CN107939399A - A kind of more stage casings level pillar recovery method and into line structure under exploitation pattern at the same time - Google Patents
A kind of more stage casings level pillar recovery method and into line structure under exploitation pattern at the same time Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The present invention disclose under a kind of more stage casings while exploitation pattern level pillar recovery method and into line structure.The recovery method presses after rectangle drift stoping consolidated fill at the top of the level pillar stage casing into false attic；Decline hexagon half from false attic, delay filling is returned into preparation layers by hexagonal lower portion inverted trapezoidal route interval；Decline hexagon half from preparation layers, filled after preparation interlayer presses hexagon drift stoping into first floor filling layer；Decline hexagon half from first floor filling layer, filled after the first floor fills interlayer by hexagon drift stoping and form the normal filling layer of hexagon.It is described to be arranged on each stage casing top layer of level pillar into false attic in line structure, preparation layers are arranged on false top bottom into inverted trapezoidal interval, the hexagon route of first floor filling layer is arranged between preparation layers inverted trapezoidal route, and the hexagon route of the normal filling layer of hexagon is arranged between first floor filling layer or its higher slice hexagon route.The present invention has the characteristics that STOPE STABILITY is good, recycling is safe and reliable, the rate of recovery is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mineral extraction technique field, and in particular to a kind of STOPE STABILITY is good, recycling is safe and reliable, ore pillar
The high more stage casings of rate of recovery level pillar recovery method and into line structure under exploitation pattern at the same time.
Background technology
In recent years, horizontal cut and fill stoping（On to/under to）It is use along the horizontal full face tunneling of ore body, mechanization more
Big panel, continuously arrange and the exploitation pattern of double stage casings even more stage casings back production at the same time is used widely without ore pillar.Filling
During, after filling slurry is filled with goaf, with the increase of time, the gradual deposition dehydrating consolidation of filling slurry, itself can send out
Raw drying shrinkage, compression etc., cause obturation not connect top, can not be connect in double stage casings or the back production at the same time of more stage casings and admission passage filling
During top, level pillar will necessarily dynamic formation.In past few years, there is level pillar in recovery process in part mine, such as
Jinchuan deposit Ⅱ area, Jinchuan head ore deposits, wushan Copper Deposit, ROOF CONTROL TECHNIQUE IN FENGHUANGSHANCOPPER MINE, Technology of Anqing etc..
Level pillar is more typical one kind in ore pillar, plays the role of carrying stope and dead zone, it can be ensured that stope and
The stability of dead zone, still, in more stage casing recovery process, with the increase of cutting depth, each stage casing filling body thickness is got over
Come thicker, the ore pillar between stage casing is more and more thinner, with thinning and stress concentration degree the intensification of level pillar thickness, ore pillar
Unstable failure can be produced, causes mineral resources to waste, or even directly results in underground operators casualty.
Such as Technology of Anqing stays the horizontal ore deposit for having set 15m thickness to ensure high stage casing back production safety between -385~-400m
Column, with the increase excavated with depth of fill, stays the ore pillar amount set also more and more, the serious wasting of resources is caused, in order to grind
Study carefully the incorporation engineering actual conditions such as the recovery method for level pillar, Liao Weicheng, analyzed by the method for numerical simulation more
Kind of stoping method, focusing on comparative analysis's upper centripetal deep hole afterwards filling, it is lower to medium-length hole afterwards filling and on to route point
Stope safty in layer 3 kinds of method recovery process of filling, proposes that optimal case, to route stratified filling method, improves ore on being
The rate of recovery, still, does not consider from route section structure, obturation overall stability is improved, so as to improve STOPE STABILITY.
Again such as after 5000 ton per day technological transformation of wushan Copper Deposit work, realize it is up to standard up to producing, to ensure that later stage production is steady
It is qualitative, can persistence, which carries out double stage casings exploitations in northern mine belt part stope.But the level pillar that double stage casing exploitations leave returns
Yield only 40%, even ensures safety in production, and abandons the recycling of ore pillar, causes a large amount of ore resources to waste.Later, mine
By changing stopping sequence, recycled using room-and-pillar method, optimize consolidated fill technique, although by ore recovery ratio bring up to 80% with
On.But used method does not improve obturation and connects top rate, so as to ensure that ore pillar bottom supports, fundamentally solve to adopt
Field is unstable.
Inventor is formed by analysis level ore pillar and destructive process, show that the supporting role of ore pillar bottom is related to ore pillar
Globality sinking can or can not occur.What is used in the prior art is lower to the horizontal slice rectangle route type method of mining by the way of filling, is exploiting
During route two help to be vertical, the stabilization of top plate obturation is mainly to be realized by two frictional force helped, and obturation
" contraction " can help to produce " plane of weakness " two, therefore the overall stability of top plate is poor, and obturation can not be realized and connect top completely.Adopt
When field does not connect larger between head space, do not connect the top above obturation can slump, impact following obturation and cause top plate integrally to lose
, there is the roof completely failing phenomenon of top plate, if level pillar produces extensive bulk settling under the action of shock loading, will make in weighing apparatus
It can not be recycled into ore pillar, cause resource largely to waste.
Mineral resources are non-renewable resources, and treasure limited mineral resources has extremely for Chinese national economy development
Important meaning.The waste of resource, is not only the root for causing resource problem, and produces other crises, as economy, environment and
One of most important reason of the problems such as stablizing.Therefore, if can propose it is a kind of be capable of safety recovery levels ore pillar method and its
Into line structure, bargh can be instructed under conditions of Stope safty is ensured, to greatest extent recovery levels ore pillar, reduce resource
Waste, so as to improve Business Economic Benefit.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of STOPE STABILITY is good, recycling is safe and reliable, the ore pillar rate of recovery is high
Level pillar recovery method under more stage casings while exploitation pattern, the second purpose are to provide a kind of route knot for realizing the first purpose
Structure.
What the first object of the present invention was realized in：Filled including top plate preparation, preparation layers back production filling, first floor back production
Fill out, normal back production filling step, specifically include：
A, top plate preparation：At the top in each stage casing of level pillar according to one or two horizontal slice of rectangle route allwork, so
False attic is formed using concrete or common consolidated fill afterwards；
B, preparation layers back production fills：Using above-mentioned false attic as top plate, decline the half of hexagon route height, then according to six
Lower half inverted trapezoidal structure route back production by the way of one stop panel of side shape route, after back production to inverted trapezoidal route into
Row consolidated fill forms preparation layers；
C, first floor back production fills：Decline the half of hexagon route height from above-mentioned preparation layers, in the adjacent inverted trapezoidal of preparation layers
Hexagon route is pressed between structure route, is put back into the wide half cloth for adding the sum of road bottom width of route waist at a distance of hexagon route
Route is adopted, carrying out consolidated fill to hexagon route after back production forms first floor filling layer；
D, normal back production filling：Decline hexagon route height from a upper layering for above-mentioned first floor filling layer or normal filling layer
Half, presses hexagon route, with phase between the adjacent hexagons route of a upper layering for first floor filling layer or normal filling layer
The wide half arrangement extracting drift for adding the sum of road bottom width of route waist away from hexagon route, to hexagon route after back production
Carry out consolidated fill and form normal filling layer.
What the second object of the present invention was realized in：Including false attic, preparation layers, first floor filling layer, normal filling layer,
Level pillar, the false attic are arranged at the top layer in each stage casing of level pillar, and the preparation layers are into the lower half of hexagon route
Inverted trapezoidal structure equi-spaced apart is arranged at the bottom of false attic, and the hexagon route top of the first floor filling layer is arranged at preparation
Between the adjacent inverted trapezoidal structure route of layer, the normal filling layer is made of multiple hexagon back production charge stratifyings, it is described just
The top of the hexagon route of each layering of normal filling layer is arranged at the normal filling layer phase of first floor filling layer or a upper layering
Between adjacent hexagon route.
The present invention carries out allwork at the top of level pillar with conventional rectangular route and concrete or common cementing filling,
So as to form false attic, safety supports are formed for preparation layers back production below and follow-up first floor filling layer back production；By in vacation
Top layer lower part into between-line spacing back production and is filled with the lower half inverted trapezoidal structure of hexagon route, for the six of follow-up normal filling layer
Side shape drift stoping lays shape basis.Follow-up hexagon route employs bionics principle, and in the mined out route of hexagon
Interior cemented fill, so that cellular mosaic texture is formed at false attic lower part, to ensure that route two helps protolith to be filled with higher slice
Body is filled out in being in close contact, from may be not present connect top whether the problem of, the stress on the false top of single route can be changed, forming top pressure has
Transferring structure is imitated, is provided a supporting role for top horizontal ore pillar, is improved the stability of stope, efficiently controlled crustal stress,
It can ensure that level pillar exploitation process is stablized, and can safe retrieving level pillar resource.Proved by simulating, of the invention six
Side shape drift stoping consolidated fill improves the stability of stope, has efficiently controlled crustal stress, while reduce stowing operation
The requirement on middle docking top, in recovery process can suppression level ore pillar generation.Of the invention and rectangle route two of the prior art
Compared under stage casing to exploitation at the same time, when being exploited using rectangle route, generally when two stage casing ore body vertical thickness are reduced to 20m,
Maximum and minimum principal stress difference reaches maximum, and level pillar destroys, and uses the exploitation of hexagon route, when two stage casing ore deposits
When body vertical thickness is only 7.5m, stress difference reaches maximum, and level pillar destroys.In addition, no matter plastic zone volume also
It is plastic zone volume in the ratio shared by whole ore pillar, is moulded in whole recovery process inside the level pillar of rectangle route scheme
Property area volume is much larger than hexagon route scheme all the time.Therefore, hexagon route of the invention exploitation is exploited compared to rectangle route
Level pillar stability it is more preferable, the rate of recovery higher of level pillar.Therefore, the present invention have STOPE STABILITY it is good, recycling peace
The characteristics of complete reliable, the ore pillar rate of recovery is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is route structural plan of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is to horizontal slice rectangle route layout drawing under experimental example；
Fig. 3 is to horizontal slice hexagon route layout drawing under experimental example；
Fig. 4 is experimental example monitoring point layout drawing；
Fig. 5 is 1 stress difference change curve of experimental example monitoring point；
Fig. 6 is 2 stress difference change curve of experimental example monitoring point；
Fig. 7 is 3 stress difference change curve of experimental example monitoring point；
Fig. 8 is 4 stress difference change curve of experimental example monitoring point；
Fig. 9 is experimental example ore pillar plastic zone volume change curve map；
Figure 10 accounts for ore pillar proportional curve figure for experimental example plastic zone；
In figure：1- false attics, 2- preparation layers, 3- hexagon first floor filling layers, the normal filling layer of 4- hexagons, 5- level pillars,
6- hexagons fill route, 61- obturations, the mined out layers of 62-, the mined out filled layers of 7-, 8- Vertical pillars, 9- protoliths.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not subject in any way
Limitation, based on present invention teach that any changes and modifications made, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, level pillar recovery method under more stage casings of the present invention while exploitation pattern, including top plate preparation,
Preparation layers back production filling, first floor back production filling, normal back production filling step, specifically include：
A, top plate preparation：At the top in each stage casing of level pillar according to one or two horizontal slice of rectangle route allwork, so
False attic is formed using concrete or common consolidated fill afterwards；
B, preparation layers back production fills：Using above-mentioned false attic as top plate, decline the half of hexagon route height, then according to six
Lower half inverted trapezoidal structure route back production by the way of one stop panel of side shape route, after back production to inverted trapezoidal route into
Row consolidated fill forms preparation layers；
C, first floor back production fills：Decline the half of hexagon route height from above-mentioned preparation layers, in the adjacent inverted trapezoidal of preparation layers
Hexagon route is pressed between structure route, is put back into the wide half cloth for adding the sum of road bottom width of route waist at a distance of hexagon route
Route is adopted, carrying out consolidated fill to hexagon route after back production forms first floor filling layer；
D, normal back production filling：Decline hexagon route height from a upper layering for above-mentioned first floor filling layer or normal filling layer
Half, presses hexagon route, with phase between the adjacent hexagons route of a upper layering for first floor filling layer or normal filling layer
The wide half arrangement extracting drift for adding the sum of road bottom width of route waist away from hexagon route, to hexagon route after back production
Carry out consolidated fill and form normal filling layer.
The step A is using high one layering of route square allwork or low two points of route rectangle allwork
Layer, described low two layerings of route rectangle allwork are used and sealed one by one to horizontal slice back production and higher slice route using lower
Consolidated fill after mouthful.
High route is square in the step A or low route rectangle back production by the way of one stop panel or two stop panel,
The thickness of the false attic is 4~6m.
The bottom of hexagon route is formed using concrete filling in inverted trapezoidal route and/or C, D step in the step B
Local false attic, is then carrying out normal consolidated fill on local false attic.
Consolidated fill is carried out to away from 0.5~1.5m of top, shape to hexagon route after back production in C the or D steps
Into the obturation layer of lower part and the mined out layer at top.
The route height of hexagon route in B, C and/or D step：The ratio between route bottom width is 1.25~1.75：1 and
Route waist is wide：The ratio between route bottom width is 1~1.25：1.
In B, C and/or D step the route of hexagon extracting drift highly for 4~6m, route bottom width be 3~4m, into
Road waist width is 5~6m.
As shown in Figure 1, more stage casings of the present invention at the same time under exploitation pattern level pillar recovery method into line structure, bag
False attic 1, preparation layers 2, first floor filling layer 3, normal filling layer 4, level pillar 5 are included, the false attic 1 is arranged at level pillar
The top layer in 5 each stage casings, the lower half inverted trapezoidal structure equi-spaced apart of the preparation layers 2 into hexagon route are arranged at false attic 1
Bottom, the hexagon route top of the first floor filling layer 3 is arranged between the adjacent inverted trapezoidal structure route of preparation layers 2,
The normal filling layer 4 is made of multiple hexagon back production charge stratifyings, the hexagon of each layering of the normal filling layer 4
The top of route is arranged between first floor filling layer 3 or the 4 adjacent hexagons route of normal filling layer of a upper layering.
The false attic 1 is included multiple Rectangle filling routes 5 and is formed by a layering or at least two layerings and often layering,
The thickness of the false attic 1 is 4~6m.
The inverted trapezoidal structure route and/or first floor filling layer 3 of the preparation layers 2, the hexagon route bag of normal filling layer 4
Include the false top of concrete filling and the obturation on top of bottom.
Each layering of the first floor filling layer 3 and/or normal filling layer 4 is made of multiple hexagon routes 6, and described six
Side shape route 6 includes the obturation 61 of middle and lower part and the mined out layer 62 at top.
The height of the mined out layer 62 is 0.5~1.5m.
The route height of multiple hexagon routes 6 of the first floor filling layer 3 and/or normal filling layer 4：Route bottom width it
Than for 1.25~1.75：1 and route waist it is wide：The ratio between route bottom width is 1~1.25：1.
The route of the hexagon route 6 is highly 4~6m, route bottom width is 3~4m, route waist width is 5~6m.
Experimental example 1
1st, it is lower to horizontal slice rectangle route type cemented filling method numerical simulation
（1）Geometrical model is established（Rectangle is into the 3m that has a lot of social connections, high 3m）
Model regional choice：Using FLAC 3D softwares carry out numerical analysis research, according to the problem of study with certain lead zinc
Ore deposit status of mining activities, have chosen the following absolute altitude 680m depth of certain mine earth's surface to 760m sections of ore bodies conducts and researchs and analyses object,
72 ° of the slanting angle of ore body, along orebody trend on take 40m, vertical orebody trend direction takes 50m to establish model.Ore body top and all around
Rock takes 3 times of ore body sizes, and bottom country rock takes 100m.Numerical model is cuboid（350m×280m×420m）, ore body is trapped among
Middle part.
Model boundary and failure criteria：Model surrounding and bottom use displacement constraint（Fix）, top uses free margins
Boundary, -9.81m/s is arranged to by acceleration of gravity2.The destruction of ore-rock and obturation is mainly shown as that elastoplasticity is destroyed, and surrender is accurate
Then use Mohr-Column criterion.
Route is arranged：Rectangle route odd-level arranges that the vertical orebody trend of even level is arranged along orebody trend direction,
760m to 720m arranges 720 stage casings, and 720m to 680m arranges 680 stage casings, and 720 stage casings and 680 stage casings are exploited at the same time.
Establish FLAC 3D finite difference calculus geometrical models：Route layout drawing is as shown in Fig. 2, the unit number of geometrical model
（zone）For 2605066, number of nodes（gridpoints）For 2684352.
Excavation step
Rectangle route is vertical or along orebody trend interlaced arrangement, simulates the route being often layered in calculating process and uses one stop panel
Mining type, i.e.,：The 11 phase route of layering in 720 stage casings and 680 stage casings is first excavated, carries out the 1 phase route of layering of filling 1 afterwards,
Then 2 phase of 1 layering route is excavated again, then fills 12 phase routes of layering.
（2）Model parameter is chosen
Ore-rock parameter assignment
The ore-rock body physical and mechanical parameter that this simulation uses in calculating is shown in Table 1.
1 ore-rock parameter assignment of table
Stress of primary rock assignment
This calculates crustal stress assignment and is shown in Table 2.
2 model of table assigns stress value table
| It is corresponding horizontal | σX（MPa） | σY（MPa） | σv（MPa） |
| 1000m is horizontal | -1.7737 | -1.0287 | -1.12 |
| 580m is horizontal | -20.398 | -11.831 | -12.88 |
（3）Simulate original state analysis
After the completion of rock mechanics parameters and boundary condition loading, crustal stress states of the mine before exploitation are obtained.Initially should
After the field of force reaches balance, processing is zeroed out to each modal displacement and speed, to eliminate each point in primary stress field EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS
During the displacement that produces so that initial displacement be actually consistent.Show that initial in-site stress field is actual substantially with engineering through analysis
Mutually meet, lower step excavation and filling operation can be carried out.
（4）Analog result
Rectangle route bottom width 3m, high 3m.When 5 separate zone productions work is completed, the vertical thickness of ore body reduces between 720,680 stage casings
To 24m, maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress are all mutated in ore body.Form the maximum principal stress collection of approximate " X " shape
Middle region, the stress of maximum principal stress concentrated area are between -17.5MPa ~ -20MPa.In addition, there is approximate " X " shape
Minimum principal stress weakened region, stress are between -2MPa ~ -3MPa.Meanwhile 720 stage casing do not excavate ore body from upper stage casing route bottom
Apart from lower stage casing Roof of access road semicircular arch plastic zone, only 4m just forms perforation region, level pillar complete shape for plate plastic zone
Into.
When level pillar thickness is reduced to 21m, the maximum principal stress concentrated area of level pillar is leaned on from 720 stage casing bottom plates
Perforation is formed at lower wall to 680 stage casing obturation tops at closely upper armor rock, stress is between -18MPa ~ -22MPa
1.3 times or so of the upper and lower armor rock maximum principal stress of same level, in addition, minimum principal stress is decreased to inside level pillar
Between 0.98MPa ~ -3MPa, and stress distribution tends to be uniform.Meanwhile level pillar plastic zone volume is uprushed, whole ore pillar occurs
Plastic zone connection region.At this time, level pillar is completely destroyed.
To horizontal slice hexagon route type cemented filling method numerical simulation under 2
（1）To horizontal cut and fill stoping numerical model under hexagon route under foundation and rectangle route the same terms.
The model selection following absolute altitude 680m depth of earth's surface is used as to 760m sections of ore bodies and researchs and analyses object, 72 ° of the slanting angle of ore body,
The vertical orebody trend of model, that is, X-direction length is 350m, is 280m along orebody trend direction, that is, Y-direction, and model Z-direction is i.e. perpendicular
Nogata is 420m to height, and model top corresponds to the horizontal absolute altitudes of mine 1000m, and least significant end corresponds to mine 580m levels.Simulation
Using two stage casings, mining type, miding level height 40m, every stage casing set 17 layerings to recovery process at the same time, and route section is hexagonal
Shape, bottom width 3m, the wide 5m of waist, height 5m, the vertical orebody trend interlaced arrangement of route, route layout drawing is as shown in figure 3, geometrical model
Unit number（zone）For 2017209, number of nodes（gridpoints）For 2073280.Route is excavated to carry out successively according to layering.
（2）" Model mohr " command definition material models, with PROPERTY command definitions are used in model assignment procedure
Ore-rock parameter in table 1, the stress parameters in table 2 are defined with order INITIAL and APPLY, geometrical model surrounding is made with bottom
Fixed with FIX orders（Displacement is 0）, free boundary is set at the top of model, and acceleration of gravity is set to -9.8m/s2, after operation program
Obtain crustal stress states of the mine before exploitation.
（3）Analog result
Hexagon route bottom width 3m, waist wide 5m, high 5m, unsupported back span 1.0m.
During the layering of exploitation 13, it is 7.5m that orebody thickness is not excavated in 720 stage casings, which,.Below 720 stage casings exploiting field, the filling of 680 stage casings
Maximum principal stress is between -14MPa ~ -18MPa inside body above ore body, the factor of stress concentration 1.5, higher than on same level
Lower wall country rock maximum principal stress 5MPa or so, minimum principal stress is 0MPa ~ -1MPa, and is evenly distributed.Plastic zone is from top to bottom only
2m or so just forms perforation region.From the point of view of stress distribution and intensity and plastic zone scope, level pillar is complete at this time
Formed.Although hexagonal systems cemented-method improves the stability of stope, efficiently controlled crustal stress, reduced at the same time
Dock the requirement on top in stowing operation, the generation of suppression level ore pillar in recovery process, still, the layering of exploitation 13 are level pillar
When having been formed, 680 stage casing routes are in high stress concentrations region, it is necessary to strengthen to ore pillar and roof and floor close to upper disk area
Monitoring, also to carry out corresponding protected working, excavate region and be in the range of plastic zone, plastic zone be faced with to
Under the possibility that penetrates through at any time, it is necessary to carry out the monitorings such as level pillar change in displacement.
During the layering of exploitation 14, level pillar thickness is only 5m.At this time, minimum principal stress is inside level pillar
0.8045MPa ~ -1MPa, tension regional extent is larger, and maximum principal stress reduces suddenly in ore pillar, stress value for -7.5MPa ~ -
15MPa.Meanwhile level pillar is formed completely through region from top to bottom, plastic zone volume accounts for the 72.7% of whole ore pillar volume,
In summary phenomenon is understood, level pillar is completely destroyed.In recovery process afterwards, rock stratum, which is likely to occur, to be caving, and is needed
Strengthen safeguarding.In whole digging process, level pillar is formed after 13 stage excavations are complete, complete after 14 stage excavations are complete
It is complete to destroy, it is proposed that after 12 stage excavations, to carry out monitoring.
3 analog result comparative analyses
In simulation process, be provided with a large amount of monitoring points, and monitoring location is set in rectangular arrangement and hexagon scheme model
It is identical.In order to analyze influence of the stope structure to level pillar, monitored herein by each scheme level pillar inside 4 is counted
Point data（Fig. 4）, both are compared and analyzed.
（1）Stress comparative analysis
Segmented mode exploits high-dipping ore block in this experimental example simulated dual, horizontal as ore body vertical thickness is gradually reduced between stage casing
Ore pillar is gradually formed and then destroyed.When ore pillar destroys, the part energy of its inner accumulation will be released suddenly
Put or shift, stress has the trend of reduction afterwards.When due to stope structure being rectangular cross section, level pillar is in 20m or so
To destruction, when being exploited using hexagonal systems formula, ore pillar thickness is 5m or so when level pillar destroys, so in stress analysis
Cheng Zhong, the more each scheme ore pillar thickness of emphasis are 5m ~ 30m stages maximum principal stress and the size of the difference of minimum principal stress.
1 date comprision of monitoring point
The change curve that the maximum and minimum principal stress difference of two scheme monitoring points 1 reduces with ore body vertical thickness between two stage casings, is shown in
Fig. 5.
In whole digging process, stress difference differs larger between rectangle route scheme and hexagon route scheme, when two
When ore body vertical thickness is more than 17m between stage casing, the maximum principal stress of rectangle route scheme and the difference of minimum principal stress are big
In hexagon route scheme, after ore pillar thickness is less than 24m, rectangle route scheme maximum and minimum principal stress difference persistently reduces.Six
The maximum and minimum principal stress difference of side shape route scheme first increases, when level pillar thickness is changed into 8m or so, maximum principal stress
Rapidly reduce with the difference of minimum principal stress.
2 date comprision of monitoring point
The change curve that the maximum and minimum principal stress difference of each scheme monitoring point 2 reduces with ore body vertical thickness between two stage casings,
See Fig. 6.
In whole digging process, stress difference differs larger between rectangle route scheme and hexagon route scheme, when two
When ore body vertical thickness is more than 15m between stage casing, the maximum principal stress of rectangle route scheme and the difference of minimum principal stress are big
In hexagon route scheme, when ore pillar thickness is less than 17m, rectangle route scheme maximum and minimum principal stress difference persistently reduces.Six
The maximum and minimum principal stress difference of side shape route scheme first increases, when level pillar thickness is changed into 9m or so, maximum principal stress
Rapidly reduce with the difference of minimum principal stress.
3 date comprision of monitoring point
The change curve that the maximum and minimum principal stress difference of each scheme monitoring point 3 reduces with ore body vertical thickness between two stage casings,
See Fig. 7.
When ore body vertical thickness is more than 16m between two stage casings, rectangular arrangement maximum and minimum principal stress difference is more than six sides
Each scheme of shape, when ore pillar thickness is less than 20m, rectangle route scheme maximum and minimum principal stress difference persistently reduces.Hexagon route
The maximum principal stress of scheme first increases, after level pillar thickness is changed into 9m, the difference of maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress
Rapidly reduce.
4 date comprision of monitoring point
The change curve that the maximum and minimum principal stress difference of each scheme monitoring point 4 reduces with ore body vertical thickness between two stage casings,
See Fig. 8.
In whole digging process, stress differs larger between rectangle route scheme and hexagon route scheme, when two stage casings
Between ore body vertical thickness when being more than 17m, rectangular arrangement maximum and minimum principal stress difference is more than each scheme of hexagon, works as ore pillar
Thickness is less than 24m, and rectangle route scheme maximum and minimum principal stress difference persistently reduces.Hexagon route scheme maximum principal stress
First increase, after level pillar thickness is changed into 12m, the difference of maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress rapidly reduces.
With reference to the monitoring data of above-mentioned 4 monitoring points, pass through the maximum principal stress and the difference of minimum principal stress to two schemes
Value, which compares and analyzes, to be understood, is excavated with stowing operation, no matter is filled using lower to horizontal slice rectangle route type whole
Mining codes still using lower to the horizontal slice hexagon route type method of mining by the way of filling, maximum inside level pillar, it is minimum it is main should
Force difference value（）Equal first increases and then decreases, still, when being exploited using rectangle route, generally when two stage casing ore body vertical thickness are reduced to
During 20m, maximum and minimum principal stress difference reaches maximum, and level pillar destroys, and is exploited using hexagon route, in two
When section ore body vertical thickness is only 7.5m, stress difference reaches maximum, and level pillar destroys.
（2）Plastic zone comparative analysis
When the stress in ore pillar and country rock is less than their yield limit, then elastic stage is in all the time, in this case, stablize
Property it is preferable, still, be larger than itself yield stress when acting on the stress on them, ore pillar and country rock will be made to enter modeling
Character state, country rock and ore pillar in mecystasis are no longer stablized, and in recovery process, the plastic zone scope of generation is smaller more
It is good.The stability of this simulation selective analysis level pillar, therefore, has counted each scheme level pillar formation and destructive process
The change curve and plastic zone volume of middle plastic zone volume account for ore pillar cumulative volume proportional curve, see Fig. 9 and Figure 10.
Plastic zone volume and plastic zone account for ore pillar ratio and increase with cutting depth inside two scheme level pillar of comparative analysis
Change curve, draw the following conclusions：No matter plastic zone volume or plastic zone volume are in the ratio shared by whole ore pillar, whole
Plastic zone volume is much larger than hexagon route scheme all the time inside the level pillar of rectangle route scheme in a recovery process.
（3）Brief summary
Change with reference to two scheme level pillar internal stress of comparative analysis and plastic zone, when being formed and destroyed with reference to level pillar
Between, it was therefore concluded that：Using lower recovery levels ore pillar that can be safe to horizontal slice hexagon route type Cut-and-fill Mining Technology.
Claims (10)
1. level pillar recovery method under a kind of more stage casings while exploitation pattern, it is characterised in that including top plate preparation, preparation layers
Back production filling, first floor back production filling, normal back production filling step, specifically include：
A, top plate preparation：At the top in each stage casing of level pillar according to one or two horizontal slice of rectangle route allwork, so
False attic is formed using concrete or common consolidated fill afterwards；
B, preparation layers back production fills：Using above-mentioned false attic as top plate, decline the half of hexagon route height, then according to six
Lower half inverted trapezoidal structure route back production by the way of one stop panel of side shape route, after back production to inverted trapezoidal route into
Row consolidated fill forms preparation layers；
C, first floor back production fills：Decline the half of hexagon route height from above-mentioned preparation layers, in the adjacent inverted trapezoidal of preparation layers
Hexagon route is pressed between structure route, is put back into the wide half cloth for adding the sum of road bottom width of route waist at a distance of hexagon route
Route is adopted, carrying out consolidated fill to hexagon route after back production forms first floor filling layer；
D, normal back production filling：Decline hexagon route height from a upper layering for above-mentioned first floor filling layer or normal filling layer
Half, presses hexagon route, with phase between the adjacent hexagons route of a upper layering for first floor filling layer or normal filling layer
The wide half arrangement extracting drift for adding the sum of road bottom width of route waist away from hexagon route, to hexagon route after back production
Carry out consolidated fill and form normal filling layer.
2. more stage casings level pillar recovery method under exploitation pattern at the same time according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the A steps
Suddenly using two layerings of high one layering of route square allwork or low route rectangle allwork, the low route rectangle
Two layerings of allwork use consolidated fill after sealing one by one using lower to horizontal slice back production and higher slice route.
3. more stage casings level pillar recovery method under exploitation pattern at the same time according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the A steps
High route is square in rapid or low route rectangle back production by the way of one stop panel or two stop panel, the thickness of the false attic
For 4~6m.
4. according to level pillar recovery method under the more stage casings of claim 1,2 or 3 at the same time exploitation pattern, it is characterised in that institute
The bottom for stating hexagon route in inverted trapezoidal route in step B and/or C, D step forms local false top using concrete filling
Layer, is then carrying out normal consolidated fill on local false attic.
5. according to level pillar recovery method under the more stage casings of claim 1,2 or 3 at the same time exploitation pattern, it is characterised in that institute
State in C or D steps and consolidated fill is carried out to away from 0.5~1.5m of top to hexagon route after back production, form filling for lower part
Fill out body layer and the mined out layer at top.
6. according to level pillar recovery method under the more stage casings of claim 1,2 or 3 at the same time exploitation pattern, it is characterised in that institute
State the route height of hexagon route in B, C and/or D step：The ratio between route bottom width is 1.25~1.75：1 and route waist it is wide：Into
The ratio between road bottom width is 1~1.25：1.
7. the route of level pillar recovery method under more stage casings described in a kind of claim 1 to 6 any one while exploitation pattern
Structure, it is characterised in that including false attic（1）, preparation layers（2）, first floor filling layer（3）, normal filling layer（4）, level pillar
（5）, the false attic（1）It is arranged at level pillar（5）The top layer in each stage casing, the preparation layers（2）Into under hexagon route
Half portion inverted trapezoidal structure equi-spaced apart is arranged at false attic（1）Bottom, the first floor filling layer（3）Hexagon route top
It is arranged at preparation layers（2）Adjacent inverted trapezoidal structure route between, the normal filling layer（4）Filled by multiple hexagon back production
Layering composition, the normal filling layer（4）The top of hexagon route of each layering be arranged at first floor filling layer（3）On or
The normal filling layer of one layering（4）Between adjacent hexagons route.
8. according to claim 7 more stage casings at the same time under exploitation pattern level pillar recovery method into line structure, its feature
It is the false attic（1）Include multiple Rectangle filling routes by a layering or at least two layerings and often layering（5）Form,
The false attic（1）Thickness be 4~6m.
9. according to claim 7 more stage casings at the same time under exploitation pattern level pillar recovery method into line structure, its feature
It is the first floor filling layer（3）And/or normal filling layer（4）Each layering by multiple hexagon routes（6）Form, it is described
Hexagon route（6）Obturation including middle and lower part（61）With the mined out layer at top（62）.
10. according to the more stage casings of claim 7,8 or 9 at the same time under exploitation pattern level pillar recovery method into line structure,
It is characterized in that the first floor filling layer（3）And/or normal filling layer（4）Multiple hexagon routes（6）Route height：Into
The ratio between road bottom width is 1.25~1.75：1 and route waist it is wide：The ratio between route bottom width is 1~1.25：1.
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| CN109577979A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-05 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | To sublevel fill-mining method under a kind of high-ground stress large size ore body |
| CN110905510A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-24 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Strip and block stoping method for horizontal ore pillar of metal ore body |
| CN111101946A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-05 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Descending open stoping subsequent filling mining method |
| CN111485883A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 昆明理工大学 | High ground stress environment low-cost mining method based on paste-multi-medium collaborative filling |
| CN111894668A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-06 | 江西理工大学 | Top and bottom column one-time recycling method for constructing temporary supporting structure by cemented filling |
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| CN110905510A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-24 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Strip and block stoping method for horizontal ore pillar of metal ore body |
| CN110905510B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-06-08 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Strip and block stoping method for horizontal ore pillar of metal ore body |
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| CN111894668B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-05-10 | 江西理工大学 | Top and bottom column one-time recycling method for constructing temporary supporting structure by cemented filling |
| CN111894668A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-06 | 江西理工大学 | Top and bottom column one-time recycling method for constructing temporary supporting structure by cemented filling |
| CN113187545A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | Downward layered and up-down staggered approach filling mining method |
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| CN113216967B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2024-01-26 | 西安科技大学 | Facing safety mining method for adjacent working surfaces under shallow-buried close-range room-pillar goaf |
| CN113803072A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-17 | 中南大学 | Thick ore body non-explosive mining method based on intelligent heading machine |
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