CN104632220B - Mining method with adjustable and controllable structure size of gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope - Google Patents
Mining method with adjustable and controllable structure size of gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104632220B CN104632220B CN201410751615.8A CN201410751615A CN104632220B CN 104632220 B CN104632220 B CN 104632220B CN 201410751615 A CN201410751615 A CN 201410751615A CN 104632220 B CN104632220 B CN 104632220B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stope
- ore
- bar post
- structure size
- ramp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004247 hand Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method with an adjustable and controllable structure size of a gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope. The work of a recovery process is safe by adopting an advanced top cutting anchor rod support roof; efficient recovery of ores is realized by middle-deep hole ore break down, retreating type recovery and ore removal of a carry scraper; a studding is not formed along the inclined direction of an ore body and thus the loss rate of ores is reduced; and a goaf roof is supported by a waste stone slip casting glue structured artificial strip column so that the effective management on ground pressure of the stope is realized. The mining method with the adjustable and controllable structure size of the gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that the working is safe, the production efficiency is high, the loss rate of the ores is relatively low, and few filling raw materials are needed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mining methods, more particularly to one kind are applied to the supply of underground mine filling raw material not filling
Foot, ore body roof and floor moderately stable, the grade of ore is relatively low, earth's surface does not allow avalanche the slow of the exploitation of gently inclined medium thick orebody incline
Tiltedly middle thickness orebody bar post reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable.
Background technology
The exploitation of the gently inclined medium thick orebody of roof and floor moderately stable, due to being limited by goaf exposed area, passes
System mining methods are often through reducing stope area, reserved substantial amounts of continuous ore pillar ensures the safety of exploitation process, more afterwards
Bashing two step reclaims ore pillar.But in the mine that the supply of filling raw material is not enough, or exploitation filling cost control ratio
More sensitive low-grade ore body, it is impossible to carry out extensive filling to goaf, is restricted using the method for mining by the way of filling, in turn results in
Pillar recovery operational difficulties even cannot back production a difficult problem.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is a kind of job safety of offer, production efficiency is high, ore loss ratio is relatively low,
The less gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post of required filling raw material reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable.
In order to solve the above problems, the gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post that the present invention provides reproduces stope structure size adjustable can
Control mining methods, ensure exploitation process job safety using cutting top roof bolting in advance；Returned using medium-length hole ore blast, retrusive
Adopt, scraper ore removal realizes the high winning technology of Ore；Do not stay studding along orebody strike, reduce ore loss ratio；Using barren rock
Slip casting is cementing to construct artificial bar post support goaf top plate, realizes effective management of stope ground pressure.
The present invention specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) divide panel along orebody trend, divide segmentation in panel, between segmentation, stay the continuous ore pillar of across pitch, across strike
Do not stay studding；
(2) across pitch arrangement stope, with each segmentation stope of Zigzag type Cai Zhun ramp UNICOM, in the continuous ore pillar in panel bottom
Arrangement drop shaft, the level haulageway of UNICOM's ore body lower wall, constitute panel transportation system；Stope roof centre position arrangement cuts top
Tunnel, cuts top shield top in advance before back production；Stope sill intermediate arrangement rock drilling ore removal route, Drilling in the continuous ore pillar in stope both sides
Slot raise, forms cutting groove with slot raise for scope of freedom explosion, as the explosion scope of freedom of extensive back production；Continuous ore pillar
Interior across pitch arranges stowboard, near stope side ceiling location arrangement filling connecting taxiway, as artificial bar post packing job
Passage；
(3) back production is freely carried out towards adopting quasi- ramp retrusive for explosion with cutting groove, fan shaped medium length hole falls ore deposit, scraper
Machine ore removal；Reproduce artificial bar post roof supporting so that barren rock slip casting is cementing in goaf, realize stope ground pressure control；Using downdraft mode
Stopping sequence, after upper substoping finishes, this segmentation is adopted quasi- ramp and is no longer retained.
Specifically, the physical dimension of continuous ore pillar is 10m, and Width of stope is 20m, and length is 80m.
Specifically, the specification adopting quasi- ramp is 3m × 3m, and the specification of rock drilling ore removal route is 3m × 3m, slot raise
Specification is 2m × 2m, and the specification of stowboard is 3m × 3m, and the specification of filling connecting taxiway is 3m × 3m, and the specification cutting top tunnel is
3m × 3m, the specification cutting top connecting taxiway is 3m × 3m.
With each stope of Cai Zhun ramp UNICOM and stowboard, reduce the ramp angle of scraper, when the slanting angle of ore body becomes
When big, ramp slope control is made in the range of scraper climbing capacity by the method elongating oblique distance.Adopt quasi- ramp and fill
Filling out tunnel concrete arrangement is: stowboard-rock drilling enters section ramp along ore body backplane；Rock drilling route-filling lane
Road section ramp is arranged with the gradient 1/7；Adopt quasi- ramp-filling connecting taxiway section stowboard to arrange with the gradient 1/7, through secondary
Gradient adjustment enables scraper to transport barren rock to filling connecting taxiway the packing job carrying out artificial bar post.
Cut top tunnel to pass through to cut top connecting taxiway and stowboard UNICOM, before the extensive back production of Ore, rock drilling equipment is cutting top
In tunnel, Drilling shallow bore hole is cut top in advance to ore body roof, and is adopted using the supporting means such as anchor pole, anchor cable or shot anchor net
Field Roof, ensures that stoping operation is safe and efficient.
Barren rock is poured into from filling connecting taxiway to goaf using scraper, piles up and construct the barren rock meeting top area 20m × 5m
Filling bar post, and embedding Grouting Pipe in advance, treat that bar post forms injection cement mortar immediately and makes obturator cementing；When artificial bar post fills
Fill out after body meets top plate supporting Capability Requirement and carry out next step stoping operation again.
According to engineering geological survey, mechanical test and numerical simulation result, determine the limit exposed area in goaf；On top
The poor region of plate rock crusher, steadiness, by reducing Width of stope, reducing artificial bar intercolumniation, increase and connect top area or adopt
With methods such as shields top effect preferable supporting means (as shot anchor net combined supporting), realize the effective management to stope ground pressure；Instead
It, then increase Width of stope reducing the ore losses of continuous ore pillar, or increase artificial bar intercolumniation to reduce waste fill amount
And filling cost.
Length of stope arrangement is not affected by top board exposed area, is adjusted flexibly between 80～160m.
Gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post using technique scheme reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable,
Its advantage is, with each stope of Zigzag type Cai Zhun ramp UNICOM, to reduce the ramp angle during transport of scraper ore removal；Edge
Orebody strike does not stay studding, reduces ore losses, improves the economic benefit in mine；Top board is cut in advance with top shield top,
Ensure that exploitation process job safety is efficient；With stope propulsion, reproduce artificial bar post and prop up using barren rock slip casting is cementing
Support goaf top plate, realizes the effective management pressed over the ground；Artificial bar intercolumniation, to connect top area, Stope dimension controllable, can
The flexible arrangement when roof condition is complicated, the scope of application is wider.
In sum, the present invention is a kind of job safety, production efficiency is high, ore loss ratio is relatively low, required filling raw material
Less gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the front view that gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post reproduces the controlled Mining method design of stope structure size adjustable.
Fig. 2 be along along Fig. 1-line profile.
Fig. 3 be along along Fig. 1-line profile.
Fig. 4 be along along Fig. 1-line profile.
Fig. 5 be along along Fig. 1-line profile.
In figure: 1. artificial bar post, 2. back production blasthole, 3. cut top connecting taxiway, 4. rock drilling ore removal route, 5. adopt quasi- ramp,
6. drop shaft, 7. continuous ore pillar, 8. stage haulage way, 9. cutting groove, 10. slot raise, 11. filling connecting taxiways, 12. filling lanes
Road, 13. broken ores, 14. anchor poles, 15. cut top tunnel, 16. Grouting Pipe.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, divide panel along orebody trend, divide segmentation in panel, between segmentation, stay edge
The continuous ore pillar 7 of trend, the physical dimension of continuous ore pillar 7 is 10m, and Width of stope is 20m, and length is 80m.Across pitch arrangement is adopted
, each segmentation stope of quasi- ramp 5 UNICOM is adopted with Zigzag type, arrangement drop shaft 6, UNICOM's ore body lower wall in the continuous ore pillar in panel bottom
Level haulageway 8, constitute level haulage system.Stope roof intermediate arrangement cuts top tunnel 15, and by cutting top connecting taxiway 3
With stowboard 12 UNICOM, before back production, in advance top is cut to ore body roof, and install anchor pole 14 shield top.From adopting quasi- ramp to stope
Tunnel rock drilling ore removal route 4 for both sides, and Drilling slot raise 10 in the continuous ore pillar in stope both sides is quick-fried for the scope of freedom with slot raise
Broken formation cutting groove 9, as the explosion scope of freedom of extensive back production.In continuous ore pillar, across pitch arrangement stowboard 12, close
Stope side ceiling location arrangement filling connecting taxiway 11, as the passage of artificial bar post 1 packing job.
Adopt quasi- ramp 5 and stowboard 12 concrete arrangement is: stowboard-ore removal enters section ramp along ore body
Backplane；Ore removal route-stowboard section ramp is arranged with the gradient 1/7；Adopt quasi- ramp-filling connecting taxiway section filling lane
Road is arranged with the gradient 1/7, enables scraper to transport barren rock through the adjustment of the secondary gradient and carries out manually to filling connecting taxiway 11
The packing job of bar post.
The specification adopting quasi- ramp 5 is 3m × 3m, and the specification of rock drilling ore removal route 4 is 3m × 3m, the rule of slot raise 10
Lattice are 2m × 2m, and the specification of stowboard 12 is 3m × 3m, and the specification of filling connecting taxiway 11 is 3m × 3m, cuts the rule in top tunnel 15
Lattice are 3m × 3m, and the specification cutting top connecting taxiway 3 is 3m × 3m.
Rock drilling equipment Drilling fan shaped medium length hole 2 in rock drilling ore removal route 4, with cutting groove 9 for explosion freely towards adopting standard
Ramp 5 retrusive carries out back production, carries out ore removal transport using scraper.Downdraft mode stopping sequence, upper segmentation is carried out in stage casing
After back production finishes, this segmentation is adopted quasi- ramp 5 and is no longer retained.
Artificial bar intercolumniation is determined according to Stope roof country rock steadiness and shield top effect, is got in touch with from filling using scraper
Road 11 pours barren rock into goaf, piles up and constructs the waste fill bar post meeting top area 20m × 5m, and embedding Grouting Pipe in advance
16, treat that bar post forms injection cement mortar immediately and makes obturator cementing；Exploitation process strengthens the monitoring to strength of filling mass, when it
Carry out next step stoping operation again after meeting top plate supporting Capability Requirement.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable, using cutting top anchor pole in advance
Shield top ensures exploitation process job safety；Efficiently returning of Ore is realized using medium-length hole ore blast, drawing back, scraper ore removal
Adopt；Do not stay studding along orebody strike, reduce ore loss ratio；Construct artificial bar post support goaf using barren rock slip casting is cementing
Top board, realizes effective management of stope ground pressure, it is characterized in that: specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) divide panel along orebody trend, divide segmentation in panel, stay the continuous ore pillar of across pitch between segmentation, across strike is not stayed
Studding；
(2) across pitch arrangement stope, with arrangement in each segmentation stope of Zigzag type Cai Zhun ramp UNICOM, the continuous ore pillar in panel bottom
Drop shaft, the level haulageway of UNICOM's ore body lower wall, constitute panel transportation system；Qie Ding lane is arranged in Stope roof centre position
Road, cuts top shield top in advance before back production；Stope sill intermediate arrangement rock drilling ore removal route, in the continuous ore pillar in stope both sides, Drilling is cut
Cut courtyard, cutting groove is formed for scope of freedom explosion with slot raise, as the explosion scope of freedom of extensive back production；In continuous ore pillar
Across pitch arranges stowboard, near stope side ceiling location arrangement filling connecting taxiway, as artificial bar post packing job
Passage；
(3) back production is freely carried out towards adopting quasi- ramp retrusive for explosion with cutting groove, fan shaped medium length hole falls ore deposit, scraper goes out
Ore deposit；Reproduce artificial bar post roof supporting so that barren rock slip casting is cementing in goaf, realize stope ground pressure control；Using downdraft mode back production
Sequentially, after upper substoping finishes, this segmentation is adopted quasi- ramp and is no longer retained.
2. gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post according to claim 1 reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable,
It is characterized in that: the physical dimension of described continuous ore pillar is 10m, Width of stope is 20m, length is 80m.
3. gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post according to claim 1 and 2 reproduces the controlled mining side of stope structure size adjustable
Method, is characterized in that: described top tunnel of cutting is passed through to cut top connecting taxiway and stowboard UNICOM, before the extensive back production of Ore, rock drilling
Equipment is cut top to ore body roof in advance cutting Drilling shallow bore hole in the tunnel of top, and using anchor pole, anchor cable or shotcrete rock bolt wire mesh support handss
Duan Jinhang Stope roof is safeguarded, ensures that stoping operation is safe and efficient.
4. gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post according to claim 3 reproduces the controlled mining methods of stope structure size adjustable,
It is characterized in that: the described specification adopting quasi- ramp is 3m × 3m, the specification of described rock drilling ore removal route is 3m × 3m, described
The specification of slot raise be 2m × 2m, the specification of described stowboard is 3m × 3m, the specification of described filling connecting taxiway
For 3m × 3m, the described specification cutting top tunnel is 3m × 3m, and the described specification cutting top connecting taxiway is 3m × 3m.
5. gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post according to claim 1 and 2 reproduces the controlled mining side of stope structure size adjustable
Method, is characterized in that: pours barren rock from filling connecting taxiway to goaf using scraper, piles up to construct and connect top area 20m × 5m's
Waste fill bar post, and embedding Grouting Pipe in advance, treat that bar post forms injection cement mortar immediately and makes obturator cementing；When artificial bar
Post obturator carries out next step stoping operation after meeting top plate supporting Capability Requirement again.
6. gently inclined medium thick orebody bar post according to claim 1 and 2 reproduces the controlled mining side of stope structure size adjustable
Method, is characterized in that: length of stope arrangement is not affected by top board exposed area, can be adjusted flexibly between 80～160m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410751615.8A CN104632220B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | Mining method with adjustable and controllable structure size of gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410751615.8A CN104632220B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | Mining method with adjustable and controllable structure size of gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104632220A CN104632220A (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| CN104632220B true CN104632220B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
Family
ID=53211399
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410751615.8A Active CN104632220B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | Mining method with adjustable and controllable structure size of gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104632220B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105626074B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-04-10 | 湖北杉树垭矿业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of big thick ore body mining methods |
| CN106150504B (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-05-15 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Advanced top-cut explosive-force ore-carrying sublevel mining method |
| CN106285677A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 湖北三鑫金铜股份有限公司 | Side back production subregion filling studding recovery method is expanded to route on Chao Qian |
| CN106351692B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-06-22 | 中南大学 | A kind of slight slope and thin ore body barren rock cementing pillar method of mining by the way of filling |
| CN106593447B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-03-05 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of underground mining gently inclined medium thick orebody mining methods |
| CN107762515B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-06-21 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | A kind of gently inclined medium thick orebody panel filling mining method |
| CN108868771B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-03-10 | 中南大学 | Mining method for horizontal medium-length hole stoping of inclined medium-thickness ore body |
| CN109057798B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-11-03 | 中蓝连海设计研究院有限公司 | Wall type filling mining method suitable for gentle slope phosphate rock bed |
| CN109505602A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-22 | 湖北三鑫金铜股份有限公司 | To high stratification skew wall route continuous exploitation method under one kind |
| CN112196538B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-02-01 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Inclined upward mountain combined downward access cemented filling mining method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101881169A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Sublevel shrinkage caving stage open stope afterwards filling mining method |
| CN103114854B (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2015-01-14 | 中南大学 | Pillar robbing method of reconstructed artificial stud |
| CN103790588B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-03-23 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of gently inclined orebody is from slipping mining methods |
-
2014
- 2014-12-09 CN CN201410751615.8A patent/CN104632220B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104632220A (en) | 2015-05-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104632220B (en) | Mining method with adjustable and controllable structure size of gentle dip medium-thickness ore body strip column reconstructed stope | |
| CN103590831B (en) | A kind of gentle dip is thin-the novel mining methods of middle thickness orebody | |
| CN102518438B (en) | Roof regeneration medium-length hole ore blast backfill mining method | |
| CN105041314A (en) | Method for united mining of deep subsequent stoping chamber and layered stoping jamb | |
| CN102168579A (en) | Rib-pillar-free continuous sublevel filling method for mining preparation in medium-thickness slope crushed ore body vein | |
| CN1982649A (en) | Mining method | |
| WO2011103620A1 (en) | A method of reducing subsidence or windblast impacts from longwall mining | |
| CN102678121A (en) | Layered top-controlling filling mining method for residual ores in deep hole in diskless area | |
| CN103821558A (en) | Coal mine gob filling mining system and gob-side entry retaining filling process | |
| CN107191208A (en) | Rigid protection body Support Method in flexible support Ti Yu lanes by gob side entry retaining lane | |
| CN105422102B (en) | A kind of vertical medium-length hole ore blast subsection access back-filling method | |
| CN108798672B (en) | A kind of mining methods for the area's ore high-efficiency mining that collapses greatly | |
| CN108625855B (en) | Mining method under filling body | |
| CN105736009A (en) | Shrinkage heap leaching subsequent filling mining method used for steeply-inclined thin orebody | |
| CN109611146B (en) | Separation layer water drainage grouting method | |
| CN104533419B (en) | Method for partial recovery of residual coal from wide coal pillar | |
| CN103195443A (en) | Deep mining method capable of optimizing support parameters and preventing roadway delaying water gushing | |
| CN104453996A (en) | Upward layered wall type bag filling mining method | |
| CN104453900A (en) | Filling mining method of near-horizontal ore body | |
| CN105804748A (en) | Method for mining hanging wall ore by subareas under open-air transportation system | |
| CN104989408A (en) | Safe and high-efficiency mining method for metal mine in mountainous area | |
| CN109899070B (en) | Slow-inclination medium-thickness ore body solid-waste-free filling mining method based on ellipsoid ore drawing structure | |
| CN104265294A (en) | Coal pillar-free mining technology for blasting mining face of steeply dipping seam | |
| CN108643912B (en) | A kind of induction caving afterwards filling mining methods | |
| CN109296368A (en) | Stepped upward horizontal layered cemented filling mining method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |