RU2336131C1 - Device for separation of loose mixture in fluid medium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: device for separation of loose mixture in fluid medium includes facilities for loading and supply of loose mixture, jet generator with nozzles and air supercharger installed below, separation chamber, collectors of finished and repeated fractions, and also at least one air flow baffle and shaper of ascending air flow. Air flow baffle is arranged in the form of undulating surface of convex shape, which is installed on the back side of separation chamber, and shaper of ascending air flow - in the form of ejection windows for passage of atmospheric air that are installed in the bottom of separation chamber between the second, third and fourth collectors of fractions. Ejection windows are arranged in the form of slot or set of holes installed in rows.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of loose mixture separation; increase of efficient time of loose separated product stay in separation chamber and reduction of separating air flow turbulence extent.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for sorting solid bulk materials using air flows, and more particularly to automatic devices for cleaning grain, cereals, vegetables and grass crops, and can be used in breeding stations, seed plants, farms, grain elevators, flour mills and feed production.

The prior art devices for the separation of bulk materials, each of which includes a loading hopper, a separation chamber, a nozzle for supplying air flow connected to a blower fan, collectors of finished fractions, see A. with. SU 1479141, class B07B 4/02, published 1989.05.15, or US Pat. RU 2130816, cl. B07B 4/02, published 1999.05.27, or US Pat. RU 2132754, cl. B07B 4/02, published 1999.07.10, or US Pat. RU 2132755, cl. B07B 4/02, published 1999.07.10. A common disadvantage of the known devices listed is the lack of an upward air flow directed towards the separated bulk material, which reduces the effective residence time of the bulk material in the separation chamber and worsens the separation conditions, and also leads to an unjustified increase in the overall dimensions of the separation chamber and the entire device as a whole.

A known separator for bulk materials containing a hopper with a feeder, a separating chamber, a fan and ducts, in which the separating chamber at its lower base has a hermetically adjacent system of air pipes entering the inside of the separating chamber, equipped with diffusing tips and valves to control the speed of the oncoming air flow and interconnected by sealed conical collectors that trap fractions of the separated material, see US Pat. RU 2262994, cl. B07B 4/02, published 2005.10.27. In the specified known separator, an upward flow of air from the nozzles located between the conical collectors is capable of providing the final fine separation of particles of bulk materials immediately before they enter the collectors. However, such a flow is organized forcibly, which is associated with the need to use a complex system of its regulation, additional energy and labor costs.

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium containing a hopper and a vibrating chute, a jet generator with flat nozzles of different calibers, mounted in series with increasing variable pitch, acute installation angle, nozzle gauge from top to bottom, collectors of finished and repeated fractions located under the nozzles, the last of which are communicated through a conveying device with a hopper in which the jet generator is made high-frequency, and nozzles of at least ten are made with the walls guide channels, the length of which increases from top to bottom, and three sieves are installed sequentially in front of the nozzles in the generator, while the collections of finished fractions are made two more than the collections of repeated fractions of the separated product, and two collections of finished fractions are installed side by side at the end of the flow, see, US Pat. RU, No. 2270061, cl. B07B 4/02, published 2006.02.20. The device allows to improve the quality of the separated product, reduce the separation time, increase productivity, as well as reduce the metal consumption and dimensions of the device by optimizing the aerodynamic effects on the particles of the original product, ensuring accurate distribution of the separated product among the receiving fractions according to weight and shape. This well-known design decision was made as a prototype, as the closest analogue in technical essence, the achieved result and the combination of essential features.

The disadvantage of the prototype is mainly the lateral nature of the air flow of the jet generator relative to the direction of movement of the separated product. With this direction of the separating air flow, the effective residence time of the particles of the granular separated product in the separation chamber is determined by the height of the separation chamber and the particle free fall rate. Thus, to ensure the residence time of the particles of the loose separated product in the separation chamber, sufficient for complete separation, a significant height of the separation chamber is required, and consequently, an increased passage area of the flat nozzles of the jet generator and the energy intensity of the latter. In addition, such design features of the separation chamber and the prototype jet generator contribute to the turbulization of the separating air flow, significantly reducing the quality and processing efficiency of the separated product, which forces the selection of intermediate unfinished fractions and return them to re-separation. These disadvantages of the prototype limit the scope of its effective application and do not allow use for the purposes of the present invention.

The invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which is expressed in increasing the effective residence time of the particles of the loose separated product in the separation chamber and reducing the degree of turbulence of the separated air flow while maintaining the high quality of processing of the separated product and other positive properties of the prototype. Ultimately, the specified technical result allows us to expand the field and increase the efficiency of the device by providing the possibility of processing bulk materials with various mechanical properties.

A positive result is achieved by the fact that the device for separating granular mixture in a fluid medium, including means for loading and supplying granular mixture, a jet generator located below them with nozzles and an air blower, a separation chamber, collectors of finished and repeated fractions, differs from the prototype in that it equipped with at least one air flow chipper and upstream air conditioner. The air flow chipper is made in the form of a convex shaped surface located on the rear wall of the separation chamber. Shaper ascending air flow is a set of ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air, made in the bottom of the separation chamber between several collections of fractions.

It is preferable that the surface of the convex shape of the airflow chipper is wave-like.

The optimal from the point of view of achieving the specified technical result is the length of the separation chamber, comprising 1.3-1.5 height of the separation chamber, and the width of the separation chamber, comprising 2.1-2.3 height of the separation chamber.

It is advisable to perform ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air located between the second, third and fourth collectors of finished and repeated fractions.

It is possible to perform ejection windows in the form of a slit, the width of which is 0.02-0.03 of the height of the separation chamber. Alternatively, it is possible to make ejection windows in the form of a set of holes arranged in rows. Moreover, the holes in the rows are arranged with a variable pitch, and can also be made rectangular.

When performing accurate multifractional separation and fine purification of a granular mixture in a fluid by means of horizontal air flow, the duration of the effective residence of particles of the separated granular product in the specified air flow plays a decisive role, i.e. in the separation chamber. The longer the residence time of the particles, the more fractions of the separated product can be isolated and the more volatile fractions can be removed. Increasing the length of effective stay by increasing the overall height of the separation chamber of more than one meter is associated with increased energy consumption and material consumption of the device. Creating an upward flow of atmospheric air towards the particles of the commodity fractions of the granular mixture allows you to slow them down under the influence of gravity and increase the effective residence time in the working area of the separation chamber. In this case, the formation of an ascending air flow does not require additional energy consumption, since it is carried out by ejection of atmospheric air through ejection windows. The process is auto-adjustable, since the ejection effect depends mainly on the air flow rate of the jet generator in the separation chamber. The ascending air flow allows the separation of at least four commodity fractions with a substandard material content in the fraction of not more than 1.5-2.0% with a separation chamber height not exceeding 0.9 meters. Productivity of the device mainly determines the width of the separation chamber, and with its ratio to height within the range of 2.1-2.3, optimal profitability is ensured. The length of the separation chamber depends on the mechanical properties of the material being processed, and with its value of 1.3-1.5 heights, the greatest versatility of the device is ensured. The width of the slit of the ejection windows has been experimentally established, comprising 20 ... 25 mm, at which the resulting ejection effect reaches its maximum value. The implementation of ejection windows in the form of round or rectangular holes with a certain step allows simple means to achieve alignment of the velocity field of the ascending air flow over the entire width of the separation chamber.

The quality of separation and fine cleaning of the granular mixture in a fluid, as well as the stability of the device to a large extent depends on the nature of the flow of air in the separation chamber. In the event of disruption of the air flow, the formation of zones of turbulence or stagnant zones, a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the device. These phenomena occur mainly due to the interaction of the air flow with the structural elements of the device, the surface of which is perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the direction of the air flow. The probability of turbulization of the air flow is maximum during the interaction of the air flow with the rear wall of the separation chamber, therefore, to improve the streamlining conditions, it is equipped with an air flow chipper made in the form of a convex shaped surface. This surface shape minimizes the frontal collision area of the air flow and eliminates the occurrence of stagnant zones.

Thus, all the features of the device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid that are distinguishable from the prototype are aimed at obtaining a technical result, namely, increasing the effective residence time of the particles of the granular separated product in the separation chamber and reducing the degree of turbulence of the separating air stream.

A device characterized by the described combination of essential features is new, industrially applicable and has an inventive step.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium; figure 2 - a view of figure 1; figure 3 - node I in figure 2 is enlarged, performed by an ejection window for the passage of atmospheric air in the form of a set of holes; figure 4 - the same as in figure 3, in the design of the holes rectangular.

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid includes means for loading and feeding the granular mixture 1, a jet generator 2, a separation chamber 3, collectors 4 of finished and repeated fractions. Means of loading and supplying the granular mixture 1 include a hopper 5, equipped with a gate 6 and a vibration device (not shown conventionally) for uniformly 6 feeding particles of the granular mixture into the separation chamber 3. The jet generator 2 is mounted under the hopper 5 and consists of an air blower made, for example, in the form of a fan 7, an air duct 8 and a set of flat oriented nozzles 9. Inside the air duct 8, directly in front of the nozzles 9, one or more gratings (not shown conventionally in the figures) can be arranged to align the air outflow. The separation chamber 3 is a rectangular enclosed volume, the characteristic size of which is the height. In the figures, the height of the separation chamber 3 is indicated by the letter H, respectively, the length of the separation chamber 3 is (1.3-1.5) N, and the width of the separation chamber 3 is (2.1-2.3) N. On the inner surface of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3 opposite the nozzles 9, there is an air flow chipper 10. The chimney 10 of the air flow is made in the form of a convex surface of a wave-like shape. A similar or similar chipper 10 can be installed on the upper and side walls of the separation chamber 3. Above the chipper 10, in the upper part of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3, an opening 11 is made for the removal of air flow and volatile fractions from the separation chamber 3. The bottom of the separation chamber 3 represents a set of alternating in a certain sequence collections of 4 finished and repeated fractions. The division of collections 4 according to their intended use for finished and repeated fractions is conditional and depends on the properties of the processed bulk mixture. The serial number of the collector 4 is significant based on its distance from the front (nozzle) wall of the separation chamber 3. Thus, in the first or closest to the front wall of the collector 4, the densest fractions will be collected, and as the collector 4 is removed, the density of the fraction collected in it will decrease. Collections 4 are dividing grooves located across the separation chamber 3 over its entire width, each of which has a discharge neck (not shown conventionally in the neck figures). In addition to the collectors 4, in the bottom of the separation chamber 3 is mounted a shaper of upward air flow, which is made in the form of a set of ejection windows 12 for the passage of atmospheric air. Ejection windows 12 are located between the second and third, third and fourth, fourth and fifth collectors 4. In the simplest case of the device (see figure 2), each ejection window 12 for the passage of atmospheric air has the shape of a rectangular slit, the length of which is 2, 1-2.3 of the height of the separation chamber 3, and the width is 0.02-0.03 of the height of the separation chamber 3. Possible implementation of the device (see figure 3), in which each ejection window 12 for the passage of atmospheric air is made in the form of rows round holes 13 or (see FIG. .4) of rectangular holes 14. Moreover, the holes 13 and 14 in the rows are arranged with a variable pitch, i.e. the intercenter distances of the holes 13 or 14 are different.

The device operates as follows.

The bulk mixture to be separated, for example grain, is poured into the hopper 5 of the means 1 for loading and feeding the bulk mixture. When the device is connected to the power line, the vibrating device and the jet generator 2 are turned on. They raise the gate 6 and, as a result, the particles of the granular mixture are uniformly fed into the separation chamber 3. The jet generator 2, due to the set of flat oriented nozzles 9, ensures uniform and practical supply to the separation chamber 3 horizontally directed air flow. The air flow from the jet generator 2 picks up the flow of grain freely falling from the hopper 5. As a result of the impact on the bulk mixture of the scanning cascade of flat air jets, the particles of the separated material are separated into fractions that differ in density and aerodynamic characteristics. More dense and streamlined particles fall into the zone of the first collector 4, and less dense with a developed surface are discarded to the subsequent collectors 4. Thus, stones and heavy impurities enter the zone of the first collector 4, the second - sown grain, the third - food grain, the fourth and the fifth - feed grain, the next - non-commodity fractions of the granular mixture. Volatile and dusty fractions are carried away by the air stream of the jet generator 2 and are taken out of the separation chamber 3 through the opening 11 to divert the air stream. The stabilization of the laminar (vortex-free) air flow in the separation chamber 3 is facilitated by the streamlined wave-like shape of the convex surface of the airflow chipper 10. Ejection windows 12 for the passage of atmospheric air are located between the collections of 4 commodity fractions and provide air conditioning for the latter. In the process of moving the air flow of the jet generator 2 along the length of the separation chamber 3 with the formation of a fluid, the latter causes a vacuum with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the device, which results in the ejection (suction) of atmospheric air into the separation chamber 3 through the ejection windows 12. Ejected upward flow atmospheric air rises through the ejection windows 12 from the bottom up towards the particles of the commodity fractions of the granular mixture falling to the respective collectors 4. Thus, there is counter movement of the upward flow of atmospheric air and particles of the commodity fractions of the granular mixture, which leads to a slowdown in the fall (weighing) of the latter, an increase in their effective residence time in the working zone of the separation chamber 3 and an increase in the accuracy of separation of commodity fractions to 98-98.5%, t .e. when the presence of substandard material in the fraction does not exceed 1.5-2.0%. The fractions of the separated bulk mixture are accumulated in the respective collections 4 and periodically unloaded from them for further processing. The device is effective when used to perform accurate multifractional separation of the granular mixture, including cereals of simple and complex shape, which is very important in agriculture for breeding purposes, as well as in the processing and preparation of seeds for sowing.

The above described embodiment of the device is given only for the purpose of explaining the invention. Specialists in this field can improve the device and (or) implement alternative options within the essence of the present invention, reflected in the description and drawings.

Claims (9)

1. A device for separating granular mixture in a fluid medium, including means for loading and supplying granular mixture, a jet generator located below them with nozzles and an air blower, a separation chamber, collectors of finished and repeated fractions, characterized in that it is provided with at least one chipper air flow and shaper upward air flow, while the chipper air flow is made in the form of a convex shape located on the rear wall of the separation chamber, and the shaper ascending its air flow is made in the form of ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air located in the bottom of the separation chamber between several collectors of fractions. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the convex shape surface is made wavy. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the length of the separation chamber is 1.3-1.5 the height of the separation chamber, and the width of the separation chamber is 2.1-2.3 the height of the separation chamber. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air are made between the second, third and fourth collections of finished and repeated fractions. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that each ejection window for the passage of atmospheric air has a slit shape, the width of which is 0.02-0.03 height of the separation chamber. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that each ejection window for the passage of atmospheric air is made in the form of a set of holes. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the holes are arranged in rows. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the holes in the rows are arranged with a variable pitch. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the holes are made rectangular.

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