RU2279932C1 - Device for cleaning grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separating solids from solids.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises air-separating passage, feeder with the guiding grate, arrangement for supplying air under the guiding grate, settling chamber connected with the outlet of the air-separating passage, fan, aspiration passage that connects the settling chamber with the air-separating passage through the fan, passage for discharging dust, air supply passage, relief branch pipe, and arrangement for discharging light fraction.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of cleaning.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention is intended for the purification of grain mixtures by air flow and can be used in agricultural production, in the flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry.

A grain cleaning machine is known, including a pneumatic separating channel, a feeder with a guide grill, a device for supplying air under the guide grill, communicated with the space of the pneumatic separating channel under the exit from the grill guide, a sediment chamber communicated with the exit of the pneumatic separating channel, a fan, an aspiration channel communicating the sediment chamber through a fan with a pneumatic separating duct, an additional chamber with a louvered wall and an unloading device, installed between the aspirate ion and pneumatic separating channels, the discharge pipe of the grain mixture and the device for outputting the light fraction, located in the lower part of the sedimentary chamber [1].

In this device, the effect of the air flow on the grain mixture before entering it into the pneumatic separation channel leads to loosening and bringing it into a fluidized state: the lightest impurities will be carried into the upper horizons of the fluidized bed by the air flow, full-weight grains will appear in the lower horizon, and the average horizon will be particles of mineral and organic origin, punctured and crushed grain, the density of which is higher than the density of light impurities, but less than or close to the density of full-weight grain . Due to this, the grain mixture is introduced into the pneumatic separation channel layer by layer loosened and uniformly distributed throughout the depth of the channel. At the same time, the air flow passing through a uniformly distributed and layer-by-layer loosened mixture effectively releases light impurities from it and carries it out to the sedimentation chamber. Hollow and crushed grain, particles of mineral and organic origin deviate from the parabolic falling trajectories of the movement of full grain under the influence of the air flow and move along the parabolic upward deflecting trajectories, reach the wall separating the air separation channel and the additional chamber, are unloaded and gradually roll along it into the cleaned grain. This affects the quality of cleaning the grain mixture.

The closest technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning machine, including a pneumatic separating channel, a feeder with a guiding grid, a device for supplying air under the guiding grid, in communication with the space of the pneumatic separating channel at the exit from the guiding lattice, and a sedimentary chamber communicated with the pneumatic separating outlet duct, fan, suction duct communicating sedimentary chamber through a fan with air separation duct a chamber with a louvered wall and an unloading device installed between the suction and air separation channels, a dust removal channel that communicates an additional chamber with a sedimentary chamber, an air supply channel that communicates with the suction channel with an additional chamber provided with a sloping plane under the louvre wall, a discharge mixture of the grain mixture and a device for output light fraction, located in the lower part of the sedimentary chamber [2] - prototype.

This grain cleaning machine provides an increase in the quality of cleaning the grain mixture as a result of eliminating the penetration of punctured broken and crushed grain, particles of mineral and organic origin into the cleaned grain (feed fraction). This is achieved by the fact that these components of the grain mixture, when introduced into the air separation channel under the influence of the air flow, acquire parabolic upwardly deflecting trajectories of movement, reach the louvered wall in its upper part, unloaded, roll along it through the louvered openings into the additional chamber.

However, the presence in the feed fraction of a significant amount of particles of mineral and organic origin (lumps of earth, pebbles, etc.) impairs its quality. Before using this feed fraction for food, agricultural and other animals require additional labor and time to clean it of particles of mineral and organic origin that adversely affect the gastrointestinal apparatus of these animals. Therefore, this circumstance worsens the quality parameters of the operation of the grain cleaning machine.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the well-known grain cleaning machine, including a pneumatic separating channel, a feeder with a guiding grid, a device for supplying air under the guiding grid, in communication with the space of the pneumatic separating channel under the outlet from the guiding lattice, has a sedimentation chamber communicated with the exit of the pneumatic separating channel, a fan, an aspiration channel communicating a sediment chamber through a fan with an air separation channel, an additional chamber with a louvered wall and an unloading device installed between the suction and pneumatic separation channels, a dust removal channel communicating an additional and a sedimentary chamber, an air exhaust channel communicating an aspiration channel with an additional chamber provided with a sloping plane under the louvre wall, a discharge mixture of the grain mixture and a device for outputting the light fraction placed in the lower part of the sedimentary chamber, the unloading device of the additional chamber is made in the form of receivers separated by a pivotally mounted partition with its end fixed to the sliding plane, curved working surface which faces the direction Incoming processed cereal mixture ingredients.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the proposed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The execution of the unloading device of the additional chamber in the form of receivers separated by a partition causes the release of particles of mineral and organic origin (lumps of earth, pebbles, etc.) from the feed fraction. This circumstance improves the cleaning quality of the feed fraction and subsequently eliminates the additional labor costs and time for processing it before use for animal feed.

The installation of the partition hinged from one end and the presence of a sliding plane on its other end allows a more precise separation of the grain part (punctured, broken and crushed grain) of the feed fraction from particles of mineral and organic origin (lumps of earth, pebbles, etc.). This is achieved by choosing the optimal position of the loose end of the partition relative to the fractional separation zone of the components of the feed fraction by rotating it relative to the axis of the fixed end and moving the sliding plane.

The execution of the working surface of the sliding plane of the partition wall is curved, facing the direction of receipt of the processed components of the grain mixture eliminates the formation of vortex air zones that impair the separation of the feed fraction into the grain part and impurities of organic and mineral origin.

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly increases the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The drawing shows a diagram of a grain cleaning machine.

The grain cleaning machine contains a diametrical fan 1, a sedimentary chamber 2 with a curved profile with a device 3 for outputting a light fraction located in the lower part of the chamber 2, an aspiration channel 4, inside which is placed an air flow regulator 5, an air separation channel 6, an discharge section 7 of the cleaned grain mixture, located in the lower part of the channel 6, the feeder 8 with the guide grill 9, a device 10 for supplying air under the guide grill 9, which, under the descent from the guide grill 9 communicates with pneumatic the parry channel 6. Between the suction 4 and the air-separating 6 channels of the grain cleaning machine, an additional chamber 11 with a louvered wall 12 and a discharge device is installed. The unloading device of the chamber 11 is made in the form of receivers 13 and 14, separated by a pivotally mounted partition 15 with a sliding plane 16 fixed at its end, whose curved working surface faces the direction of arrival of the processed components of the grain mixture. The chamber 11 is communicated through a dust removal channel 17 with a sedimentation chamber 2, and through an air supply channel 18 provided with a rotary shutter 19, with an aspiration channel 4. Under the louvered wall 12 there is a pitched plane 20.

Grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

The initial grain mixture through the feeder 8 enters the guide grid 9. Under the influence of air entering the device 10 from the lower part of the air separation channel 6, and from it through the holes of the perforated grate 9, the grain mixture on the grate 9 is loosened and brought into a fluidized state. As a result, the lightest impurities are carried into the upper horizons of the fluidized bed by air flow, full-weight grains will appear in the lower horizon, and particles of mineral and organic origin, punctured and crushed grains, whose density is greater than the density of light impurities, but less than or equal to the density of full-weighted ones, will be in the lower horizon. grain. In such a layer-by-layer loosened state, the grain mixture is introduced into the air separation channel 6. The air flow created by the diametrical fan 1 and regulated by the air flow regulator 5 enters the air separation channel 6 through the suction channel 4, captures and carries off light impurities into the sedimentation chamber 2, which are a device ( screw) 3 are brought out. Sloppy, broken and crushed grain, particles of mineral and organic origin deviate from the falling trajectories of the movement of full grain under the influence of the air flow and move along parabolic upward-deflecting trajectories, reach the wall 12 in its upper part, unloading, roll along it and through the blinds enter the sloping plane 20, and then through it get into the chamber 11. As a result of separation of the grain mixture due to random random collisions of particles of light impurities and components of the feed fraction in the chamber ru 11 together with the latter is supplied as a number of pulverulent impurities. From the chamber 11, dusty impurities under the influence of the air flow entering the air supply duct 18 are carried out through the dust removal duct 17 to the sedimentation chamber 2, and particles of mineral and organic origin (lumps of earth, pebbles, etc.) enter the receiver 13. Under the influence the air flow, punctured, broken and crushed grain with a higher windage coefficient deviates from the trajectory of particles of organic and mineral origin and enters the receiver 14. Further, these components of the grain mixture The conclusions from the machine outside. The required amount of air flow entering the chamber 11 through the channel 18 is regulated by the valve 19. The cleaned grain from the pneumatic separation zone enters the discharge pipe 7, and then is discharged out.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the cleaning quality of the feed fraction (crushed, beaten and punctured grain), which is a valuable feed product for farm animals.

Literature

1. A.S. No. 1456255 USSR, MKI4 V 07 V 4/02, 4/08. Grain cleaning machine / N.P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, V.E. Saitov. - 4257495 / 29-03; Claimed 06.06.87 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1989. No. 5.

2. Patent for invention No. 2172217 of the Russian Federation, MKI7 07 V 4/02, A 01 F 12/44. Grain cleaning machine / V.E.Saitov. - No.2000110083 / 03; claimed 04/19/2000 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2001. - No. 23 - prototype.

Claims (1)

Grain cleaning machine, including a pneumatic separation channel, feeder with a guide grill, a device for supplying air under the guide grid, connected with the space of the pneumatic separation channel below the exit of the grill guide, a sediment chamber communicated with the exit of the pneumatic separator channel, a fan, an aspiration channel communicating the sediment chamber through a fan with a pneumatic separating channel, an additional chamber with a louvered wall and an unloading device, installed between the suction and non-separating channels, a dust removal channel communicating an additional and sedimentary chamber, an air supply channel communicating an aspiration channel with an additional chamber provided with a ramp plane under the louvre wall, a discharge mixture of the grain mixture and a device for outputting a light fraction located in the lower part of the sedimentary chamber, characterized in that the unloading device of the additional camera is made in the form of receivers separated by a pivotally mounted partition with a fixed at its end a stationary plane, the curved working surface of which is facing the direction of receipt of the processed components of the grain mixture.