body of the previous section; the outline size formed by the segmented inner upper triangle and the segmented inner lower triangle is an ellipsoid-like body; and transferring the ore to a stope drop shaft by using an Atlas Copco ST-2D scraper through a ore removal route and a sectional transportation roadway to finish the ore removal process of the sectional stope.
(5) After the mining of the sectional ore body is finished, filling of a vacant area formed by sections in two steps; firstly, carrying out non-cemented filling on broken stones in the segmented lower triangular dead zone, and carrying out non-cemented filling on the broken stones in the mining field along the upper segmented transportation drift and the ore removal route by using a truck in a pit to carry out the non-cemented filling on the broken stones downwards so as to finish the filling work in the first step of the segmented lower triangular dead zone; and then, carrying out full-tailings cemented filling on the segmented upper triangular dead zone, constructing a filling retaining wall, erecting filling pipelines along the segmented transportation drift and the ore removal route, and carrying out cemented filling on the segmented upper triangular dead zone by using full-tailings filling slurry, wherein practices show that the filling concentration is maintained to be more than 68%, and when the filling design ratio is 1:8-1:10, the segmented inner-upper triangular full-tailings cemented filling body can ensure good self-stability characteristics and does not influence the stoping of the last segmented ore body.
(6) And after the segmented stoping filling is finished, the last segment is stoped in sequence. In the height direction, the upper stage is mined firstly, and then the lower stage is mined; firstly mining a lower subsection in a mineral block, and then mining an upper subsection; and carrying out the recycling and filling process circulation in each section and stage to complete the recycling process of the whole ore deposit resource in sequence.
The above-mentioned preferred embodiments, further illustrating the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, should be understood that the above-mentioned are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a gentle dip medium thickness ore body does not have solid useless filling mining method based on ellipsoid ore drawing structure which characterized in that includes following at the step:
(1) firstly, dividing stages along the vertical direction of an ore body, reserving a top-bottom column between an upper stage and a lower stage, and combining an upper-stage triangular bottom column and a lower-stage triangular top column to form a stage top-bottom column;
(2) based on an ellipsoid ore drawing principle, continuously dividing stages into sections in an ore block, and controlling the outline size of a lower triangle of each section to form an ore collecting trench beneficial to ore drawing; meanwhile, determining key parameters of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure according to the ore drawing properties of the dispersoids, wherein the key parameters of the ore drawing structure comprise a segmentation interval and an ore removal route interval;
(3) tunneling a segmental rock drilling gallery along the direction of an ore body at the bottom of an ellipsoid ore drawing structure formed by each segment; meanwhile, a segmented transport roadway, a mine removal access road, a trackless slope ramp and a draw shaft are arranged on the lower tray;
(4) when first-mining and sectional stoping are carried out, vertically upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are drilled along a sectional rock drilling roadway, and the depths of blast holes are controlled to enable sectional lower triangles to form ore collecting trenches which are beneficial to ore drawing; meanwhile, the upper triangle of the subsection does not influence the stoping of the ore body of the last subsection; transferring the ore to a stope chute by ore removal equipment through an ore removal route and a sectional transportation drift to finish the ore removal process of the sectional stope;
(5) after the mining of the segmented ore body is finished, filling of a partitioned empty area is carried out in two steps, namely firstly, carrying out segmented lower triangular empty area filling by adopting broken stone non-cemented filling, and then carrying out segmented upper triangular empty area filling by adopting full-tailings cemented filling; when the segmented lower triangular dead zone is filled with crushed stone in a non-cemented manner, waste rocks generated in the underground mining process of mine resources are transported into a stope along the upper segmented transport roadway and the ore removal route by adopting transportation equipment to carry out downward crushed stone non-cemented filling, and the filling work of the step of the segmented lower triangular dead zone is completed; the method comprises the following steps of filling the segmented upper triangular dead zone by using full tailings cementing, constructing a filling retaining wall, erecting a filling pipeline along a segmented transportation gallery and a mine removal route, performing cementing filling on the segmented upper triangular dead zone by using full tailings filling slurry, constructing a segmented ellipsoidal ore drawing structure according to an ellipsoidal ore drawing principle and bulk ore drawing properties, drilling a vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole along the segmented rock drilling gallery, and controlling the depth of a blast hole to enable a segmented lower triangle to form an ore collecting trench favorable for ore drawing, wherein the outline size formed by the segmented upper triangle and the segmented lower triangle is an ellipsoid-like body;
(6) after the segmented stoping filling is finished, the last segment is stoped in sequence; in the height direction, firstly mining the upper section, then mining the lower section, and firstly mining the lower section and then mining the upper section in the ore block; and carrying out the recycling and filling process circulation in each section and stage to complete the recycling process of the whole ore deposit resource in sequence.
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| CN110359914B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-01-15 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Safe and low-cost combined sublevel mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body |
| CN114934774B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-05-12 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Mine solid waste zero-emission process |
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