RU2642903C1 - Method for open-cut mining of mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the development of open-pit mining of flat seams of mineral deposits. Method includes separating the open-cast in plan into plots with the alternating them of working and temporarily non-working plots in the depth of the open-cast, drifting openings to surface along the entire length of the temporarily non-working side section and mating them with the openings to surface of the adjacent section, following development of temporarily non-working plots with a displacement of openings to surface. When open-pit mining, the upper overburden bench is processed using independent mechanic means, then the solids are transported to the mined-out space, the overburden benches that form the loading face are processed according to the transport scheme with the use of vehicles and unloading into outside dump, and the overburden benches formed by temporarily non-working plots and worked out using the non-transport scheme of work, the banks as far as they are developed, starting from the top, and by system of sliding incremental cross-overs are transported to the upper overburden benches in the direction to wash houses or buffer stores, overburden rocks of temporarily non-working plots are stored on the ground in the exhaust dass, forming an inside dump.

EFFECT: technical result is a reduction in the amount of work to deposit opening and the duration of the period preceding the beginning of actual mining, as well as minimizing the rehandling factor due to the optimal formation of the dump in the worked out overburden space.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the development of open pit mining of flat layers of mineral deposits.

A known method of dumping in the open development of mineral deposits (RF patent No. 2509891, publ. March 20, 2014), including the excavation of overburden, their transportation to the dumping site and their unloading under the slope of the dump front. Overburden rocks are unloaded and stacked in separate stacks parallel to each other, the smallest overburden rocks are unloaded onto the internal slopes of the stack, and pasty tailings are stored between them after ore dressing.

The disadvantage of this method is the reduced stability and the limited height of the heap tier due to the mixed dumping of different-strength rocks, which leads to relatively low drainage at the base of the heap and weak adhesion of its base to the underlying rocks.

The known method of integrated development of a coal field (RF patent No. 2513785, publ. 04/20/2014), including the formation of working platforms with the release of layers. When the cut reaches the mining allotment boundary in depth, an opening is carried out from the bottom of the cut - a cross-drill, which is carried out at a slight angle up to organize gravity hydrotransport of coal and with which all layers of the suite located in the marginal zone are opened. For strata scheduled for subsequent development, drifts are carried out from the kverschlag in both directions at a slight angle upwards. Gutters are laid on the basis of cross-drift and drifts to organize gravity transport of pulp.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of complexity in the development of the field, since thin and very thin formations, even with a relatively high content of valuable chemical elements, cannot be worked out in this way, since conducting opening workings in such formations requires increased labor, materials and time.

There is a method of extracting off-balance reserves in the combined development of coal seams (RF patent No. 2455488, published on July 10, 2012), including conducting open pit mining and drilling of the seam using underground coal seam mining technology. During the development of a suite of shallow-dying seams, including a coal seam with off-balance reserves, overburden is divided into ledges, and the working site of one of the ledges is placed on the soil of the seam with off-balance reserves. Then, these reserves are drilled using a complex of deep development of formations to the maximum possible depth of the chambers. Overburden and excavation of underlying workings are lagging behind drilling operations. After excavation of the working seams, the work on drilling off-balance reserves is repeated and performed cyclically until this seam is fully mined in the coal mine

The main disadvantage of this technology is that, according to the known technology, coal reserves of only one strip can be extracted along the stopped opencast mining.

A known method of extracting off-balance reserves in the development of coal seams (RF patent No. 2514252, publ. 07/27/2014), including the development of open-cast mining suites of dipping formations containing coal seam with off-balance reserves. This layer can be in a ledge at any height. The development of overburden rocks is carried out in horizontal layers after drilling and blasting operations carried out in order to loosen the rock mass to the entire height of the ledge, including a coal seam with off-balance reserves.

The main disadvantages of this technology are large losses of coal, as well as the need to break the ledge into sub-steps associated with the location of the formation with off-balance coal reserves.

There is also known a method of transportless driving a cutting trench (RF patent No. 2520234, publ. 06/26/2014), including conducting overburden operations with longitudinal overburden approaches on a transportless system with laying overburden rocks in an external dump placed on the upper platform of an open side of the quarry, when storing overburden rocks in the external dump in tiers that form along the front of the dump.

The disadvantages of the known method of driving a split trench are: increased volume of overburden by creating the slope of the bottom of the leading trench in the direction of the array; increased losses of minerals left under the overburden rock dump of the leading detachable trench formed from recoverable overburden rocks during the cutting trench; decrease in mining as a result of a significant reduction in the length of the mining front due to a significant reduction in the distance between draglines; decrease in mineral production as a result of downtime of draglines due to their interdependent work.

There is a method of open development of mineral deposits (RF patent No. 2435033, publ. 11/27/2011), adopted as a prototype, where they determine the area for potential development in the near future, depending on the magnitude of demand for products. The quarry field with the applied contours of the development stages is divided in plan into sections whose sizes provide a variation of the reserves concentrated in them within the development stage. Moreover, in each of the sections of the career field, sections of the temporarily idle side are formed with a system of opening workings in them. The location of the sections of the temporarily idle side on the quarry field sites by the height of the stage ensures the mating of openings between adjacent quarry field sections and affects the volume of rock they conserve within the development phase.

The disadvantage of the prototype considered is the fact that the work areas for working out the opened horizons after moving the ledges to a predetermined movement step inevitably transform into a temporarily inoperative position, thereby sequential alternation of conservation zones and working zones within the quarry field. Consequently, the prepared mineral reserves, which provide the necessary production capacity of the enterprise for mineral resources, are located in areas that regularly change their location in the plan. Therefore, with an uneven qualitative and spatial distribution of ore bodies, it is not always possible to ensure the necessary mining regime, and even more so the ability to manage it from the position of temporary intensification of mining operations in a market economy.

The technical result is to reduce the volume of work on opening the field and the length of the period preceding the start of operational work, as well as minimizing the coefficient of over-excavation due to the optimal formation of the blade in the worked out space of the overburden.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that when developing deposits in an open way, the overburden ledge is worked out using independent means of mechanization, then the rocks are transported to the worked out space, the ledges forming the working board are worked out according to the transport scheme using vehicles and unloading into an external dump, and the ledges formed temporarily non-working sections are worked out using a non-transport scheme of work, the layers are worked out as they are opened therefore, beginning at the top, and the translational sliding system conventions are transported to the upper ledges towards the concentrator or buffer storages, overburden temporarily stored on the dummy portions to the waste reservoir soil stope forming inner blade.

The method of open development of mineral deposits is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 - profile of the collapse and the future dumping in the working space of the quarry;

FIG. 2 - distribution of overburden volumes over draglines and the primary dump formed by the passages of the 1st and 2nd ES 11.70;

FIG. 3 - the first pass of the dragline ESh 20.90. Formation of a primary dump;

FIG. 4 - second pass dragline ES 20.90, re-excavation with two points of discharge. Formation of the final position of the dump entry;

FIG. 5 - development of mining ledges by hydraulic excavators;

FIG. 6 - development of inter-sections with dragline ES 11.70 from a point of standing on a dump,

Where:

1 - dumping in the final position;

2 - a group of coal seams;

3 - ledge of a natogel overburden;

4 - the collapse of the blasted rock mass;

5 - previous dumping;

6 - rock re-laying by penetrations of draglines No. 1 and No. 2;

7 - the total cross-sectional area of the collapse;

8 - re-laying of the rock with the first pass of the dragline ЭШ-20.90;

9 - drainage rebelled ditch;

10 - cross-sectional area for calculating the volume of over-excavation;

11 - work platform ES 20.90;

12 - end position of a new dump entry;

13 - angle of stable standing of the blade.

The method of open development of mineral deposits, including a development system with multiple transshipment of rocks into internal dumps, is as follows.

A combined development system was adopted at the section: the upper overburden ledge is worked out using mechanical shovels, rocks are transported by rail to the worked out space of the section of the same group of quarries that completed mining; the next few benches are worked out according to the transport scheme with the use of vehicles and unloading into an external dump, the last arched ledge of rock overburden is worked out using a non-transport work scheme. Having the accepted entry width and the given coal mine quarry productivity, the required length of the work front is calculated, which will provide the necessary production volume. Based on the obtained length of the front of work and the area of the overburden ledge, we obtain in full the annual volume of stripping that is necessary for opening the coal. The obtained overburden quarry productivity must be divided by the annual dragline productivity and taking into account the inventory coefficient. The resulting number of draglines will be sufficient to provide the required overburden quarry performance. If coal seams occur at depths greater than the height of the overburden ledge of the dragline, it is advisable to use a transport scheme on the upper overburden ledges. Determine the height of the ledge worked out according to the non-transport scheme, subject to the maximum use of dragline parameters. This requires a number of constructions: from the soil of the lower stratum of minerals at an angle of steady slope, a mining ledge is outlined; a safety berm is rebuilt from the upper edge of the ledge; at an angle of steady slope of the overburden ledge, a slope is formed, while the height of the ledge is taken equal to the depth of the dragline - N _deep. , m; taking into account the parameters of the used dragline, the width of the run is determined - A, m; from the lower edge of the production ledge, at an angle of stable standing of the loosened overburden, the slope of the lower tier of the dumping entry is rebuilt to reach a height equal to the maximum depth of the dragline, the horizontal surface of the roof of the tier is formed; departing from the upper edge of the lower tier a safe distance according to the conditions of the dragline (ESh-11.70 - 12 m, ESh-20.90 - 15 m), the position of the axis of the last passage of the dragline is determined. From it at a height equal to the maximum discharge height of the dragline, and at a distance from the axis equal to the maximum discharge radius, a cone of the upper tier of the dump is formed with angles at the base equal to the angles of stable standing of the loosened overburden; a beam is rebuilt from the bottom edge of the production ledge under the resulting angle of stable standing of the blade to the intersection with the axis of the cone of the upper tier, which must be lowered to the point of intersection with the beam; we postpone the previous dumping entry, duplicating the contour of the obtained tiers by the value of the entry width A along the soil of the lower coal seam towards the worked out space; having a current and previous contours stope, define area moldboard stope sectional dividing by a factor which loosening overburden obtain moldboard stope area in the rear sight - S _purposes. According to the adopted width of the dragline A insertion and the obtained cross-sectional area of the overburden entry in the whole, the height of the overburden ledge is determined

After obtaining the height of the ledge worked out by the dragline, a check should be carried out on the conformity of its annual productivity to the required volumes of stripping rock overburden. To do this, calculate the volume of overburden ledge, mined by dragline, extracted per year for opening a coal seam

The obtained value should be divided by the annual dragline productivity and, if the quotient from the division exceeds 1, additional extraction units are introduced.

Having the area of the dumping entry, we rebuild the contour of the overburden ledge collapse (Fig. 1), the dumping entry in the final position 1, a group of coal seams 2, the ledge of the overburden overburden 3, the collapse of the blasted rock mass 4.

Having received the profile of the dumping land and the parameters of the mined space based on the operating parameters of the dragline, we carry out sequential re-laying of the rocks until the blade reaches the final contours (Fig. 2-4), the previous dumping 5, re-laying of the rock with penetrations of draglines No. 1 and No. 2 6, the total area collapse sections 7, rock re-laying with the first pass of dragline ESh-20.90 8, rebated drainage ditch 9, cross-sectional area for calculating re-excavation volumes 10, ESh working platform 20.90 11, end position of a new dump Odki 12, angle of stable standing of the blade 13.

Next, the overaccavation coefficient is calculated by calculating the ratio of the volumes of rocks re-laid several times before reaching the final contours of the dumping blade to the total volume of the dumping blade or to the volume of rock mass collapse, because these values are equal (the coefficient of residual loosening of rocks during re-laying of blasted rock mass during dragline operation is not taken into account). In these mining and geological conditions, the overexcavation coefficient was 0.4.

As the autopsy is performed, the seams are worked out sequentially, starting from the upper one, and are transported by dump trucks to the upper ledges in the direction of the processing plant or buffer depots through the system of sliding progressive exits, and overburden interstratic rocks are transported and stored on the soil of the seam in their own worked-out setting, forming an internal transport bulldozer oval up to 10 m high, thus shortening the distance of transportation of overburden interdimensional rocks. When using such a technology, it is necessary to take into account the change in the volumes of the mined-out space taking into account filling it with a ten-meter transport dump: in the scheme of the dragline in the mined-out space between the slope of the mining ledge and the slope of the lower tier of the previous sunset, form a ten-meter layer of the transport dump and draw the collapse of the blown overburden over this layer ( Fig. 5).

With a large thickness of overburden interbursts, it is advisable to mine them with a dragline from the point of standing on the dump, FIG. 6.

This technology was used for the geological conditions of Section No. 4 of the Izykhsky coal deposit in the Krasnoyarsk region of the Russian Federation, the mine is being mined by a group of quarries.

The field is represented by a group of strata with a thickness of up to 5.8 m (the angle of inclination of the strata from north to south is from 7 ° to 9 °, with interplans - up to 4.7 m), a fall from east to west. The design annual production capacity is 2 million tons / year. Covering rocks consist mainly of argelite and limestone, with a thickness of 44 m at the beginning of development to 111 m at the end of mining.

Claims (1)

A method for open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including dividing a quarry in a plan into sections with alternating working and temporarily non-working sections along the depth of the quarry, driving openings along the entire length of the temporarily idle side section and pairing them with openings of the adjacent section, subsequent mining of temporarily non-working sections with a displacement of the openings, characterized in that when mining opencast deposits, the upper overburden is worked out by of independent mechanization means, then the rocks are transported to the worked out space, the ledges forming the working board are worked out according to the transport scheme using vehicles and unloaded into an external dump, and the ledges formed by temporarily non-working sections are worked out using a transport-free working scheme, layers during autopsy, they are worked out sequentially, starting from the top, and are transported along the system of sliding progressive exits to the upper steps in the direction of the fire itelnoy factory warehouses or buffer, overburden temporarily non-working areas are stored in the footwall to the waste stope, forming the inner blade.

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