RU2204720C2 - Method of opencast mining of mineral deposits and excavator-hopper transfer point for method embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry; applicable in opencast mining of coal flat-dipping and inclined deposits with use of combined automobile-railway transport. SUBSTANCE: method includes working of group of upper benches of opencast with loading of overburden rocks into railway transport facilities and their subsequent transportation from opencast to dump; working of group of lower benches of opencast with locating of overburden rocks into dump trucks and delivery to transfer points constructed on opencast nonmining flank on temporary pillars of opencast working flank with subsequent loading of rock at transfer points into railway facilities and transportation to dump, being zone of use of combined transports; stage by stage development of mining operations in opencast with transfer of intraopencast transfer points, increased depth of railway transport introduction into opencast and accomplishing of stages with use of above described technology. Excavator-hopper transfer pointed includes unloading platform for dump trucks with dump and reserve sections, receiving vessel, excavator platform with dragline excavator on it and loading platform with hopper and railway track. Transfer point is made in the form of hoisting and transfer of overburden rocks in which unloading platform is located on horizon of unloading of dump trucks located in lower part of zone of use of combined transport, and excavator platform is located on end flank of opencast above said horizon at height determined by adopted relationship. Invention makes it possible to increase annual volume of transferred overburden rocks on excavator-hopper-transfer point improve operating conditions of automobile transport and to increase its efficiency and efficiency of locomotives. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in open pit mining of coal dipping and inclined deposits using combined road and rail transport, and its individual solutions can be used in ore and steeply dipping coal deposits.

 A known method of mining the lower ledges of the quarry using technological schemes with a basement of overburden (Potapov MG, Istomin V.V. Improving the schemes of combined road and rail transport. "Mountain Journal", 1994, 10, M., p.23- 26). In this method, the excavator simultaneously with the working out of the working ledge for railway transport also carries out the overloading of overburden rocks brought to it by dump trucks. As excavation equipment, dragline excavators or mechanical excavators are used, and for unloading dump trucks, working platforms of worked out and overlying ledges are used.

 In this method, it is necessary to distinguish between two groups of schemes with a basement of overburden rocks having a fundamental technological difference.

 In the schemes of the first group, dump trucks are unloaded at the escarpment of the ledge or at its base, storing overburden within the limits of the worked out mine along the front of mining. These reserves of overburden in the explosion of a new entry serve as a retaining wall and are worked out for railway transport along with overburden of this entry.

 In the schemes of the second group, dump trucks are unloaded to the slope of the rock collapse or at its base, storing overburden in bulk along the front of the mining operations to the excavator face. As excavations are worked out by an excavator, overburden rocks removed from the collapse and brought by dump trucks are loaded into railway vehicles.

 In these groups of schemes, a dragline excavator is installed on the overburden rock collapse and, moving in a retreat, it works off this collapse with lower scooping and loads the overburden rock rocks and brought by dump trucks into vehicles placed on an overlying horizon.

 Excavator-mechlopat is used only in the first group of schemes. They install it on the basis of the worked-out ledge and, moving in the advancing course, he completes the approach and loads all overburden rocks into means of transport located on the horizon of his standing.

The disadvantages of this method of mining ledges for combined transport when applying schemes with a basement overburden should include the following:
- a small amount of overloaded overburden (up to 1.0-1.2 million m ³ / year) at one concentration horizon. This leads to a significant increase in the number of concentration horizons, and, consequently, to an increase in the intersections of technological communications of automobile and railway transport, with large planned volumes of overburden worked out for combined transport, which greatly complicates the organization of transport work, road and track work in the working career zone;
- a decrease in the intensity of the front movement of mining operations on the concentration horizon due to the use of an excavator in time for mining a ledge to 50-85% and overloading overburden rocks brought to it from other ledges to 15-50%;
- the impossibility of using excavators with a large bucket capacity in these schemes due to the rigid dependence of the specific capacity E _{ke of the} excavator bucket on the specific capacity E _cd of the dump truck body (for productive operation of the excavator, the condition E _ke <E _cd must be observed). Dumpcars produced by car-building plants with a loading capacity of 60 - 145 m (with a specific body capacity of up to E _cd = 4.2 m ³ / m) are designed to work with excavators with a bucket of up to 12.5 m ³ (with a specific bucket capacity of up to E _ke = 4 , 0 m ³ / m);
- reduced productivity of the excavator due to an increase in the time for the exchange of loaded locomotives for empty ones due to the absence of an exchange point on the concentration horizon and its placement outside the open pit working zone;
- a decrease in the performance of locomotive trains due to an increase in the duration of the voyage due to their movement along mobile tracks to an excavator transshipment point;
- an increase in the length of railway tracks due to mobile tracks on the concentration horizon;
- the need to carry out additional volumes of mining preparatory work to separate the open pit of the quarry (or to work out ledges with a narrow approach with underutilization of the linear parameters of the excavator) to accommodate the turning areas of dump trucks, ensuring independent operation of equipment on adjacent ledges when using the second group of technological schemes with overburden bedding;
- the inevitable intersection of roads with railways when using 1-2 excavators-mechanical shafts on a concentration horizon;
- rock spillage and an increase in the excavation cycle with the direct loading of overburden in dumpcars with a dragline excavator due to the flexible suspension of the bucket on the ropes;
- a decrease in the intensity of the front movement of mining operations on the concentration horizon at a height of the worked ledge close to the maximum depth of digging of a dragline excavator.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the method of open-pit mining of deposits widely used in ore mines using combined road and rail transport (Vasiliev M.V. Combined transport in open-cast mines. M., Nedra, 1975, pp. 16 - 19, 32 - 33, 39 - 40, 48 - 53, 156 - 167, 267 - 284). In this method, the mining of the upper ledges of the quarry is carried out by excavators with loading of overburden into railway vehicles and their subsequent removal from the quarry to an external dump. This part of the open pit of the quarry is known as the railway application area. The mining of the lower ledges of the quarry is carried out by excavators with loading of overburden into dump trucks and their delivery to the internal quarry excavator, trestle and combined transshipment points constructed on the idle side or temporarily mothballed working side of the quarry. Then, overburden at these transfer points is loaded into railway means and transported from the quarry to external dumps. This part of the open pit area of the quarry is known as the combined-rail transport area. Phased mining of the quarry is carried out using this technology, and, as mining operations develop and conditions are created to increase the depth of entry into the quarry of railway transport, they transfer transfer points and begin a new stage of mining the quarry to the depth set for this type of combined transport.

The disadvantages of this method are:
- an increase in the distance of transportation by dump trucks when moving them up to transshipment points located on the concentration horizon due to:
- the complexity or inability to enter the quarry of railway transport to deep horizons, which limits the depth of the area of application of combined road and rail transport;
- more than twice the intensity of the decrease in mining operations with motor vehicles in comparison with railway transport. In practice, this positive property of motor vehicles has grown into the opposite - a gap has been created in depth of the open pit working zone between rail and road transport, which in ore open pits has reached about 50-150 m with an increase in the distance of transportation by dump trucks to 2.1-3.4 km at an optimal distance equal to 0.5-1.5 km;
- low throughput capacity of excavator transshipment points, which are most widely used in quarries, and their large size in terms of, which limits the possibility of expanding the scope of combined road and rail transport due to the inability to place a large number of transshipment points in cramped conditions of deep quarries.

 Known excavator-bunker transshipment point (MG Potapov, AI Komrakov. Bunker train for transshipment points of deep quarries // Development of deep horizons of quarries; Materials of the III All-Union Scientific and Technical Meeting, Dnepropetrovsk, 1977 / Kiev, 1977, “Naukova Dumka”, p. 98-100), in which the rock is loaded into locomotive trains using a hopper train.

 The hopper train is made up of interlocked sections, each of which is a hopper mounted on a portal type support and a trolley with propulsion engines. The hopper train moves along a special rail track (track width 4740 mm) laid on the loading dock of the transfer point. The bottom of each bunker section is made in the form of two wings opening and closing with the help of four hydraulic cylinders mounted on the supports of the bunkers. The capacities of the bunker sections correspond to the capacity of dump cars, and their number in the train corresponds to the number of cars in a train filed for loading.

 Loading locomotives at a transshipment point with a hopper-train is as follows. An excavator at the transfer point loads each bunker section with rock in turn. After filling the next section, the hopper-train moves to the length of one section, stops, and the excavator loads the next section. Thus, the entire hopper train is loaded sequentially. After filling the bunker-train with rock, an empty train is fed, which en route under the bunker along the path (1524 mm gauge) so that each dumpcar is installed under a separate bunker section. With the help of an excavator, hydraulic cylinders on the bunker sections are driven, the bottom flaps open and the rock is unloaded from all bunkers at the same time and fills the dumpcars along the entire length and width.

 After unloading the rock, the bottom flaps are closed and the rock is sent to the dump, and the excavator loads the hopper train in the described manner.

The disadvantages of this transshipment point are:
- the rigid dependence of the parameters of the hopper train on the parameters of the locomotive composition makes it necessary to use the same type of locomotive trains, which in real conditions complicates the operation of such transfer stations due to the use of various types of dump cars and locomotives in the quarries;
the impossibility of using powerful dragline excavators with a bucket capacity of 15 m ³ or more due to the small (up to 4.2 m ³ / m) specific capacity of the bunker section, depending on the parameters of dump cars manufactured in our country;
the need to use a large gauge railway gauge (4740 mm), which greatly complicates the operation of this transshipment point inside the quarry due to the need to move it to a new location with the device for moving the railway gauge hopper-train of the above sizes;
significant dimensions of this transshipment point in the plan (larger in area of the excavator transshipment point), limiting the possibility of using it at deep horizons of the quarry;
the impossibility of a through passage of the locomotive under the bunker sections due to the high height of the falling pieces of rock in dumpcars and the difficulty of loading an excavated-shovel bunker section due to its high height, which determines the need to overtake the locomotive before feeding it for loading and after loading, or laying overtaking ways and devices of the exchange point for the transshipment point.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is an excavator-bunker transshipment point (see AS 1362824, E 21 C 41/00, published in BI 48, 1987), in which discharge platforms are located on the overlying ledge of the quarry with dump and reserve sites, and on the underlying ledge of the quarry there are unloading and excavation sites. The reserve section is made in the form of an open dead end profile working and is interfaced with dump sections. These sections are made on the sides of the dead end working diverging in the direction of the loading platform. When dumping the rock mass from the unloading sites, conical warehouses are formed on the slopes of the diverging sides. Shipment from warehouses is carried out by a dragline excavator installed on an excavator site, directly to railway dumpcars, or using a mobile bunker.

The disadvantages of this transshipment point should include:
- a small amount of conical warehouses located on the slope of the ledge with a capacity of 2-6 dump trucks or 11-16 buckets of a dragline excavator, clearly insufficient for the smooth operation of the equipment interacting at a transshipment point: dump trucks with a loading capacity of 40-180 tons, a dragline excavator with a bucket capacity 10-15 m ³ and locomotive trains with a loading capacity of 800-1000 tons;
- the difficulty of filling the bucket of the excavator in a real situation due to the need for the constant availability of both conical warehouses in full to ensure the necessary height of filling the bucket;
- the inability to use a dragline excavator with a bucket capacity of 20 m ³ or more at this transshipment point due to the small total capacity of the conical warehouses and the difficulty of filling the excavator bucket with rock;
- interruptions in the operation of the transshipment point during the repair of the dragline excavator, which, depending on its model, make up 20-26%;
- inefficient location of the sites of the transshipment point relative to each other, which leads either to a deterioration in the conditions for using the equipment running on them, or to underutilization of its technical capabilities:
- the placement of the unloading site above the excavation excludes the possibility of the excavator-dragline with lower scooping, at which the best performance is achieved, and the rock mass is lifted from the lower horizon, and at the same time, the distance of transportation by road and rail is reduced;
- placement of an excavator site in the lower part of the storage tank, the functions of which at this transshipment point are performed by conical warehouses located on the escarpment of the ledge, determines the operation of a dragline excavator with top scooping, which, according to regulatory data, leads to a decrease in productivity of a dragline excavator by 10-15 %;
- placement of the loading platform below the excavation excludes the possibility of an excavator-dragline with top unloading, ensuring the lifting of the rock mass to an overlying horizon, and at the same time, reducing the transportation distance by dump trucks and locomotives.

 The technical problems solved by the proposed invention are: an increase in the volume of overburden overloaded per year at an excavator-bunker transshipment point (hereinafter referred to as the transshipment point) due to the use of a dragline excavator with a large bucket capacity and an increase in the degree of its use in time at the main work, and also due to the use of dump trucks at the loading hopper during the repair of a dragline excavator; improving the operating mode of vehicles and increasing its productivity by placing the dump truck unloading horizon in the lower part of the combined transport zone; increasing the productivity of locomotive trains by reducing their loading time and transportation distance in the quarry; an increase in the volume of overloaded overburden from one installation of a transshipment point while maintaining the optimum distance for transportation of overburden by dump trucks by increasing the height of the combined transport zone with a rational location of the transshipment point relative to the boundaries of this zone and raising the overburden by an excavator dragline to the horizon of entry into the open pit of a railway transport.

где R_ч ^max - наибольший радиус черпания экскаватора-драглайна, м;
В_об - длина опорной базы экскаватора-драглайна, м;
B_б - берма безопасности, м;
δ₁ - угол откоса экскаваторного уступа, град;
Ш_я ^н - ширина приемной емкости понизу, принятая равной длине l_к ковша экскаватора-драглайна, м;
δ₂ - угол откоса борта приемной емкости со стороны заглубления в нее ковша экскаватора-драглайна, град.,
при этом на каждом крыле карьерного поля на горизонте разгрузки автосамосвалов сооружают по одной указанной приемной емкости и на торцовом борту карьера - по одному указанному перегрузочному бункеру с погрузочными путями, которые вместе с экскаватором-драглайном являются основными элементами перегрузочного пункта, а поэтапное развитие горных работ в карьере связывают с периодическим и поочередным переносом обоих перегрузочных пунктов на крыльях карьерного поля, причем с одной их установки отрабатывают один этап эксплуатации зоны применения комбинированного транспорта, высоту которой принимают равной 2Н_вп, в том числе за счет отработки уступов, расположенных выше горизонта установки перегрузочного бункера, и сохраняют постоянной в течение всего периода отработки карьера путем перевода верхнего уступа на железнодорожный транспорт во время нарезки каждого нового горизонта, перемещая тем самым горизонт разгрузки автосамосвалов с низа зоны применения комбинированного транспорта к ее середине, и, когда понижение горных работ за этап эксплуатации карьера достигнет глубины Н_вп, начинают перенос перегрузочного пункта на новое место с шагом Ш_пп, величину которого определяют из выражений:

где Ш_пп ¹ и Ш_пп ¹¹ - величина шага переноса перегрузочного пункта на крыле карьерного поля соответственно по падению и простиранию месторождения относительно его положения на начало отработки этапа эксплуатации карьера, м;
α - средний угол падения пласта полезного ископаемого на крыле карьерного поля в пределах одного эксплуатационного этапа карьера, град;
Н_у - высота уступа, м;
в_с - ширина железнодорожного съезда, м;
ω - угол устойчивого откоса уступа, град;
l_бун - расстояние от центра навала вскрышных пород перегрузочного бункера до транспортной полосы, м,
причем одновременно с переносом перегрузочного пункта осуществляют отработку породного целика от его предыдущего положения и понижение на величину Н_вп глубины ввода в карьер железнодорожного транспорта, размещая горизонт разгрузки автосамосвалов внизу зоны применения комбинированного транспорта, а горизонт установки перегрузочного бункера - на ее середине, и после выполнения этих работ начинают отработку нового этапа эксплуатации карьера.This is achieved due to the fact that in the method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits using combined transport, which includes mining a group of upper ledges of a quarry with loading overburden into railway vehicles and then transporting them from the quarry to the dump, which is an area for the use of railway transport, and mining groups of lower ledges of the quarry with loading of overburden into dump trucks and delivering them to transshipment points constructed on the non-working side of the quarry or temporarily the purpose of its working board with the subsequent loading of this rock at the transshipment points into railway vehicles and transporting them to the dump, which is the area of combined transport, the phased development of mining operations in the quarry with the transfer of intra-quarry transshipment points, increasing the depth of entry into the quarry of railway transport and mining of these stages according to the above technology, according to the technical solution, delivery of overburden from the ledges of the combined transport area to the points and Overload performed first dump directly by sliding congresses in at the bottom of this zone horizon dump discharge, where the rock is discharged into the created on this horizon receptacle and then dragline excavators scooped out and moved to the transfer hopper positioned at a height H _Bn , the value of which is determined from the expression:
H _VP = H _h ^max + H _p ^max - h _b - h _i , (1)
where H _h ^max - the maximum depth of the excavator-dragline, m;
H _p ^max - the maximum height of its discharge, m;
h _b - the height of the bulk of the overburden of the reloading hopper, m;
h _i - the depth of the receiving capacity, m,
moreover, when determining the height H _VP its value is taken equal to the total height of an integer number of ledges by varying the values of the values of h _b and h _i within:
h _b ^min ≤ h _b and h _i ^min ≤ h _i ≤ h _i ^max , (2)
where h _b ^min - the minimum height of the reloading hopper, the value of which is established from the conditions for placement of overburden in the hopper of at least two locomotives, m;
h _i ^min - the minimum depth of the receiving tank, the value of which is established from the conditions of placement of overburden in the receiving tank of at least three shifts in the operation of the dragline, m;
h _i ^max - the maximum depth of the receiving capacity, the value of which is determined from the expression:

where R _h ^max - the largest radius of the excavator-dragline, m;
In _about - the length of the support base of the dragline, m;
B _b - security berm, m;
δ ₁ - the slope of the excavator ledge, degrees;
W _I ⁿ - the width of the receiving tank at the bottom, taken equal to the length l _{to the} bucket of the excavator dragline, m;
δ ₂ - the angle of slope of the side of the receiving tank from the deepening side of the bucket of the dragline, deg.,
at the same time, on each wing of the quarry field, on the dump truck unloading horizon, one indicated receiving tank is constructed, and on the end face of the quarry, one indicated loading bunker with loading tracks, which together with the dragline excavator are the main elements of the transshipment point, and the phased development of mining operations in the quarry is associated with the periodic and sequential transfer of both transfer points on the wings of the quarry field, and from one of their installations one stage of the operation of the zone Menenius combined transport, the height of which is taken equal 2H _sn, including the expense of working off of ledges disposed above the horizon installation handling hopper, and maintained constant for the whole period of open pit by translating the upper ledge to rail during slicing of each new horizon moving thereby, the horizon of unloading dump trucks from the bottom of the combined transport zone to its middle, and when the decrease in mining during the operation phase of the quarry reaches Depth H _Bn begin transfer reloading the item at the new location with a pitch W _claims, the value of which is determined from the expressions:

where W _PP ¹ and W _PP ¹¹ - the step size of the transfer of the transshipment point on the wing of the quarry field, respectively, by the drop and strike of the field relative to its position at the beginning of the mining phase of the quarry operation, m;
α is the average angle of incidence of the mineral layer on the wing of the quarry field within one operational stage of the quarry, deg;
N _y - the height of the ledge, m;
in _with - the width of the railway exit, m;
ω is the angle of the steep slope of the ledge, degrees;
l _bun - the distance from the center of the bulk pile of overburden of the reloading hopper to the transport strip, m,
wherein simultaneously with the transfer of handling points is carried out testing of rock pillar from its previous position and decrease the amount of H _wp depth input to the quarry railway transport, placing horizon unloading dump bottom zone of the combined transport and horizon installation handling hopper - at its middle, and after of these works begin to develop a new stage in the operation of the quarry.

Significant differences of the proposed method are the following:
- Delivery of overburden from the ledges of the combined transport area to the points of transshipment first by cars directly on sliding exits to the dump truck unloading horizon located at the bottom of this zone and unloading these rocks into the receiving tank created on this horizon ensures a favorable mode of operation of road vehicles due to loaded traffic dump trucks "top-down" instead of the existing "bottom-up", which allows for the same engine power significantly ( 2-3 times) increase the carrying capacity of dump trucks and reduce (1.2-1.4 times) their flight time by increasing the speed and reducing the transportation distance along the working side of the quarry, and also allows you to increase the steering slope of the sliding ramps by 1.9 times (up to 150-200% ₀ ), which reduces the amount of mining and preparatory work for their construction and transfer.

- Excavation of overburden by an excavator-dragline from the receiving tank and moving it by an excavator-dragline to the receiving hopper (PB), located at a height of H _VP , significantly (70-80%) reduces the transportation distance by dump trucks at the site of lifting them with cargo to the PB.

- Calculation of the value of N _VP according to the above formulas 1-3 allows you to determine the height of the installation PB relative to the discharge horizon of dump trucks with the maximum use of the linear parameters of the dragline excavator.

- The presence at the junction of the automobile and excavator technological links of the receiving capacity for more than 3 shifts in the operation of the dragline created at the dump truck unloading horizon, and at the junction of the PB excavator and railway technological links located at a height of H _VP , with a capacity of more than two locomotive trains, provides continuous operation of the considered technological chain and eliminates the rigid relationship of the design parameters of the mining and transport equipment used in this chain, which eliminates downtime due to regulated interruptions in the operation of related technological links and allows the use of dragline excavators with a bucket capacity of 20 m ³ or more in any model of transport equipment.

 - The construction on each wing of the quarry field at the dump truck unloading horizon of one specified receiving tank and on the end face of the quarry at one specified storage bay with loading tracks, which, together with the dragline excavator, are the main elements of the transshipment point, allowing these points to be brought closer to the working area of the quarry and located on the front side of the stationary railway line and thereby reduce the transportation distance by both road and rail.

 - The phased development of mining operations in the quarry with the periodic and sequential transfer of both transshipment points on the wings of the quarry field allows you to have a permanent dumping front in the quarry, transporting overburden from all the ledges in the combined transport area to a working transshipment point while transferring another to a new place .

- Choosing the height of the combined transport area of application equal to 2N _VP , including by working out the benches located above the PB installation horizon, and keeping it constant during the entire period of the quarry exploitation by transferring the upper ledge to the railway during the cutting of each new horizon, thereby moving the dump truck unloading horizon from the bottom of the combined transport area to its middle, it allows to work out significant volumes of scrap from one installation of the transshipment point soft rocks (more than 100 million m ³ with a quarry length of 4 km) while maintaining the optimal transportation distance for dump trucks (1.2-1.4 km).

- Reducing mining operations during one stage of operation of a quarry to a depth of H _VP provides the necessary development of a career space to reduce the depth of entry of rail transport into the quarry by the same amount and transfer of the transshipment point to a new location.

- Calculation of the value of W _pp according to the above formulas 4-5 allows you to determine the step size of the transfer of the transshipment point by the fall of W _pp ¹ and along the strike of W _pp ^{11 of the} mineral deposit relative to its location at the beginning of the development of each stage of the quarry operation, depending on the conditions of occurrence of the deposit, dragline excavator and railway transport.

- Simultaneous execution of transfer reloading point and mining rock pillar from its previous position and decrease the amount of H _wp depth input to the quarry rail transport to the placement horizon unloading dump bottom zone of the combined transport and horizon setting transshipment points - at its middle, enables significantly reduce the interruption in the operation of the transshipment point and proceed to the development of the next stage of the quarry operation.

 It is advisable during the repair of the dragline excavator to dump the dump trucks at the transshipment point directly in the PB from the unloading site created for this purpose.

 - Direct unloading of dump trucks in the PB from an adjacent unloading site during the repair of a dragline excavator allows you to increase the volume of overburden by 30-40% overloaded at this transshipment point over the year, by increasing its operating time by 20-26% and throughput abilities by 50-55% during the operation of the PB.

It is also expedient all overburden disposed on the horizon setting PB and above it, work on the rail, thus arising due to the phase change of height zone of the combined transport from H _Bn 2 H _Bn pulsation in amounts of overburden, practiced on rail and combined transport , eliminate, by creating at the construction stage of the quarry, the advancing of one wing of the quarry field relative to another, the preliminary “corral” of the upper ledges relative to the lower them in the process of working out one stage of the quarry operation and the gradual redistribution of overburden volumes between the wings of the quarry field within one stage of the quarry operation.

- The mining of all overburden rocks located on the horizon of the PB installation and above it for rail transport allows to reduce the volume of overburden rocks mined for combined transport by 1.32 times, and the distance of transportation by dump trucks - on average by 1.1 times compared to option of working out the combined transport application zone with a constant height of 2 N _VP , which, with the same equipment fleet, provides a high rate of mining reduction while reducing overall career costs due to the approx The use of railway transport, which is a more economical mode of transport.

 - Management of the working area of the quarry by creating at the stage of the construction of the quarry an advance of one wing of the quarry field relative to another preliminary “corral” during the development of one stage of operation, upper ledges relative to the lower ones, a gradual redistribution of the volumes of overburden between the wings of the quarry field within one stage of exploitation completely eliminate the pulsation in the volumes of overburden, mined by rail and combined transport.

где L_рпл - длина разгрузочной площадки, м;
R_р ^max - наибольший радиус разгрузки экскаватора-драглайна, м;
Ш_рпл - ширина разгрузочной площадки, м,
при этом параметры бункера-ямы определяют из выражений:
длина

ширина поверху
Ш $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{п}}{\text{я}}$ = R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{ч}}$ -B_б- 0,5B_об-H_эпл•ctgδ₁,м; (9)
емкость
V_я = h_яL_я[Ш $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{п}}{\text{я}}$ -0,5h_я(ctgδ₁+ctgδ₂)],м, (10)
параметры экскаваторной площадки определяют из выражений:
длина
L_эпл = L_x+H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{ч}}$ ctgω+0,5(2в_т+H_уctgω),м, (11)
где L_х - длина хода экскаватора-драглайна, м:

в_т - ширина транспортной бермы, м;
ширина
Ш_эпл = B_б+0,5B_об+R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{p}}$ -H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{p}}$ ctgδ₃, (13)
где δ₃ - предельный минимальный угол откоса отвала при отсыпке его на уровне стояния экскаватора-драглайна, град.,
а значения вышеуказанных параметров Ш_рпл и L_рпл разгрузочной площадки - из условия
V_р ^а ≥ Q_экс ^час,
где V_р ^а - приемная способность разгрузочной площадки на отвальном участке, определяемая в зависимости от применяемых моделей автосамосвалов и схемы их маневрирования, м³/ч;
Q_экс ^час - часовая производительность применяемой модели экскаватора-драглайна, м³/ч.The solution to the technical problem is also achieved due to the fact that the excavator-bunker transshipment point, including an unloading platform for dump trucks with dump and reserve sections, a receiving tank, an excavator site with an excavator dragline and a loading platform with a hopper and railway tracks, according to the technical the solution, made in the form of a lifting and transshipment site for overburden, in which the unloading site is located on the combined of the transport horizon of dumping of dump trucks, and the excavation site - on the end face of the quarry above this horizon at a height of H _epl , determined from the expression:
H _epl = H _h ^max - h _i , m, (6)
at the same time, the loading platform with the storage unit is aligned with the input horizon into the open pit of the railway transport and is located in relation to the dump truck unloading horizon at a height of N _mp = N _VP , and the receiving tank is made in the form of a pit hopper with a trapezoidal cross section passed between the unloading platform and the ledge slope on which the excavator site is located, and along the length of the hopper pit is divided into two sections with alternating changes in their technological purpose: the excavator section for operation on it of a dragline excavator and a dump site for working dump trucks with bulldozers on it, and the bunker-pit, unloading and excavation sites are given an arcuate shape with a central angle φ determined from the expression:

where L _RPL - the length of the discharge site, m;
R _p ^max - the largest discharge radius of the dragline, m;
W _rpl - the width of the discharge platform, m,
while the parameters of the bunker-pit is determined from the expressions:
length

width on top
W $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{P}}{\text{I}}$ = R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{h}}$ -B _b - 0.5B _r -H _epl • ctgδ ₁ , m; (9)
capacity
V _i = h _i L _i [W $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{P}}{\text{I}}$ -0.5h _i (ctgδ ₁ + ctgδ ₂ )], m, (10)
parameters of the excavation site are determined from the expressions:
length
L _epl = L _x + H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{h}}$ ctgω + 0.5 (2v _t + H _y ctgω), m, (11)
where L _x - the length of the excavator dragline, m:

in _t - the width of the transport berm, m;
width
W _epl = B _b + 0.5B _rev + R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{p}}$ -H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{p}}$ ctgδ ₃ , (13)
where δ ₃ - the minimum limit slope angle of the blade when dumping it at the level of standing of the excavator-dragline, deg.,
and the values of the above parameters W _RPL and L _RPL unloading platform - from the condition
V _p ^a ≥ Q _ex ^hour ,
where V _r ^a - the receiving capacity of the unloading site on the dump site, determined depending on the used models of dump trucks and their maneuvering scheme, m ³ / h;
Q _ex ^hour - hourly productivity of the used dragline excavator model, m ³ / h.

The significant differences of the proposed excavator-bunker transshipment point are as follows:
- Implementation of a transshipment point in the form of an overburden lifting and transshipment point when placing a discharge site on the dump truck unloading horizon located at the bottom of the combined transport area, and an excavation site on the end face of the open pit above this horizon - at a height of H _epl , determined from expression 6, and the loading platform with the PB at the horizon of entry into the quarry of the railway transport, located in relation to the horizon of unloading dump trucks at a height of H _MPL = N _VP , allows taking full advantage of the linear parameters of the dragline excavator, place the PB at the maximum height and thereby expand the functionality of the transshipment point, lifting and transshipment of overburden, realizing the main advantage of the proposed method for open mining of mineral deposits using combined transport.

 - The implementation of the receiving tank in the form of a bunker-pit with a trapezoidal section, passed between the unloading platform and the escarpment of the ledge on which the excavation site is located, provides the necessary conditions for its productive work when excavating overburden from the bunker-pit.

- The arcuate shape of the bunker-pit, unloading and excavation sites with a central angle φ, determined from expression 7, allows for the unchanged position of the PB, located on the horizon of entry into the quarry of railway transport, to excavate overburden from the bunker-pit more than 200 m long, when less than two times the stroke length L _{x of} the dragline excavator.

 - Separation of the length of the bunker-pit into the excavation and dump sections with alternating changes in the operation of this transshipment point of their technological purpose: the excavation section for working on it a dragline excavator and the dump section for working dump trucks with bulldozers on it ensures independent and safe operation of the equipment used at the unloading site and bunker pit.

где В_пп - ширина транспортной полосы у ПБ, м;

где δ₄ - угол откоса навала вскрышных пород ПБ, град.It is advisable to carry out the PB at the loading bay in the form, for example, of a vibro-hopper assembled from reinforced concrete blocks with a receiving funnel from overburden (see Utility Model Certificate 13666, published in BI 13, 2000), with a width of W _PPL and a length L _ppl loading area is determined from the expressions:

where In _pp - the width of the transport lane at the PB, m;

where δ ₄ - the angle of slope of the pile of overburden rocks PB, deg.

 - The implementation of the PB in the form of a vibro-bunker operating under a blockage of overburden allows you to use a dragline excavator with virtually any bucket capacity and reduces the loading time of locomotive stock due to the presence of a significant volume of overburden in the receiving funnel and faster loading of it into the dump car with one vibro-hopper.

The proposed design of the vibratory hopper adopted the following technical solutions:
- The implementation of the vibratory hopper from several hollow reinforced concrete blocks-bases on which drive reinforced concrete blocks are mounted with vibration feeders mounted in them simplifies the design of this hopper and the technology of its installation and dismantling using self-propelled cranes and trailers.

 - The installation of vibratory feeders at a distance between their centers, equal to 3-5 sizes of the width of the working platform of the vibratory feeder, leads to the formation of a ridge of fixed overburden, which protects the connecting elements of the front and rear walls of the loading funnel located in it, and also protects the working platforms of vibratory feeders direct falling blocks (up to 3 m) when unloading a bucket of a dragline excavator.

 - The fastening of the drive reinforced concrete blocks to each other with a plate made of manganese steel, with openings for the passage of overburden to vibratory feeders, provides a fixed assembly of the vibratory hopper, long-term performance of the slab with maintaining the dimensions of the openings above the vibratory feeders.

 - Performing the walls of the loading funnel double of steel sheets with a damping pad placed between them and installing them at an angle of internal friction reduces the wear of steel sheets and ensures their increased performance under shock loads.

 - The fastening of the loading funnel on the plate with the formation of a protrusion from the edge of the opening in the plate allows you to accumulate waste material on the walls of the loading funnel as a self-lining layer at an angle of repose, which eliminates the wear of the metal structures of the discharge funnel.

 - Performing in the front wall of the loading funnel over the vibratory feeders of the unloading windows, blocked by segments of massive chains, ensures the safety of loading overburden in dumpcars with a dragline excavator bucket and eliminates the rolling of pieces of rock along the angled working platforms of vibratory feeders, and the massive chains do not have significant resistance to the overburden flow rocks during vibrational movement.

 - Providing all reinforced concrete blocks of the vibratory hopper with wedge clutch elements to each other ensures minimal costs during installation and dismantling of the vibratory hopper in severe operating conditions (large shock loads, joint elements are in most cases in clay, fine rock and water).

 - The execution of the vibro-hopper from reinforced concrete blocks with dimensions and weight necessary for carrying them by the dragline with the help of special slings that secure the reinforced concrete blocks under the bucket of the dragline excavator, makes it possible to use it for re-mounting the vibro-hopper, eliminating the use of additional mechanisms.

- Using the above formulas 7-15 allows you to determine the parameters φ, L _i , W _i , V _i , L _epl , L _x , W _epl , L _{ppl of the} proposed excavator-bunker transshipment point, depending on the parameters of the mining and transport equipment working on it.

 It is also advisable to create an embankment of overburden at the loading site of this transshipment point around the PB and to build a roadway equipped with a road surface on this embankment from the side of the open pit, and to create an unloading platform equipped with a protective coating on the surface of the embankment at the height of the PB retaining wall from crushed stone, concrete and metal with stops for dump truck wheels, for example, in the form of a coating used on the unloading sites of dumps formed by drag dredges contact (see Timoshin VI Investigation of conditions for effective use of walking draglines in the dumps when road transport overburden:. Abstract of diss Candidate of Technical Sciences / IGD them Skochinskiy, MUP USSR, Moscow, 1977.......).

 - The creation at the loading site of the proposed transshipment point of the above facilities will allow, in safe conditions and with high intensity, the operation of dump trucks: drive dump trucks to the unloading platform, perform maneuvering and unloading dump trucks into the receiving funnel. It was found that this provides an increase in the speed of dump trucks by 37% and a 50% reduction in the time of their maneuvers and unloading (in comparison with sites made on bulk rock with crushed stone).

 The essence of the proposed method for the development of mineral deposits using combined transport and excavator-bunker transshipment point for its implementation is illustrated by examples of specific implementation and figure 1-12.

 In FIG. 1 shows a profile A-A in FIG. 2 with drawing on it the provisions of mining operations at the quarry operation stages at a constant height of the combined transport application zone (the deep part of the quarry above the upper formation layer is shown), M ≈ 1: 6000.

 In FIG. 2 shows the position of mining in terms of the beginning of stage IV of the quarry operation at a constant height of the combined transport area, M ≈ 1: 6000.

 In FIG. 3 shows the profile AA in figure 2 with the application of the provisions of the mining operations at the beginning and end of the III stage of the quarry operation at a constant height of the combined transport zone (the deep part of the quarry is shown), M ≈ 1: 3000.

 In FIG. 4 depicts the position of mining operations at the end of stage III of the quarry operation before transferring the transshipment point to a new location, M ≈ 1: 6000.

 In FIG. 5 - the position of mining in the plan at the end of the development of the III stage of the quarry operation at the 1st stage of transfer of the transfer point, M≈1: 3000.

 In FIG. 6 - the position of mining operations in the plan for the end of mining of the III stage of quarry operation after completion of the 2 stage of transfer of the transshipment point, M ≈ 1: 3000.

 In FIG. 7 - the position of mining operations in the plan for the end of mining of the III stage of the quarry operation after completing the 3 stages of transfer of the transshipment point, M ≈ 1: 3000.

 On Fig - the position of mining in terms of the beginning of the IV stage of operation of the quarry with a variable height of the zone of application of combined transport, M ≈ 1: 6000.

 Figure 9 shows the profile aa in figure 8 with the application of the mining operations on the stages of the quarry operation at a variable height of the combined transport zone (the deep part of the quarry above the upper formation is shown).

 In FIG. 10 is a graph of the volumes of overburden overburden in the combined transport area by stages of the quarry operation with various methods for their stabilization.

 In FIG. 11 - excavator-bunker transshipment point, profile AA in Fig.7, M ≈ 1: 1450.

In Fig.12 - vibratory hopper is a vertical section. Legend:
zone A - the area of application of automobile transport;
zone G - area of application of railway transport;
zone K - the same, combined road and rail transport (figures 1, 3, 9);
----- - the previous position of the mining operations when transferring the transshipment point (Figs. 5, 6);
N _VP - installation height PB, m;
L _ppl - the length of the discharge site, m;
L _x - the length of the excavator dragline, m;
h _b - the height of the pile of overburden rocks PB, m;
h _i - the depth of the receiving capacity, m;
H _h ^max - the maximum depth of the excavator-dragline, m;
R _p ^max - the largest discharge radius, m;
R _h ^max - the largest radius of the excavator-dragline, m;
α is the angle of incidence of the mineral layer, deg;
Ш _пп ¹ - step of transfer of a transshipment point by drop, m;
Ш _пп ¹¹ - step of transfer of a transshipment point along strike, m;
L _ppl - the length of the loading area, m;
W _rpl - the width of the discharge site, m;
W _epl - width of the excavation site, m;
L _epl - length of the excavation site, m;
W _ppl - the width of the loading area, m;
H _p ^max - the maximum discharge height of the dragline, m;
W _i ^p - the width of the receiving tank on top, m;
W _I ⁿ - the same, lower, m;
B _b - security berm, m;
In _about - the length of the support base of the dragline, m;
δ ₁ - the slope of the excavator ledge, degrees;
δ ₂ - the slope of the side of the receiving tank from the deepening side of the bucket of the dragline excavator, deg;
δ ₃ - the maximum minimum slope angle of the blade when dumping it at the level of standing of the dragline, deg;
δ ₄ - the angle of slope of the bulk pile of overburden rocks PB, m;
In _PP - the width of the transport lane at the PB, m;
ω is the angle of the steep slope of the ledge, degrees;
l _bun - the distance from the center of the bulk pile of overburden rocks PB to the transport strip, m

The implementation of the proposed method for the development of mineral deposits using combined transport, which provides for the development of a coal seam suite with a total capacity of 38 m and dip angles of 10-20 ^o , we will consider using an example as close as possible to the conditions of the promising Alardinsky 1-2 section in South Kuzbass. The project plans to work out inter-layers with inclined layers using combined road and rail transport when placing transfer points on the soil of the lower formation, and overburden rocks above the upper layer - horizontal ledges with the use of railway transport. In our development option for mining operations, overburden above the upper formation is envisaged to be worked out according to the combined transport system: Stage I of operation, from the exit of the upper formation to the horizon + 284 (mountains + 284), - to road transport with laying overburden nearby logs (in Fig. 1, zone A, horizon marks are conditional), at the subsequent stages of operation of the quarry, upper ledges for railway transport (in Fig. 1 zone G), and lower ones for a combined road-rail transport sport (Fig. 1 zone K) according to the proposed method.

We will illustrate it during the development of the III stage of the quarry operation. The mining of the ledges of zone G at this stage is carried out by excavators, for example mechanical shovels 1, with loading overburden in locomotive 2 and taking it out of the quarry along the stationary dead end track 3 located on the end face of the track to an external dump (FIGS. 2 and 3). The mining of the ledges of zone K is also carried out by excavating shovels 1 with loading overburden in vehicles and delivering them to the dumping horizon of dump trucks 4 (in Fig. 2 mountains. + 176), where this rock is unloaded into a receiving tank 5 created on this horizon, and then dragline excavators 6 located on board career (Figure 2 mountains. + 212, and in Figure 3. mountains. 266) is discharged from it and is moved in the BOP 7, the installation height H _Bn is determined by the expression 1 (in Figure .2 mountains. + 230, in Fig. 3 mountains. + 284).

The determination of the height H _{VP of the} installation PB 7 relative to the discharge horizon of dump trucks 4 (in Fig. 3 mountains. 230) with the known model of the dragline 6 reduces to the selection of such values of the values of h _b and h _i , which ensures the placement of the height H _VP integer ledges.

 Solve this problem in the following sequence.

From the well-known developments, the most suitable design of PB 7 is selected for the adopted type of dragline 6 excavator. When used on a transshipment point of a dragline 6 with a bucket capacity of 20-65 m ^{3, a} vibro-bunker working under a block of overburden is most suitable for its productive use Model 13666, publ. in BI 13, 2000. During the operation of this vibratory hopper in the bulk of the overburden, a receiving funnel of relatively large capacity is formed. The dependence of the geometric capacity of the receiving hopper of the vibratory hopper on the height h _{b of a} pile of overburden was established. With the height of the bulk of overburden rocks h _b = 24 m and the loading of the dumpcar from one of its stands with vibratory feeders 7 m long, its geometric capacity is 1600 m ³ and its capacity is 2600 t (with a bulk weight of overburden of 2.3 t / m ³ ), which is equal to the carrying capacity 2-4 locomotive 2 with a steering bias i _p = 40-60%.

The known dependencies are used to find the length of one unloading place l _pm and its width, which is at the same time the width of the unloading platform Ш _рпл , for the adopted model of dump trucks 4 and the scheme for their maneuvering. Then from the condition:
V _p ^a ≥ Q _ex ^hour ,
where V _p ^a - the receiving capacity of the discharge site on the dump site, m / h;
Q _ex ^hour - hourly productivity of the used model of excavator dragline 6, m ³ / h,
determine the length of the discharge front L _times ^and dump trucks 4, which is the length of the dump section, and the total length L _ppl = 2L _times ^a + L _pm . When using dump trucks of 4 brands BelAZ-7519 - L _RPL = 245 m, W _RPL = 35m.

Set the minimum depth h _i ^{min of the} receiving capacity (hopper-pit) 5, with known values of the values of L _RPL and W _RPL , using formulas 7 -10 from the condition
V _i = Q _ex ^hour m _hour ,
where V _I - the volume of the receiving tank 5, determined from the expression 10, m ³ ;
m _hour - the duration of the shift, hours

In this example, h _i ^min = 11.5 m

Calculate by formula 3 the maximum depth h _i ^{min of the} receiving tank 5.

In this example, when using an excavator dragline ESh-40/100 in accordance with the initial data of its technical passport, h _i ^max = 13.9 m.

Determine by the formula 1 the height H _{VP of the} installation PB 7 relative to the discharge horizon of dump trucks 4 at h _i ^min -N _VP ^min , and at h _i ^max -N _VP ^max . In our example, H _VP ^min = 56.5 m, and H _VP ^max = 54.1 m.

где F - функция выделения целого числа,
Н_у - высота уступа, м (Н^у=18 м).Find the integer number of ledges n _y placed at heights H _VP ^min and H _VP ^max :

where F is the function of extracting an integer,
N _y - the height of the ledge, m (N ^y = 18 m).

Take n _{for the} larger of the values of n _for ^min and n _for ^max and finally establish the value of N _VP :
H _VP = n _at H _at .

In our case, n _y = 3 and H _VP = 54 m.

PB 7 is installed at the height of the bottom end face of the quarry side of the quarry, and the receiving tank 5 is built at the base of this side on the horizon + 176 unloading dump trucks 4 (figure 2). These structures, together with dragline 6 excavator, are the main elements of the transshipment point. One such transshipment point is built on each wing of the quarry field and, from one of its installations, one stage of zone K operation is practiced, the height of which is taken to be 2 _volts , and is kept constant throughout the entire quarry mining period. In this example, starting from the III stage of operation, it is 108 m with an arrangement along its height of 6 benches with a height of H _y = 18 m (Figs. 1, 3). At the beginning of the development of the III stage of operation (and each subsequent stage), the lower horizon of zone K is the dump truck unloading horizon 4, and the middle horizon (in the III stage of the mountains. + 284) is the installation horizon of ПБ 7 and it is the lower horizon of entering the railway transport quarry . The congress of locomotive trains 2 to this horizon is carried out along the stationary dead end track 3 located on the front side (Figures 3 and 4) and then along the sliding exit 8 to the mountains. +284 to PB 7, along the front wall of which loading routes 9 with a dead end exchange point 10 of locomotive trains 2 are laid. From this position, PB (in Figs. 1 and 4, floor 2) work out the entire III stage of the quarry operation for combined transport. At the same time, at the beginning of cutting each new ledge, the upper ledge of zone K is transferred to railway transport, thereby increasing the height of zone J. When cutting the ledge into mountains. + 212 in the III stage of operation, the ledge is transferred to zone G to the mountains. +320, when cutting a ledge to the mountains. + 194 - the upper ledge on the mountains. + 302, when cutting a ledge to the mountains. + 176 - the upper ledge to the mountains. + 284 (figures 1 and 3). As a result of lowering the upper and lower boundaries of zone K in stage III, the discharge horizon of dump trucks 4 (+230) is moved in height to the middle of zone K, and the installation horizon of PB 7 (mountains + 284) is moved to its upper horizon. The development of each stage of the quarry operation is completed when mining is lowered to a depth of H _VP , and in stage III - when mining is lowered from mountains + 230 to mountains. + 176 m.

After practicing stage III, transfer of the transfer point to a new place begins with a step of W _pp , the value of which is determined by formulas 4 and 5. Using formula 4, determine the step of transfer of the transfer point by the drop of W _pp ¹ (Fig. 3), and by formula 5 - along the strike W _PP ¹¹ (figure 4) relative to the position that he occupied at the beginning of the mining phase of the operation of the quarry in figure 4, pos. 7 (2 floor). In this example, W _PP ¹ = 190 m, and W _PP ¹¹ = 120 m.

 The transfer of the transfer point is performed in the following sequence.

 First, using a dragline 6 excavator, the bulk of the overburden is removed and the vibrating hopper of the PB 7 is dismantled. At the same time, a sliding railway exit 8 from the mountains passes on the working board. + 248 to the lower horizon of entering the quarry of railway transport to work out the IV stage of operation of the quarry (mountains + 230) and in the area of the receiving tank 5, cut the working platform 11 (mountains + 248) on the slope of the excavator ledge 12 and work out the ledges on the mountains. + 230 and mountains. + 248 (Fig. 5). Then they carry out the dragline 6 dragline excavation to the new horizon of its installation, and at the same time, he builds a congress to this horizon himself in the process of driving. Also, at the first stage of transfer of the transshipment point, an excavator-dragline 6 passes exit 13 to the mountains. + 230 and in a few tricks carries out the transfer of reinforced concrete blocks of the vibratory hopper ПБ 7 (2 floors) to platform 14 (mountains + 230), located opposite the new installation site of ПБ 7 (3 floors). The excavator-dragline 6 carries out the transfer of these blocks with the help of slings, ensuring their fastening under its bucket. Following the development of the congress 13 with other equipment, they continue to work out the ledges on the mountains. + 230 and to the mountains. + 248 (in Fig. 5 these works are not shown). After the descent to the mountains. +230 excavator-dragline 6 creates a platform on this horizon for mounting the vibratory hopper PB 7, triggering exit 13 and storing overburden in a pile next to this site. Then, using this dragline excavator 6 as a crane, they install the vibratory hopper ПБ 7, which subsequently he himself falls asleep overburden from the pile (in Fig. 5 these works are also not shown).

 At the second stage of transfer of the transshipment point, the drive of the dragline 6 continues again. At this stage of the stage, it passes exit 15 from the mountains. + 230 to the mountains. +212 (Fig.6) and after descent to this horizon moves to the installation site. Simultaneously with this other equipment, 4 steps are worked out at the horizons (+ 176) - (+ 266). And after the completion of these works lay the railway tracks: on the mountains. + 248 and the sliding exit 8, and on the mountains. +230 - loading tracks 9 along PB 7 and tracks at the dead end exchange point 10 of locomotive trains 2.

 At the third stage of transfer of the transshipment point, the dragline 6 forms the receiving tank 5 and the slope of the excavator ledge 12, doubling the ledges on the mountains for this purpose. +176 and +194. Simultaneously with these works, the stationary railway dead end track 3, located on the front side, is lengthened. For this, three major railway congresses are first rebuilt: exit 16 from the mountains. + 302 on the mountains. + 284 (in Fig. 2, the installation horizon of PB 7 at its 2 position), exit 17 from the mountains. + 284 on the mountains. + 266 and exit 18 from the mountains. + 266 on the mountains. + 248. And then they place a two-track route with dead-end posts of three receiving-departure routes, providing the necessary bandwidth for the considered example (Figs. 2 and 7).

 These operations complete the transfer of the transshipment point to a new position. In our example, the position in Fig.7. With the above procedure for mining and installation and installation works, the transfer duration of this transshipment point is 30-35 days. During the transfer of the transshipment point on one wing of the quarry field, another transshipment center operates on its other wing, which ensures continuous operation of the quarry in zone K throughout the year. However, the daily volume of overloaded overburden in zone K during the transfer of one of the transfer points is halved.

 It was indicated above that during the repair of the dragline 6, dumping of dump trucks 4 is advisable to be carried out directly in PB 7, which ensures an increase in the annual volume of overloaded overburden in zone K. When working under this scheme, dumping of dump trucks 4 is carried out from unloading platform 19, which together with automobile race 20 is built on the surface of the embankment created around PB 7, and transferred with it to a new place as mining operations develop (Figs. 5 and 7).

 It was also indicated above that in order to increase the speed of lowering mining operations in zone K with the same equipment fleet, overburden located above the PB 7 horizon is mined for rail transport. In our example, after transferring PB 7 from 2 to 3 position and increasing the depth of entry into the quarry of railway transport to the mountains. + 230, ledges on the mountains. + 266, + 248, +230 are transferred to railway transport, i.e., to zone Zh, thereby reducing zone K from 6 to 3 ledges, which leads to ripple in the volumes of overburden worked out for railway and combined transport. This can be seen from a comparison of FIG. 2 with FIG. 8 and FIG. 1 with FIG. 9.

In FIG. 10 shows the graphs of the volume overloaded overburden on both wings pit field in the region K on stages quarrying at a constant height of this zone equal 2H _sn (Figure 1), and change its value from H to 2H _{sn sn} (Figure 2). Eliminate this ripple, usually in a few tricks. In this example, the solution to this problem is carried out in the following sequence: first, at the stage of construction of the quarry, an advance is created, for example, of the right wing relative to the left one by the amount of front movement advancement L _pg ^f that occurs when cutting a new horizon (Fig. 9, L _pg ^f = 135 m ), which reduces the pulsation of the volumes of overburden by half (in Fig. 10, graph 3). Then carry out the “corral” of the upper ledge relative to the lower ledges on the left wing of the quarry field by the amount of L _pg ^f when cutting 2 horizons at each stage of operation of the quarry, which completely eliminates the pulsation of the volumes of overloaded overburden during each stage of mining the quarry (figure 10, graph 4). In this case, the pulsation of the volumes of overloaded overburden along the left (chart 5) and right (chart 6) wings of the quarry field remains. Eliminate it due to the gradual redistribution of overburden volumes between the wings of the quarry field within one stage of the quarry operation (Figure 7). For comparison, Fig. 10 also shows the volumes of overburden overburden over only one wing of the open pit field in zone K according to the stages of operation of the open pit at a constant height of this zone equal to 2N _VP (Figure 8).

Excavator-bunker transshipment point consists of an unloading platform 21 for dump trucks 4 with dump and reserve sections, a receiving tank 5, excavator platform 22 with an excavator dragline 6 placed on it, a loading platform 23 with PB 7 and loading tracks 9 (Fig. 7 and eleven). Moreover, the unloading platform 21, the receiving tank 5 and the excavator platform 22 are given an arcuate shape with a central angle φ determined from expression 7. In our example, φ = 66 ^o .

The unloading platform 21 is located in the lower part of zone K on the horizon of unloading of dump trucks 4 and adjoins the receiving tank 5 with its long side. Due to long-term use (in our example, up to 10 years) it is equipped with a protective coating of gravel. The parameters of this site (width W _rpl and length L _rpl ) are defined above when establishing the depth h _{i of the} receiving tank 5 and the height h _b PB 7.

The receiving tank 5 is made in the form of a bunker-pit with a trapezoidal section, passed at the base of the excavator ledge 12. Its length is divided into two sections that alternate their technological purpose during the operation of the transshipment point: an excavator section for working on it with an excavator dragline 6 and dump for work of dump trucks 4 with bulldozers on it 24. Its parameters: length L _I width W _I and capacity V _{I are} determined respectively from expressions 8, 9, 10. In this example, L _I = 200 m, W _I = 30 m, V _I = 47600 m ³ .

Excavation platform 22 is located on the front side of the quarry above the dump truck unloading horizon 4 at a height of H _epl , determined from expression 6. Its parameters: length E _epl is determined from expressions 11-12, and width W _epl is _determined from expression 13. In our example, L _epl = 193 m, W _ep = 58 m (Fig. 7).

Loading bay 23 is combined with the horizon of entry into the quarry of railway transport and is located relative to the horizon of unloading of dump trucks 4 at a height of H _MPL = N _VP . Its parameters depend on the size of the PB 7 placed on it. The width W _ppl is determined from expression 14, and the length L _ppl is _determined from expression 15. In this example, L _ppl = 78 m, W _ppl = 68 m (Fig. 5).

 PB 7, located on the loading platform 23, is made in the form of a vibrating bunker operating under the blockage of overburden. To increase the storage capacity, a retaining wall 25 is fixed to the vibratory hopper from the side of its front wall, and the whole structure is covered with overburden (Fig. 11). During the operation of the vibratory hopper in the bulk of the overburden, a receiving funnel of significant geometric capacity is formed. The vibro-bunker includes several hollow reinforced concrete blocks-bases 26 (Fig. 12), on which at least two drive reinforced concrete blocks 27 are mounted with vibration feeders 28 mounted in them, and the distance between their centers is equal to three to five dimensions of the working width “B” vibratory feeder platforms 28. Reinforced concrete drive blocks 27 are fastened together by a plate 29 with openings 30 for passage of rock mass to the working platforms of vibratory feeders 28. To increase the performance of the vibratory hopper, plate 29 can be made of manganese ovistoy steel or edges 31 may be provided with replaceable wear-resistant plates. A loading funnel 32 is fixed on the plate 29, the walls of which are installed at an angle ψ of the internal friction of the rock on the steel sheet. The feed funnel 32 is fixed to form a protrusion 33 from the edge of the opening 30 in the plate 29 for accumulating on it and the inclined walls of the feed funnel 32 of the rock as a lining material 34 at an angle γ of repose. A fixed ridge 35 is formed between the vibrating feeders 28 from the overburden at an angle of repose, by means of which the fastening elements 36 of the rear and front walls of the loading funnel 32 are protected. The crest 35 of the overburden takes up the main part of the shock load when unloading the excavator dragline 6. The walls of the loading funnel 32 are made double of steel sheets 37 with a damping pad 38 placed between them, made, for example, of wood. On the front wall of the loading funnel 32 above the vibratory feeders 28, discharge windows 39 are made, overlapped by segments of massive chains 40. All blocks of the vibratory hopper are provided with wedge-shaped fastening elements 41 to each other.

 There is also an unloading platform 19 at loading bay 23, from which dump trucks 4 are directly unloaded to the receiving funnel of PB 7. It was built on an embankment made of overburden at the level of retaining wall 25 PB 7 and a car race was built on this platform from the side of the open pit 20, equipped with a pavement (FIGS. 5 and 7). The unloading platform 19 consists of a platform and a concrete road adjacent to it (the total width of this site along with the road is 30-35 m). The platform is a metal grid of R-50 rails, covered with crushed rock and equipped with a breaker bar in the form of metal pipes with a diameter of 1000 mm for the wheels of dump trucks 4.

 The work of the proposed transshipment point is characterized by the work of the equipment interacting on it.

 Overburden from the excavation links of zone K is transported by dump trucks 4 directly along sliding ramps (not shown in Fig.) To the horizon of their unloading. On the dump section of the unloading site 21, they maneuver and unload into the bunker-pit 5. Filling the bunker-pit with 5 overburden is carried out according to the scheme widely used on dumps: the dump truck 4 with its rear wheels bumps into the enclosing rock roller 1.0 m high and 2.5 m wide , while part of the unloaded overburden falls onto the slope of the blade, the other part is pushed from the site under the slope by a bulldozer 24 (Fig. 11). On the reserve section of the unloading site 21, dump trucks 4 are unloaded only in emergency situations, because a dragline 6 excavator is working at the bunker-pit 5 adjacent to this section, unloading overburden from it and moving the latter to PB 7. After filling 5 bunkers in the dump site and unloading of overburden from it at its excavator section, the equipment operating in these sections is interchanged and the reserve section of the unloading site 21 becomes dump, and the dump becomes reserve. At the same time, both sections of the bunker-pit 5 change their technological purpose.

In the dump section of the unloading site 21 in this example, up to 4 dump trucks of 4 BelAZ-7519 brands can be in simultaneous operation. When the bunker-pit is completely filled with 5 overburden, its volume will ensure the operation of the dragline excavator 6 of the ESh-40/100 brand for 4 shifts. Increase the geometric capacitance silo pits 5 can be achieved by increasing the length L to _I ^max, in which the central angle φ = 90 ^o. At this angle φ V _i = 65450 m ³ , which, when filled with overburden, will ensure the operation of this dragline 6 excavator for 5.5 shifts. A significant increase in the volume of stored overburden can also be achieved using the dragline 6 itself by placing overburden above the surface of the pit hopper 5 and partially on the slope of the excavator ledge 12.

When unburdened rocks are unloaded from the pit bunker 5, the dragline 6 is located on the excavator platform 22 created on the end face of the quarry at a height of H _epl = 36 m. During operation, the dragline 6 is shuttled in an arc L _x = 115 m and without any of his other maneuvers on the excavation site 22 (Fig.7 and 11). The angle of rotation of the dragline 6 when unloading its bucket into the receiving funnel PB 7 located on loading platform 23 at a height of H _mp = 54 m is about 180 ^o . In this case, the excavation cycle t _c = 80 s.

The unloading of overburden from PB 7 is carried out using a vibrating hopper operating under the rubble. To ensure the necessary overload speed of overburden rocks in locomotive stock 2, it is planned to use a vibratory hopper of 4 drive reinforced concrete blocks 27 with vibration feeders 28 installed in them = 1.5 m wide and the number of hollow reinforced concrete base blocks 26 corresponding to these blocks (Fig. 12). Such a vibro-bunker provides loading a dump car from one parking lot in 0.8 - 1.0 min. During the operation of the vibratory hopper in the bulk of the overburden, a receiving funnel of significant geometric capacity is formed. When the height of the pile h _b = 24 m in the receiving funnel is a rock 2 locomotive 2 with a carrying capacity of 1300 tons

Laden locomotives 2 are replaced with empty ones at a dead-end exchange point 10 located along the locomotives 2, behind PB 7 when the locomotive is in the head of the train (Fig. 7), and when placed in the tail of the train - on loading tracks 9 equipped with deaf translation. " In this example, the exchange time of locomotive 2 t _about = 5 - 7 minutes With these performance indicators of the vibro-bunker and exchange point 10 of locomotive trains 2 with a carrying capacity of 1300 t, they provide the throughput capacity of ПБ 7 1.5 times greater than the performance of a dragline 6 working on overload.

 During the repair of the dragline 6, dump trucks 4 are unloaded directly to the receiving hopper ПБ 7 from the unloading platform 19. In this case, overburden should be delivered to avoid increasing the transportation distance from nearby excavator faces, i.e. from the upper ledges of zone K. With the above-described construction of the unloading site 19 and its parameters, as well as when using BelAZ-7519 dump trucks 4, the receiving capacity of this site 19 is 1.76 more than the throughput capacity of PB 7. During the remo period NTA excavator-dragline 6, this site is the main front of unloading of dump trucks 4, and when it is working on loading PB 7, it acts as a backup front of unloading of dump trucks 4.

 Direct unloading of dump trucks 4 into the receiving hopper of PB 7 with the aforementioned receiving capacity of the unloading platform 19 and throughput of the PB 7 is 1.5 times greater than the capacity of the excavator-dragline 6 working at loading the PB 7, which makes it possible to organize almost the same monthly volume of overburden overburden at a transfer point throughout the year.

 For this, it is necessary not to transfer the transshipment point during transfer of the transshipment point on one wing of the quarry field, for example, to the right, on its other wing, in this case to the left, but to put on a long-term repair type (medium or capital) a dragline excavator and carry out unloading of dump trucks and directly into the receiving funnel of PB 7. The duration of this period, as indicated above, will be approximately one month. Then, after the transfer of the transshipment point on the right wing of the quarry field is completed, it is necessary to put a dragline 6 on it for long-term repairs and, while repairing dragline 6 excavators, carry out unloading of dump trucks 4 and directly in PB 7 at both transshipment points. The duration of this period will also be one month. Then, after completing one of the long-term repairs of the dragline 6 excavator on the left wing of the quarry field, it is now necessary to carry out the transfer of the transshipment point here, and at this time, on the right wing of the quarry field, the repair of the dragline 6 excavator should be completed by unloading dump trucks 4 directly in PB 7 The duration of this period will be approximately one month.

During the period described above for the transfer of transshipment points and repair of dragline 6 excavators with a duration of 92 days, the average monthly volume of overloaded overburden in the quarry will be 1.626 million m ³ / month, and at one transshipment point - 0.813 million m ³ / month. In the main period, lasting 266 days, when dragline excavators 6 are used for transshipment of overburden (taking into account scheduled preventive repairs), it will amount to 1.640 million m ³ / month in the quarry, and 0.820 million m at one transshipment point ³ / month.

Claims (6)

1. The method of open development of mineral deposits using combined transport, including the development of a group of upper ledges of the quarry with the loading of overburden in railway vehicles and their subsequent removal from the quarry to the dump, which is the area of application for railway transport, and the development of the group of lower ledges of the quarry with loading overburden rocks to dump trucks and their delivery to transshipment points constructed on the non-working side of the quarry or on temporary pillars of its working side, with the subsequent loading of these rocks at transshipment points into railway vehicles and their transportation to a dump, which is a zone of combined transport application, the phased development of mining operations in the quarry with the transfer of intra-quarry transshipment points, increasing the depth of entry into the quarry of railway transport and practicing these stages using the above technology characterized in that the delivery of overburden from the ledges of the combined transport area to the points of transshipment is carried out first by the truck osvalami directly by sliding congresses in at the bottom of this zone horizon dump discharge, where the rock is discharged into the created on this horizon receptacle and then dragline excavators scooped out and moved to the transfer hopper positioned at a height H _wp, the magnitude of which determined from the expression
N _VP = N _h ^max + H _p ^max -h _b -h _i , m,
where N _h ^max - the maximum depth of the excavator-dragline, m;
N _p ^max - the maximum height of its discharge, m;
h _b - the height of the bulk of the overburden of the reloading hopper, m;
h _i - the depth of the receiving capacity, m,
moreover, when determining the height H _VP its value is taken equal to the total height of an integer number of ledges by varying the values of the values of h _b and h _i within
h _b ^min ≤h _b and h _i ^min ≤h _i ≤h _i ^max ,
where h _b ^min - the minimum height of the reloading hopper, the value of which is established from the condition of placement of overburden in the hopper at least two locomotive stock, m;
h _i ^min - the minimum depth of the receiving tank, the value of which is established from the conditions of placement of overburden in the receiving tank of at least three shifts in the operation of the dragline, m;
h _i ^max - the maximum depth of the receiving capacity, the value of which is determined from the expression

where R _h ^max - the largest radius of the excavator-dragline, m;
B _about - the length of the support base of the dragline, m;
B _b - security berm, m;
δ ₁ - the slope of the excavator ledge, degrees;
W _I ⁿ - the width of the receiving tank at the bottom, taken equal to a length of 1 _{to the} bucket of the excavator dragline, m;
δ ₂ - the angle of slope of the side of the receiving tank from the deepening side of the bucket of the dragline, deg,
at the same time, on each wing of the quarry field, on the dump truck unloading horizon, one indicated receiving capacity is constructed and one indicated transshipment bunker with loading tracks on the end face of the quarry, which together with the dragline excavator are the main elements of the transshipment point, and the phased development of mining operations in the quarry associated with the periodic and sequential transfer of both transshipment points on the wings of the quarry field, and with one installation they work out one stage of the zone’s operation at eneniya combined transport, the height of which is taken equal 2H _sn, including the expense of working off of ledges disposed above the horizon installation handling hopper, and is kept constant during the entire operation period career by translating the upper ledge to rail during slicing of each new horizon moving thereby, the dump truck unloading horizon from the bottom of the combined transport area to its middle, and when the decrease in mining during the operation phase of the quarry is reached H depth _ch, start transfer reloading the item at the new location with a pitch W _claims, the value of which is determined from the expressions

where W _PP ¹ and W _PP ¹¹ - the step size of the transfer of the transshipment point on the wing of the quarry field, respectively, according to the dip and strike of the field relative to its position at the beginning of the development phase of operation, m;
α is the average angle of incidence of the mineral layer on the wing of the quarry field within one operational stage of the quarry, deg;
N _y - the height of the ledge, m;
In _with - the width of the railway exit, m;
ω is the angle of the steep slope of the ledge, degrees;
1 _bun - the distance from the center of the bulk pile of overburden of the reloading hopper to the transport lane, m,
wherein simultaneously with the transfer of handling points is carried out testing of rock pillar from its previous position and decrease the amount of H _wp depth input to the quarry railway transport, placing horizon unloading dump bottom zone of the combined transport and horizon installation handling hopper - at its middle, and after of these works begin to develop a new stage in the operation of the quarry.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that during the repair of the dragline excavator, dump trucks are unloaded at the transshipment point directly into the transshipment bunker from the transshipment area created for this purpose. 3. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that all the overburden are located on the horizon installation handling hopper and above it, fulfill the railway transportation, and the combined transport arising from H to 2H _{sn sn} pulsation in amounts of overburden, practiced on railway and combined transport are eliminated by creating at the stage of construction of a quarry an advance of one wing of the quarry field relative to another, a preliminary “corral”, in the process of working out one stage of the exploitation of the quarry er, upper ledges relative to the lower and incremental redistribution of the volumes of overburden between the wings of the quarry field within one stage of operation of the quarry. 4. Excavator-bunker transshipment point, including an unloading platform for dump trucks with dump and reserve sections, a receiving tank, an excavator site with a dragline excavator located on it and a loading area with a hopper and railway tracks, characterized in that it is designed as a lifting point and transshipment of overburden, in which the unloading platform is located on the dump truck unloading horizon located in the lower part of the combined transport area, and the excavator platform - on the end face of the quarry above this horizon - at a height of H _epl , determined from the expression
N _epl = N _h ^max -h _i , m,
at the same time, the loading platform with the reloading hopper is aligned with the input horizon into the open pit of the railway transport and is located in relation to the dump truck unloading horizon at a height of H _PPL = N _VP , and the receiving tank is made in the form of a hopper pit with a trapezoidal cross-section passed between the unloading platform and the slope the ledge on which the excavator site is located, and the length of the bunker-pit is divided into two sections with alternating changes in their technological purpose: the excavator section for working on it kavatora-dragline dump site and for operation of dump thereon with bulldozers, the hopper pit excavation and unloading platforms shaped arc shape with a central angle φ, defined by the expression

where L _RPL - the length of the discharge site, m;
R _p ^max - the largest discharge radius of the dragline, m;
W _rpl - the width of the discharge platform, m,
while the parameters of the bunker-hole are determined from the expressions
length

width on top
W $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{P}}{\text{I}}$ = R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{h}}$ -B _b -0.5B _r -H _epl • ctgδ ₁ , m;
capacity
V _i = h _i L _i [W $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{P}}{\text{I}}$ -0.5h _i (ctgδ ₁ + ctgδ ₂ )], m,
parameters of the excavation site are determined from the expressions
length
L _epl = L _x + H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{h}}$ ctgω + 0.5 (2B _t + H _y ctgω), m,
where L _x - the stroke length of the dragline, m;
In _T - the width of the transport berm, m;
width
W _epl = B _b + 0.5B _rev + R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{p}}$ -H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{max}}{\text{p}}$ ctgδ ₃ ,
where δ ₃ - the maximum minimum angle of repose of the blade when dumping it at the level of standing of the dragline, deg,
and the values of the above parameters W _RPL and L _RPL unloading platform - from the condition
V _p ^a ≥Q _ex ^hour ,
where V _p ^a - the receiving capacity of the unloading site on the dump site, determined depending on the used models of dump trucks and their maneuvering scheme, m ³ / h;
Q _ex ^hour - hourly productivity of the used dragline excavator model, m ³ / h. 5. The excavator-bunker transshipment point according to claim 4, characterized in that the transshipment bunker in the loading area is made in the form, for example, of a vibro-hopper assembled from reinforced concrete blocks with a receiving funnel from overburden, wherein the width is W _PPL and the length L _PPL loading area is determined from the expressions

where In _pp - the width of the transport lane at the reloading hopper, m;

where δ ₄ - the angle of slope of the pile of overburden rocks of the reloading hopper, deg.  6. An excavator-bunker transshipment point according to claim 4, characterized in that an embankment of overburden is created on its loading area around the transshipment bunker, and a road race equipped with a road surface is constructed on this embankment from the working side of the quarry, and on the surface of the embankment at the height level of the retaining wall of the reloading hopper, its unloading platform was constructed, equipped with a protective coating of crushed stone, concrete and metal with stops for the wheels of dump trucks, for example, in the form of a coating used on azgruzochnyh sites avtootvalov formed dragline excavators.

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