RU179365U1 - UNIVERSAL AERODYNAMIC SEPARATOR WITH ADDITIONAL CLEANING OF GRAIN MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in devices for the air separation of bulk materials and can be used mainly in agriculture for cleaning and sorting seeds of cereal, grass and other crops, as well as in other sectors of the economy for the separation of contaminated bulk materials into separate fractions. Essence: aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of the grain material contains a hopper with a vibratory tray, a generator of a cascade of air jets installed underneath it, pneumatically connected to an air supply source xa under pressure, and a separation chamber, under which there are fraction collectors. At the beginning of the vibratory tray, a scalper comb is installed between it and the outlet from the hopper, the cantilever rods of which have different lengths or stiffnesses, have an end bend, and are equipped at the free ends with a collector of large impurities made in the form of a single or double slope vibrochannel in communication with the collector of the first fraction. In order to increase productivity by quickly turning off scalping and setting the optimal angle of inclination of the comb, the latter is equipped with a rotary mechanism made, for example, in the form of a trapezoid equipped with clamps of the selected position. Technical advantages: ensuring maximum productivity; stabilization of the quality of treatment; the ability to quickly change the cleaning parameters. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for air separation of bulk materials and can be used mainly in agriculture for cleaning and sorting seeds of cereal, grass and other crops at breeding stations, in farms, in milling and animal feed production, as well as in other sectors of the national facilities for the separation of contaminated bulk materials into separate fractions.

The aerodynamic separator for separating with additional purification of grain material is known from the prior art. It comprises a hopper with a vibratory tray, an air cascade generator mounted under it, pneumatically connected to a pressure air supply source and a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, as well as in the middle of the separation chambers above the fraction collectors there is a device for cleaning grain material, made in the form of a gable prefab bar grill, cantilever ends of a branch the working bodies of which freely rest on the support rotary shafts with scrapers located in the gaps between adjacent branches of the working bodies, each branch being a straight bar with a hook at one end, with which the branch is worn on the central axis of the gable, and also the distance between the branches in the set of the working body can be changed using washers. The angle of inclination of the branches of the working bodies can be changed by moving in the vertical direction the central axis of the lattice, or by horizontal movement of the rotary shafts in different directions [see Ukrainian patent No. 87489 for classes IPC ⁶ B07B 4/02, A01F 12/44 published on 02.10.2014 in Bull. Number 3].

The main disadvantage of the known aerodynamic separator is a gradual decrease in performance during operation due to imperfections in its design. The presence of this drawback is explained as follows. The grate for cleaning grain material from impurities is in a static state, which contributes to contamination of the inter-bar space with commensurable impurities and the so-called “riders” (broken straw, V-shaped fragments of ears, etc.), which gradually reduces the throughput of the grate, therefore, and separator performance. In addition, since the perimeter of the lattice is rigid, the probability of jamming of grains between the rods remains quite high, and the scrapers are located only at the end of the lattice, therefore, they can clean no more than 5% of the working area of the lattice, which further reduces the performance of the separator and also forces periodically stop its operation for preventive cleaning of the grate.

The closest in essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is an aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material, containing a hopper with a vibratory tray, an air cascade generator installed under it, pneumatically connected to a pressure air supply source and a separation chamber under which collectors of fractions, moreover, at the beginning of the vibratory tray, a scalper comb is installed between it and the exit from the hopper, the cantilever rods of which have different lengths or stiffness, have an end bend, and are equipped at the free ends with a collector of large impurities made in the form of a single or double slope vibrochannel in communication with the collector of the first fraction [see Ukrainian patent No. u2017 01874 for classes B07B 4/02, A01F 12/44 filed February 27, 2017].

The main disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the scalp comb is stationary. The essence of this drawback is explained as follows. If pre-cleaned grain material is fed into the hopper, then there is no need for a scalper grate at all. It only reduces the performance of the separator, creating an additional mechanical obstacle to the free flow of grain material into the separation chamber. If the grain material is contaminated with impurities, then the use of such a scalper comb is justified, even if the productivity of the separation process is reduced. Since the comb is installed stationary, it naturally cannot take into account the condition (contamination) of the feedstock, which is a constructive disadvantage of the known aerodynamic separator.

The utility model is based on the task of further improving the known aerodynamic separator by expanding its functionality due to the possibility of changing the spatial position (installation angle or slope) of the scalper comb, depending on the degree of contamination of the initial grain material to ensure maximum separator performance regardless of the state of the feedstock.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in an aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material containing a hopper with a vibratory tray, an air jet cascade generator installed under it, pneumatically connected to a pressure air supply source and a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, and at the beginning a vibratory tray between it and the outlet from the hopper is equipped with a scalper comb, cantilever rods of which have different lengths, have an end bend, and are equipped with free the ends of the collection of large impurities, made in the form of a gable vibrochannel, communicated with the collection of the first fraction, according to the proposal, with the aim of quickly turning off the scalping and setting the optimal angle of inclination of the comb, the latter is equipped with a rotary mechanism made in the form of a trapezoid equipped with clamps of the selected position.

Due to the possibility of changing the spatial position of the scalper comb in relation to the outlet from the hopper, it is technically possible to take into account the degree of contamination of the feedstock by completely or partially shutting down the scalpation from the separation process due to the corresponding rotation of the comb, up to its complete deviation from the outlet from the hopper into in case of feeding already cleaned grain material.

Due to the presence of a retainer, the scalper comb can remain at a predetermined angle at any time and perform its functional purpose without changing productivity over time.

Due to the implementation of the rotary mechanism in the form of a trapezoid, the entire comb, regardless of its width, rotates in parallel along its entire plane, which creates the same conditions for the passage of grain material through it over its entire area.

Thus, the combination of all the described essential features characterizing the claimed aerodynamic separator for separating grain material with additional cleaning, obtained due to structural changes made to the scalper comb, having performed it technically rotary, allows to achieve the desired technical result, which is expressed in the stabilization of the unit’s performance at the maximum level independently from the degree of contamination of the source grain material.

A further essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by illustrative material, which depicts the following: FIG. 1 is a side view of the proposed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of the grain material, a longitudinal section. The single arrows indicate the direction of air movement in the separation chamber, the triple arrows indicate the separation of the separated grain material from the separator, the light material indicates the grain material, fractions collections are shown in Roman numerals; FIG. 2 - a scalp comb, plan view, in working position; FIG. 3 - a scalp comb, plan view, inoperative; FIG. 4 is a cross section of the proposed aerodynamic separator.

The proposed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of the grain material contains a hopper 1 for loading grain material with a vibratory tray 2, a generator 3 of a cascade of air descendants mounted under them connected to a source 4 of air supply under pressure, and a separation chamber 5. Under the separation chamber 5 there are fraction collectors 6 (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX).

At the beginning of the vibratory tray 2, a scalper comb 7 is installed between it and the outlet from the hopper 1. Under the free cantilever end of the comb 7 there is a collection of large impurities made in the form of a gable channel 8 in communication with the collection of the first fraction 6 (I).

The scalper comb 7 (see Fig. 2) contains a set of cantilever rods 9 which have different lengths and also have an end bend 10. The comb 7 is mounted on the trapezoid 11 with the possibility of rotation about axis 12. The angle of inclination of the comb 7 is provided by turning the axis using the handle 13, and the selected position is fixed using the clamp 14.

The principle of operation of the proposed aerodynamic separator for separation with additional purification of grain material is as follows.

The grain material to be separated is loaded into the hopper 1 of the aerodynamic separator, from where it enters the comb 7. Due to the fact that the comb 7 is located above the vibratory tray 2 and is connected with it, the latter, oscillating itself, also leads the comb 7 into oscillatory motion. Moreover, due to the fact that the rods 9 of the comb 7 are fixed cantilever (open loop), and also have different lengths, each of them oscillates autonomously with its individual amplitude and frequency of oscillations. The grain material, passing through the oscillating comb 7, is stratified and its particles (grains), with the exception of large impurities, fall on the vibrator 2, from where it is gravitationally fed into the separating chamber 5. Large impurities remain on the rods 9 of the comb 7 and, due to its inclination (in in accordance with the slope, the vibrating tray 2) moves to the cantilever edge of the comb 7, from where they fall onto the gable channel 8, through which they (the ramp) fall into the collector of the first fraction 6 (I) or into a separate storage hopper (not shown) via the corresponding channel m 15.

If the grain material enters the hopper 1 already cleaned, the comb 7 is lifted up using the handle 13 and fixed in this position using the clamp 14 (see Fig. 3).

Grain material entering the separation chamber 5, under the influence of a cascade of air jets leaving the generator 3, is divided into separate fractions by air flows that fall into the respective collectors of fractions 6 (II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII IX).

Thus, the continuous cleaning of the grain material proposed in this technical solution, regardless of its degree of contamination without reducing the performance of the aerodynamic separator, leads to a qualitatively new technical result, in comparison with the known analogues, expressed in the stabilization of maximum productivity and the operational introduction or elimination of the scalping process feedstock.

A significant difference between the proposed aerodynamic separator for separating grain material with additional cleaning from previously known similar technical solutions lies in the possibility of incorporating the scalping process into the separation process as necessary by introducing a comb into the feed stream and fixing it in this position with a simple clamp . This distinctive feature ensures the implementation of the rotary comb without dismantling and placement on the trapezoid. None of the known aerodynamic separators can simultaneously possess the listed properties, because either they contain bulky cleaners installed above the hopper (for example, see patents UA 79394, UA 79394), which leads to a significant increase in the size of the separators, or the cleaners are located directly in the separation chamber, disrupting the process of aerodynamic separation of the mixture into separate fractions, since they become an obstacle to the air flow with specified parameters (for example, see patents RU 2401704, SU 1176976), or do not provide for the cleaning of the separated material from large impurities due to the lack of cleaning devices in their designs, which allows them to be considered incapable of providing the final product of the quality required by the technical conditions.

The proposed technical solution has been tested in practice and implemented in the constructions of a serial manufactured range of aerodynamic separators of the CAD series (Separator AeroDynamic) produced by LLC NPF Aeromeh.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- ensuring maximum separator performance regardless of the degree of contamination of the feedstock due to the fact that the scalper comb is put into operation as necessary;

- stabilization of the quality of cleaning due to the fact that the comb is mounted on a trapezoid that can rotate relative to the axis of attachment;

- the ability to quickly change the installation angle of the comb due to the presence of a clamp.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by improving the quality of the finished product and increasing the performance of the aerodynamic separator, regardless of the degree of contamination of the feedstock.

Claims (1)

A universal aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material, containing a hopper with a vibratory tray, an air stream cascade generator installed under it, pneumatically connected to a pressure air supply source, and a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, and at the beginning of the vibratory tray between it and the exit from a scalper comb is installed in the hopper, the cantilever rods of which have different lengths, have an end bend, and are equipped at the free ends with a collection of large impurities, in complements a dual vibrokanala communicated with the collection of the first fraction, characterized in that, in order to improve performance by turning off skalperatsii operative and optimal setting angle of inclination of the comb, the latter is provided with a turning mechanism, configured as a trapezium, retainers provided with a selected position.

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