RU2270061C2 - Device for separation of loose mixture in fluid medium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices of air separation of loose material, for example grain, grain crop, vegetables and grass; cleaning and separation of grain at seed plants, farms, grain elevators; flour, combined fodder, chemical and other industries.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device has bin and vibrating chute, fluid oscillator with planar nozzles of different calibers mounted in flow in succession at increased varying pitch, acute angle of installation, nozzle caliber; device is also provided with receivers for finished and repeated fractions which are communicated with bin through transporting unit. Fluid oscillator is just high-frequency oscillator; no less than ten nozzles are provided; they are made with walls of guide passages whose length increases downward. Mounted in generator in succession before nozzles are three screens; finished fraction receivers exceed repeated fraction receivers by two; two finished fraction receivers are mounted at the end of flow.

EFFECT: improved quality of separated product; reduced separation cycle; increased productivity.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for air separation of bulk materials, such as grain, cereals, vegetables and grass crops, and can be used for cleaning and sorting grain at breeding stations, seed plants, grain elevators, in farms, milling, animal feed, chemical and other industries.

Known pneumatic separator of grain material containing a vertical suction channel with windows in its walls for inputting the initial mixture and outputting the obtained fraction, in which a support grid is mounted, as well as a hopper with a feeder equipped with an initial mixture thrower, an additional window for removing the fraction is made in the channel wall located opposite to the main one, and the grid is made of two sections connected to each other and to the channel walls pivotally, with each section inclined towards the adjacent window (with MS of the USSR No. 1117086, IPC U 07 V 4/00, publ. 07.10-84. Bull. No. 37. "Pneumatic separator of grain material").

A disadvantage of the known device of a pneumatic separator of grain material is the low quality of separation as a result of an insufficient degree of separation (separation) of the separated material when passing along the inclined surface of the mesh, and it also has a limited number of distribution fractions, which causes large fractions of the separated material to get into small fractions and vice versa.

The closest in technical essence, taken as a prototype, is a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, including a device for forming a homogeneous stream of the source material in the form of a hopper and a vibratory tray, mounted at an angle of the nozzle for air supply are made horizontal, of different caliber, installed sequentially by flow with a variable pitch and an acute angle of installation, increasing from top to bottom, and fraction collectors located under the nozzles, through one communicated with a device for rofessional homogeneous feed stream via the transport device (see. Ukraine patent №45881 of 15.04.2002, MPK 7 07 B 4/02, "Method for separating a mixture of particulate in the fluid and device for its implementation).

The known device for separating granular mixture in a fluid performs separation more precisely by fractions and better, having in its device collections of finished products and collections of repetition. A bulk product, such as grain, falling into the collectors of the fractions of the repetition, returns to its initial position in the hopper, passes the separation cycle a second time, thereby improving the quality of the finished product.

But this device has the following disadvantages. The implementation of the jet generator with horizontal horizontal nozzles does not provide the same air pressure over all nozzles of the generator, the pressure in the upper part of the jet generator is much higher than in the lower part, and this affects the quality of the separated material, as well as the execution of the collection of return fractions after each fractions collector ready the product is not effective for the end of the separation device, where the final product, passing through the entire cycle of alternating fractions, at the end of separation no longer requires a return, since low-grade fractions - feed are not subject to return.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating an effective device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid by optimizing the aerodynamic effects on the particles of the original product by performing a high-frequency jet generator with three sieves installed in it in series in front of the nozzles, and the number of nozzles is made of at least ten with the walls of the guide channels , the length of which increases from top to bottom, and the collections of finished fractions are made two more than the collections of repeated fractions of separi chopped grain. This will ensure accurate distribution of the separated product among the receiving fractions according to the weight and shape, improve the quality of the separated product, reduce the separation time, which will increase productivity and also reduce the metal consumption and dimensions of the device.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium containing a hopper and a vibrating chute, a jet generator with flat nozzles of different calibers, mounted in series with the flow with increasing variable pitch at different acute angles to the vertical, caliber nozzles from top to bottom, located under the nozzles, collections of finished and repeated fractions, the last of which are communicated through a conveying device with a hopper, are distinguished by the fact that the jet generator is made high-frequency, and the nozzles a, with a quantity of at least ten, made with the walls of the guide channels, the length of which increases from top to bottom, moreover, three sieves are installed successively in front of the nozzles in the generator, while the collections of finished fractions are two more than the collections of repeated fractions of the separated product, and two collections of finished fractions are set near the end of the stream. The proposed separation device differs from the prototype in that it improves the quality of the finished separation products and reduces the separation time by optimal aerodynamic effects on the particles of the source material.

In the proposed technical solution, the distinguishing features are not a characteristic of the whole parts of the object, which themselves can be whole and independent objects with their own functions, therefore, they are not classified in isolation from other parts (features), and the totality of the features set forth in the distinctive part of the formula was not found in known technical solutions, therefore, the proposed solution meets the requirement of "inventive step".

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of the separated product due to the high-frequency jet generator, which ensures uniform flow of air to all nozzles from top to bottom, thereby ensuring uniform separation of grains into finished fractions, for example stones and heavy grain impurities, sowing grain, food and fodder. As well as reducing the time of the separation cycle by eliminating the re-fraction at the end of the flow of the dispenser, for example to the final feed grain, and this leads to an increase in productivity, a decrease in the metal consumption and dimensions of the separation device.

The execution of the high-frequency jet generator with three sieves installed in series in front of the nozzles ensures the same flow rate and air flow from the lower nozzle to the upper one, which improves the separation quality of the separated product by all nozzles in fractions due to the exact distribution of the fluid by the difference in the ratio of particle weight and aerodynamic drag .

The number of nozzles made at least ten, which is selected empirically, with the walls of the guide channels, the length of which increases from top to bottom, this increases the length of the separation zone in the direction of flows.

Fulfillment of collections of finished fractions is two more than repeated, and setting them side by side at the end of the stream is due to the fact that the final product, passing through the entire cycle of fractions, alternates, no longer needs to be returned to the end, since the final finished fractions are low-grade fodder, not subject to return .

The whole set of essential features of the proposed solution provides high-quality (accurate) multifractional separation of the granular mixture, for example, cereals, both simple form and complex shape, which is very important in agriculture when processing and preparing seeds for sowing, as well as for breeding purposes. The device is illustrated by diagrams, for example for grain flow.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for separating granular mixture in a fluid medium.

Figure 2 is a top view of figure 1 with the cover removed.

The separation device consists of a hopper 1, equipped with a gate 2 and a device 3 in the form of a vibratory tray for feeding particles at the same speed.

Under the fixture 3, a high-frequency jet generator 4 is installed, which is a closed volume with a set of a number of flat oriented nozzles 5, the number of which cannot be less than ten, and three sieves 6 installed in series. Caliber d nozzles 5, acute angle α of each nozzle 5 downstream, the step Z between the nozzles 5 and the length of the channel 7 increase from top to bottom. To the generator 4 on the nozzle side 5 there is a dividing device 8, including collectors "a" for direct finished fractions and collectors "b" for intermediate repeated fractions. The latter through a conveying device 9 of any type communicated with the hopper 1. The collections of finished fractions "a" is made two more than the collections of repeated fractions "b" of the separated product. At the end of the stream in the dividing device 8, two collectors of the finished fractions “a” are installed side by side, since the last fractions are not subject to return. The system of nozzles 5 and dividing device 8 is covered on both sides by side walls 10 to prevent air leakage into the inter-nozzle space and disrupt generation. The cover 11 is made in a wave-like shape to reflect the air flow. The fan 12 is designed to supply air to the jet high-frequency generator 4.

The separation device operates as follows:

At the beginning, grain is fed into the hopper 1 at the same speed, by means of a vibratory tray 3 a free flow of fluid grain is created, which, under the influence of the air flow from the fan 12, passes through three sieves 6 of a high-frequency jet generator 4, the air is uniformly straightened through all nozzles 5, then in turn, they are scanned by nozzle sections made increasing from top to bottom. The acute angle α of the nozzle 5 installation, the step Z between the nozzles 5, the caliber d and the guide lengths of the channels 7 of the nozzles 5 ensure the separation of particles of the separated material by the cascade of flat air jets of the nozzles 5, the grain enters the dividing device 8, where it is divided into fractions.

The first fraction receives stones and heavy impurities, the second - sowing grain, the third - food grain, the fourth and fifth - feed grain. As the particles pass through the cascade of air jets, the finished fractions “a” are phased out, and at the same time, intermediate “b” (under-processed) fractions are selected and returned to the bunker 1 for re-separation for refinement.

Claims (1)

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium comprises a hopper and a vibrating chute, a jet generator with flat nozzles of various calibers mounted in series with increasing variable pitch, acute installation angle, nozzle caliber from top to bottom, collectors of finished and repeated fractions located below the nozzles, the last of which are communicated through a conveying device with a hopper, characterized in that the jet generator is made high-frequency, and nozzles of at least ten are made with the walls of the direction guide channels, the length of which increases from top to bottom, wherein the generator is set in front of the nozzles consecutively three sieve, with collections of finished fractions formed two more than collections of repeat separated product fractions, two fractions collection ready installed near the end of the stream.

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