RU2099524C1 - Combined method of mining of formation of steeply dipping coal seams - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: method includes stripping of seams, open pit mining of thick seam by benches, underground mining of seams coming out beyond the contours of mined horizon or open pit field. Upon completion of open pit mining of pit field, the depth of mining of thick seam is determined with its underground - open-pit mining. Horizon is opened, haulage cross-entry is driven, and skip hoisting is organized on one of its flank, over inclined working (slope) driven in extreme seam in formation. Stoping operations are carried out with division of seam along the strike into extraction blocks, and, if required, into sublevels to mine them with use of drilling and blasting with coal drawing onto haulage facilities of open main horizon with lifting of coal to the surface by skip hoist. Worked out space in extraction blocks, after coal drawing is filled with overburden rocks or by caving. In mining thick seam, pillars from cementing fill are erected before coal extraction from extraction blocks. Opening of upper ventilation horizon for seams located in pit flank is carried out by excavation of open trench across strike of each seam. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and is intended for mining suites of steep coal seams in an open-underground way.

 Known open-underground method of developing mineral deposits, including the extraction of minerals by open pit mining, and its transportation from a quarry using underground workings (Mining. Terminological Dictionary M. Nedra, 1990, p. 368).

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a combined method of developing a coal seam suite, including opening the seams, open pit mining of the main (powerful) seam with ledges, underground mining of seams included in the contour zone of the quarry field, while the upper ventilation horizons are opened by open work, and lower underground workings with deeper pit ledges (Ru, patent N 2039257, class E 21 C 41/00, 1995).

 A disadvantage of the known combined mining method / prototype / is that the underground technology for mining coal seams is conducted only with the joint operation of both technologies when the quarry is operated.

 The purpose of the invention is the creation of an effective technology for coal mining in the refinement of the quarry field and formations adjacent to the contour of the quarry.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that during the development of a coal seam suite, including opening the seams, open pit mining of a powerful seam with ledges, underground mining of seams extending beyond the contours of worked horizons or open pit fields, at the stage of completing open pit mining of an open pit field, determine the optimal depth of mining a powerful seam at underground-open technology for its development, they perform the opening of this work horizon, carry out a transport cross-axle and equip cargo on one of its flanks the first elevator along the inclined mine (slope), passed along the extreme seam in the suite, divide the seams into excavation blocks along the strike of the seam, if necessary, divide them into sub-floors and work them out using drilling and blasting operations and releasing coal to vehicles of the open main horizon with coal output the surface through the skip hoist, while the worked-out space after the release of coal is covered with overburden or collapse the ceiling in the treatment mine, while opening the upper ventilation horizon for Astove Island, located in the side of the quarry, produced by pumps through an open split trenches each layer along the strike and at working powerful layer between the recessed blocks of pillars erected artificial settable bookmarks, prior to the excavation of coal in the recess blocks.

 The conducted patent studies show that neither the patent, nor the scientific and technical literature have information about the technology of mining coal seams in the marginal zones of coal opencasts, which would be characterized by the same set of essential features as the coal mining technology claimed for patent protection boards, that is, it meets the patentability criterion of novelty.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed technology with well-known analogues shows that it has advantages aimed at achieving the goal, that is, it ensures the preservation of the earth's surface for arable land and other agricultural land. These advantages are the result of the distinctive features of the proposed technology, which do not explicitly follow from the prior art, therefore it can be argued that it (the technology) meets the patentability criterion of "inventive step".

 The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a diagram of the opening section of the suite of coal seams in the marginal area of the coal mine after completion of open work.

 The combined method of developing a suite of steep and inclined coal seams includes conducting a trench (opening) along the main (powerful) formation of the suite, open pit mining of a powerful seam with ledges, underground mining of seams that extend beyond the contours of the worked out horizons. At the final stage of exploitation of the open pit at its maximum depth, effective open-cast coal mining, based on the specific technical and economic situation prevailing in the open pit and in the coal mining region, determine the optimal depth of mining of a powerful seam 1 with an underground open-cast mining technology, i.e. when using the upper open part of the reservoir as a ventilation horizon and the construction (conduct) of a network of transport and ventilation underground utilities. On a powerful layer 1, conduct openings opening this horizon: pits 2 or slopes (not shown in the drawing), equip a lift 3, conduct a main drift 4 or a conveyor drift along the layer. From the drift 4, a transport cross-hitch 5 is carried out and on one of its flanks a freight elevator 6 is equipped with an inclined working (ramp) 7, passed along the extreme in the formation 8. On the haulage horizon from the cross-hole 5, drifts 9 and 10 are carried out through the open layers, and bypass field drift 11.

 The upper ventilation horizon is opened by cutting trenches along the sediments above the exits of each formation (with a small thickness of sediments), by excavating the upper ledge of the quarry above the exits under the sediments of the reservoirs 12 and 13 and holding a ventilation crosshair 14, the mouth of which is fastened with reinforced support 15. During the underground opening of the ventilation horizon of coal seams, ventilation (trimming) drifts are carried out on them 16. The openings 2 and 7 are equipped with stationary ventilation installations.

 To conduct clean-up operations, coal seams 1, 8, 12 and 13 are divided along the strike of the seam into excavation blocks, and if necessary, the seams are also divided into storeys 30-50 m high, carrying out floor drifts 17 and 18. The coal is excavated using drilling and blasting operations and by releasing coal to vehicles of the main horizon, delivering and delivering it to the surface through a skip elevator 6. When mining a powerful seam 1, artificial pillars are erected from the hardening bookmark between the extraction blocks before the coal is removed in the blocks. Blast holes are typically drilled from the open top of the formation from top to bottom.

 The worked out space after the release of coal from the block (chamber) is covered with overburden or by collapse of the roof of the seam or the ceiling of the ventilation outlet. After coal mining in each block and mining of several blocks and backfilling of the mined-out space with dump rocks from overburden operations of the quarry or collapse of the lateral rocks containing coal seams on the main outlet openings and sub-floor shafts, bridges are erected, and the mined-out space is subjected to preventive fire-fighting by filling it with clay pulp.

 In the coal mines of Kuzbass there are many sections of coal seams that can be successfully worked out by the proposed technology.

Claims (3)

 1. The combined method of developing a suite of steep and inclined coal seams, including opening the seams, open pit mining of a powerful seam with ledges, underground mining of seams that extend beyond the contours of worked out horizons or open pit fields, characterized in that, at the end of open pit mining, determine the optimal depth mining a powerful seam with an underground-open technology for mining it, opening this work horizon, carrying out a transport cross-country and on one of the flanks of its flanks are equipped with a skip hoist along an inclined ramp (slope), passed along the extreme layer in the formation, divide the layers into excavation blocks along the strike of the formation, and the layers of the hanging part of the suite, starting from a powerful layer, if necessary, divide them into sub-floors and work them out using drilling and blasting work and the release of coal on vehicles of the open main horizon with the issuance of coal to the surface through a skip lift, while the mined space after the release of coal is covered with overburden or bring down the ceiling Inu in the development of sewage treatment.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the opening of the upper ventilation horizon for the strata located on the side of the quarry is carried out by depositing an open split trench along the strike of each stratum or at least one stratum, and the rest are opened with horizontal workings passed with split trench (ledge).  3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that when mining a powerful seam between the mining blocks, artificial pillars are erected from the hardening bookmark before the start of coal extraction in the mining blocks.